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2000-614-Minutes for Meeting March 22,2000 Recorded 4/6/2000VOL: CJ2000 PAGE: 614 RECORDED DOCUMENT STATE OF OREGON COUNTY OF DESCHUTES *02000-614 * Vol -Page Printed: 04/07/2000 11:47:55 DO NOT REMOVE THIS CERTIFICATE (This certificate constitutes a part of the original instrument in accordance with ORS 205.180(2). Removal of this certificate may invalidate this certificate and affect the admissibility of the original instrument into evidence in any legal proceeding.) I hereby certify that the attached instrument was received and duly recorded in Deschutes County records: DATE AND TIME: DOCUMENT TYPE: Apr. 6, 2000; 1:05 p.m. Regular Meeting (CJ) NUMBER OF PAGES: 16 MARY SUE PENHOLLOW DESCHUTES COUNTY CLERK KE UNG LD 200G1 ES 00 APR -6 P,4 I � 05 Board of Commissioners a�i> aXw.,.;, . ' .. A'.,,„ #iii:,,. it•.. „t , ." k.... ii,i :, ......, .-ZA, MINUTES 1130 N.W. Harriman, Bend, Oregon 97701-1947 (541) 388-6570 • Fax (541) 388-4752 www.co.deschutes.or.us Linda L. Swearingen Tom Dewolf Dennis R. Luke DESCHUTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MEETING WEDNESDAY, MARCH 22, 2000 Chair Linda Swearingen opened the meeting at 10:00 a.m. Commissioners present were Linda L. Swearingen, Dennis R. Luke and Tom Dewolf. Also in attendance were Rick Isham and Bruce White, Legal Counsel; Michael Maier, County Administrator; Ron Meckler, 9-1-1 County Service District; and Jim Bonnarens, Property Management. Others present were Greg Brown and Sue Brewster, Sheriffs Office; Chief Don Roe, Sisters Fire Department; Bob Shotwell, KICE Radio; Jan LaChapelle, Deschutes Children's Foundation; Melba Christopher, Human Dignity Coalition; Representatives of Z-21 Television; and approximately 2.5 citizens. 1. CITIZEN INPUT Citizen Charles Patterson expressed concern over the time management expense records of the Sheriffs Office. Chair Linda Swearingen stated that a written response to his request for information would be compiled by County Administrator Michael Maier; and indicated this response will be available to members of the public. There was no further Citizen Input. 2. PRESENTATION on Area Diversity Melba Christopher of the Human Dignity Coalition presented the Coalition's viewpoint on the increasing diversity of the population of Deschutes County. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 1 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Quality Services Perforiued with Pride She further went on to explain that it was never the intention of the Human Dignity Coalition to have the Canadian flag struck down from the Visitor's Center. She stated that the Coalition merely wanted to enhance by adding the flag of the United States' other continental neighbor. She explained that her group wanted the Mexican flag to fly at the Visitors' Center in the spirit of celebration around diversity, to acknowledge the changing population of the area, and to recognize not just residents but visitors as well. Ms. Christopher further stated that the Coalition wished only to attain an atmosphere of welcome, and that they feel flying both the Canadian and Mexican flag would be an appropriate symbol of welcome and appreciation. She said that many citizens in the community contributed to the flagpole fund, and that the Coalition tried to follow the appropriate steps. She requested guidance and suggestions as to an appropriate way to accomplish those goals. Commissioner Dennis Luke explained that the County leases the building to the current occupant, and the County cannot dictate how the occupant should operate as long as the terms of the lease are honored. He further explained that the flag pole height became a problem with the new City of Bend code. He further stated that he is disturbed by symbols, as he and many others feel symbols can create more problems than they solve; that symbols can bring together people, but they can also incite problems. He also said that others from different nationalities have asked why their flag cannot also fly. He emphasized that the flags currently flying, the United States flag, the Oregon flag, and the tourism flag, are the appropriate ones for the Visitors' Center. He also suggested that perhaps a hall of flags inside the building would be appropriate. Commissioner Tom DeWolf stated that he knows racism and bigotry unfortunately exist in this area as well as in others, and that this is disturbing and unfair problem, but that placing the flag at the Visitors' Center will not solve this problem. He also explained that he stands by his previous decision and statements, and emphasized that he hopes other ways can be found to celebrate diversity in this area. Chair Linda Swearingen stated that she appreciates the efforts made by the Coalition to promote tolerance and diversity; but agrees that in a public place the appropriate flags are the United States flag and the Oregon State flag. She indicated that by its very nature, the United States flag represents diversity. She said that she appreciated the zeal of the members of the Coalition, and hopes they will work with private individuals to come up with other ideas. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 2 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Commissioner DeWolf said that there is a silver lining to this issue; it has brought about a higher awareness of the changing population in the area and that citizens must make strong efforts to be more accepting and tolerant. Ms. Christopher was asked to consider the County as a resource and a partner, and to work with the County when crafting programs. She encouraged the Board to participate in the upcoming Diversity Conference to be held at Bend High School on October 13, 2000. 3. PUBLIC HEARING Regarding Changes to County Code, Authorizing the Emergency Management Director (Sheriff) to Declare a State of Emergency and to Declare Mandatory Evacuations Commissioner Luke stated that the Board wants to know the thoughts of the constituents regarding this issue, and hopes to hear suggestions on how this document may be changed. He further explained that no decision would be made by the Board at this time, as another draft would be considered after this hearing. Sheriff Greg Brown explained that the draft ordinance was originally proposed by the County's regional emergency manager as a part of the ongoing process of Project Impact. He further clarified that Project Impact is the wildfire mitigation project, and that Deschutes County is the only place in the nation that was selected. Sheriff Brown stated that his intent was to give the County a tool to allow for the management of areas, and at the same time continue to respect property owners and their rights. He explained that he is very sensitive to property rights, especially since an evacuation had to take place in his own subdivision at one time. He further stated that under state rules the Sheriff and a member of the Board of Commissioners can declare a disaster; at that time the governor's office must be contacted. The governor signs the declaration, allowing the Sheriffs Office to manage the area. It is an advisory only, but quite often the deputies have to tell people to leave their properties to save lives. Sheriff Brown indicated he has heard from those who feel local control would be better; from those who don't want local control. He said he has also heard from those who like the idea of being able to have a one-way gate to allow for evacuations without allowing returns, but allowing those who wish to stay to do so. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 3 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 He further explained that the Board needs to consider that with an ordinance, this will be an absolute. If an evacuation is ordered, the area has to be evacuated or the County could be assuming some liability if persons are not removed. Without the ordinance, the question is whether this endangers public safety personnel; do they change the way they fight fires if they have to worry about people who remain in their homes? He stated that the whole intent was to give public safety personnel a local tool; but he does not feel the County should sustain more liability. He stated, however, that the rights of emergency personnel must also be considered. A general discussion then took place regarding the various fires and the responses of the public and emergency services that have occurred in Central Oregon over past years, including the potential for looting and vandalism, and the issue of evacuating animals from endangered properties. Sheriff Brown also elaborated on how the command structure works to combine the services of firefighters and law enforcement. Citizen Charles Patterson testified that he is disturbed by some of the wording, in particular in regard to prohibiting the movement of property from residences. He further stated that he is concerned about the federalization of sheriffs departments around the country and the possibility of a police state. He also stated that people make a conscious decision to live in rural areas that are prone to fires. Citizen Ivan Romanoff, who had signed up to testify, declined to do so at this time. Citizen Roger Weidner, who indicated he has, among other things, been a Portland City fireman in the past; so is aware of the problems that can exist during an emergency. He questioned the wording of the proposed ordinance in regard to the absolute power given the Sheriff at the scene of an emergency. He stated concerns about when and how that power can be applied, especially in regard to the types of emergencies listed in the ordinance. He stressed many people are concerned about the exercise of this type of martial law. Commissioner DeWolf asked Mr. Weidner if he would be willing, based upon his knowledge of emergency services, to make some written observations about the wording of this ordinance. Commissioner DeWolf indicated that he is very aware of private property rights and does not want this ordinance to be construed as a trampling on those rights. Mr. Weidner expressed his willingness to help out. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 4 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Commissioner Luke indicated that he does not like to invoke emergency clauses to put an ordinance into effect, and that there would be at least one more public hearing before anything is decided. He did express his concern, however, that something be decided before fire season. Citizen Bale Brown, who had signed up to testify, did not respond when his name was called. Citizen Robert Thomas then spoke. He explained that he had previously been a deputy district attorney and is an attorney-at-law at this time, and knows the need for control during chaos. He expressed his objection to the ordinance, and wondered what the wording "crisis influx of residents" refers to; he explained he has a problem with how broadly the ordinance is written. Commissioner DeWolf asked Mr. Thomas if he would be willing to detail, in writing, what he feels are the weak points of the ordinance; and also make suggestions on what can be done to improve it. Mr. Thomas said he would like to sit down with Sheriff Brown and discuss the ordinance with him. He also stated that in a free society people must be allowed to make mistakes. He further explained that he would like to see the Board consider the addition of a sunset clause. Sheriff Brown commented on the language in the ordinance, explaining that it is state language that enables the county to enact such an ordinance. Citizen Louie Murrieta then spoke. He stated that he feels martial law is a bit extreme, and that common sense should rule. He further said that if those who have no common sense decide to hide and not leave the scene of an emergency, regardless of whether martial law has been declared. He explained that previous emergencies have been handled well without such an ordinance, and that this ordinance would be an infringement of citizens' rights. Citizen Norm Hogarth then expressed his opinion that the ordinance is draconian, and does not support martial law. He stated he is concerned regarding areas being evacuated too early, creating crowded areas where emergency services can't handle the number of people. Citizen Jackie Faulkner then spoke. She indicated her hope that this measure would give the residents of the east side of town near the Bend airport some relief in regard to the crowds that gather during airport events. She said that it has been explained to her many times that the airport is the responsibility of the City of Bend, and no one else will step in to address this issue. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 5 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Commissioner DeWolf explained that this ordinance really would not apply to such a situation. Commissioner Swearingen stated that the Board has done everything it can within its jurisdiction, but that this is a City issue and the Board has no say over what the City does. Tim Breeden, a Citizen, the explained he has been president of the Deschutes River Woods Homeowners Association. He said there were mistakes made by emergency personnel during the Awbrey Hall fire, especially in regard to forcing people to leave their properties, and would not want to see those mistakes made again. He said he had made suggestions in writing to the Sheriff as to who should be allowed to stay with their properties during an emergency evacuation. Commissioner DeWolf asked if those recommendations could be provided to the Board. Mr. Breeden also expressed concern that when the governor calls an emergency, state funds are then made available; but if the emergency is called on a local level, that funding may no longer be available. This could cost the County a lot of money. He also indicated that for emergency personnel to concentrate their energies on a few individuals who don't want to leave could jeopardize other people who need help. He further stated that he believes this would conflict with the mandate of the state for owners of rural properties outside of fire protection districts to take fire suppression and prevention methods. He said that if you are forced to evacuate, you cannot carry out your mandate and your property is completely unprotected. Commissioner DeWolf expressed his appreciation of the comments of Mr. Breeden and the others who spoke earlier. He also said that there will be another draft and the Board appreciates the interest of the citizens in this regard. Citizen Jerry Norquist then spoke. He said that he feels perhaps there are management plans set up in other areas to handle specific problems, such as fire, and perhaps a more specific plan would work. He stated that he is concerned regarding people from outside the area camping in rural areas who are not aware of the severe fire danger. He asked for clarification of which agency could come out to speak with the campers about their campfires, since he has been unable to get any response in this regard in the past. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 6 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Sheriff Brown said this can be a big problem since over 80% of the County is public land, and that the Forest Service and BLM do not generally regulate campfires except for a short period in the summer. He explained that Project Impact might change this somewhat since it discusses bringing all'of the emergency services together. He also said that in many cases even if the Sheriffs Office asks people to put out their campfires, they cannot be forced to do so. Being no further citizen input, Chair Linda Swearingen closed the public hearing. 4. PUBLIC HEARING on the Proposed Vacation of an "Easement" off Wilt Road, Bend Bruce White, County Counsel, indicated that the issues concerning this vacation have been addressed and satisfied, and that all parties are in agreement. He further explained that all access issues have been addressed. Chair Linda Swearingen opened the public hearing. Since no testimony was offered, she then closed the public hearing. DEWOLF: I move approval, subject to legal review of the documents. LUKE: I second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. 5. FINAL HEARING on the Annexation of Territory into the Sisters -Camp Sherman Rural Fire Protection District; and SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000-043, Annexing Said Territory into the Sisters -Camp Sherman Rural Fire Protection District County Counsel Bruce White indicated this second, final hearing had been scheduled since if any objections had been received, this issue could have been sent to election. He stated that no objections were received. Chief Don Roe of the Sisters -Camp Sherman Rural Fire Protection District testified that he, too, had received no objections. Chair Linda Swearingen then opened the Public Hearing. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 7 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Since no further testimony was offered, she then closed the Public Hearing. LUKE: I move signature of Order No. 2000-043. DEWOLF: I second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. 6. DISCUSSION of a Draft Agreement between Deschutes County and the Deschutes County Children's Foundation for the Operation of the Becky Johnson Community Center County Counsel Rick Isham stated that the issues the Board had questioned regarding the contract have been addressed, and that he felt the document would not be acceptable to the Board. DEWOLF: I move approval, subject to final Board review. SWEARINGEN: I second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. 7. SIGNATURE of a Letter Appointing Jim Petersen to the Deschutes County Bicycle/Pedestrian Advisory Committee, Fulfilling a Vacated Position DEWOLF: I move approval, subject to final Board review. LUKE: I second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. Chair Linda Swearingen now removed Agenda Item No. 19 from the Consent Agenda, as she was advised a Public Hearing should be held regarding this item. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 8 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 CONSENT AGENDA DEWOLF: I move approval of Consent Agenda Items No. 8 through 21, excluding Item No. 19. LUKE: I second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. CONSENT AGENDA ITEMS: 8. ACCEPTANCE of a Deed of Relinquishment of Parcels of Land from ODOT to Deschutes County for Deschutes Junction Overcrossing, Phase I 9. SIGNATURE of Memoranda of Understanding Between Deschutes County and (1) The Oregon Water Resources Department; (2) The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department; and (3) The Oregon Economic and Community Development Department 10. SIGNATURE of a Human Services Contract between Deschutes County and Central Oregon Resources for Independent Living (CORIL) 11. APPROVAL of the Renewal of a Personal Services Contract with Geoffrey Hyde for Psychiatric Services 12. SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000-052, Declaring the Results of the Election Held on March 14, 2000, on the Seven Petitions for Withdrawal from Special Road District No. 1 13. SIGNATURE of Resolution No. 2000-022, Amending the Interest Rate of Agate Local Improvement District as Originally Set Out in Resolution No. 97-067 14. SIGNATURE of an Easement Agreement for the Southerly Portion of the Old County Fairgrounds Property (Completion of an Agreement with Fred Meyer Stores) 15. SIGNATURE of an Agreement Regarding the Assumption of Royal Blend Coffee Company, LLC by Mock Enterprises, Inc. 16. SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000-051, Authorizing the Sale of Various County - Owned Properties (for the Acquisition of the Health and Human Services Building and the Becky Johnson Community Center Project) MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 9 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 17. SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000-049, Authorizing the Sale of County -Owned Property off Gribbling Road to Robert and Patricia Marshall (for the Acquisition of the Health and Human Services Building and the Becky Johnson Community Center Project) 18. SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000-050, Authorizing the Sale of Property off Alfalfa Market Road to Rosemary Byrnes Doyle (for the Acquisition of the Health and Human Services Building and the Becky Johnson Community Center Project) 19. (Excluded and Addressed Separately, Below) SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000- 048, Authorizing Deschutes County to Exchange Real Property 20. SIGNATURE Accepting a Deed of Dedication of a Right of Way from Terence and Peggy Long, Providing Access to a County -Owned Parcel Currently for Sale 21. SIGNATURE of Resolution No. 2000-014, Transferring Appropriations within the Road Fund of the 1999-2000 Deschutes County Budget, and Directing Entries 22. SIGNATURE of Order No. 2000-048, Authorizing Deschutes County to Exchange Real Property for the Funding of Various County Projects Jim Bonnarens of Property Management explained that the signature of this Order would authorize Deschutes County to exchange real property (one in the Fremont Canyon area and another off Highway 20 East) in order to fund the new neighborhood property in La Pine, a possible future County archive building, the Rainbow House in Bend, the new Health and Human Services in Bend, and the Becky Johnson Community Center in Redmond. He explained that this process is not considered a sale but instead is a delayed exchange. He further said that all properties have been appraised. Chair Linda Swearingen gave some background on the Fremont Canyon property. She explained that it had been for sale for quite a while; that at first it was going to be exchanged to BLM, but some problems arose with that exchange. Therefore it will now be for sale. (Jim Bonnarens displayed a map showing all of the County properties for sale in the area and explained the zoning of each one.) Chair Swearingen said the County has identified properties that are not in the best interest of the County to hold; selling them also puts them back on the tax rolls. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 10 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Commissioner Luke explained that a timber cruise is being done, but that it has already been indicated that the timber is not of a high quality. He also said that it is very possible the property will end up in the hands of BLM if certain events take place; and that BLM would thin the property to make it a healthier forest. Chair Swearingen then opened the public hearing. Citizen Jerry Norquist then spoke. He indicated he had spent nearly an hour going over the specifics of the sale with Jim Bonnarens so he could be clear on what might happen. He said the environment of the property is not conducive to a lot of growth, and that the gravel road in the area gets far too much traffic already. He expressed concern as to how a buyer can gain access so that the buyer would comply with zoning and code; and also wants the County to be aware of potential impact on the area and its wildlife. Commissioner Luke explained that the County attempted to exchange properties with BLM, but that BLM wants cash. He further said that he approached Crown Pacific, but this didn't work out. Central Oregon Irrigation District may buy the property, with Crown Pacific taking out the timber that needs to be thinned, and eventually BLM would own the property. Jim Bonnarens said he had spoken with the County's planning department, and they indicate that the two 40 -acre parcels are EFU zoned and are separate legal lots of record; so a purchaser could apply to put a single family dwelling on each one. He further said that the other properties that are zoned under forest use are more restricted as far as land use is concerned. He further said that there are questions about the number of homes allowed currently being addressed at the state level. He stated that local planners indicate the minimum lot size, if it was possible to subdivide, would be 80 acres. Access issues would be addressed by staff as well. Mr. Norquist indicated his concern about the logging process, as years ago the timber companies left a mess behind them. He said there are some beautiful trees that he would hate to see logged. Commissioner Luke stated that the timber companies aren't interested in the timber; they would merely thin the forest to make it healthier. He said timber companies do not want to have to replant the area either, which may be required if they cut the timber. He further said that he couldn't imagine anyone wanting to spend that much money on those parcels, especially when there are other, more useable, properties available for less money. MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Page 11 of 14 Pages Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Jim Bonnarens said he believes F-1 is the zoning, allowing very limited uses; especially in view of the fact there is a wildlife overlay. Mr. Norquist expressed his concern about the amount of thinning that may take place; that deer and elk use the property, and it is dense with brush and shelter for animals. He further said he was worried about potential development. The Commissioners stated that this is highly unlikely. Any development would be only by legal lot of record, and even that does not assure a residence will be allowed. Commissioner Luke explained that having a lot of underbrush can be hazardous, allowing for hot fires; and that animals actually come back into an area when the brush has been thinned out. Commissioner Swearingen explained that if anyone applies for a land use action, if you are a neighbor you will be notified. Mr. Norquist asked if there is a time limit for timber companies to do their thinning; Commissioner Luke said it is unclear as to when this would happen, as it is a long, complicated process. He also said the Commissioners are aware of the sensitivity of the area, and would like to sell the properties as one piece. Susan Sprang, a citizen, then spoke. She asked if the 640 acres is to be sold together. Chair Swearingen indicated that if someone owns an adjacent property they would consider selling them separately; otherwise they intend to sell all of the five pieces together. Jim Bonnarens explained that if they are sold separately, issues regarding access could be a problem as well. Don Graby, citizen, said that the area is a deer wintering area. He asked if there is a wildlife overlay. Jim Bonnarens indicated that this overlay stays with the property when it is sold, and that there are more restrictions because of the overlay zone, especially on top of the forest zoning. He explained that the overlay increases the amount of work the property owner has to do to try to place a home. Being no more public input, Chair Swearingen closed the public hearing. DEWOLF: I move approval of Order No. 2000-048. LUKE: Second. VOTE: LUKE: DEWOLF: S WEARINGEN: MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Aye. Yes. Chair votes aye. Page 12 of 14 Pages CONVENE AS THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE 9-1-1 COUNTY SERVICE DISTRICT 22. APPROVAL of Weekly Accounts Payable Vouchers for the 9-1-1 County Service District in the Amount of $3,446.56 DEWOLF: So moved, subject to review. LUKE: Second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. CONVENE AS THE GOVERNING BODY OF THE 4-H/EXTENSION COUNTY SERVICE DISTRICT 23. APPROVAL of Weekly Accounts Payable Vouchers for the 4-H/ Extension County Service District in the Amount of $1,144.95 DEWOLF: So moved, subject to review. LUKE: Second. VOTE: LUKE: Aye. DEWOLF: Yes. SWEARINGEN: Chair votes aye. RECONVENE AS THE DESCHUTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS 24. APPROVAL of Weekly Accounts Payable Vouchers in the Amount of $196059674.26 DEWOLF: So moved, subject to review. LUKE: Second. VOTE: LUKE: DEWOLF: SWEARINGEN MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Wednesday, March 22, 2000 Aye. Yes. Chair votes aye. Page 13 of 14 Pages 25. ADDITIONS TO THE AGENDA There were none. Chair Linda Swearingen adjourned the meeting at 12:30 p.m. Dated this 22°d Day of March 2000 for the Deschutes County Board of Commissioners. ATTEST: MINUTES OF BOARD MEETING Wednesday, March 22, 2000 r Linda L. Swearingen, Chair r' "innis R. Luke, CoC�mm'ssioner Tom DeWolf, Co n issioner Page 14 of 14 Pages MEETING SIGN IN SHEET Meeting Topic: Date: a- C) O Time: 10 wl Name 1. Z7IIA /'i L e-� l . ?A (` Tr -k s vtil 4. N 7. s. 9. 10. 11. F ert E. Thomas, III Attorney-al-LawP.O. Box 1786 258 S.W. 5th edmond, Oregon 97756 hone: (541) 548-6610 Fax: (541) 548-6620 1 PLEASE PRINT Address &,5t0 �J 33y� a$ ss %. CiR City ME Phone # 3 �-n ')v - PUBLIC HEARING SPEAKERS' LISTING Public Hearing Topic: 5S Date: 2-1 Time: PLEASE PRINT Name 1. �rVgN 4 a��� Address .e, ��x 9331 City Zip Code 2. 3P�� �re�oPe� �0�0�' shoa�vhe� i'JC'h 4'7 ?Ci 4 I 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 14. 15.