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2002-180-Minutes for Meeting March 18,2002 Recorded 3/25/2002DESC JTES C MARYHSUESPENHOLLOW, COUNTYCOUNTY OFFICIAL RCLERKS CJ 20 0 2 0180 0� COMMISSIONERS' JOURNAL 03/25/2002 04;36;57 PM J �� UJ Board of Commissioners 1130 N.W. Harriman St., Bend, Oregon 97701-1947 (541) 388-6570 • Fax (541) 388-4752 www.deschutes.org Tom De Wolf Dennis R. Luke MINUTES OF PUBLIC HEARING Mike Daly DESCHUTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MONDAY, MARCH 18, 2002 Administration Building 1130 NW Harriman St., Bend The subject of this public hearing was an appeal of the Hearings Officer's decision on File No. CU -01-83, SP -01-52, denying a conditional use permit and site plan for a commercial activity in conjunction with a farm use in a multiple use agricultural (MUA-10) zone. Present were Commissioners Tom DeWolf, Dennis R. Luke and Michael M. Daly. Also present were Paul Blikstad and Kevin Harrison, Community Development; Laurie Craghead, Legal Counsel; and approximately twenty citizens. Chair Tom De Wolf opened the meeting at 3: 00 p.m. LAURIE CRAGHEAD: Ed Fitch, an attorney representing several opponents to this application, filed a motion of reconsideration of the decision to hear this appeal. He claims in his letter that the reason for the motion is because of various irregularities, one of which was the submittal of letters from Ben Westlund and Nancy Schlangen, and that these were improper ex parte contacts. He claims that the Board used those letters for consideration in whether to hear the appeal, when our Ordinance only allows three things for the Board to consider when deciding on whether to hear an appeal. One is the record developed before the hearings body; the notice of appeal; and recommendations of staff. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 1 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 Quality Services Performed with Pride CRAGHEAD: Mr. Fitch had also asked if I thought that the Board might have implicit authority to reconsider actions that were taken, whether there is actual authority in the Ordinance. At this time I do not believe the Board can hear this motion for reconsideration, and therefore recommend denial. My reasons are that in other situations that the Board is in, it could have implicit authority to repeal your actions. In this case, because of the very specific documentation that you are only allowed to look at in deciding whether to hear an appeal, I do not believe you have the authority to hear a motion on reconsideration for that. Also, regarding the allegations of improper ex parte contact, after reviewing the excerpts of the minutes that were provided by Mr. Fitch, along with the motion, it appeared to me that the Commissioners were obligated to put those ex parte contacts on the record anyway. From looking at the wording, I do not believe there was actually consideration of those letters at the time of deciding whether to hear the appeal. This is particularly true since Commissioner Luke was one of the Commissioners disclosing that he received those letters, and yet he voted "no", not to hear it. Third, at the end of the excerpt from the minutes, Chair Tom DeWolf stated that the Board could only consider these three items, and therefore did not even allow the applicant's attorney to address any issue, except for whether they would appeal the 150 days. This is one of the things the Board has to consider when deciding whether to allow a de novo hearing. Further, even if the Commissioners did consider the letters when making a decision, if Mr. Fitch were to file an appeal on behalf of his clients, either before LUBA or otherwise, he would have to show how the substantial interests of his clients were injured by the Board allowing another hearing. I haven't done a lot of research on this, but I would have a hard time finding cases out there that would show injury for not being able to be heard a second time, or the fact that they get more opportunity to be heard. All that leads to my recommendation for denial of the motion. A, I don't think you can do it; and B, I don't think the minutes show that you considered those letters when making your decision. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 2 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 TOM DEWOLF: In fact, I'd like to make it clear that I got a copy of each of the letters, but I didn't allow them to have any influence on me whatsoever. I should also disclose that recently I spoke with Representative Westlund on the phone, and he indicated to me that regardless of his submission of this letter, that he wanted me to make the decision that I felt was best. I think it would not be an unfair characterization to say that he may feel like he overstepped his role in submitting this letter. That may be an overstatement, and I don't want to put words in his mouth, but it is clearly an awkward situation when you are considering something and getting letters like this. I just want to state for the record that getting these letters didn't matter to me. It didn't influence my decision. DENNIS LUKE: I put on the record that as soon as I saw what they were about, I didn't read them. I realized that clearly they had to do with a land use issue. MIKE DALY: When the letters arrived, I read them; not realizing until I was almost done that I probably shouldn't have read them. These letters come in to us, and we get stacks of stuff to read, and we read one after the other. Sometimes it's hard to sort them all out. It didn't have any influence my decision. In fact, I had the same contact with Representative Westlund at a later date, when he asked me to please make the decision based on law rather than anything in the letter. LUKE: I move for denial of the motion for reconsideration. DEWOLF: Second. VOTE: LUKE: Yes. DALY: Yes. DEWOLF: Chair votes yes. At this time, Chair De Wolf read the opening statement (copy attached as Exhibit A). After reading the Order of Presentation, Chair De Wolf reminded the audience to stay civil and respectful, and on the issues; and if there are personal attacks on either side, he would cut them off and stop their testimony. He then directed the question of pre -hearing contacts of the Commissioners. "Are there any contacts that need to be disclosed?" Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 3 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LUKE: Nothing other than what was already stated. Is that part of this record? CRAGHEAD: You've now made that a part of the record. DALY: I guess I do. A number of months ago, Larry Pankey, an opponent, mentioned this issue to me. This was before it came before the Board. That's the only ex parte contact I had. DEWOLF: I have none. Chair De Wolf then asked if anyone in the audience had a challenge the qualifications of the Board of Commissioners of bias, prejudgment or personal interest. No challenges were offered. CRAGHEAD: This doesn't sound like it is the latest version of the opening statement. It is a requirement of statute that the applicant has to raise any issues regarding constitutional questions or conditions of approval, or be barred of raising any court actions on those. PAUL BLIKSTAD: Before the Board today is an appeal of the County Hearings Officer's decision on a conditional use permit, a site plan for a commercial activity in conjunction with a farm use. These applications were submitted by the applicant in response to a code enforcement complaint process. Staff received several letters in opposition from neighbors in response to the public notice that was sent out, so we referred this matter to a public hearing. That public hearing was held on November 6, 2001. The written record was left open for the Hearings Officer to make a site visit and to issue her site visit report, and left time for the parties to respond to that report. The applicant, as required, was given seven additional days for final argument. The record finally closed December 10, 2001. The Hearings Officer, in a written decision that was issued January 7, 2002, denied these applications. This denial was based on what staff believes were three issues. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 4 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 BLIKSTAD: 1) The Hearings Officer found that the applicant was not conducting a farm use on the property for which the proposed landscaping business could be considered to be in conjunction, as required under 18.32.030[C], a copy of which has been provided to the Board. (He then referred to an overhead projection of this code.) This is the conditional use listed for which he has applied. She found that the main use of the property was for the applicant's landscape maintenance business, and that the growing of bearded irises on the property did not constitute a farm use. Because by definition, a farm use means an activity for the primary purpose of obtaining a profit. On pages 6 and 7 of her decision, she found that there was no evidence that the applicant was using or processing the irises, and conflicting evidence as to whether the applicant uses or processes the hay that is grown on the northern portion of the ten acres. 2) The Hearings Officer found under the site design and operating characteristics criterion, which are under the general use standards in our Code for conditional use permits, that the proposed use is outside the scope of what is contemplated for the MUA-10 zone. In other words, she felt it wasn't allowed in an MUA-10 zone. 3) The proposed use, in this case specifically the part that involves two large compost piles, is incompatible with the surrounding rural residences. I believe if anything in this matter, this is probably the greatest bone of contention between the parties. Staff believes that in order to overturn the Hearings Officer's decision, which is what you've been asked to do, the Board must first find that the applicant does have a farm use for which the landscaping business could be considered in conjunction. Second, that the use is compatible with existing and projected uses on surrounding properties. This is the compatibility issue. To help make it compatible, the Hearings Officer requested that if the Board approves the applications, that the compost piles be removed as a condition of approval; and that other standards in the site plan review chapter be adhered to, such as meeting the outdoor lighting code. I do need to state for the record that the applicant submitted a letter dated February 8, 2002, in which he agreed to toll the 150 -day review period for sixty days. Without this toll we would be beyond the 150 days. With the sixty-day period, it is staffs calculation that we have until April 26 to make a final decision. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 5 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 BLIKSTAD: I also need to state for the record, given what happened with a previous hearing, that the applicant did submit the transcript within the five-day period, as required by the County's procedures ordinance. DALY: You say that you think that the compost piles are the biggest issues here. In my reading of this ruling, it appears that if the compost had been spread throughout the property, that it would be an entirely legal operation. To me, not withstanding the commercial operation, if you just wanted a farming operation, the compost would be entirely legal, as far as grinding it up and spreading it around the property goes. BLIKSTAD: Yes. I believe no matter what he does with it, I think he is subject to DEQ (Department of Environmental Quality) rules with respect to that use. DALY: Right. But the grinding of the compost is an allowable farm use, in that zone, if it is used on the property. KEVIN HARRISON: The question is, is composting allowed in the farm use zone. I think if the materials are generated on site, and the compost is used on site, then my off-the- cuff answer to that is that it would be part of agricultural use. DALY: Why would it have to be generated on site? DEWOLF: Otherwise it's not a farm use on your own property. LUKE It's the same thing we went through with Sunriver. DALY: Isn't it common farm practice to go to the neighboring barnyard and get loads of manure to bring back to your farm, to put in your garden or on your fields? Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 6 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 HARRISON: Yes, it is. Composting is different, though, because you're bringing in green material and converting it, breaking it down. It's not like you're buying fertilizer. There is a question in my mind whether a person could go out and arrange for chip trucks or whatever to come in and dump off material, and have it composted on your property, and call that a farm use. DEWOLF: Well, that's what we're here for, so let's have that conversation as we proceed. Chair De Wolf then discussed with the legal counsel of both sides the time allowed for presentations at this time - 30 minutes or so each - not including other public testimony. He also indicated that he felt the hearing would probably be left open for a period of time after this meeting to allow for further written testimony to be submitted. TIA LEWIS: (Legal counsel representing the applicant. She explained that her client is very hard of hearing, and if she or he speaks loudly it is not meant to be disrespectful.) Mr. Brian has been operating a landscaping business from his property in the MUA-10 zone for the past several years, since about 1997. Right around the time he first started this operation, he contacted a local attorney and was told that the use was a use that was permitted outright in that zone. The opinion letter from that attorney is dated 1998, and is based on a review of the code and, according to the letter, on a conversation with Kevin Harrison. Kevin is probably surprised to hear this, because I just discovered this myself. I'm not trying to put anybody on the spot, because I think that the use is probably a little bit different now than it was explained at that time. My point in telling you this is not to say he got permission, but simply to let you know that the applicant didn't just initiate a use without checked to see if it was permitted. He was, in fact, trying to do what he thought was right to comply with code. DEWOLF: Is that letter a part of the record? Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 7 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: It is not a part of your record, because I really didn't want to disparage anybody by saying, "Well, this attorney told him he could do it". I do have it in my file and I will submit it if you ask that I do so. DEWOLF: Well, without it we have no way of knowing if this is fact. If we're creating a record, that's the reason for having a record. So if you want us to consider it, I would think you'd want to submit it. If you don't want to submit it, that's fine; we just won't consider that as part of the evidence. LEWIS: Well, I'm not as interested in protecting his reputation as I am in creating the proper record for my client. LUKE: We need to consider what information was given to somebody before they generate an approval. LEWIS: The point I am trying to make is not that he got an approval. Also, the use that we are asking you to approve today was probably quite different from what was explained to Kevin or even to the attorney who wrote the letter. I just wanted you to know that it wasn't that my client tried to do this in violation of the code. That's the point I'm trying to make. He did check into what he was doing. To the extent that he has altered the use somewhat, I don't think he realized to the degree. I just wanted to let you know that he didn't just go out there, purchase this property and initiate a use without any concern as to whether he was in violation of the code. DEWOLF: If the use has substantially changed, then the attorney may have been absolutely correct five years ago; and it could be irrelevant to what is being done today. LEWIS: Yes. The sole purpose of telling you this is that he did check into it himself. As I indicated, he began his operation sometime in 1997, and at that time he planted 1,150 tall bearded iris rhizomes. This initial investment cost him $8,000, to plant those 1,150 rhizomes. They are now valued at over $100,000. In 2001, that initial plant stock of 1,150 plants was divided, and that division produced 8,000 plants. That is what is currently on the property, and it comprises approximately one-half acre. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 8 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: This is what Karen (Karen White, the Hearings Officer) ruled was not a farm use. The plants will be split again in the fall to cover an area of approximately one and one-half acres. The compost produced on the subject property was used to improve the soil to create the existing half -acre bed, and it took Mr. Brian over a year to accumulate enough compost material to create the existing iris bed. The existing pile of processed compost material -- and this is shown in the site plan -- which is approximately 200 yards, will be used to create the iris splits of one and one-half acres in the fall. At the same time, Mr. Brian began his landscaping business as the vehicle through which he would market the nursery stock, and to use as the financial funding to increase his nursery stock. Since 1997, Mr. Brian has taken an overgrazed, unproductive piece of property and turned it into a profitable farming operation that produced $750 in income in 2001, an estimated $4,750 in 2002, and the potential to produce over $500,000 in gross income by 2005. I will give you a document that gives you these figures (copy attached as Exhibit B). This is our written appeal statement in support. It has several exhibits. The first exhibit is Mr. Brian's business plan. It gives you a history of his use and his potential and projected profits. Mr. Brian is a horticultural scientist. He was trained at Cal Poly University, and has over 27 years experience in the raising and harvesting of plant material. His services in Central Oregon are highly sought after because the plant materials he raises and cares for in this community survive and flourish. As you probably know, in Central Oregon it's vitally important for the health and survival of nursery stock that the stock be acclimated to this climate. It's undeniable that plant materials raised in this climate survive and grow better than those initially started in the valley or elsewhere and brought in later. Yet, most of the nurseries in this area, with the exception of Solar City Gardens, which was approved under the process that we are applying today, are selling plant materials raised outside of the Central Oregon, because there is little supply of materials raised here. Mr. Brian's operation has several components, all of which are an integral part of the entire operation. These components include 1) the planting, raising and harvesting of the nursery stock, including the existing iris beds and the planned tree and shrub area, which is planned for the back five acres of the property; 2) the composting operation; and 3) the landscaping operation. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 9 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: We've submitted evidence and argument as to why all of these components should fall within the definition of farm use, and should be permitted outright. Now, I recognize that we have applied for a conditional use permit, and later I'll tell you why we did that. The main reason was because we were in code enforcement, and code enforcement didn't have a ruling as to whether any or all of these components would constitute a farm use. So we came to ask you to issue that ruling. We phrased it in the term of a commercial use, because there are some additional components that Mr. Brian would ultimately like to add to his operation. The first issue is the nursery stock. While we acknowledge that the back five acres are not yet planted in trees or shrubs, the irises are in the ground, are growing, and have been for the past five years. Again, that stock has increased from the initial planting of 1,150 plants to over 8,000 plants. When split again, they will encompass an acre and a half of area. I'm going to submit some evidence to you in a minute that will show you what the value of these individual plants are. It is also true that the applicant has not sold these plant materials yet, but that is because they are not yet mature enough to sell. DEWOLF: I thought you said that these have been sold for $750 in 2001 and $4,750 in 2002. LEWIS: Those are the profits that he has generated from the property, but they are not profits from the sale of the iris stock. That is profit from the sale of the compost. LUKE: So he has a commercial composting operation on the farm that he sells material from? LEWIS: He is selling the compost wholesale through his landscaping operation. He did sell two loads from the site, and that was part of the code violation complaint. And we have documentation as to whom he sold those loads to. DEWOLF: The half million dollars that is going to be made in 2005, is that from the sale of compost? Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 10 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: It includes compost, but it would be primarily the nursery stock. It is very well outlined in the exhibit to the document that I submitted to you. The Hearings Officer ruled that because Mr. Brian had not made a profit off the iris stock that this was not a farm use. But the definition of the current employment of land in ORS 215.203(2)(b)C specifically includes "land planted in perennials that are not yet mature". We've submitted evidence and will submit further testimony of the market value upon maturity, and the maturity date of these plants. The case law we've cited to you in our statement for appeal, and which I will elaborate more in a few minutes, makes it clear that the term "profit" in the definition of farm use is not meant to require that a farmer show you that he has obtained a profit. Rather, based on what is planted on the property from an objective viewpoint, that it is capable of producing a gross profit. The applicant's business plan, as well as the price sheets that I'm going to submit to you for the individual iris plants, clearly establish that these plants have a substantial market value, and will produce a significant profit upon maturity. LUKE: Is the profit made off the selling of the bulbs, or the flowers? LEWIS: Primarily off the selling of the rhizomes - the bulbs. The second component of the applicant's operation is the composting operation. It, too, has a substantial market value. Currently there is over $15,000 in product on site. While the applicant has been, and continues to use this compost as a soil amendment, case law interpreting the definition of farm use focuses again not on the subjective intent of the farmer, but rather on the objective valuation of what is on the property. The existing compost was created to use as a soil amendment to enable the applicant to start the iris bed, to split the irises, and has been stockpiled to amend the soil on the back five acres to plant the trees and shrubs. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 11 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: The value of the compost, in this climate and with our soil capabilities, cannot be overstated. The compost adds nutrients to our poor Central Oregon soils, it aids in water retention, it prevents erosion, it minimizes plant disease, and it also minimizes the need to apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides. As we've indicated in our written submissions and our previous testimony, approximately 30% of the material in the compost pile came from the subject property. This includes trimmings and plant loss from the existing iris beds, tree and grass clippings from the property, and cut hay from the back five acres. The remaining material consists of manure and animal bedding, potatoes, straw, yard debris, tree limbs and leaves. Now the percentage of material in the compost pile coming from on-site will increase dramatically when the back five acres are planted. All of the trimmings, plant loss, and clippings from the trees and shrubs will go into the compost pile rather than the landfill. All of the material in the existing pile will be used on the site. My client estimates that it will take the entire processed pile, approximately 200 yards, to prepare the soil just for the iris splits. The remainder of the unprocessed compost and more will be needed to prepare the back five acres of soil to support the trees and shrubs. One thing I want to talk to you about were the questions that you asked Kevin. There is some case law that I have cited in my appeal statement that indicates that all of the material in a compost operation need not come from the subject property. I can't put my hands on the case right at the moment, but when I come back up for rebuttal I will cite it to you. It is cited in my appeal brief. There is no case law ruling on the exact issue you have before you today, which is whether, when you have a compost operation where some of the material is generated on site and some comes from off-site, but 90% of the material is applied on-site, whether that is a farm use. There is a memorandum from the Attorney General addressing these issues, but it doesn't give you a definitive answer, but does provide some very good analysis. That is attached as exhibit 2 to the package I gave you. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 12 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: The Hearings Officer ruled that because this compost was to be used in the future as a soil amendment, it did not constitute the current employment of land. However, what the Hearings Officer did not take into account is the applicant's testimony that he used this very compost to prepare the existing iris beds, and that he will use it to split the existing plants to prepare them for the acre and one-half that they are going to go into in the fall. Her decision also ignores that the definition of farm use includes the preparation, storage and disposal of products or by-products raised on such land. More importantly, her decision misses the point that processing and applying compost to a property as a soil amendment is similar to irrigating, fertilizing and applying pesticides to a crop. This is not a separate use; it is a part of the applicant's farm use. It is vital to the survival of the plant material. Case law supports this idea. For example, in Friends of the Creek versus Jackson County, LUBA ruled that applying affluent and biosolids to a crop was an accepted farming practice, equivalent to applying irrigation, fertilizer and soil amendments. The final component of the applicant's operation includes the landscaping operation. We also believe that this component should fall under the definition of farm use, because farm use by definition and by necessity has a commercial component to it. The applicant's landscaping business is the vehicle through which he markets the farm products grown on the property. It is through this business that Mr. Brian has gained the reputation he has for which the demand for his plant materials has arisen. He markets through this business, not only his nursery stock but also his expertise in growing this nursery stock. His customers have seen what he is capable of with plants produced outside of this area, and the demand for plants that he has grown and cultivated in this area has developed through this customer base. While it is true that the landscaping business does perform lawn maintenance, you will see from his business plan, submitted as exhibit 1 to the appeal statement, that the portion of the business that performs the lawn maintenance is incidental to, and supports the sale of, the plant materials. This is much like the sale of souvenirs and non-farm products approved in the winery in Craven versus Jackson County. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 13 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: Now, I do recognize, as has LUBA, that the definition of farm use is awkwardly constructed and that making sense out of it is not easy. But if the Hearings Officer's decision that a half -acre of specialty perennials of one type, with a potential market value of over $100,000, is not a farm use because it looks like a large vegetable or flower garden, and because they are not yet mature enough to sell, is allowed to stand, it will result in an unreasonable restriction on accepted farm practices; this would be in violation of ORS 215.253. The definition of farm use specifically includes land planted in perennials prior to maturity. Obviously a farmer who has plants that are not yet mature is not going to be able to show you a profit from their sale. Case law and legislative history sheds some light in this area as well. First, as I mentioned previously, the case law shows that the inquiry with regard to the profit requirement is not whether the farmer has a subjective intent to make a profit or even whether he has made a profit. Instead, the focus is on the objective facts, what is occurring on the property and whether the activity on the property can generate the gross income necessary to establish this as a farm use. Specifically the cases I am referring to are Friends of Linn County versus Linn County, Cox versus Polk County, and DLCD versus Wallowa County, and I can give you the case cites at some point if you want them. How much gross income is enough is another question in the inquiry. Unfortunately there is no definitive answer to that. The cases suggest that this threshold dollar amount is actually up to the individual counties, but that it cannot be equivalent to the dollar amount that would be necessary to establish it as a commercial farm. These cases that I a relying on to support this idea are 1,000 Friends versus Benton County, 1,000 Friends versus Yamhill County, and 1,000 Friends versus Douglas County. In fact, the legislative history suggests that the dollar amount was intended to be a minimal amount, as low as $500. As you know, this section of the state statute was enacted in 1961 and the criteria requiring the primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money was added in 1967. The 1967 amendment actually included language that said a farm use shall not be regarded as having the primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money unless the entire parcel can produce a gross income of $500 per year. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 14 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: This $500 language was deleted from the statute in 1973, but in Rutherford versus Armstrong, which was decided in 1977, the Oregon Court of Appeals ruled that the legislative history of this statute revealed that the legislature intended that a farm use be a use that could produce a gross profit of $500 or more. Before I move on to the other issues, I want to share with you two iris operations in the state, both of which grow bearded iris, and both of which are located in an agricultural zone. Both sell this plant material, by mail order and via the internet, and from the site. DEWOLF: And both have composting operations and landscaping businesses? LEWIS: They do not, to my knowledge. If you recall Karen's decision, she ruled that our iris crop was not a farm use regardless of whether we had composting or landscaping operation. DEWOLF: I don't think that's what she's saying. "The applicant testified that he does not sell the irises. In addition, the record indicates the applicant neither sells the hay nor grazes livestock on it." I don't think she had a personal bias against irises. LEWIS: To try to respond to what you're saying, I respectfully disagree with you. I think that Karen ruled that the irises alone were not a farm use. She specifically rules that they were not a farm product. This is on page 5. She balls the hay and the compost operation together, but all we need is one farm use in order to establish a commercial use in conjunction with farm use. She says we have none. My point in submitting the Shriner's and the Cooley material is that they show you the prices of irises for individual plants, and also that both of these operations exist in Marion County. Neither of them have conditional use permits, because according to Marion County they are farm uses permitted outright in the agricultural zones, including the retail sales of their farm products to customers on site. Again, you'll see from these documents that one iris plant can sell for anywhere from $7.50 to $45. Mr. Brian currently has 8,000 iris plants growing in what the Hearings Officer calls a large flower garden. In addition to arguing that all of these components constitute a farm use --- Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 15 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 DEWOLF: I don't think you've made your point. When I read this, I don't believe that what you're claiming she is saying is what she is claiming. I just don't buy it. LEWIS: You don't think that she ruled that our iris bed was not a farm use? DEWOLF: I think that the reason for it is different than what you are saying. As I read this, what she is talking about, the difficulty here is a farm use, and she goes into Webster's dictionary. She says, "the primary difficulty with the applicant's argument is that the terms 'agricultural use' and 'horticulture' in the definition of farm use do not stand alone; rather, they are part of the definition of farm use which requires the current employment of the land for the purpose of obtaining a profit by one of the means described in the farm use definition. While the term 'horticulture' would encompass the growing of irises and grass hay to qualify as a farm use in conjunction with which a commercial activity may be permitted, this activity nevertheless must be for the purpose of obtaining a profit. find any other interpretation of these terms would be inconsistent with the purpose and use restrictions in an MUA-10 zone. That doesn't mean that irises per se are not a farm use; but that in these circumstances, in this particular case, that it does not fit the definition of farm use." That's the way I'm interpreting what she's saying. LEWIS: Well, then, let's assume you are correct. What Karen ignored was the case law out there that says that you do not delve into the subjective intent of the farm operator, but instead look at the market value of the product on the property, and whether it can generate enough gross income to satisfy the definition of farm use. Currently we don't have a dollar amount in Deschutes County as to what amount of gross income would be necessary to constitute a farm use. But Karen didn't even address it at all. She didn't address the market value of these products on the property, or the fact that they are not yet mature enough for the applicant to sell, which is why he hasn't shown a profit from them; or the fact that the definition of farm use specifically includes perennials that are not yet mature. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 16 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: In addition to arguing that all of these components constitute a farm use, we've also argued in the alternative that they constitute an agricultural use. This aspect of our argument was not addressed by the Hearings Officer at all other than through the statement that you just read, in which she ruled that agricultural use does not stand alone as part of the definition of farm use. However, agricultural use is listed outright as a permitted use in the MUA-10 zone, not as a part of a farm use. The term "agricultural use" is defined separately in the County Code to include any use of the land, whether for profit or not, related to the harvesting, selling, and raising of crops, or any other agricultural or horticultural use. The definition of agricultural use also includes the preparation and storage of the products raised on the land. If you look at the language in this definition, it is much broader than the definition of a farm use, in that it does not contain the requirement for the current employment of the land for the primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money. Instead, it says any use of the land related to the raising, harvesting and selling of crops. Certainly Mr. Brian's planting of a half -acre of one type of specialty perennial, valued currently at well over $100,000, his efforts to produce compost to support and grow these plants, and his business designed to market these plants, would fall within this broad definition. I think that because we applied for a commercial use in conjunction with farm use, which can only be approved if you find that there's a farm use first, the Hearings Officer did not address our argument that this entire operation could constitute a separate and outright permitted agricultural use. However, because this case is in code enforcement, it is vital to the applicant that he be given some answers as to what the County believes is a permissible use of the property and what it believes to be the non -permissible use of the property. There are no previous County decisions to give us any guidance in this area. The agricultural use section of the code is not an implementation of state law, so there are no LUBA cases or cases from other jurisdictions to provide guidance. We understand that a conditional use for a commercial activity in conjunction with farm use is not available unless you have a farm use. But there is no category for commercial use in conjunction with agricultural use. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 17 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: We believe that that either the applicant's entire operation is a farm use, that part of it is a farm use and part is a commercial use in conjunction with farm use, or that the entire operation is an agricultural use. We're asking today that you make a decision so that all the parties, including the applicant and the opponents and code enforcement, are clear about what can and cannot be done on the property. Karen's decision does not do that. Finally, with regard to the commercial activity in conjunction with farm use, if you should find that there is a farm use on this property, we are asking that the applicant be permitted to conduct on-site sales of the plant and landscape materials as a commercial use in conjunction with farm use. DEWOLF: On-site sales in an MMA -10 zone? LEWIS: Correct. As a commercial use in conjunction with farm use, if you find that there is a farm use. We are also asking that if you find that some of the components of the operation constitute a farm use while others do not, that those components we permitted as a commercial use in conjunction with farm use. Clearly, agriculture and farming have commercial components. To farm profitably a farmer needs to have employees, he needs to be able to market his product, and he needs to be able to store farm equipment and products on site. With the overlap of state law and the County code and the case law, it is difficult to tell where to draw the line between what is a farm use, what is an agricultural use, and what is a commercial use in conjunction with farm use. We're asking that you make a decision to give us some guidance on all of these components, because the practical effect of the Hearings Officer's decision is to penalize the applicant for abiding by code enforcement's instructions, to cease the activities on the property until this matter is resolved. Like you mentioned earlier, had he gone ahead and disked the compost into the property, Karen's finding that it's not the current employment of the land wouldn't be viable. But he was stopped in the middle of disking the compost into the property, tilling it over into the property, amending the soil. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 18 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: Essentially her decision said that had he gone ahead and planted the back five acres in trees and shrubs, and had he gone ahead and spread the compost around the property, then we would have a farm use. But he didn't do that because he was stopped in the middle of the process with a code enforcement complaint. Again, as we will show you today, we believe that the existing operation meets the definition of a farm use; or at a minimum that it meets the definition of an agricultural use. But if you should find that it does not, please provide us with some guidance as to what level of use, or what level of profitability, you believe would qualify for a farm use. Because right now there is nothing for anybody to go on. Otherwise, the applicant is left in a very difficult position. Lastly, I do want to reserve some time for rebuttal. The one thing I want to make clear is that the applicant is willing to work with the neighbors to try to resolve the issues with which they have difficulty. He has offered to build some agricultural structures to house the equipment, but they don't want their mountain views impacted. He's offered to plant trees along his property line to screen the use, but again they don't want their views impacted. He has also offered to relocate the compost piles, to reduce them in size, and to alter the operation to try to address the neighbors' concerns. We haven't yet been able to come up with an accommodation that is acceptable to the opponents, but we're not stopping. We will continue to try. This gentleman has his lifelong dream and his life savings invested in this property and in building this business. If we cannot find a way to resolve this through the current application, we will be back with another one, and we will continue to come back until we reach a satisfactory resolution. Before you open this for public testimony, the applicant would like to testify. LUKE: I have a question. Does this composting operation require a DEQ permit? LEWIS: It does, but they won't give us one until we get one from you. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 19 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LUKE: You said that about 70% of the current material comes from off the property. When the operation is in full swing, how much do you estimate will come from off the property? LEWIS: There still needs to be a small amount. I think the applicant can answer that question better than I can, but I think it will be about 20%. The reason is, to create high-quality compost you need a diversity of materials. You just can't generate all of that on one site unless you're doing ten different things. LUKE: Is this composting being done in the bag, like is done in Sunriver; or is it done open? LEWIS: Open. LUKE: Regarding the landscaping business, does the applicant have employees, and do they come to the site? LEWIS: He does, and they come to the site to work in the farming operation and also to assist him in loading the equipment to take to the landscaping operation. LUKE: So there is more than just the one vehicle that the applicant would have? LEWIS: I'll have the applicant answer those questions, as he is better at some of those factual details. LUKE: Does the applicant bring in landscaping materials from off the site that are then taken out as part of the landscaping business and resold or used in other locations? LEWIS: I think the applicant can answer your questions for fully. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 20 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 DALY: There is one issue that bothers me. The Hearings officer found that in the MUA- 10 zone, this operation doesn't meet the criteria for a commercial use in conjunction with a farm operation. How do you address that? LEWIS: One of the main reasons she said that it didn't meet the criteria is because it is not a farm use; so you can't have a commercial use in conjunction with a farm use without a farm use. The other reason she said it didn't meet the criteria was because it is not compatible with the surrounding properties. But what she didn't do when she addressed those criteria is address our offer to move those compost piles on the property, and to reduce them in size. DALY: Do you know what the surrounding uses are? LEWIS: Yes. It's rural residential. There are some farming operations going on, there are some residences, and there are actually some commercial businesses. LUKE: What type of commercial businesses? LEWIS: There's an aquatic pond supply business and a custom farming operation; the applicant and one of the presenters today will talk to you a little bit more about those and will submit some written documentation, such as advertisements for these businesses. There are probably three or four commercial businesses in the immediate area. Just so we can clear this up, Schilling Solar Cities Gardens is doing exactly what we are asking you for permission to do; to have retail customers come to the site in an EFU zone. GARY BRIAN: I own B & B Landscape Maintenance. My background is that I'm from southern California, and I attended Cal Poly Pomona. Upon graduation I went to work for the Irvine Company, running their wholesale nursery for four years. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 21 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 BRIAN: Then I went to work for Leisure World, and was put in charge for landscape nationwide for them for six years. I was in charge of their wholesale tree nurseries, landscaping of new projects, budgets for everything that their company did for landscaping. Shortly thereafter I decided that I needed to step out of working for somebody else, and needed to learn more things. I went to work for a big landscape contractor, and become their head estimator. This operation has been my lifelong dream, and I've been in this business for years. My entire life savings are invested in this property and everything that's there. If I can't do what I need to do on this property, I would lose my life savings as well as my livelihood. An honest decision is very important. Since I've owned this property, I've done a number of things to it. I upgraded the dilapidated barn; I rebuilt the homestead, which is now my office; I installed a new well and pump houses; and I expanded the pond. When I purchased this property, it had been sitting vacant. The fences were all run down, and the only thing the previous owners did was run cows on it, and the cows were running onto everyone else's property. Most of the property was run down. I removed all the hazardous fences and hazardous corrals. I installed new gates for security; cleaned up the entire property; installed some underground irrigation and new landscaping; and, per the commercial use of the property, allocated 25% into permanent landscaping. I started to install underground irrigation for my crops, but stopped because of this situation. I have the materials on site. The mother crop of irises was not sold, specifically because they were not the only things I needed to do. I had to get the crop large enough so that when I sold them I wouldn't run out of plant material. I started out with 1,700 plants, and now 8,000. Every time I divide them, they will divide approximately by ten. So that's how we arrived at these numbers. I had placed an order for 5,000 trees to plant in the back property. Due to having received a code violation that told me to cease, I don't know where I'm going. I don't want to keep investing money until someone gives me a decision. The composting operation has to be part of my operation; otherwise I have to go out and buy it. If I hauled in horse manure or if I have to have chips delivered, or if I make grass clippings or trim the trees that are going to be planted and put that material in the compost, it all has to be part of it to make compost. I will use that compost on site. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 22 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 It takes 540 yards of compost, four inches deep, to be incorporated in the soil, per acre. I have ten acres, with 8.4 acres of irrigation; and I want to utilize all of the land. I have one finished pile, and one pile that is bulk. My brother will bring up some more information when I finish. Chair DeWolf then reminded the applicant and others that time is limited and that it needs to move along quickly. The benefits of my operation are that I help agricultural people dispose of their waste, such as bad potatoes or dead hay. Others provide horse manure and other compost material. Down the street from me is Rafters J Bar Ranch; they have a pile of material. They all have been calling me from last year to find out if I could haul their material. I've had to tell them I don't know. There are a couple of reasons that I need to have my business and my home on the same property. The plant material is susceptible to deer damage, weather and vandalism. I also need to insure that all of the plants get adequate water. We have photos of several operations that my brother will submit. I would like the Board to come out and look at my operation, and determine that it is an agricultural use with a commercial sideline. LUKE: I have a question. What were you cited for? LEWIS: For operating a business on his premises without a permit. LUKE: You are insinuating that if we -- There's nothing that stops you from growing the irises and nursery stock on your place. If you compost material from your own site and use it on site, there's nothing in our code that stops that. So, the problem is when you bring the general public in, and when you sell that material off site. If you harvested it and take it to another nursery or other commercial operation, there's nothing again that; it's like a farmer harvesting his hay. The problem lies with bringing the general public in. Do you have employees for your landscaping business? • �. Yes. It's seasonal. In the peak season, the maximum I may have is six. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 23 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LUKE: Do they come to your site to either pick up vehicles or go with you to the jobs? BRIAN: Yes. One car comes, or maybe two at the most. LUKE: Do you bring in plant material that you use on other jobs to your site? BRIAN: No. LUKE: So if you are going to landscape, for instance, my home, you come to my home and you are going to use material that you don't grow, you're going to pick that up someone else first? Currently if I landscape somebody's yard, I can either go to Eastside Gardens or Cascade Gardens and buy it and take it to your property. LUKE: Do clients come to your place of business? Currently I've had a couple of people buy compost and irises from me. Because where I'm not where I want to be, I haven't done that. Iwe] :4 If you were where you want to be, would you have more than just a few clients coming to your site? I will have fewer clients than my neighbor's retail operation. In the previous hearing, Mr. Fitch said that I was noted throughout the county for composting. I've only sold compost to two different people. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 24 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LUKE: Testimony is that this won't happen anymore. That you will be using the compost all on site. Is that correct? BRIAN: I don't want it to be. I want to be able to make this part of my business. All the other nurseries in this county have composting operations. In the pictures that you will see -- FRANK BRIAN: I am Gary's brother. I own a piece of property down the street. There are couple of things I'd like to talk about. Originally in Mr. Fitch's statement, he said the iris beds are one-quarter acre, based on information from some of the locals. It is actually 20,000 square feet. We also have a list of the farm waste resources used in the compost pile, and we'll submit that. The measurements of the compost pile is approximately 31 feet by 8 feet by 274 feet; and in the middle of it, where it has already begun to reduce itself, it's down by four or five feet. We estimate a total of about 1,200 yards. According to the people that we've contacted, it takes about 504 yards per acre. We have information on the two customers that actually have bought compost from the property so far. We're also submitting the 2000 and 2001 list of major accounts of Gary's, which are basically farm accounts. He has done site preparation and pond development, and those kinds of things; and we'll show you who they are, and you can certainly contact them. You'll see that they constitute about a third of his business. Our position with that is that the original "guesstimate" that the compost pile was 90% or 99%, depending on which Mr. Fitch's statement you read, were landscape trash -- there isn't enough landscape trash developed off of what he does to do that. The majority of the material is farm waste. You're welcome to come and look at this. Also, we are submitting a list of the employees, on a biweekly basis, so you can see how many come and go. The only time there have been six employees there was one week in February, which was one week he was working on my property. Also, we will submit for the record a letter from Harold Rawlings (copy attached as Exhibit Q. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 25 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: I would like to add one thing briefly. I think that code enforcement is taking a different position about the compost that Paul (Blikstad) and Kevin (Harrison) taken here today. When we talked with them about the compost, they said that the compost was not permitted on the property without a permit, whether or not the materials came from the property or were put into the property. So, that's part of the reason we are here. That's why I feel like Mr. Brian is between a rock and a hard place, because what they believe to be a farm use, code enforcement does not. There's nothing that I can cite to them to rely on so that they believe that. LUKE: Before the others come up to speak, can DEQ tell us what their rules are? LINDA HAYES-GORMAN: I'm with the DEQ office in Bend. There is some overcross area for farming composting. The Department of Agriculture has primary jurisdiction over a compost operation. If materials are coming in from off-site to a compost facility that is a farming operation, the Department of Agriculture has oversight directly of that process. They are supposed to develop a compost operations plan and have contact with the farmer to make sure that the farmer is following regulations that are in state law. However, the authority to regulate flops back over to DEQ's area when there are more materials coming in from off the property than what is needed to make a good quality compost on site. So, for example, if he needs another 100 yards of nitrogen material such as grass to come in, he can bring that on to his property and not fall under DEQ regulations. But if he starts bringing in more than 100 yards of this material, say perhaps 300 or 400 yards, he starts to become a disposal site or a compost site. Then DEQ would come in to regulate. DEWOLF: Would there then be two agencies regulating this, or does it switch from one to the other? HAYES-GORMAN: It would switch. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 26 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LUKE: How do you determine if he is getting more material on site than he can use on site? If they are composting more than they can handle on site? HAYES-GORMAN: It's not so much the capacity that he can handle on site. LUKE: I mean, when the compost is all done and is spread out on site, it doesn't matter how much comes in from the inside as long as you need it all in the operation of the farm. HAYES-GORMAN: If he can use it all on his own site -- LUKE: Let's say that you create a 400 or 500 yards of compost on your site that you can't use on your site, and have to dispose of it some other way. That's when it kind of flips over? HAYES-GORMAN: That's the other instance where it will flip over to DEQ regulation. If he keeps it all on his own property, and he brings in supplemental feed stock so he can have a good blend, a good recipe, DEQ does not have to get involved; the Department of Agriculture does. We will get involved if it is sold off site. DALY: There's no prohibition from bringing in outside material, correct? HAYES-GORMAN: No, as you can use it properly. If the material is brought in to the site and it is not properly managed, or it's causing some sort of adverse impact to human health or the environment, then there would be regulation. Okay. But there is also no prohibition to selling that on site to people who want to buy it, right? Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 27 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 HAYES-GORMAN: There's no prohibition; it can be sold to anyone who wants to buy it. However, there is regulation of that, which would be a permit. As I believe was mentioned earlier, in order for the Department to permit Mr. Brian's operation regarding compost, we require that Deschutes County provide land use approval prior to that. That's where some of this pressure is coming in, to get a determination from you. LUKE: Does the applicant have a compost operation plan approved by the Department of Agriculture? LEWIS: No, he does not. We are currently waiting for this land use approval before we proceed with the regulatory agency process, either through DEQ or the Department of Agriculture. LUKE: Whether you have this or not, if the material is used on site, it sounds like you still have to have a compost operation plan approved by the Department of Agriculture; even before the land use or DEQ becomes involved. Is that true? LEWIS: If he is bring in material from off site, yes. DALY: If he uses them all on site, then are there any regulations at that point? LUKE: The Department of Agriculture regulates it. HAYES-GORMAN: The regulations for the Department of Agriculture getting involved is to make sure that the material is handled properly, and that they are not causing any adverse impact to human health or the waters of the state. The plan would also address things like odor control, impacts to the neighbors, dust, and things like that. DEWOLF: So, is the operation as it currently exists, with material being brought in from outside, in violation of the Department of Agriculture regulations? Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 28 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 HAYES-GORMAN: I'm not going to speak whether they are in violation of the Department of Agriculture, because I'm not familiar with how they implement their rules. If we're looking at it from the DEQ standpoint, to my knowledge Mr. Brian has ceased accepting material from off site since May, so he has been on hiatus. If he were to continue as he was doing before without a permit, he would be in violation. DEWOLF: So what he was doing before was in violation of DEQ regulations. LUKE: Because he was selling it. DEWOLF: No, because he was bringing the material in. HAYES-GORMAN: Both of you are correct. DALY: If he had a permit, he'd be okay. HAVES-GORMAN: You are correct, also. No matter what, he needs to be operating it in accordance with agreed-upon composting regulations of the state. RON BRYANT: I'm standing in for Ed Fitch, and I want to be clear that I'm not a land use lawyer. I think I can handle this today, however. First, I want to make sure I understand that the previous exhibits and testimony are part of the record. DEWOLF: Correct. BRYANT: I am asking that the record be kept open for ten days for any response so that Mr. Fitch will have an opportunity to review it all and file a response once he returns from out of state. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 29 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 BRYANT: I have five or six people who have asked to be able to talk about the impact of this operation. I reviewed the Hearings Officer's decision, and obviously it is no surprise to you that we feel the decision is right on point. This is not a farm use, he does operate a wholesale nursery, doesn't have a license for it nor has he applied for one; and that the growing of grass on the property that he claims is used for composting is not accurate. The testimony in the previous hearing was that it just lay there. The big issue is the commercial activity. Really, what we have here is a landscaping operation, pure and simple. When you go back and look at it, that's what the Hearings Officer found. She found that basically the growing of irises, the growing of the hay, and none of that constitutes a farm use related to any kind of business or commercial use. I think that decision is pretty well in keeping with the testimony and with what she found. The real issue is what his business is. The number of vehicles -- when you go out there to look at it, you'll see there are all kinds of pieces of equipment and all kinds of landscaping vehicles, all of which have to do with operating a business from that location and not on that location. It's in violation of code. The main issue is that compost pile. If you haven't seen it, it is huge in size, and is only sixty feet away from the Pankey's property. Sixty feet is not very far, and it's nearly as high as the eaves on their house. It's open, and most of the stuff comes to that site from off site. The potatoes, the horse manure, tree limbs and landscaping clippings and those kinds of things -- very little comes to that compost pile from on site. The size of the compost pile and its location creates numerous problems for people in the area. There are photographs that show that it's a dust problem, especially when the grinding is going on. The dust is so thick it covers and blinds the Pankey house from view. You're going to hear that it has or could have disease in it. Secondly there is a serious health issue. Mrs. Pankey was in very good health until they began doing this compost, and she now has serious respiratory problems, for the last year or so. When he had to cease the grinding so there was less dust, over the last few months she is not having any health problems. Those health problems are directly related. We have a consultant here today to talk about composting, and the problem with that compost pile as it now exists, in regard to health and disease issues. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 30 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 BRYANT: Finally, they need to submit a business plan. I suggest to you that Mr. Brian has bee out there for four years and has great credentials and is knowledgeable, but at same time he hasn't done anything that we can see that is in accordance with the law. He originally started out I think in Deschutes River Woods, and had no license or permit, and was forced to leave that area and come to where he is. And while he may have had an attorney's opinion, I haven't seen it. The fact is there are other uses that require or should require permits, and he should have known this. Whether they were from the Department of Agriculture or DEQ for composting and the regulation of nursery stock, none of them have been done. He just started his operation and runs his business out of that location, which he clearly should know is not an agricultural business. If you go back to look at the testimony, look at what was represented by them at the previous hearing, and in fact what the findings were. The number of employees is a lot higher, the amount of area where the irises are planted is substantially less, and the fact that he claims he put the cutting of the grass on mulch pile, when they just leave it laying out in the field. I could continue on, because they are in there. The issue we have is no matter what, whether he would follow through. Ms. Lewis said that he has contacted the neighbors to try to work out how to mitigate all this; everyone one of the neighbors testifying will say they never heard from him. As a matter of fact, if there was anything from him at all, it was totally ignoring them and the issues they raised. There has never been any attempt to resolve this issue with the neighbors. Whether he has tried it with agencies, I don't know. But the neighbors have not participated in any of that. Finally, I want to emphasize. If you make a determination somehow that this approval should be granted, the removal of the compost piles is an absolute necessity. If is going to work there, it needs strict regulations. Nobody is arguing about his ability to be able to plant and grow irises, trees and hay. The problem is operating his landscaping businesses out of there, with all of the trucks and vehicles and employees coming and going; and the compost pile. Those are the problems. Whatever restrictions you put on him, they need to be extremely strict because we're not sure they'd be complied with. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 31 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LUKE: The legislature adopted right to farm legislation. Deschutes County has adopted right to farm legislation. If the compost material that comes from his property is used on the property, that is well within any farm use. BRYANT: I agree, but if you look at it, that ten acres can't even begin to create but a small amount of the existing compost pile. No one out there would argue at all if everything that he wanted to compost came from his property, and he bought appropriate kinds of nutrients to supplement it. M Taking into consideration the testimony you've read and heard, do you think that he can get this legalized; is there something here that he cannot legalize so he can get to a point where it could be legal? BRYANT: I don't think he'd be able to legalize the compost pile as it exists today, or even if it was one-tenth its size. I don't think you could legalize it in that location. DALY: Do you think that current land use law does not allow him to bring in outside material to compost on this property, if he had the permits from DEQ and the Department of Agriculture? I realize perhaps he hasn't been the best neighbor. '�Z I wish I could tell you I know the answer. This probably falls under DEQ and Department of Agriculture rules, particularly as it relates to the size of the compost pile. What is there now is absolutely disproportionate to the total size of the property. TIM EWALT: (He brought in a container of compost, and photos of the compost pile. The Board accepted the photos, which are attached as Exhibit D. The Board declined to accept the container of compost due to problems with storing it with the record. Mr. Ewalt said he wanted to take it to the state anyway for testing purposes. He also submitted a letter and attachments from Central Oregon Irrigation District - attached as Exhibit E.) Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 32 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 EWALT: I live at 8437 SW 77th Street. My property borders Mr. Brian's property on his north border. I am actively engaged in farming and ranching, and do custom farming, work fields, and do hay; I also raise livestock and hay on my property. I'm the commercial operation they talked about. DALY: Do you keep your equipment for your custom farming business on your property? EWALT: Not very much, but I'll have it on there once in a while. It's on an EFU property. Also, I'm on the Deschutes County Farm Bureau Board of Directors, and have lived on this property since 1984. This operation should not be on MUA property, as it has been going on as a commercial business. There's a small patch of irises planted on the property, which is acting as a front for an agricultural business. The landscape maintenance business is a commercial business, and should be run on a commercial or industrial property. The composting operation also should be on commercial or industrial property. The contents of the compost pile were hauled in by commercial businesses, such as High Country Disposal and Trees, Inc.; and grass clippings and garbage remnants are from a commercial business, which is Gary Brian's business. He has stated that he will use the compost his on property, but has only used a small portion, about 5%. He claims he has not been using it on his jobs or selling it, but this has been proved different. Information has been given to Linda Larsen of the County by a person who was sold some of the compost. I checked with this person, and he stated that the County had not contacted him about this. He's one of the other ones besides the two on the list. This makes this a commercial business. The material is not generated on the property, so it does not constitute an agricultural use. In the previous hearing, the Hearings Officer found that the Brian property appeared level and there is no run off from his property is likely. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 33 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 EWALT: Contrary to this statement, Mr. Brian has been put on notice on several occasions that his irrigation water was run onto my property. I have animals grazing on my property and do not want this wastewater running onto my property after it has run through his compost, which has potential of disease and contaminants in it. My animals could drink this and become sick. If this is allowed and my animals come down with disease, the County will be dealt with first, and then I will deal with Gary Brian. The next item to address is the water issue. Where is Mr. Brian going to get the water for the amount of trees he said he's going to plant? This is a rotation water system we're on, and Mr. Brian gets approximately 48 hours of water a week. If he is planning to steal what he needs from the other residents on the system as he has been doing on the past -- DEWOLF: Can you prove that? EWALT: He's been caught stealing water. DEWOLF: Can you prove this? Has he been prosecuted for theft? EWALT: No. DEWOLF: Then I would prefer that this not be stated. Again, I don't want to hear any disparaging comments made. IXV.%v" He has a well on his property, which is for domestic use only. Who will patrol this from happening? We don't need to have a person who cannot be trusted playing on the ways of our lives. LUKE: Again, you need to quit that. No personal attacks, please. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 34 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 EWALT: I'm done. SHARON PANKEY: I live to the east of Mr. Brian. I feel this puts our quality of life in great jeopardy. I have had two respiratory infections, which started when he first started to grind the compost. I was put on inhalers, but I had never had anything like this prior to that. This year I haven't had one, but he hasn't ground anything. LUKE: Have you been to a physician regarding this? PANKEY: I have been to both the Bend Memorial Clinic and Dr. Detwiler in Redmond on two different occasions. They diagnosed an upper respiratory infection. They didn't know if it was of a viral nature, but they put me on inhalers. I couldn't stop coughing and had a problem breathing, and had a wheeze and rattle in my airway. I'm not here to bash or batter anyone, nor are any of my neighbors. We've lived with respect for our neighbors out there all of these years, and we've had no problems. We feel very strongly about this issue. No one has tried to resolve these issues with us. That's why we are here today. We didn't come here with any hidden agenda; we came here to try to protect the quality and environment of our community, where we live. That's the only reason we are here. We have no objection to Mr. Brian growing the trees or irises, but we really believe that you need to go out and look first-hand at this. We're not saying he doesn't run a neat operation, or that he's not a hard worker, or that he doesn't do right by his clients. This isn't the issue. We feel that this is hazardous to our area, and that it shouldn't be there. We feel that the commercial business should have its place elsewhere. Not the growing of the trees or the flowers, that's not a problem with any of us. That's not a concern. And I have heard people throw out all these case numbers; to me, this is unique within itself. You can't compare us to all of us other people. This is an individual situation with the people who live in the area. None of us would have come here if we had not been pushed to the maximum, and felt we have to stand up to try to protect our community. That is the only reason we're here. We're not here for Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 35 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 profit or loss, any of those things. We're trying to protect where we live, so we can indeed live and be healthy. PANKEY: I have some pictures (attached as Exhibit F), and this is just on a windy day. It shows the dust and stuff blowing on to our place and the neighboring place across from us, bordering Young Avenue. I think that if you look at this overall picture, it's not of whether we're against his planning and doing as he chooses to do there. We have no qualms with that whatsoever. I think that it is very important in making this decision that you look at the health and welfare of people, not just the profit part of it. That's all I have to say. DALY: I have one question. Is it your testimony that the dust that's shown in these pictures is coming directly from the compost pile, or maybe from the fields? PANKEY: (Off microphone). It's right there at the compost pile. That's just a normal windy day. LUKE: And the pile is located how far from your property? PANKEY: (Off microphone) It's probably about sixty feet from the property, and not much further than that from our house. LUKE: For the record, there are two of these pictures that show a very large pile. Your testimony is these are pictures of the compost pile on his property? PANKEY: (Off microphone.) Yes. DIANE VEELEY: We live just west of Mr. Brian's property. It seems to me that Mr. Brian was caught running a commercial business from his property. Now he is saying he has irises, which no one disagrees with. I contacted the Department of Agriculture, and they said that even if he has not sold any of these irises but plans to, either Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 36 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 through his landscape business or off site, he needs to have a grower's or retailer's permit. They have nothing on record. LUKE: You have to have a permit to grow irises? VEELEY: I was told that if you are growing a crop in the ground with the intent to sell it, wholesale, retail or through a landscape business, then you need a grower's permit. That's to grow the irises to sell. DALY: What about wheat or barley? I never heard of this. VEELEY: Any crop. Basically he said any crop in the ground. DEWOLF: You're making your point, but it is being questioned. You should get a letter from the Department of Agriculture that would clarify your position to enter into the record. VEELEY: Also, every time that I'm reading about the value of the irises, it keeps changing, along with some others things in his testimony. First, the applicant said they are worth $6,400 retail value, now it's changed to a different number. I ask that you go back and review this. First he stated that he has been putting his grass clippings from the back five acres into the debris pile. But he has a rotary mower, which we have seen him use. We've never seen him put the clippings onto the pile. He doesn't have the equipment to collect it. To me, you need some sort of rake to get it in windrows and then pick it up. I guess I'm asking, does he go out and hand rake it and take it to the pile? In the latest letter, it kind of touches on fact that he is growing hay. I wondering which is he doing, is he growing hay to sell or is he growing grass to put on his pile? Either was I haven't seen this happening, because he has no equipment, nor have we witnessed any equipment being brought on to his property to do that. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 37 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 VEELEY: He stated earlier that he moved in there in 1997, and started his business along with his farm. I have spoken with some of his past neighbors, and he has run this commercial business prior to 1997 from another residential location. He also states that that's when he started his farm. According to his calculations that his plants would have ten fans in two years, at the last hearing he said that each plant now has ten fans; that would mean that he only started his iris patch about two years ago versus 1997. My other question is that he keeps referring to his wholesale landscape business. To me, when you go out to a customer's home or place of business, I don't know what makes that wholesale, versus what would make it retail. Maybe somebody can clarify this. LUKE: Retail is Fred Meyer, Wal-Mart, and Costco, where you walk in and pay retail; as opposed to wholesale. VEELEY: So what's the difference with a landscape business? To me, wholesale would be selling to another business. DEWOLF: And what does it matter? What is your point? VEELEY: It really doesn't. Other than it just doesn't make any sense to me. I'm trying to make sense of it. DEWOLF: What matters to us is whether this is an allowed use or should be an allowed use. Whether he is making money as a wholesaler or retailer I don't think is relevant. VEELEY: So I guess what I wanted to state is that we don't care that he grows irises or trees; that's fine. We care about the compost because we do feel -- and we've had other opinions of consultants that say it is a health hazard -- he has a commercial business that is not allowed -- I guess if you look at the whole scope of how many vehicles and off site trailers that uses for his mowers, versus how much of his Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 38 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 property is really being used for a farm, it just doesn't add up. The maintenance part of his business is much greater than the farm part. LARRY PANKEY: My wife, Sharon and I live to the east of Mr. Brian's property. When Mr. Fitch was here at the last meeting we had, he quoted the State of Illinois as having restrictions on composting. You can't be within 600 feet of any property line. This pile of crap he's got is 60 feet from our property line, and probably 100 feet from our door. If nothing else, maybe people need to just make some rulings on composting, some guidelines that people can go by and live with. It is impossible to live with this the way that it is. When he grinds this stuff, you cannot go outside. That's all I have to say. LUKE: How big is your place? PANKEY: Five acres. We have a cow and a calf. DALY: If the compost pile was moved to the center of the property, and he complied with the rules of the DEQ and Department of Agriculture, and it is determined that the law allows this, can you live with it? PANKEY: There's no way he could move it anywhere on his property so that it would be 600 feet away from any of his neighbors. Maybe 200 feet, and that would be stretching it. DALY: I don't know that the law will allow it at this point. PANKEY: There may be no laws regulating this. LUKEK: It sounds like the Department of Agriculture and the DEQ have rules. But anyone can compost their own material on their property. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 39 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 PANKEY: There are probably 3,000 yards of stuff piled there now. That's 300 ten -yard dump trucks. It is 276 long, 31 feet wide, and 8 feet high. It's not yet ground up, so it goes into the air when they grind it. There's a dairy just one-half mile away, and I'd worry about potential contamination of the milk. MARY BUSH: My husband, Frank, and I live north of the property. I want to state that I wrote a letter; my husband was home when they did this grinding, and he said that from our house on a normal day you can see Pankey's house. When they grind, you can't see their house; it covers it in dust that much. To me there has to be some kind of air quality issue here. People and animals should not have to breathe that in. Also, and I don't know the rules on this but it needs to be considered; all the plants he wants to plant, where is the water coming from? We're on rotation, and I'm the last one. In the winter we only get water once a month if it allowed at all. I've heard that they may quit stock runs in the winter. That's all I have to say. MARVIN MARJAMA: I've been a farmer here for 23 years. Our main crop is certified seed potatoes. Gary has from time to time taken our cull piles and incorporated them into his composting operation. LUKE: How far away from his property do you live? MARJAMA: I'm about two or three miles north. I'm not impacted by what goes on there, but I've been there many times. Honestly, never seen any dust coming off these piles. I see soil moving all the time off farming ground in this area. When you break the ground loose, it will move. We have people mad at us all the time when we till soil in Central Oregon, because it's light, and moves on the wind really easily. We've all seen these things. If you can add compost to soil, you can mitigate that problem. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 40 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 MARJAMA: There been a lot said about the size of the compost pile. Mr. Daly in his business probably knows that if you spread a big pile of anything, biomass or gravel or whatever, over 10 acres, you won't be able to find it. It's not that big of a pile. Even if it is 3,000 yards, at 500 yards to the acre, he hasn't got enough out there to do the property even once. And this is an ongoing thing; you can't just add compost once to this soil. You have to keep adding it all the time. In regards to the hay clippings, it's not necessary to put that hay on the compost pile. When it is tilled in, that organic matter goes back into soil. That's the best use for it. There's been some talk about the multiplication factors in irises. I grow certified seed potatoes. I start with a box of 30 to 40 pounds of mini tubers. These come from Oregon State University. In four years we have about 20 acres of potatoes from that one box of tubers; and it takes four years before we have anything to sell. The fact that he hasn't been selling the irises, I can fully understand. You can't take something very valuable, plant it one year and sell it. You have to multiply it to get a profit at the end of the third and fourth years. I could say more, but I know that time is an issue. KELLY WALKER: I have a masters in science from New Mexico University. I did my thesis on composting. I'm a member of the U.S. Composting Council and an independent consultant and elected member of the Soil and the Deschutes Water Conservation District. What I'm hoping to do is give an objective opinion based on science and based on my experience. I am a proponent of composting. I am someone who has devoted much of my life to this practice and concept. Although I haven't been on the site, I really think from viewing the site from the road, and from what I've heard, I think there are definitely some problems. I can go into those. I also think there are some potential solutions. There are methods to solve virtually any problem in composting. Although I do agree that there should be a right to compost under certain conditions, there are methods that are recognized industry -wide. I gave some of Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 41 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 those in a letter that I submitted. Again, I think there are simple, realistic and practical ways to reduce nuisance problems. WALKER: It's a very common scenario for neighbors to come forward and complain about composting operations. However, this type of situation is rare in a composting operation that is intensively managed. It is also rare when the operator is following guidelines and standards that are accepted and recognized by the industry; and when there is an effort made to talk with neighbors and work with them to deal with their concerns. My recommendations would be along those lines. A plan should be made to take into account the possibility of blowing material from the compost, which does have recorded potential health hazards. The materials that I've heard are being used here, and I know DEQ would agree with this, are not high on the list as, for example, biosolids would be as potential human pathogens. However, there is still the potential for human pathogens to be in that material. You can even look at the possibility of yard debris, such as grass trimmings and that kind of thing; there could be fecal matter in it from pets. There's always a possibility. There's a type of fungus that can even be in ground yard debris. To me the issue is not necessarily what's in the compost to start with, but what is being done to reduce it and what is being done to keep it out of the air and people's lungs. There are some simple ways to do this. One of the things that I've been involved in with the Deschutes Soil and Water Conservation District has been writing up a remote site community composting business plan. In this we can give some recommendations and some guidance. We've been instrumental in the Sunriver composting project, bringing the ag bag system in, which is an in -vessel or contained system. That would be possibly an option for this operation, considering its proximity to residences. Even a static system would be an improvement. LUKE: The bag system is a lot quicker, too, according to testimony from Sunriver. WALKER: It is. Anytime you have a forced aeration system, it's going to be quicker. To give you an idea, the EPA requires an open windrow system to maintain a temperature of 131 degrees Fahrenheit for at least fifteen days with at least five turnings during high temperature periods. For an in -vessel system, it's only three days at that temperature. There is a possibility of putting something in -vessel; even a static Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 42 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 operation, in other words one that's not turned but is aerated by forced air, is another possibility. WALKER: Based on what I've seen and what I've heard, I think there are some nuisance issues. There are some potential risks to human health, and there are also some potential solutions in some ways to work with this problem. Again, I'm not here to comment on legal issues or even medical issues to any depth. To me, it is a question of management practices. The history of composting shows that well-managed operations are the only ones that succeed in the long run. Operations that do not consider the opinions of the neighbors, be they right or wrong, are not the ones that survive. Fortunately, in my view there are some things that can be done to minimize the nuisances. DEWOLF: There are a couple of things here. From your perspective you aren't commenting on what should or shouldn't be allowed, but it sounds to me like if, in fact, this were to be approved, there are standard ways that this could be dealt with to minimize the issues that the neighbors brought up. WALKER: In my opinion, yes. What I'm saying is that I observed some problems or perhaps management practices that are not being implemented that I feel are causing the problem with the neighbors. Had these things been addressed, I feel fairly confident that the neighbors wouldn't have come out in force to oppose it. I feel that if some of these things had been done in the first place, and particularly the social issue of going to the neighbors and working with them and winning their support, that we probably wouldn't be here today. LUKE: I've read some information on this that you have to be careful using grass clippings, because of fertilizers, pesticides and weed killers that might be found in it. If the moisture that is used to create this process is leaving the property, is there a chance that these chemicals also end up on other properties? WALKER: There's a whole mixture of different chemicals that are in use. A majority of them can be broken down, and that is particularly accelerated by a composting process. By a composting process, in my opinion and in the opinion of most composters, there are certain things that need to happen that have to do with a certain Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 43 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 percentage of moisture, temperature, and so on. So most of them would be broken down. WALKER: If you're not properly composting, there's less of a potential for them to break down. Additionally, there are some herbicides, for example, that have been causing some trouble recently because they are not breaking down. LUKE: By breaking down, does that mean that they are no longer a threat because of the composting process? WALKER: Right. Microbes in the compost break them down into carbon dioxide and water and harmless form. LUKE: If they are not being composted correctly, they may not be breaking down? WALKER: I wouldn't say they aren't. I'd say it just takes longer. Again, it depends on which substance you're talking about. There are some that break down more readily. It gets to be a complicated picture, but in general the better process control one has in composting, the more thoroughly they are going to break down. AUDIENCE MEMBER: (Off the microphone) If the majority of the material is generated off site and brought there, there's no way of knowing what is in it. DEWOLF: I would guess that's probably true. WALKER: That's correct, but if proper standards are followed, from the EPA and the state level, this can be addressed. AUDIENCE MEMBER: (Off the microphone) Would you consider this a compost pile, or an unfinished pile of refuse and debris? Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 44 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 WALKER: From my standpoint as an industry professional, from what I've seen, certain things need to be done to make this a composting operation. It's difficult unless I really extensively tour the site. If the property temperature and moisture is not maintained, it is essentially stockpiled materials. Composting is a controlled biological process, and is something that is managed. FRANK BRIAN: Has he been to the property, and actually viewed the finished compost as well as the raw material? DEWOLF: He explained he has viewed it but has not been on the property. FRANK BRIAN: Would he like to visit it? WALKER: I'll be around. I saw a sample of the soil. DALY: Are you familiar with the rules of the DEQ and the Department of Agriculture regarding composting? WALKER: In a cursory manner, as I have the fact sheets; but not in depth. DALY: Do you feel that if he complied with the rules of both agencies, would this address the problem? Are the rules of those agencies going along the lines of what you feel would be a professional composting operation? WALKER: That's a tough question. Again, not having an extensive legal background, I just returned from an industry composting conference in San Francisco; and one thing I learned there is that among the three Pacific states - Oregon, Washington and California - in some ways, Oregon is the most lenient when it comes to composting standards. As I understand it, compost is treated as a solid waste. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 45 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 WALKER: I don't know if I could say that, if I were asked to manage the compost, if they followed the letter of the law that I'd be really comfortable that the highest quality product is going to come out. But, I would say that there are some things that are fairly simple to do that would greatly improve the process. NANCY REYNOLDS: I'm here on behalf of Gary Brian. He is a client of mine. I provide bookkeeping and payroll services for him. I'm on his property at least once or twice a month, and have been since 1999. Parking on his property and walking around the compost pile, and being on the facility has never caused a problem for me. The reason I'm testifying is because I'm a severe asthmatic, and Gary's compost pile has never triggered a severe asthmatic reaction in me. I'm allergic or hypersensitive to dust, molds and mildews, and I was on the property when he was grinding and did not have an asthma attack. I do have to keep a nebulizer with me at all times. I brought documents with me to put into the record explaining my trips to the emergency room for asthma attacks because my medications sometimes can't control it. So I can submit those medical records as well. I do have scarred lung tissue, and have fought pneumonia and bronchitis for about 35 years. I feel strongly that Mr. Brian's compost pile doesn't present a hazard. I do have some of his compost on my property, and have been elbows deep in it in my flowerbeds, strawberry beds and my garden. I've never had an asthmatic reaction to it whatsoever. To me that is indicative that it does not have mold, mildew or fungus in it. On a second note, I have another document I'd like to submit as well. This is just in conversation with Mr. Brian and opportunity to read the hearings documents and read a transcription of the hearing. I'll keep this very brief. Of the four neighbors that Mr. Brian has surrounding his property, the neighbors to the west, Mr. and Mrs. Vale, do run Aqua Garden Supply out of their home on Young Avenue. It is listed in the Qwest directory at 7979 SW Young Avenue, with a phone number for their garden supply business. I don't know at this time if those folks have a conditional use permit to run their operation, but they are running it there. According to Mr. Brian, he has seen vehicles there seven days a week. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 46 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 REYNOLDS: I won't go through the embodiment due to time constraints, but I would like to touch base on a couple more items. To the west of Mrs. Vale's property, and I've seen this myself, there is a huge horse arena. When the dust kicks up, I've seen the dust come from the arena, across the Vale's property, across Gary's property, and down to the Pankey's property. I've been on site and have seen this happen. Now I can safely say that a lot of the dust they see has come from that arena. There are photographs submitted with Mr. Brian's business plan that show the arena and show the properties involved. On to Mr. and Mrs. Bush's testimony, Mr. Brian had asked Mr. Bush why they had signed a complaint. Mr. Bush responded that Mrs. Pankey said it's a health issue. We can sympathize with that because I have serious health issues as well. Regarding the neighbors to the northeast, Mr. and Mrs. Ewalt, there are photographs in the record that show Mr. Ewalt's property. He has cattle on the property within approximately twenty feet of his home. If you look at the photographs, they are Holsteins, and I'm sure he brings some cattle on site. If he is worried about disease coming onto his property, it could be from purchasing cattle off site; it could be from a lot of reasons, notwithstanding his concerns over the residue from water drainage from the compost. LUKE: Does the water from the compost leave his property? Does it go to the other property? Have you seen that? REYNOLDS: There's no irrigation water hitting the compost. And where the compost sits at the front of the property, it's about 500 feet away from Mr. Ewalt's property. LUKE: My question is, have you seen water leave the compost pile and leave the property? REYNOLDS: No. I have not. And I can sympathize with the neighbor to the east, Mrs. Pankey, regarding respiratory problems. I understand that because I have lived with it most of my life. According to Mr. Brian, Mrs. Pankey never indicated prior to his grinding the compost that she had respiratory illnesses. She was observed by Mr. Brian burning her fields this spring. If her respiratory problems were an issue, burning a field should cause a severe problem. (She then submitted a set of documents, attached as Exhibit G.) Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 47 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 TIM EWALT: Mr. Brian has piled some of the compost near his pond, and the water could flow over and could run on to my property. It does run through some of his compost, but not the compost pile. He is proposing to put four to eight inches of this compost on his property where he wants to put these trees. If he lets the water flow over, it will come on to my property. LUKE: By the same token, he could put spread manure in that same area. The point is, people are supposed to keep their water on your own property. DEWOLF: I'm trying to get this wrapped up. (To Tia Lewis) If no one else wishes to speak, could you close up with what you want to say? What I'm going to ask is that if anyone has any additional information that they'd like to submit to do so in writing. We'll leave the record open for ten days, after which time the applicant will have an additional seven days to respond to whatever has been put into the record. LUKE: Does the applicant charge anyone for bringing material on to his property? BRIAN: No. LEWIS: The answer is no. I'll do my best to be brief. I found the letter I was referring to that is from the attorney, and I'll submit that during the time period that the record is open. Today is first I've heard of the requirement of a permit from the Department of Agriculture. Our understanding is that the regulatory agency was the DEQ. Were not opposed to getting a permit if necessary. Mr. Brian does have a license for the nursery. It's not a part of the record at this time, but we will submit it into the record. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 48 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: I'd like people to understand that when they talk about grinding, Mr. Brian has ground the processed pile one time in four years. He only needs to grind one every two to three years. Now, if he made the pile smaller, he would need to grind more often in order to get the pile smaller. We're not talking about a grinding operation that occurs on a regular basis. This is one time every couple of years. In response to the opponents' indications that we have never tried to work with the neighbors, that's simply not true. It is in the record where we have offered to build buildings to house equipment and to put up trees along the property line. Both of those offers were turned down, specifically by Mrs. Pankey, as she did not want her views impacted. The case that I was referring to indicating that all material from a compost operation does not need to be generated on site is J & D Fertilizers, found at 20 Oregon LUBA 44, and was affirmed in 1990. I understand Mrs. Pankey's concerns regarding her health issues. As you know, this is an agricultural zone and the purpose of this zone is to protect agricultural uses. We certainly do not mean to diminish anybody's concerns about what is going on, but as some of the submissions will show, there are a lot of agricultural uses occurring in this area. Dust, noise and those types of things are generated by agricultural uses. It's part of the reason that we have so much legislation protecting agricultural uses. There is no evidence that Mr. Brian's operation has caused any damage, environmental, health related or otherwise. In fact, the DEQ reports that are in the file indicate that DEQ has been on site. They have investigated that compost pile, and looked at the material in it. There's a report attached to our supplemental burden of proof statement that was issued by Ms. Hayes -Gorman with regard to her results of that investigation. I'm very respectful of Mr. Walker's background and his position, but he has not been on site; nor has he contacted us to come on site. We appreciate somebody coming to give an objective opinion, but if they want to give an objective opinion, I think they should listen to both sides of the story and see the material. Had he contacted the applicant, the applicant would have offered to have him come on site to look at this material. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 49 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 LEWIS: In fact, the applicant's brother just offered to do it right now. We would be very interested in hearing what those measures are that he says could be done to reduce some of the concerns. He said he believes there are some ways to reduce the conflict between the neighbors. We'd like to hear some of the specifics about that, and we'll take a look at any written material that he submitted into the file. We'd really like to hear what those may be, other than an in -vessel system. LUKE: Where is the DEQ letter? LEWIS: The DEQ letter is attached to my letter to Paul Blikstad that's dated October 23, 2001. It's one of the exhibits. I think that when people start asking where the irrigation water is coming from to irrigate this nursery, that's where you are getting some of the background as to where these complaints arose. We believe that the entire process here, the entire code enforcement, was related to a dispute involving irrigation water that happened several years ago. I have not let Mr. Brian or any of the people speaking for him talk to those issues because I don't believe it's relevant in the land use process. He has 8.4 acres of irrigation rights and is entitled to irrigation water. Lastly, I will say that there is a lot of land zoned for farm use in Deschutes County. For many years it has been - and still is - pretty difficult for farmers to make a profit, particularly on the smaller parcels that are prevalent in both the EFU and WA -10 zones. Because it does not appear that these properties will be rezoned anytime soon, farmers in this county are finding ways to make their farms profitable. One of the ways they've found to do this is directly related to improving the quality of the soil by applying high quality compost to the soils. These soils can be made viable, both by improving the nutrients in the soil and improving the water retention capacity. This is true not only for Mr. Brian's operation but for farmers growing crops such as seed potatoes, mint crops, hay and alfalfa. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 50 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 DEWOLF: I don't think anyone is questioning the value of compost. What is being questioned here is the composting at this location. I'm only stating that because I think we all agree that composting is a good thing, and it helps enrich soils and helps things to grow. That's not what is being questioned here. LEWIS: The point I want to make with that is that to generate high quality compost, you need a diversification of materials. If the only way you can have composting as a farm use is if all of those materials, every single ounce of the materials in your compost pile, come from on site, you're going to severely restrict the ability of farmers in this county to generate compost and apply it to their properties. The last thing I'll say is that the stated purposes of the MUA-10 zone are to preserve and maintain agricultural land that is not suited for full-time commercial farming, for diversified and part-time agricultural use. That's what this operation is. LUKE: I have another problem, and it's the fact that the landscaping business is there. The farm operation can function quite well all by itself. I kind of reject the argument that if we don't approve all this, that his whole life savings are gone. Because if the money is not from landscaping other people's houses, it's from growing the crops and harvesting and selling the crops. You can do that on a wholesale basis, not retail. You might want to address that while the record is open. And please make sure I get a copy of the DEQ letter. DEWOLF: I'm going to leave the record open for ten days. My thought is to close the public, oral testimony and leave the record open for ten days. CRAGI IEAD: I'm assuming that the Board members are not intending to do any site visits. DEWOLF: If we do a site visit, we would put in a written report about what we observed at the site within the next ten days, so that it could be responded to. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 51 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 CRAGHEAD: If you're doing a site visit, you might want to leave the record open a bit longer so both sides can do a rebuttal of that information. Also, just for information, it would be a written report and no other evidence would be submitted by the Board, such as photos. All three Commissioners indicated they would likely do a drive-by of the site or a site visit during the next seven days. CRAGHEAD: If you leave the record open for ten days, are your plans to leave the record open for another seven days for rebuttal by the applicant? DEWOLF: Here's what I'm looking at. We're going to have any site visit reports that the Commissioners will submit in no later than 5:00 p.m. next Monday (March 25). The written record will be open for a total of ten days, until 5:00 p.m. on March 28. So the only thing that would not already be in the record would be three short descriptions of what we observed. RON BRYANT: I think you should leave it open more than the three days beyond, as we may have comments on it. I want to make sure that when Mr. Fitch gets back that he has adequate time to review this information. DEWOLF: We'll have our information in by next Monday. How about we leave the written record open until the following Monday (April 1). Then the Monday after that (April 8) would be the final date for you (to Tia Lewis) to rebut anything. That's 21 days from now. We'll have any site visit reports in within seven days; the written record for everyone will be open for a total of 14 days; and an additional 7 will be for the applicant's rebuttal. That's a total of 21 days from now. That will be Monday, March 25, Monday, April 1 and Monday, April 8. BLIKSTAD: The written decision needs to be done by April 26. If you deny this, you simply uphold the Hearings Officer's decision. If you approve it, we'll ask the applicant's attorney to write the decision. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 52 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 DEWOLF: We'll likely make our decision sometime in mid-April. DALY: It appears to me that counsel is asking, whether this application is approved or denied, that other issues be answered; isn't that correct? LEWIS: I really am. That's because we're in code enforcement. For everyone's benefit and to prevent future disputes, we all want to know what you consider to be a farm use or an agricultural use - what is the permissible use of the property. If you don't think he could have the landscaping operation there but you do believe he can have the compost operation, or vice versa, we need some guidance. These people are having ongoing disputes. If you don't give us some guidance, what is going to happen is Mr. Brian is going to be left to make the call on his own, and his neighbors might say, "no, that isn't allowed", and we'll be right back here all over again. DEWOLF: We will work with our planning staff on those issues, and if there are things that seem like we can appropriately answer, we'll do so. And if there are things that we can't, then we won't. DALY: It would be helpful to me if you would list the specific questions you want answered. I think this would also be helpful to staff. LEWIS: Okay. Being no further discussion, Chair Tom DeWolf closed the meeting at 5:45 p.m. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 53 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 DATED this 18th Day of January 2002 for the Deschutes County Board of Commissioners. Tom DeWolf, Chair De nis R. Luke, Commissioner ATTEST: mi. A qX&�A- Mi a y ael M. D, Co missioner UAk- Recording Secretary Attachments Exhibit A: Opening statement, two pages. Exhibit B: Includes information on iris crops, measurements of iris beds, compost pile measurements, sources of farm waste products, customers who purchase compost, major customer sales, weekly employment information, letter of support for Mr. Brian from John Shepard, letter from Tia Lewis of Merrill O'Sullivan, B & B Landscape Operations Business Plan, letter from Department of Justice regarding composting facilities and land use; and information on composting. Exhibit C: Letter in support of Gary Brian, from Harold Robbins, dated March 1, 2002. Exhibit D: Five photos of Mr. Brian's property, submitted by Tim Ewalt. Exhibit E: Letter with attachments from John Herlocker of Central Oregon Irrigation District, dated March 15, 2002. Exhibit F: Seven photos of Mr. Brian's property, submitted by Sharon Pankey. Exhibit G: Letters, photos and other information in support of Gary Brian, submitted by Nancy Reynolds, dated March 18, 2002. Exhibit H: Sign in sheet for today's hearing. Minutes of Public Hearing Gary Brian Appeal - MUA-10 Uses Page 54 of 54 Pages Monday, March 18, 2002 Introduction This is a public hearing on an appeal of the land use applicatiorssubmitted by Gary Brian for a commercial activity in conjunction with a farm use in a Mutliple Use Agricultural zone. Burden of proof and Applicable criteria The applicant has the burden of proving that they are entitled to the land use approval sought. The standards applicable to the applications are listed in the overhead that you see. Hearinas Procedure The procedures applicable to this hearing provide that the Board of County Commissioners will hear testimony, receive evidence and consider the testimony, evidence and information submitted into the record. The record as developed to this point is available for public review at this hearing. Testimony and evidence at this hearing must be directed toward the criteria set forth in the notice of this hearing and listed on the overhead. Testimony may be directed to any other criteria in the comprehensive land use plan of the County or land use regulations which any person believes apply to this decision. Failure on the part of any person to raise an issue, with sufficient specificity to afford the Board of County Commissioners and parties to this proceeding an opportunity to respond to the issue, precludes appeal to the Land Use Board of Appeals on that issue. Order of Presentation The hearing will be conducted in the following order. The Planning Division will give a staff report of the prior proceedings and the issues before the Board. The applicant will then have an opportunity to make a presentation and offer testimony and evidence. Opponents will then be given a chance to make a presentation. After both proponents and opponents have made a presentation, the proponents will be allowed to make a rebuttal presentation. At the Board's discretion, opponents may be recognized for a rebuttal presentation. At the conclusion of this hearing, the staff will be afforded an opportunity to make any closing comments. The Board may limit the time period for presentations. Questions to and from the chair may be entertained at any time at the Board's discretion. Cross-examination of witnesses will not be allowed. However, if any person wishes a question be asked of any person during that person's presentation, please direct such question to the Chair after being recognized. The Chair is free to decide whether or not to ask such questions of the witnesses. Pre -hearing Contacts will now direct a question to the other members of the Board of County Commissioners. If any member of the Board, including myself, has had any pre -hearing contacts, now is the time to state the substances of those pre -hearing contacts so that all persons present at this hearing can be fully advised of the nature and context of those contacts and with whom contact was made. Are there any contacts that need to be disclosed? At this time, do any members of the Board need to set forth the substance of any ex parte observations or facts of which this body should take notice concerning this appeal? Any person in the audience has the right during the hearings process to rebut the substance of any communication or observation that has been placed in the record. Challenges for Bias. Preiudgment or Personal Interest Any party prior to the commencement of the hearing may challenge the qualifications of the Board of County Commissioners or any member thereof of bias, prejudgment or personal interest. This challenge must be documented with specific reasons supported by facts. I will accept challenges now. Should any Board member be challenged, the member may disqualify himself or herself, withdraw from the hearing or make a statement on the record of their capacity to hear the appeal. Hearing no challenges, I shall proceed. v� A- z 64 0 v,UV1Gy J %ju urllb - ulzi tuv, n� lJ1vw3L1r, %_1VP Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens I Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info I Peak Bloom Festival -PC 0 WA R D E N S 1 i -5-53 SIL4`)"_RTON 1113. N11 ♦.811 V EN,1Y3:V. F31C 97M Iris Are A Growing Crop And We Must Wait For Mother Nature To Finish Her Work! Many, if not most, mail order purchases are of items available on the shelf, so -to -speak, ready for immediate shipment. Not so, iris! We plant iris in September and October here in Oregon's Willamette Valley. And, that's about the time we are writing this catalog. We are putting our faith in our abilities and in Mother Nature to produce what we have promised in this catalog. We send out our catalog and run our ads in April, May and June and we take orders from April through early September. Orders are placed with us by phone using a Visa or MasterCard (sorry, we do not have the facilities to process other cards) or by mail with a check or money order. Orders are processed in the order received and are immediately scheduled for the first available shipping date. Credit card orders are charged out and checks deposited when the order is received and scheduled. The plants bloom here at Cooley's Gardens in May. They must then continue to grow and to establish their root systems. Generally, they mature in early July so shipping begins about then, depending on weather, plant size and quality. At Cooley's we dig the plants for your order individually, generally the day before shipment. They come from the field to the trimming and labeling station where they are inspected and prepared for shipment. Although it seldom happens, we occasionally exhaust our supply of a variety. Since the first orders received are the first orders shipped, it is wise for buyers to order early. An order placed in April will be shipped by mid-July and so forth. Shipping is usually completed by mid-September, depending on weather conditions. Ours is a family farming operation in which our family members are responsible for each and every phase of the operation. That way we can and do produce high quality tall bearded iris and give our iris customers friendly, personal service. http://www.cooleysgardens.com/cgOla.httnl k 1/16/02 %_coley s %juruens - iris tine ti "luwuig %,ivY When you call Cooley's Gardens, you almost always speak with a member of our family. A Back to Top Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: coole, iris aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/cgOla.html 1/16/02 1..VU1Cy S Irdruvils - 1.U16um 01 Ulu Dualucu 111" 'Ar 1 Vl " Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens I Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info Peak Bloom Festival U? f7h9: —a E N _T COOLEYS I I±SS3 SfLi`LNTQ•Ti IM NE ♦ 56l.ii"r1rM114, oft "MI Easy Culture of the Bearded Iris his prefer a full day of sun, but they will grow and bloom well if given at least half a day of sunlight. The best time to plant iris is between July and October avoiding periods of temperature extremes. For climates with severe winters and early freezing temperatures, we recommend planting prior to August 15. This will ensure early root development. The bearded iris will not tolerate "wet feet". Gardeners can avoid many problems by providing good drainage to protect the iris from getting "wet feet." Three weeks before planting, or in the late summer or fall, dig in well - rotted manure or low nitrogen fertilizer 8" deep. be piled around the rhizome. After 4 years, dig, divide Iris will grow in any good garden soil. If with a knife and replant other plants grow well in your garden, iris between July and October will flourish in it. Never plant too deep. The depending on temperature soil should just cover the top of the rhizome. extremes in your area - not Extra food is necessary for the very best too hot or frost growth and bloom of your iris. For new planting, a no nitrogen chemical fertilizer or super phosphate can be dug into the soil at the rate of 1/2 ounce per square foot three weeks before the plants are set in. HALF THIS AMOUNT SHOULD BE USED IF IT IS ADDED JUST BEFORE PLANTING TIME. Well -rotted manure or well rotted compost are good additions, but should be placed eight inches deep or dug into the soil three weeks before planting. Manure or compost should not It is good to combine the chemical fertilizer with the rotted materials and to dig both in together. In general, fertilizers high in nitrogen and green manure should be avoided, especially in the fall. Fertilizers high in nitrogen will provide lush green growth in the fust year, but can cause rotting. Gardeners in colder climates may wish to mulch in the late fall with soil, straw or pine boughs. AVOID grass clippings or other mulches which may pack down and trap moisture around the plant. Each spring, after growth begins, one handful of 5-10-10 or similar formulation can be sprinkled in a circle around each clump. It is good to make these applications just before a rain, or to hose the plants clean of any fertilizer which has fallen on the new growth. Place rhizome on a mound in your planting hole to facilitate good drainage. Never plant too deep. The soil should just cover the top of the rhizome. Iris will not tolerate "Wet feet". http://www.cooleysgardens.com/cg05.html 1/16/02 %,UU1UY b %JUIUVuR, - %-ULLu« vi Luc JJ%ICUt►%.0 u10 Pack the soil around the rhizome with your hands after filling the planting hole. Fertilize with bonemeal and/or superphosphate. - -0- - -- - Like many perennial plants, iris may be moved at any time if proper care is taken. However, the best time to move them is during the period which extends from soon after they bloom until the time when new growth develops. It is for this reason that we ship in July, August, and September. If you move your iris within this period, you will have the least trouble and the greatest success. Just one word of caution about injury. Since disease may enter through open wounds, it is better to trim foliage away with shears rather than to tear it away, and to cut rhizomes apart rather than to break them apart. Cut surfaces and injuries which do occur should be exposed to the sunlight for several hours before replanting. A light dusting of sulphur on such wounds is still further insurance against future troubles. Although your bloom should be fairly good the year after transplanting, your best bloom will occur in the second to fourth years, so do not divide your clumps too soon. But after three or four years the rhizomes will become crowded and should be dug, divided, and replanted. This is also the time to revitalize your soil by adding humus and fertilizer as was recommended for the new planting. A Back to Top Return to Home Page Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: coole iris e aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $S. 00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/cg05.html 1/16/02 acnreiner's uraraens r -Retrieve Your Virhml Flower Greeting Type: Tall Bearded Color: Violet Style: Plicata Originator: B. Williamson Year: 1983 Height: 35" Bloom Season: Early to Mid Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Awards & HM '85, AM '87, Dykes Medals: Medal '90 Stock Status: Available Jesse's Song With a prominent accent on its generously form, this plicata is well known for its fine! growth. The centers of the flowers are a s. the plicata patterns are actually bands of peppering around the falls. The standards solidly colored. An exceptionally fine bran( with 7 to 8 buds. Go to the top Copyright 1999 Schreiners Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info�schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management. Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=Jesse's%20Song 1/16/02 -OUIU Vutci b vat ucub ragC I V1 I 'Or-der"a Fre 'Iris' Catalog tl F-Ratrieve, Your Virtual Flower L Grating Type: Color: Style: Originator: Year: Height: Bloom Season: Discounted: Rebloom: Awards & Medals Stock Status: Tall Bearded Orange Self Hager 1988 31" Early to Mid Season Yes No HM '90, AM '92 Available Fringe Benefits Fiery tangerine beards heighten the sense in this bright orange self. The moderately si have excellent form with lace and ruffling. F blooms are bome on well -branched stems i buds. �% h,., A , Go to the ton Copyright 19999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to infoiMschreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management Inc h4://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=Fringe%20Benefits 1/16/02 uooleys uaraens - mgie-s rngni rage I VI I Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info Peak Bloom Festival Fu? W1 life. 00LEY-S G A >t} E N S I CS&4 51@.\ TIK"}:V I. A Back to Ton Eagle's Flight (Schreiner, 186) EM. 35" rice: $5.00 Standards are a warm rose blue. Falls white ground stitched bright rose -lilac on edges. Golden yellow beard. Ten perfectly -formed flowers open on well -branched stems. HC'84; HM'88; AM'91. Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyirisna aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/eagfli.html 1/16/02 T.,uviey Zi veuueub - oplulg uiiar:,v 4�?COOLE'" G R. D E 111 $ HM £sHA T RYON TTd. NE • !%Tt.iF EWTONi.. (W97361 Spring Image (Hager, 88) M. 32" Refreshing icy orchid coloring accented with glistening white beards. Heavily laced in the Hager style." rice: 56M !W Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: coole iris ,aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $S. 00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/sprima.html 1/16/02 Cooley's Gardens - Ulazed Uold ragc I vi L Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info Peak Bloom Festival ACA-COOLEY'S Cr. A 11< 19 S i IM 51i.i'F,RITM RD- Si$ *S1LVt.W..ti. N. OR 4TAI A Back to Ton a<< Glazed Gold (O. Brown, '85) EM. 33" rice: $6.00 An exciting brilliant yellow orange. Small lighter area lies beneath the Indian yellow beard. Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiriskaol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/glagol.html 1/16/02 uooleys uaruens - rornme ieuer Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info Peak Bloom Festival I IM, SILVERTON R6, NY. SILVER rOX OR 97361 A Back to Top 1 ClsV 1 Vl 1 Fortune Tell (Corlew, '86) E. 32" RE rice: $6.00 Here is a plicata with warm white standards and violet stippling on the falls. If you need an early - blooming variety, this will fill the bill. Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiriskaol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/fortel.html 1/16/02 Cooley's Uardens - Failing in Love rugo 1 V,L i Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info Peak Bloom Festival J71l`?C00L.EVS G 7A, L I M3E 511YEIKMN RD, NV- SILVER'IUN. OR 4TY&I A Back to Ton y` Falling In Lvp (Hager, '90) M. 36" rice: $6.00 Luscious medium pink self with pink coloring a bit deeper in the standards. Flame red beards intensify the pink color. Mild, even lace. A soft touch of honey on the shoulders. Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiris o,aoLcom Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $S. 00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/fallov.html 1/16/02 Cooley's Gardens - Mallory &ay Cooley's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens I Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info l Peak Bloom Festival WAC O�a:EY'S G A. R 0 E, � ! i.�K3 SII.VT,It.rON Ito. SYI.4 911 IV F RTON. oR f"JIM A Back to Top Zallory Kay Johnson, 198) M. 38" F - Price: I cherry red falls overlaid with violet. )ring and intensity in the standards is I by a violet glow in the midrib. Beards croon with a violet base. Nicely ruffled, )rous grower sending up large -based a eight to nine flowers. Slight sweet Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiris o aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/malkay.html 1/16/02 .Cooley's Gardens - Duo Dandy ragu I V.L Coop's Home Page I About Cooley's Gardens I Iris Fancier's Reference Alphabetical Iris Listing I Iris Ordering Info j Peak Bloom Festival 'Ail &JACOOLEY'S Back to Top Duo Dandy (Hager, 199) M. 36" RE rice: $30.00 Highly dependable rebloomer in dashing two-tone splendor. Pale violet -blue standards have darker midribs. Medium violet falls sport bright beards of yellow and blue -white. Mild ruffling and seven to nine buds. SDLG. RE5319Am#1. Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiris *,aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/duodan.html 1/16/02 Cooley's (iardens - htlhereal voices COOLEYS G A K 1) 9 N 8 1134;3 SU.ATRIUti RD, DIY: ♦ tial V EBTISN, OR 97NM r agv i vi i Voices 7" Clean white falls with .dards. Beautiful, even g billowing clouds. Large K substance. Yellow beards buds on three branches." - Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiris(a�aoLcom Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) http://www.cooleysgardens.com/ethvoi.httnl 1/16/02 -Cooley's Gardens - Royal Courtship rage i of i F -"'?C & S A G A K lZ N" _ S 11MMIAIMUN RD, NIP -SALV1-3k'rV%jW*7J%1 Royal Courtship (Hager, 01) M. 35" Our ever-expanding line of proven rebloomers continues to grow with this gorgeous, ruffled purple self. Wide, correctly formed purple flowers flaunt blue -violet beards. Seven to nine buds. Rebloom begins about mid-August and continues thrmigh September. Shcg. RE6395RfPr." rice: $40.00 Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyiris(kaol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $S. 00, Deductible from your First Order) h4://www.cooleysgardens.com/roycou.html 1/16/02 Zooley's Gardens - She's All That VASA C 0 0 L EV S G A )[li 1) F N S r a6v i vi i She's All That (R. Ernst, 01) M. 36" Our featured pink introduction this year certainly is All That and more. Selected from many fine pink seedlings, she has very deep pink color in the standards, intensified by the tangerine red beard. Falls are the same deep pink, but are blended somewhat lighter near the beards. Nicely formed and ruffled, there are seven ds per stalk. Shcg. QM103-2-7.' rice: 40.0 Return to the Cooley's Gardens Home Page Cooley's Gardens Tall Bearded Iris P.O. Box 126NT - Silverton, Oregon 97381 USA Catalog Requests, or to place an order: 800-225-5391 Phone: 503-873-5463 - Fax: 503-873-5812 E -Mail: cooleyris o,aol.com Note: Our New Catalog for 2001 is now available! (Only $5.00, Deductible from your First Order) h4://www.cooleysgardens.com/shetha.html 1/16/02 ��* Y �4#r �tt JJ 00. - -- Order a Free Iris Catalog . • Our Crew • Acres of Gardens for • Bloom Season Event _._..._..__............._._._._.._......._._.._.._..._...._...._ .._.._ . Iris Excellence Welcome to Schreiner's Our Crew customer satisfaction, too. We've dedicated three generations three-quarters of a century to bree the finest Iris in the world. It's our.d quality and constant improvement Iris that has earned us numerous international awards. Our family's dedication isn't just to breeding and growing the finest Iris in the world. Our aim is Our growing fields are constantly monitored during the season to ensure you receive top quality hardy, disease resistant and pest -free. Each rhizome is hand -dug fresh from our fields and individually hand -packed. You will receive A - first class condition, ready to plant. We guarantee your satisfaction! Join the thousands of satisfied Iris lovers who have watched their gardens burst into bloom with I Schreiner's Gardens. Ten Acres of Gardens for Visitors Springtime Tradition Each spring, hundreds of acres of magnificent Iri Schreiners, and people from around the world c With good reason, too ... In business since 1925, nation's largest retail grower of Iris ... 200 acres in viewing acres open to the public free of charge. Our growing fields, in Oregon's beautiful Willam Srhreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 � :. �NHNftC St1'td Secured 6y.=SS WHAT'S NEW Our 2002 Mini Catalog will be available in late January. See above to "Order a Free Mini Catalog." We are still shipping books and videos to peruse over the winter for those whose climate is not suitable for gardening yet. Our Iris shipping season resumes in July of 2002. We hope to have our large catalog available in early April, we are excited for you to see the New Iris we are offering this year. SCHREINER FRIEND'S We love to see your garden successes and beautiful, blooming Iris. Many customers send us letters and pictures of their spring gardens. Photographers, Thank you for the great photos and entering our photo contest'Our Friends' Gardens'. Interested in finding out more about Irises, nurseries, gardening and more? Here are a few sites we recommend you visit. FREE MINI- CATALOGI Enhance your garden with Schre!ner's Iris! Click below to receive our Free Mini- -..._........ Catalog. Order a Free Iris Catalog Yaquina Blue SCHREINER'S GARDENS You are invited to visit us on line or stop by our gardens during bloom time (Map) and experience the beautiful blooms in person. Our dedicated crew is there to answer any questions and take on -the -spot orders. We make our gardens beautiful all year round by planting Iris companions. Small poppies and pansies make excellent borders while large lupines accent the height of Iris. SPRING EVENTS Each Springtime, Schreiner's Gardens is filled with many activities. Join us on Mother's Day and during the Keizer Iris Festival for a self -guided tour of the gardens. Enjoy a hearty BBQ Chicken dinner on Memorial Day and join us for "Irises and Wine" with our partners in wine, Amity Vineyards. IRIS EXCE Schreiner's Iris received numer for excellence f years and Conti next century. S here are the Iris won some of th honors in the Id Dykes Memoria most coveted fo growers. Our fir this distinguishe 2001. See whic honored with thi medals... OUR GUA For over 75 yea worked to bring highest quality I available.Our g guarantee our c best, top-notch Iris - Rainb Godde DSL (12. Modem ( (Requires Quick IRIS B Are you plannin to your growing out all the basic terminology and information you' know to begin y garden. Then or on line! Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/ 03/13/2002 ,chreiner's Gardens Order a Free Iris Catalog - • Our Crew • Acres of Gardens for • Bloom Season Event • Iris Excellence Welcome to Schreiner's Our Crew customer satisfaction, too. Page 1 of 5 We've dedicated three generations three-quarters of a century to bree the finest Iris in the world. It's our d quality and constant improvement Iris that has earned us numerous international awards. Our family's The Sc dedication Legacy" isn't just to breeding and DSL (18. growing the Modem finest Iris in (Requires the world. Our aim is Our growing fields are constantly monitored during the season to ensure you receive top quality hardy, disease resistant and pest -free. Each rhizome is hand -dug fresh from our fields and individually hand -packed. You will receive A - first class condition, ready to plant. We guarantee your satisfaction! Join the thousands of satisfied Iris lovers who have watched their gardens burst into bloom with I Schreiner's Gardens. Ten Acres of Gardens for Visitors Springtime Tradition Each spring, hundreds of acres of magnificent Iri Schreiner's, and people from around the world c With good reason, too ... In business since 1925, nation's largest retail grower of Iris ... 200 acres in viewing acres open to the public free of charge. Our growing fields, in Oregon's beautiful Willam h4://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=about&WCU=abol.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 5 ideal growing conditions. From this valley, know production, we ship only the finest of the crop. You receive them straight from the growing fields, fresh, vigorous Iris. And they're sent at prime planting time ... July, August, or September. Come and Visit You'll see thousands of Iris, from the deepest black to pure white, fire red to azure blue, glowing copper to velvety purple. Solid color blooms contrast with multi -hued beauties. The spectacle of row after row, field after field of brilliantly blooming flowers is well worth the visit. In addition to our fields of cultivated Iris, our spectacular display of groomed Iris gardens are available for the enjoyment of our visitors. Over 500 named varieties will be in bloom this season. Spend a spring morning strolling through our Iris gardens, bring the family for a picnic lunch(tables are available) or steal a romantic moment at the end of the day surrounded by bloom and sunset.We are open from dawn to dusk daily. Ask for the expert's "Bible"...our 72 -page Collectors catalog of Iris . More than 300 Iris pictured in true-to-life color, including comprehensive listings of dwarf, intermediate and tall bearded varieties. Full of information and special offers ... just $5.00. If you like, you can order our free Mini -Catalog, which is printed and delivered in the spring. This spring, treat yourself to a day at Schreiner's Gardens. Soak up warm spring sunshine. Mary of color.Bring home fresh cut iris blooms or, order rhizomes for your friends and yourself. And to instructions for growing these lovely flowers. Viewing Area Open all of May through the first week of June, 8:00 a.m, to dusk. Make Schreiner's Gardens a s tradition... and bring a friend! Maps to our location: Just 32 miles south of Portland and 5 miles north of downtown Salem, Schreiners is located at 3 http://www.schreinersgardens.coni/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=about& WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 5 Road NE in Salem, Oregon. From Portland, take 1-5 south to the Brooks exit 263. Go west on Brooklake Road,tum left on Riv mile, then turn left on Quinaby Road. From Salem, and points South, take 1-5 north to the Chemawa exit 260. Go west on Chemawa R west of 1-5 following signs to Volcano Stadium. Continue heading north past stadium and tum rig ,Bloom Season Events Iris Festival Join us next spring during the annual Keizer Iris Festival in May of 2002! Enjoy a self -guided walking tour of groomed Iris gardens and enjoy Bloom Season at its best! Annual Chicken Dinner Plan to join us for our Schreiner's Iris Garden Memorial Day Chicken BBQ featuring the culinary celebrities, the Gervais Knights of Columbus, and features the music of the Capital City Jazz Ba event takes place every Memorial Day and is filled with fun for the whole family. Irises and Wine We had the profound pleasure to host the pre-release of two new wines from Amity Vineyards, n for Iris, the Rainbow Goddess. For the first time, of what promises to be an annual event, Amity Vineyards released its two new Schreiner's Iris Gardens on Memorial Day weekend. Visitors also had the opportunity to taste the "Ravenous Rose" is a dry Rose with a brilliant pink hue d the Gamay grape. This wine features the Schreiner's origi. Iris on the label. Both Iris and wine are perfect for a spring Amity Vineyard has also joined with Schreiner's Iris Garde "Rustic Royalty" Iris, now nicknamed "Schouten Vineyard" new line of Single Vineyard Pinot Noirs. Wine will also be purchase. Details on future events for Spring 2002 will be posted as available. Gift Shop While visiting our magnificent gardens during bloom seas shop for a unique garden treasure. Our gift shop features gardening books and handcrafted artwork, as well as othe accessories.Choose a gift of stained glass, pottery, sculpt a selection of potted spring flowers. Hours are 9 a.m. to 6 Iris Excellence Over the years our Iris have received various distinguishe http://www.schreinersgardens.comldefault.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=about& WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens "Iris Hybridizing" DSL (17.9 Mb ) Modem (4.8 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) Page 4 of 5 "Oscar" of Iris awards, the Dykes Medal, to the equally sp Medal. Dykes Memorial Medal • The Dykes Memorial Medal is the highest award an Iris can re William R. Dykes(1877-1925), an English botanist and author of The Dykes for America is an annual award given by the Bristish Ir through the American Iris Society. We've had the pleasure of receiving the distinguished medal ten t honored were: Blue Sapphire(1958), Amethyst Flame(1963),Step w Victoria Falls(1984), Dusky Challenger(1988), Silverado(1994), H (1995), Hello Darkness(1999) and Yaquina Blue (2001). Premio Firenze • Many of our Iris received awards at the 2001 Iris Trials in Flore following plants received honors at the:World Premier, 2nd Place Cup);"Lenten Prayer", 4th Place(Italian Iris Society Silver Medal); Place(Honorable Mention);"I've Got Rhythm", 10th Place(Honora Coastal Mist, Best Late Variety. "Lenten Prayer" also won the Co Silver Plate for Best Red Variety and "Bold Fashion" won both th Commerce Prize for Best Commercial Variety and the Florence G Most Original Colour Variety. John C. Wister Memorial Medal • In 2000,American Iris Society voted to honor our Iris Celebrati Wister Medal, a highly regarded honor for an Iris.The award is giv bearded Iris in its class each year as voted by AIS judges. In addition to awards specific to Iris,our firm has been awarded for various achievements in horti Men's Garden Club Medal " • The Men's Garden Club of America awarded Schreiners the H Achievement in Iris Award with bearded Iris in 1966. Foster Memorial Medal • The British Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens the Fost Plaque for assiduous efforts in hybridizing new Iris in 1963. AIS Hybridizer's Medal • The American Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens their Award twice, in 1954 and 1998, for noteworthy contributions to th new Iris. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=about& WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 5 of 5 Perennial Plant Association Award • For noteworthy achievement in hybridizing, Robert Schreiner, the Perennial Plant Association's Distinguished Service Med the American Iris Society's Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement. Massachusetts Horticulture Medal . The Massachusettes Horticulture Society medal was also awa Schreiner in 1975 for his lifetime dedication and service for Iris. Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info(c�schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management: Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.comldefault.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=about&WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 4 Order a FreeIris catalog • New Awards • Iris Care Tips • Iris Specials • Iris Articles • Companion Plants • Our Friends' • Photo Contest Results New Awards Schreiners captures 2001 Dykes Medal! The American Iris Society (AIS) awarded Schreiners Iris Gardens the an Iris grower can receive,the 2001 Dykes Memorial Medal,for orgina Blue. Its exuberant ruffles and rich marine blue color reminded us of Yaquina Bay. The flower's growth is extremely vigorous. Yaquina Blue comes from a long line of beautiful Schreiner blues like Dance, Sapphire Hills and Neptune's Blue. It is also the sibling of ano blue iris, Royal Regency. Introduced in 1992, Yaquina Blue has been honored with honors such Mention (1994), Award of Merit (1996) and blister Medal (1998). "We're happy that Yaquina Btu honored by the American Iris Society," says Dave Schreiner. "It has been a good breeder for col and vigor. It's one of my favorite Schreiner blues." This is the tenth Dykes Medal awarded to Schreiners, which adds to the reputation on breeding blues. Find out what other Iris were award winners honored by the AIS. Starship Enterprise, introduced in 2000, received the most votes in AIS' Mention catagory for tall bearded Iris. Region 13 of the American Iris Society spring show in Portland, Oregon, on Ju Schreiner's Gardens was honored to ha cultivar #FF 1269-1 (pictured on left) win Region Seedling. This award winner will with a name in 2002. Look for it in next The Iris,Tokatee Falls, received Best in Variety. We also had success during the 2001 1 Competition in Florence, Italy. The folio received honors at this competion : Wor 2nd Place(Tuscany Region Cup);Lente Place(Italian Iris Society Silver Medal);B_ 7th Place(Honorable Mention);I've Got Rhythm, 10th Place(Honorable Mention); and Coastal Mi Variety. "Lenten Prayer" also won the Comune di Firenze Silver Plate for Best Red Variety and " won both the Chamber of Commerce Prize for Best Commercial Variety and the Florence Gard http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=whatsnew&WCU= 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 4 Most Original Colour Variety. Our Iris, "Lenten Prayer", "World Premier" and Brazilian Holiday also won awards in Internation in Moscow, Russia. Our Weekly Special Springtime is just around the corner. Consider one of our informative Iris books as a gift for your friends. Books. Or maybe surprise them with our video.. Our Iris-Flowerl,20of%20the%20Rainb available for $44.96(a savings of 2091o)! Call 1-800-525-2637 today or order on-line to take adva fantastic deals! Our Friends' Gardens We love to receive gardening stories and photos from our customers and friends. If you have a photo about your Iris, then tell us about it! We'll post your letters and pictures to show off your g eager to share your beautiful Iris photos with other gardeners around the world. E-mail us at info@schrelnersgardens.com or send us a letter by snail mail. Below are some of our most recent. Curtis H!Ibun in Louisiana talks about the iris he ordered last fall: 7 absolutely GORGEOUS, with many plants producing as much as fo five blooms stalks. I have been the envy of the neighborhood! Than introducing me to this wonderful beauty!!! I'm hooked!!!!!!" Masayasu Nagasawa,one of our Japan shared with us some pictures of his Iris "Both my wife and 1 enjoyed TB flowers season." Jasmine Gr New Jersey photos of h some prais received las wanted to t the beautifu received las summer ... T are top quality—very large indeed! ... I was rewarded with some of the most exquisite blooms!. My were all exclaiming everytime I saw them!" Mark Lakatos in Hungary sent us this picture of award winner, Worl one comment..."Beautiful!" Others have chosen to express their fondness of Iris through poetry were so kind to share them with us and we'd like to share them with Thank you poets! Robert Johnson of West Boylston,Massachusettes, sent us his poe http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=whatsnew&WCU= 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 4 wrote:"...since you have devoted your life and livelihood to the devel growth of Irises, I thought I would share it with you." "Blue Irises" • Eleven year old,Evan Biggs wrote us after "...a field trip down to your beautiful gardens. to compose a poem about it." "An Iris Field" Iris Companion Plants Companion Plants Add Beauty To Iris Gardens A great way to care for your Iris garden is by adding a few plant pals to complement your Iris. Companion plants will soften the sometimes harsh, rigid lines of Iris foliage and can keep your garden beautiful when spring has faded. In our own gardens, we use pansies and Icelandic poppies as a low border and taller lupines and delphiniums to complement the height of the Iris. Flowers such as peonies and oriental poppies bloom at exactly the same time as Iris; together they can put on a spectacular garden show.. Glorious Companio DSL (11.6 Modem (3.1 (Requires Quic ...................... ...._._..._......... Thalictrum and aguilegia can add an airy and lacy perspective to an Iris garden, while achillea a are excellent companion plants for hot, dry climates because they can handle the lack of moistu choice of companions is unlimited. Heaths and heathers act as excellent edging plants. Roses a can also make good companions for lonely Iris. Irises with varied leaves such as Iris pallida vari purple tint of some Iris leaves give a new look to the standard green leaf. With a combination of perennials, your garden can be beautiful any time of the year. Iris Care Tips July, August and September are the ideal months to start digging and transplanting your Iris. W that the earlier you get your Iris established the better they perform the following year. It's imper of newly transplanted iris be well established before the growing season ends. In areas with hot mild winters, September or October transplanting may be preferred.For more on planting see ou Iris Articles Everybody's talking about Iris! Look at what's being said about us. Nationally recognized Sunset Magazine featured Schreiner's Gardens in of their May 2001 issue. To view the article click here. Siberian Iris are coming into their own in the Iris world. This popular sped recently featured in the August 2001 issue of Family Circle Magazine. Th three-page spread talks about their appeal and satisfaction. Click below to read the article. Req Acrobat Reader. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=whatsnew&WCU= 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 4 of 4 • Family Circle page 1 • Family Circle page 2 • Family Circle page 3 Photo Contest Results Thank you photographers! Thanks to all of those who sent in your entries for the photo contest! photos to photos that stood out from the rest.ln the meantime, keep t photos. Photos selected were: Cathy Prince of Dallas, Texas, received the ho catagory of "Most Bountiful Garden". This origi shows that Iris can look beautiful with compani over nature. Michelle Ayers of St. Lo sent us this picture of O It received the honors of Variety". Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com .__.........................._......._._................__....._........__.... Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. hnp://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=whatsnew&WCU= 03/13/2002 Page 1 of 1 http://www.schreinersgardens.com/images/sunsetlnk.jpg 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens �`rtv�it �* Page 1 of 3 Order a FreeIris Catalog Where do Iris grow in the USA? Iris grow well in all the United States except southern Florida, Hawaii, or Puerto Though the Iris will grow lush leaves, the likelihood of bloom in these areas is ve "Iris Planting" DSL (6.0Mb) Modem (1.6 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) When should I plant my Iris? July and August are the best months to plant (or dig and divide) Iris. If you live in area with very hot summers and mild winters, then September or October would better. Where should l plant my Iris? Plant your Iris in a location where they will recei least half a day of sun. For healthy Iris and good full sun is best. Partial shade is beneficial if you li an area with very hot summers. Do I need to build raised beds for my Iris? Good drainage is imperative in growing Iris successfully. Anything you can do to improve yo soil's drainage will be rewarded. How can I improve the quality of my soil? http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=FAQplanting 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 3 You can improve your soil's drainage by adding coarse sand or humus. Gypsum an excellent soil conditioner for clay soils. The ideal pH for Iris is 6.8. Lime can b added to acidic soils and sulfur to alkaline soils. How far apart should I plant my Iris? planting. How deep should I plant my Iris? cxn,cz I Ima=t Can I pot my Iris? Plant your Iris approximately 12 t inches apart. Planting them closel an immediate effect, but the Iris n be dug and thinned more often. Di problems may be more acute with Plant your Iris so that the tops of t rhizomes are exposed and the root facing downward. A common mis to plant Iris too deeply. Yes, Iris can be successfully grown in pots. First, k a roomy pot. A 6" to 8" pot will work for Dwarf I 12" pot will work for Tall Bearded Iris. Make sur pot has good drainage. For soil, we recommend 4 bark, 20% pumice, and 35% peat moss. Leave at 1 one inch below the pot's rim, and leave the top of rhizome exposed. Water only when the top two in of soil are dry. Overwatering will cause rot. Keep pot outdoors during the winter. When bloom buds to appear in the fans, bring the pot inside and place in a bright sunny wind After bloom, be sure to divide your Iris and replant outside or into more p Go to the top Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=FAQplanting 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 3 http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=FAQplanting 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens • Our Crew • Acres of Gardens for • Bloom Season Event • IrisExcellence Welcome to Schreiner's Our Crew iirta EIC�vvr CC t<Ing, ` customer satisfaction, too. Page 1 of 5 We've dedicated three generations three-quarters of a century to bree the finest Iris in the world. It's our d quality and constant improvement Iris that has earned us numerous international awards. Our family's AQL "The Sc dedication Legacy" Am isn't just to breeding and DSL (18_ growing the Modem finest Iris in (Requires the world. Our aim is Our growing fields are constantly monitored during the season to ensure you receive top quality hardy, disease resistant and pest -free. Each rhizome is hand -dug fresh from our fields and individually hand -packed. You will receive A - first class condition, ready to plant. We guarantee your satisfaction! Join the thousands of satisfied Iris lovers who have watched their gardens burst into bloom with I Schreiner's Gardens. Ten Acres of Gardens for Visitors Springtime Tradition Each spring, hundreds of acres of magnificent Iri Schreiners, and people from around the world c With good reason, too ... In business since 1925, nation's largest retail grower of Iris ... 200 acres in viewing acres open to the public free of charge. Our growing fields, in Oregon's beautiful Willam hq://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about&WCU=86(.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 5 ideal growing conditions. From this valley, know production, we ship only the finest of the crop. You receive them straight from the growing fields, fresh, vigorous Iris. And they're sent at prime planting time ... July, August, or September. Come and Visit You'll see thousands of Iris, from the deepest black to pure white, fire red to azure blue, glowing copper to velvety purple. Solid color blooms contrast with multi -hued beauties. The spectacle of row after row, field after field of brilliantly blooming flowers is well worth the visit. In addition to our fields of cultivated Iris, our spectacular display of groomed Iris gardens are available for the enjoyment of our visitors. Over 500 named varieties will be in bloom this season. Spend a spring morning strolling through our Iris gardens, bring the family for a picnic lunch(tables are available) or steal a romantic moment at the end of the day surrounded by bloom and sunset.We are open from dawn to dusk daily. Ask for the expert's "Bible"...our 72 -page Collector's catalog of Iris . More than 300 Iris pictured in true-to-life color, including comprehensive listings of dwarf, intermediate and tall bearded varieties. Full of information and special offers ... just $5.00. If you like, you can order our free Mini -Catalog, which is printed and delivered in the spring. This spring, treat yourself to a day at Schreiner's Gardens. Soak up warm spring sunshine. Mary of color.Bring home fresh cut iris blooms or, order rhizomes for your friends and yourself. And to instructions for growing these lovely flowers. Viewing Area Open all of May through the first week of June, 8:00 a.m. to dusk. Make Schreiner's Gardens a s tradition... and bring a friend! Maps to our location: Just 32 miles south of Portland and 5 miles north of downtown Salem, Schreiner's is located at 3 h4://www. schreinersgardens. com/default. asp? WCI=WebPage& WCE=about& WCU=86(.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 5 Road NE in Salem, Oregon. From Portland, take I-5 south to the Brooks exit 263. Go west on Brooklake Road,turn left on Riv mile, then tum left on Quinaby Road. From Salem, and points South, take 1-5 north to the Chemawa exit 260. Go west on Chemawa R west of 1-5 following signs to Volcano Stadium. Continue heading north past stadium and tum rig ,Bloom Season Events Iris Festival Join us next spring during the annual Keizer Iris Festival in May of 20021 Enjoy a self -guided walking tour of groomed Iris gardens and enjoy Bloom Season at its best! Annual Chicken Dinner Plan to join us for our Schreiner's Iris Garden Memorial Day Chicken BBQ featuring the culinary celebrities, the Gervais Knights of Columbus, and features the music of the Capital City Jazz Ba event takes place every Memorial Day and is filled with fun for the whole family. Irises and Wine We had the profound pleasure to host the pre-release of two new wines from Amity Vineyards, n for Iris, the Rainbow Goddess. For the first time, of what promises to be an annual event, Amity Vineyards released its two new Schreiner's Iris Gardens on Memorial Day weekend. Visitors also had the opportunity to taste the "Ravenous Rose" is a dry Rose with a brilliant pink hue d the Gamay grape. This wine features the Schreiner's origi Iris.on the label. Both Iris and wine are perfect for a spring Amity Vineyard has also joined with Schreiner's Iris Garde "Rustic Royalty" Iris, now nicknamed "Schouten Vineyard" new line of Single Vineyard Pinot Noirs. Wine will also be purchase. Details on future events for Spring 2002 will be posted as available. Gift Shop While visiting our magnificent gardens during bloom seas shop for a unique garden treasure. Our gift shop features gardening books and handcrafted artwork, as well as othe accessories.Choose a gift of stained glass, pottery, sculpt a selection of potted spring flowers. Hours are 9 a.m. to 6 Iris Excellence Over the years our Iris have received various distinguishe http://Www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage& WCE=about& WCU=86(.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens "Iris Hybridizing" DSL (17.9 Mb) Modem (4.8 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) Mal. , Page 4 of 5 "Oscar" of Iris awards, the Dykes Medal, to the equally sp Medal. Dykes Memorial Medal • The Dykes Memorial Medal is the highest award an Iris can re William R. Dykes(1877-1925), an English botanist and author of The Dykes for America is an annual award given by the Bristish Ir through the American Iris Society. We've had the pleasure of receiving the distinguished medal ten t honored were: Blue Sapphire(1958), Amethyst Flame(1963),Step - Victoria Falls(1984), Dusky Challenger(1988), Silverado(1994), H (1995), Hello Darkness(1999) and Yaquina Blue (2001). Premio Firenze • Many of our Iris received awards at the 2001 Iris Trials in Fiore following plants received honors at the:World Premier, 2nd Place Cup);"Lenten Prayer", 4th Place(Italian Iris Society Silver Medal); Place(Honorable Mention);"I've Got Rhythm", 10th Place(Honora Coastal Mist, Best Late Variety. "Lenten Prayer" also won the Co Silver Plate for Best Red Variety and "Bold Fashion" won both th Commerce Prize for Best Commercial Variety and the Florence G Most Original Colour Variety. John C. Wister Memorial Medal . In 2000,American Iris Society voted to honor our Iris Celebrati Waster Medal, a highly regarded honor for an Iris.The award is giv bearded Iris in its class each year as voted by AIS judges. In addition to awards specific to Iris,our firm has been awarded for various achievements in horti Men's Garden Club Medal • The Men's Garden Club of America awarded Schreiners the H Achievement in Iris Award with bearded Iris in 1966. Foster Memorial Medal • The British Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens the Fost Plaque for assiduous efforts in hybridizing new Iris in 1963. AIS Hybridizer's Medal • The American Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens their Award twice, in 1954 and 1998, for noteworthy contributions to th new Iris. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about&WCU=86(.- 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 5 of 5 Perennial Plant Association Award • For noteworthy achievement in hybridizing, Robert Schreiner, the Perennial Plant Association's Distinguished Service Med the American Iris Society's Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement. Massachusetts Horticulture Medal e The Massachusettes Horticulture Society medal was also awa Schreiner in 1975 for his lifetime dedication and service for Iris. Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Intemet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. h4://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about&WCU=86(.- 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 5 k girder a Free iris Caiog • Our Crew • Acres of Gardens for . Bloom Season Event . Iris Excellence Welcome to Schreiner's Our Crew ren; customer satisfaction, too. NUM We've dedicated three generations three-quarters of a century to bree the finest Iris in the world. It's our d quality and constant improvement Iris that has earned us numerous international awards. Our family's The Sc dedication Legacy" isn't just to breeding and DSL (18_ growing the Modem finest Iris in (Requires the world. Our aim is Our growing fields are constantly monitored during the season to ensure you receive top quality hardy, disease resistant and pest -free. Each rhizome is hand -dug fresh from our fields and individually hand -packed. You will receive A - first class condition, ready to plant. We guarantee your satisfaction! Join the thousands of satisfied Iris lovers who have watched their gardens burst into bloom with I Schreiner's Gardens. Ten Acres of Gardens for Visitors Springtime Tradition Each spring, hundreds of acres of magnificent Iri Schreiners, and people from around the world c With good reason, too ... In business since 1925, nation's largest retail grower of Iris ... 200 acres in viewing acres open to the public free of charge. Our growing fields, in Oregon's beautiful Wiliam http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 5 ideal growing conditions. From this valley, know production, we ship only the finest of the crop. You receive them straight from the growing fields, fresh, vigorous Iris. And they're sent at prime planting time ... July, August, or September. Come and Visit You'll see thousands of Iris, from the deepest black to pure white, fire red to azure blue, glowing copper to velvety purple. Solid color blooms contrast with multi -hued beauties. The spectacle of row after row, field after field of brilliantly blooming flowers is well worth the visit. In addition to our fields of cultivated Iris, our spectacular display of groomed Iris gardens are available for the enjoyment of our visitors. Over 500 named varieties will be in bloom this season. Spend a spring morning strolling through our Iris gardens, bring the family for a picnic lunch(tables are available) or steal a romantic moment at the end of the day surrounded by bloom and sunset.We are open from dawn to dusk daily. Ask for the expert's "Bible"...our 72 -page Collector's catalog of Iris . More than 300 Iris.pictured in true-to-life color, including comprehensive listings of dwarf, intermediate and tall bearded varieties. Full of information and special offers ... just $5.00. If you like, you can order our free Mini -Catalog, which is printed and delivered in the spring. This spring, treat yourself to a day at Schreiner's Gardens. Soak up warm spring sunshine. Mary of color.Bring home fresh cut iris blooms or, order rhizomes for your friends and yourself. And to instructions for growing these lovely flowers. Viewing Area Open all of May through the first week of June, 8:00 a.m. to dusk. Make Schreiner's Gardens a s tradition... and bring a friend! Maps to our location: Just 32 miles south of Portland and 5 miles north of downtown Salem, Schreiner's is located at 3 http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 5 Road NE in Salem, Oregon. From Portland, take 1-5 south to the Brooks exit 263. Go west on Brooklake Road,turn left on Riv mile, then turn left on Quinaby Road. From Salem, and points South, take 1-5 north to the Chemawa exit 260. Go west on Chemawa R west of 1-5 following signs to Volcano Stadium. Continue heading north past stadium and turn rig Bloom Season Events Iris Festival Join us next spring during the annual Keizer Iris Festival in May of 2002! Enjoy a self -guided walking tour of groomed Iris gardens and enjoy Bloom Season at its best! Annual Chicken Dinner Plan to join us for our Schreiner's Iris Garden Memorial Day Chicken BBQ featuring the culinary celebrities, the Gervais Knights of Columbus, and features the music of the Capital City Jazz Ba event takes place every Memorial Day and is filled with fun for the whole family. Irises and Wine We had the profound pleasure to'host the pre-release of two new wines from Amity Vineyards, n for Iris, the Rainbow Goddess. For the first time, of what promises to be an annual event, Amity Vineyards released its two new Schreiner's Iris Gardens on Memorial Day weekend. Visitors also had the opportunity to taste the "Ravenous Rose" is a dry Rose with a brilliant pink hue d the Gamay grape. This wine features the Schreiner's origi Iris on the label. Both Iris and wine are perfect for a spring Amity Vineyard has also joined with Schreiner's Iris Garde "Rustic Royalty" Iris, now nicknamed "Schouten Vineyard" new line of Single Vineyard Pinot Noirs. Wine will also be purchase. Details on future events for Spring 2002 will be posted as available. Gift Shop While visiting our magnificent gardens during bloom seas shop for a unique garden treasure. Our gift shop features gardening books and handcrafted artwork, as well as othe accessories.Choose a gift of stained glass, pottery, sculpt a selection of potted spring flowers. Hours are 9 a.m. to 6 Iris Excellence Over the years our Iris have received various distinguishe http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens "Iris Hybridizing" DSL (17.9 Mb ) .....---.........._...__._..._..__...._. Modem (4_8 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) Page 4 of 5 "Oscar" of Iris awards, the Dykes Medal, to the equally sp Medal. Dykes Memorial Medal • The Dykes Memorial Medal is the highest award an Iris can re William R. Dykes(1877-1925), an English botanist and author of The Dykes for America is an annual award given by the Bristish Ir through the American Iris Society. We've had the pleasure of receiving the distinguished medal ten t honored were: Blue Sapphire(1958), Amethyst Flame(1963),Step Victoria Falls(1984), Dusky Challenger(1988), Silverado(1994), H (1995), Hello Darkness(1999) and Yaquina Blue (2001). Premio Firenze • Many of our Iris received awards at the 2001 Iris Trials in Flore following plants received honors at the:World Premier, 2nd Place Cup);"Lenten Prayer", 4th Place(Italian Iris Society Silver Medal); Place(Honorable Mention);"I've Got Rhythm", 10th Place(Honora Coastal Mist, Best Late Variety. "Lenten Prayer" also won the Co Silver Plate for Best Red Variety and "Bold Fashion" won both th Commerce Prize for Best Commercial Variety and the Florence G Most Original Colour Variety. John C. Wister Memorial Medal • In 2000,American Iris Society voted to honor our Iris Celebrati Waster Medal, a highly regarded honor for an Iris.The award is giv bearded Iris in its class each year as voted by AIS judges. In addition to awards specific to Iris,our firm has been awarded for various achievements in horti Men's Garden Club Medal The Men's Garden Club of America awarded Schreiners the H Achievement in Iris Award with bearded Iris in 1966. Foster Memorial Medal • The British Iris Society awarded Schreinees Gardens the Fost Plaque for assiduous efforts in hybridizing new Iris in 1963. AIS Hybridizer's Medal • The American Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens their Award twice, in 1954 and 1998, for noteworthy contributions to th new Iris. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about 03/13/2002 Sr,hreiner's Gardens Page 5 of 5 Perennial Plant Association Award For noteworthy achievement in hybridizing, Robert Schreiner, the Perennial Plant Association's Distinguished Service Med the American Iris Society's Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement. Massachusetts Horticulture Medal • The Massachusettes Horticulture Society medal was also awa Schreiner in 1975 for his lifetime dedication and service for Iris. Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=about 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens rdr a free XAS Catalog Iris Basics • Iris Glossary • How to Grow Iris Introduction Page 1 of 5 Iris have a color range that rivals the rainbow in every imaginable hue and tone. On our Web page we have included a detailed description along with a picture of each variety listed. It is sometimes difficult to capture in words or with a picture the subtle color combinations that occur in nature. If you disagree with the accuracy of our pictures or descriptions please feel free to call this to our attention. But remember color, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder. We have tried to make our presentation as accurate as current technology allows. Irises Ric DSL (20.2 Modem (5.4 (Requires Quic Iris descriptions have their own specialized vocabulary. Iris can be categorized according to such characteristics as type, style of color pattern, season of bloom, height of bloo American Iris Society Awards received. Our search engine has been programmed to classify Iri above categories in addition to color. The following is -a glossary of terms that are used in our tri or search engine. Glossary Terms describing Iris Beard Thick bushy hairs on the upper part of each of the three lower petals Branch Lateral extension of the main bloom stem that produces additional fl Flare Fall having an outward horizontal curve. Falls Three downward curving lower petals (sepals) of the flower. Form Structure or position of the petals that determines a flowers.overall Horns Long pointed growths protruding upward from the ends of the beard Haft The upper part of falls that connects to rest of flower; shoulders next beards. Increase New fans growing from the side of the rhizome. Lace Very frilled or crimped serrations on the outer edges of the petals. Rhizome Thick bulb -like underground stem having roots and leaves. Ruffles Bouncy, wavy or rolling form applied to the petals. Signal A spot pattern of different color on the falls just below the beard. Spath Leaf -like covering over the base of the flower (ovary). Spoons Horned -like growths with small petaloids protruding from beards. Stalk Tall stiff stem that terminates in flowers. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=basics&WCU=86i:. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 5 Stamen Small match -like protrusion just beneath stylearms; flower's male reproductive part producing powdery pollen. Standards Three upward arching petals of the flower. Stigma Lip -like growth near end of the sylearm; flower's female reproductive Stylearms Small stiff segments in flower's center shielding the base of the falls; female reproductive organ (stigma). Substance IThickness of the petals; stiffness that determines durability of petal. TextureSurface sheen or -finish of the petals (e. g.: velvety, satiny) Type (or kinds) of Iris Bearded Iris Iris identified by thick bushy hairs on upper part of the falls. W the bearded group the American Iris Society has designated different categories of Iris based on stem height and season bloom. Tall Bearded Iris These are the gorgeous queens of the Iris world, with magnifi (TB) to 7 inch blooms displayed on stems 29 to 40 inches high. Th showy flowers are available in every color of the spectrum an proudly display themselves on branched stems carrying up to buds each. Their later blooming flowers are the most popular Bearded Iris group. Arilbred Iris (AB) Derived from crosses between Tall Bearded Iris and Aril spec these exotic hybrids bloom just before their Tall Bearded cou They grow best in warm and dry parts of the country and are tender with less vigor than the Tall Bearded. Border Bearded These are essentially small versions of the Tall Bearded. Bot (BB) and Table stem heights ranging from 16 to 28 inches and bloom at the s (MTB) Iris time as the Tall Bearded. Table Iris (i.e.: Miniature Tall Beard have daintier flowers and thin wiry stems. Intermediate Iris These Iris also have stem heights that vary from 16 to 28 inc (IB) their bloom season arrives just after the Dwarf Iris and finishe before the Tall Bearded. Cheer your early garden with these I charmers at tulip time. Standard Dwarf Ranging in Height from 9 to 15 inches tall, these Iris have flo Bearded Iris to 4 inches wide. Blooming just after the Miniature Dwarf Bea (SDB) iris in early spring, they are ideal for edgings and the fronts of borders. Miniature Dwarf These are the tiniest of the Bearded Iris, growing up to 10 inc Bearded Iris height with 2 to 3 inch flowers. They are the earliest of the Be (MDB) Iris to bloom, and are perfect for rock gardens or the front of producing a blanket of color. Beardless Iris This is the largest and most diverse group of Iris is characters the conspicuous absence of a beard on their petals. This gro contains literally hundreds of different Iris species. On our We we list two different groupings of Beardless Iris. Siberian Iris (SI) These Iris, contrary to their name, are not necessarily native t Siberia. They are certainly very cold hardy, vigorous and relat maintenance -free. Flowers are 4 to 5 inches wide on stems r from 2 to 4 feet tall. Their graceful grass -like foliage and sturd stems are naturally attractive in a border even when not in bl http://Www.schreinersgardens.comldefault.asp?WCI=WebPage& WCE=basics& WCU=861:. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 5 Louisiana Iris Hailing from Louisiana and the southern USA these Iris are n (LA) a water or bog plant. They present a spectacular range of col including the truest red hue found in Iris. Flowers can range fr to 6 inches with stalks up to 4 feet high. These cold -hardy, di resistant Iris are at home almost everywhere in the garden, a as on the edges of ponds. Style (of color pattern) Amoena A bicolor with white standards and colored falls. A reverse amoena h white falls and a different color in its standards. Bicolor A lighter colored standard with falls of a different, deeper contrasting Bitone Two shades of the same color. Falls are usually darker. Blend A combination of two or more colors "blending" together. One is usua yellow. Neglects A blue or violet bitone. Plicate Stitched margins of color on the rim of the petals. Usually having a w yellow ground color. Self The same uniform color in both the standards and the falls. Variegate A bicolor with yellow or near yellow standards and deeper maroon, br purple falls. Bloom Season VE Very Early ED Early M❑ ML Mi season Midseason © VL Late Very Late RE Re looms American Iris Society Awards Highlyard reserved for an unmtroduced variety (seedling under numbe Commended variety is of merit and worthy of introduction. (HC) Honorable First award an introduced Iris can win after it has been in commerc Mention (HM) years. Indicates unusual quality. FAw—ard of Merit One of the most coveted S awards. Only eligible varieties are t o (AM) commerce over a period of time, which have won an Honorable Me Indicates superior quality. Clarence G. Special award reserved exc usive y for a hybrid Aril Iris. Highest aw White Medal class to an Arilbred Award of Merit winner. Very Superior quality. (CGW) Hans and JacobSpecial award reserve exclusively for an Intermediate Iris. ig es Sass Medal (SM) class to an Intermediate Award of Merit winner. Very Superior quali Cook -Doug as Specia award reserved for Standard Dwarf Bearded Iris. Highest a http://www. schreinersgardens.comldefault. asp? WCI=WebPage& WCE=basics& WCU=861:. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 4 of 5 Medal (CDM) (class to a Standard Dwarf Bearded Award of Merit winner. Very Su quality. Caparne-Welch !Special award reserved fora Miniature Dwarf Bearded Iris. Highest Medal (CWM) class to a Miniature Dwarf Bearded Award of Merit winner. Very Su quality. Knowlton MedalSpecial award reserved for a Border Bearded Iris. Highest award in (KM) -Ila Border Bearded Award of Merit winner. Very Superior quality. Williamson -White Special award reserved for a Miniature Tall Bearded Iris. Highest a Medal class to a Miniature Tall Bearded Award of Merit winner. Very Sup John C. Wister ): Special award reserved for a Tall Bearded Iris. Highest award in i Medal (WM) Tall Bearded Award of Merit winner. Very Superior quality. Dykes Memorial The highest award any Iris can ever receive. An a igib a Ins must h Medal highest award in it class as well as proving itself to be an excellent performer. The award is the equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize or the for the Iris world. This queen of all Iris awards indicates a variety e quality. Go to the top How to Grow Iris When to Plant For best results, Iris should be planted in July, August or September. It's imperative that the root planted Iris be well-established before the growing season ends. In areas with hot summers and September or October planting may be preferred. Where to Plant Iris need at least a half day of sun. In extremely hot climates some shade is beneficial, but in m do best in full sun. Be sure to provide your Iris good drainage, planting either on a slope or in rai Soil Preparation Iris will thrive in most well -drained garden soils. Planting on a slope or in raised beds helps ensure good drainage. If your soil is heavy, coarse sand or humus may be added to improve drainage. Gypsum is an excellent soil conditioner that can improve most clay soils. The ideal pH is 6.8 (slightly acidic), but Iris are tolerant in this regard. To adjust the pH of your soil, lime may be added to acidic soils or sulfur to alkaline soils. It is always best to have your soil analyzed before !j taking corrective measures. Depth to Plant Good drair essential. Iris should be planted so the tops of the rhizomes are expose roots are spread out facing downward in the soil. In very light extremely hot climates, covering the rhizome with 1 inch of s I desirable. Firm the soil around each rhizome and then water t the soil. A common mistake is to plant Iris too deeply. Proper depth Is criticall Distance Apart # -SIE-- 12 to 2i" -- http://Www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=basics&WCU=861:. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 5 of 5 Iris are generally planted 12 to 24 inches apart. Close planting gives an immediate effect, but cl Iris will need to be thinned often. Plants spaced further apart will need less frequent thinning. Watering Newly set plants need moisture to help their root systems become established. Specific waterin depends on your climate and your soil, but keep in mind that deep watering at long intervals is b more frequent shallow waterings. Once established, Iris normally don't need to be watered exce areas. Overwatering is a common error. Fertilization Specific fertilizer recommendations depend on your soil type, but bone meal, superphosphate a all effective. A light application in the early spring and a second light application about a month reward you with good growth and bloom. Avoid using anything high in nitrogen, as nitrogen enc problems. Thinning Old Clumps Iris need to be thinned or divided before they become overcrowded, generally every 3-4 years. I allowed to become too crowded the bloom will suffer, some varieties may crowd others out and problems may be aggravated. Old clumps may be thinned by removing the old divisions at the c clumps and leaving new growth in the ground. Or, you may dig up the entire clump and remove the large new rhizomes. General Garden Care Keep your Iris beds clean and free of weeds and debris, allowing the tops of the rhizomes to ba Bloom stems should be cut off close to the ground after blooming. Healthy green leaves should undisturbed, but diseased or brown leaves should be removed. Go to the top Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.comldefault.asp?WCI=WebPage& WCE=basics&WCU=861:. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 Order a Free Iris Catalog Sign Our Guest Book Type: Tall Bearded Color: Blue Style: Self Originator: Schreiner Year: 2001 Height: 36" Bloom Early to Mid Season to Season: Late Discounted: No Rebloom: No Stock Status: Available Above The Clouds This light cerulean blue self reaches strato heights with its supberb performance. Note exhuberantly ruffled flower form and broad falls. Plant vigor is similarly excellent reflec traits of its parents, Yaquina Blue and Mari three branches bearing 8 to 9 buds guaran weeks of bloom. Here is a must have azur the serious collector. Seedling FF 378-A. Go to the top Price: $45.00 Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info®sohreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp? WCI=Product& WCE=Above%2OThe%2C.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Type: Tall Bearded Color: Blue Style: Plicata Originator: Magee Year: 1990 Height: 34" Bloom Season: Early to Mid Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Awards & HM '92, AM '94, Wister Medals: Medal '97 Stock Status: Available Page 1 of 1 Acoma Acoma's wide gracefully formed flowers in refreshing shades of soft blue and viol of the sky blue standards complements t blue -violet plicata markings on the ruffled Each rhizome averages only 5-6 buds pe Go to the top Price: $7.50 Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail t0 info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=Acoma 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 Order -----Free Iris Cl og 3Wr J(e17 Afternoon Delight This ruffled honey -tan and lavender blend with an intriguing interplay of pastel tones. delightful rosy lavender falls are nicely edg inch border of warm buff -tan. The same ho also blends from the petal's underside and interior. 7 to 9 buds per stem. Type: Tall Bearded Color: Yellow Style: Blend Originator: R. Ernst Year: 1985 Height: 36" Price: $7.50 Bloom Season: Mid Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Awards 8r Medals: HM '89, AM '93 Stock Status: Available Go to the top Copyright 1999 Schreiners Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product& WCE=Afternoon%20Deli.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 girdera- Free 11,ris,C,atalog �Ikr i61it#"', Type: Color: Style: Originator: Year: Height: Bloom Season: Discounted: Rebloom: Awards & Medals Stock Status: Tall Bearded Blue Neglecta McWhirter 1992 34" Early to Mid Season Yes No HM '94, AM '96 Available Alaskan Seas Enrapturing ruffling evokes images of the r northern seas. This cleanly colored neglect blue standards with deep marine blue falls. Seas' well -branched stems each produce socketed buds. Go to the top Price: $12.50 Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info_@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. hup://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=Alaskan%2OSeas 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens �: - Hi:NTtt:�l9'tci F Type: Tall Bearded Color: Purple Style: Bitone Originator: Gaulter-B.Brown Year: 1994 Height: 38" Bloom Season: Mid Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Awards & Medals: HM '96 Stock Status: Available Page 1 of 1 Alexander's Ragtime Band Heavy ruffles and flounces add a swinging this velvety deep purple bitone. A subtle w pattern on the falls draws one's attention to white beards. These large flowers enjoy pe Go to the top Price: $15.00 Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http: //www. s chreinersgardens. com/D efault. asp? W CI=Product& W C E=Alexanders%2ORal.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 Order a Free Irals.i Type: Tall Bearded Color: Blue Style: Amoena Originator: Cayeux Year: 1989 Height: 33" Bloom Season: Early to Mid Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Stock Status: Available Alizes What a refreshing vision in rich blue and cr The classically arched standards are pure white. The broad rounded falls are a rich bl to clean white at their centers. This lightly r with sparkling lemon beards is floriferous t two or three stems per clump each having. Go to the top Price: $10.00 Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. h4://www. schreinersgardens. com/D efault. asp? W CI=Product& W CE=Alizes 03/1.3/2002 Sctreiner's Gardens Type: Tall Bearded Color: Blue Style: Amoena Originator: Cayeux Year: 1989 Height: 33" Bloom Season: Early to Mid Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Stock Status: Available Page 1 of 1 Alizes What a refreshing vision in rich blue and cr The classically arched standards are pure white. The broad rounded falls are a rich bl to clean white at their centers. This lightly r with sparkling lemon beards is floriferous t two or three stems per clump each having Go to the top Price: $10.00 Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens_com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=Alizes 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 rr a Free Iris Catalog x���r�1 �lotiv�ir m �rt9'bg< k r> American Classic American Classic boasts great breadth an ruffling. Thick deep blue -violet plicata mark edge the immaculate white ground, giving contrast. What we cannot picture here is th superlative bloom habit - each vibrant ste produces four branches and 11 to 13 buds Type: Tall Bearded Color: Blue -Violet Style: Plicata Originator: Schreiner Year: 1996 Height: 36" Bloom Season: Early to Mid -Late Price: $12.50 Season Discounted: Yes Rebloom: No Awards & HM '98 Medals: Stock Status: Available Go to the top Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to infb@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorei. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.coni/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=American%20Clas.,.'. 03/13/2002 S;chreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 1 Order a Free Isis Cataloq Type: Color: Style: Originator: Year: Height: Bloom Season: Discounted: Rebloom: Awards & Medals: Stock Status: Tall Bearded Mulberry -Plum Self Ghio 1992 37" Mid to Late Season Yes No HM '94, AM '98 Available Aplomb Aplomb's sensuous deep mulberry -plum c with its tempting ruffles creates a most enti presence. Note the shimmering metallic sh overlaying the richly colored petals. This s has excellent growth habits like its grandp Friend. Go to the top Price: $12.50 Copyright 1999 Schreiners Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/Default.asp?WCI=Product&WCE=Aplomb 03/13/2002 Scjireiner's Gardens Page 1 of 4 • New Awards • Iris Care Tips • Iris Specials • Iris Articles • Companion Plants _............. - ....................... ..--._..._......_.__. ...._.__._._......_....__...........................-- -- • Our Friends' • Photo Contest Results New Awards Schreiners captures 2001 Dykes Medal! The American Iris Society (AIS) awarded Schreiner's Iris Gardens the an Iris grower can receive,the 2001 Dykes Memorial Medal,for orgina Blue. Its exuberant ruffles and rich marine blue color reminded us of Yaquina Bay. The flower's growth is extremely vigorous. Yaquina Blue comes from a long line of beautiful Schreiner blues like Dance, Sapphire Hills and Neptune's Blue. It is also the sibling of ano blue iris, Royal Regency. Introduced in 1992, Yaquina Blue has been honored with honors such Mention (1994), Award of Merit (1996) and blister Medal (1998). "We're happy that Yaquina Blu honored by the American Iris Society," says Dave Schreiner. "It has been a good breeder for col and vigor. It's one of my favorite Schreiner blues." This is the tenth Dykes Medal awarded to Schreiners, which adds to the reputation on breeding blues. Find out what other Iris were award winners honored by the AIS. Starship Enterprise, introduced in 2000, received the most votes in AIS' Mention catagory for tall bearded Iris. Region 13 of the American Iris Society spring show in Portland, Oregon, on Ju Schreiner's Gardens was honored to ha cultivar #FF 1269-1 (pictured on left) win Region Seedling. This award winner will with a name in 2002. Look for it in next The Iris,Tokatee Falls, received Best in Variety. We also had success during the 2001 1 Competition in Florence, Italy. The follo received honors at this competion : Wor 2nd Place(Tuscany Region Cup);Lente Place(Italian Iris Society Silver Medal);B 7th Place(Honorable Mention);I've Got Rhythm, 10th Place(Honorable Mention); and Coastal Mi Variety. "Lenten Prayer" also won the Comune di Firenze Silver Plate for Best Red Variety and " won both the Chamber of Commerce Prize for Best Commercial Variety and the Florence Gard http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp? WCI=webpage& WCE=whatsnew&WCU=.: 03/13/2002 Sghreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 4 Most Original Colour Variety. Our Iris, "Lenten Prayer", "World Premier" and Brazilian Holiday also won awards in Internation in Moscow, Russia. Our Weekly Special Springtime is just around the corner. Consider one of our informative Iris books as a gift for your friends. Books. Or maybe surprise them with our video.. Our Iris-Flower'lo20of%20the%20Rainb available for $44.96(a savings of 20%)! Call 1-800-525-2637 today or ober on-line to take adva fantastic deals! Our Friends' Gardens We love to receive gardening stories and photos from our customers and friends. If you have a photo about your Iris, then tell us about it! We'll post your letters and pictures to show off your g eager to share your beautiful Iris photos with other gardeners around the world. E-mail us at into@schreinersgardens;com or send us a letter by snail mail. Below are some of our most recent. Curtis Hilbun in Louisiana talks about the iris he ordered last fall: 'T absolutely GORGEOUS, with many plants producing as much as fo five blooms stalks. I have been the envy of the neighborhood! Than introducing me to this wonderful beauty!!! I'm hooked!!!!!!" Masayasu Nagasawa,one of our Japan shared with us some pictures of his Iris "Both my wife and I enjoyed TB flowers season." Jasmine Gr New Jersey photos of h some prais received las wanted to t the beautifu received las summer ... T are top quality—very large indeed! ... I was rewarded with some of the most exquisite blooms! My were all exclaiming everytime I saw them!" Mark Lakatos in Hungary sent us this picture of award winner, Worl one comment..."Beautiful!" Others have chosen to express their fondness of Iris through poetry were so kind to share them with us and we'd like to share them with Thank you poets! Robert Johnson of West Boylston,Massachusettes, sent us his poe hq://www. schreinersgardens . com/default. asp? W CI=webpage& W CE=whatsnew& W CU=.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 4 wrote:"...since you have devoted your life and livelihood to the devel growth of Irises, I thought I would share it with you." "Blue Irises" Eleven year old,Evan Biggs wrote us after "...a field trip down to your beautiful gardens. to compose a poem about it." "An Iris Field" Iris Companion Plants Companion Plants Add Beauty To Iris Gardens A great way to care for your Iris garden is by adding a few plant pals to Glorious `Companio complement your Iris. Companion plants will soften the sometimes harsh, rigid lines of Iris foliage and can keep your garden beautiful when DSL (11.6 spring has faded. In our own gardens, we use pansies and Icelandic Modem (3.1 poppies as a low border and taller lupines and delphiniums to (Requires Quic complement the height of the Iris. Flowers such as peonies and oriental poppies bloom at exactly the same time as Iris; together they can put on a spectacular garden show.. Thalictrum and aguilegia can add an airyand lacy perspective to an Iris garden, while achillea a are excellent companion plants for hot, dry climates because they can handle the lack of moistu choice of companions is unlimited. Heaths and heathers act as excellent edging plants. Roses a can also make good companions for lonely Iris. Irises with varied leaves such as Iris pallida vari purple tint of some Iris leaves give a new look to the standard green leaf. With a combination of perennials, your garden can be beautiful any time of the year. Iris Care Tips July, August and September are the ideal months to start digging and transplanting your Iris. W that the earlier you get your Iris established the better they perform the following year. It's imper of newly transplanted iris be well established before the growing season ends. In areas with hot mild winters, September or October transplanting may be preferred.For more on planting see ou Iris Articles Everybody's talking about Iris! Look at what's being said about us. Nationally recognized Sunset Magazine featured Schreiner's Gardens in of their May 2001 issue. To view the article click here. Siberian Iris are coming into their own in the Iris world. This popular sped recently featured in the August 2001 issue of Family Circle Magazine. Th three-page spread talks about their appeal and satisfaction. Click below to read the article. Req Acrobat Reader. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=whatsnew& WCU=.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 4 of 4 Family Circle page 1 Family Circle page 2 Family Circle page 3 Photo Contest Results Thankyou photographers! Thanks to all of those who sent in your entries for the photo contest! photos to photos that stood out from the rest.ln the meantime, keep t photos. Photos selected were: Cathy Prince of Dallas, Texas, received the ho catagory of "Most Bountiful Garden". This origi shows that Iris can look beautiful with compani over nature. Michelle Ayers of St. Lo sent us this picture of O It received the honors of Variety". Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com .__._......_......... ................ ...._......._....._....._..._.....__.. Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=whatsnew& WCU=.. 03/13/2002 Sghreiner's Gardens rr1l�tyl���r ,; Page 1 of 11 Order a Free Iris Catalog Frequently Asked Questions To list all questions pertaining to a category, click the link below for that category. • Bloom • Louislana Iris • General • Planting • Hybridizing • Siberian Iris • Iris Care • Visiting • Iris Trouble When do Iris bloom? Tall bearded Iris bloom in the spring for 3-4 weeks. Our bloom season here in Oreg generally runs from about May 1 to June 6, depending on the weather. Our peak blo is normally May 20th to the 30th. The Dwarf Iris bloom earlier, in mid April. Do Iris bloom only in the spring? Several varieties have been known to rebloom after the initial spring bloom season (usually 4-8 weeks after initial bloom). Subsequent blooms are not as reliable as the initial bloom, depending on the quality of the soil, climate, and geographic location. Remontancy is not guaranteed. We offer a special collection that features rebloomin Iris. How can I extend the life of my blooms as cut flowers? For longer lasting flowers cut your Iris early in the day with the buds just opening. PI them in a bucket of tepid water and recut the stem end underwater at an angle one i up. Display your Iris in a cool niche away from direct sun and drafts. Pinch off and remove wilted flowers immediately. Check the water level every other day and reple as needed. I love Iris, but their bloom season is just too short. Any ideas? An Iris clump should bloom for about two weeks. There are some Tall Bearded Iris t bloom early and some that bloom late, so try some of each to lengthen your season a week or two. Consider some of the smaller bearded Iris, such as the Intermediate Standard Dwarf Bearded Iris, as you can add a month to the beginning of your bloo season using these. And finally, consider the reblooming Iris, which can give bloom i the summer and fall. http://www.schreinersgardens.conL/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Go to top General What do I receive when I buy an Iris from Schreiner's Gardens? Page 2 of 11 You will receive a single rhizome of each variety ordered which has 6 inches of green foliage. Each rhizome has a wooden label attached with the name the variety printed on it. How can I keep track of my variety names? Once the label is removed from a rhizome at planting time all Iris look exactly alike. I you want to keep track of the variety name (or color) make a chart of the Iris as you plant them. Keep this chart handy for reference when they bloom in the spring. Anot way is to prepare a permanent garden marker with the variety name and place it ne the rhizomes. These garden labels are readily available at many nurseries and gard supply stores. Do you sell gift certificates? Yes, we offer gift certificates in $5.00 increments starting at $20.00. Do Iris have a fragrance? Most of the Tall Bearded Iris we sell have at least a faint fragrance. Some have a m potent fragrance than others. Consult our catalog for specific Iris that have a strong fragrance. We also offer a collection that features several of our most fragrant Iris. How do I learn more about Iris? We offer several excellent reference books on Iris, as well as a full-color video. Click here to see our selection. Are there any organizations I can join for Iris lovers? Yes, the American Iris Society is a non-profit volunteer organization made up of dedicated Iris lovers. Their goal is the promotion of the culture and improvement of I To visit the American Iris Society website, click here. Membership inquiries should b addressed to: http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 11 Anner M. Whitehead, Membership Secretary PO Box 14750 Richmond, VA 23221-4750 AISMemSec@aol.com Do you have a minimum order? Yes, we have a minimum order of $15.00 (excluding shipping) for orders in the Unit States. Do you have wholesale pricing? Yes, we offer our Iris at wholesale prices to licensed businesses. Our list of wholesa prices is available in mid-June. To be eligible for wholesale prices, please forward u your business's registration or certification numbers. Do you send catalogs and Iris to Canada? We will send catalogs to Canada for a cost of $7.00. We do not, however, send our f mini -edition to Canada: Write and ask for our Canadian terms of sale. Do you ship Iris overseas? We do export Iris overseas, but these shipments also require additional expenses fo shipping and inspection. Please contact us if you're interested in placing an oversea order for terms that are specific to your country. Our minimum overseas order is $100.00. What special events are planned for Iris bloom season? The city of Keizer has its annual Iris Festival and grand floral parade the third weeke in May. Schreiner's Gardens also hosts our popular barbeque chicken dinner with a afternoon of Dixieland jazz music every Memorial Day. Are there some Iris that are good for a water garden? Yes, there are some Iris that prefer wet conditions. We recommend either Louisiana or the species Iris pseudacorus variegata. Both of these types of Iris are naturally a water or bog plant and are excellent either in or next to ponds. How do you get an Iris Lover's Catalog? Our 72 page full color Collector's Edition of the Iris lover's catalog is available for onl $5.00. Just click here to order your catalog today. If you place an Iris order you will b added to our mailing list and receive next year's catalog free of charge. When will you ship my Iris? http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Scbreiner's Gardens Page 4 of 11 Our shipping seasons runs from early July through mid October. You may request a special shipping date during that period. Can /pick up my order at the gardens? No, we are strictly a mail-order company. How many Iris varieties do you,have? We sell about 500 different varieties and grow another 1000 more named Iris for observation and enjoyment. Why are some Iris so expensive? A new Iris offered to the public for the first time is called a "New Introduction." New introductions are priced at $50.00 or more the first year. In successive years there a more plants available so the price goes down. The price of an Iris is based on a grower's supply and demand. Go to top Hybridizing How do Iris reproduce? One way Iris reproduce is by growing side increases (usually 3-4) like eyes on a pot These eyes grow into fully mature rhizomes in one year. This is known as asexual vegetative) reproduction. How are new Iris plants made? Another way Iris reproduce is by seed propagation. Anyone can hybridize Iris from seed. All that's needed is a little basic information on where the pollen in found and where to put it. Growing Iris from seed culture produces new varieties genetically. How do you hybridize with pollen? #lobft polm Wm WJ10CW Paw WSOM "d ,sy a bnm him sect Damt bmvQr To produce a new hybrid, pick the po bearing anther from the center of the flower. Rub the pollen on the top of t stigma of another Iris flower. Your chances of a successful pollination w be better if you put pollen on all othe stigmas. Label your pollinated flower attaching a tag bearing the names of which Iris parents you used. If the pollination is successful, the ovary, which is just below the flower, will http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 5 of 11 begin to grow after_ a week and develop into a seedpod. How do you grow Iris from seed? Go to top Iris Care Do my Iris need watering? Iris initially need water after they have been planted and throughout the first growing season to help their root systems become established. Established Iris will benefit fr watering in the spring, but need no other watering in most climates. Infrequent deep watering is much better than frequent shallow watering. It is always better to under water than over water. "Iris Care" DSL (8.8 Mb) Modem (2.4 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) What kind of fertilizer should I use? One month before bloom season, while the tulips are blooming, apply a low -nitrogen well balanced fertilizer, such as 5-10-10 or 6-10-10. Keep the fertilizer several inche away from the rhizomes. In late September, fertilize again with bone meal. .http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens What should I do when my Iris become crowded? Page 6 of 11 To ensure a good bloom, we recommend thinning iri clumps every three or four years. In the late summer, up the clump, separate the new rhizomes, and replant What care do my Iris need once they are established? Always keep your Iris beds clean and free of weeds. After they bloom, cut off bloom stems close to the ground. Watch for diseased or dying leaves, and rem them immediately. In the late fall or early winter, cut healthy leaves back to about six inches. Do my Iris need winter protection? We recommend covering newly planted Iris, especia in areas with cold winters. Soil, straw, pine needles, leaves are all effective covers. Remove the cover as early as possible in the spring. Early planting will als help your Iris become established before the first wi Are there any weed -killers compatible with Iris? Unfortunately, there is no one chemical that will kill all weeds and not also harm you Iris. There are herbicides that will kill grasses while not harming the Iris. There are al pre -emergent herbicides that will keep weed seeds from germinating while not harm the Iris. Avoid using mulches, ground covers, or man-made weed barriers to control weeds around your Iris. If you cover your Iris with any of these, the Iris may quickly r There is really no substitute for hand weeding! Go to top Iris Trouble http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Sghreiner's Gardens Page 7 of 11 How can I tell if I have Iris borers? What should I do about Iris borer? they gorge themselves. Fortunately, we do not have Iris borers in the west. However, the Iris borer can pose a very difficult problem in the Midwest and along the east coast. Th hatch in the spring and chew into the leaves leaving chew marks on the margins of the leaves. They then bore down through the leaf, leaving long wet lookin streaks on the leaves. Once they get into the rhizome What they don't eat then can rot. First, always maintain a clean garden. If you see the borers in the leaves, situ squash them. We recommend using the insecticide Cygon 2-E. Spray in two week intervals from about the time the tulips bloom through mid -summer. A 10% solution of Murphy's Oil Soap (one part soap for every nine parts water) can be used as an organic alternative to Cygon. My leaves have yellow and brown spots. What should I do? Excessive moisture and rainy or humid weather can 1 to this problem known as leaf spot. Always remove dead leaves, and cut off and destroy any leaf or part leaf that is affected. In the spring, about six weeks before bloom, begin a regular spraying program with fungicide. Using two fungicides alternately is often more effective than using one exclusively. What should I do about slugs, snails, and other pests? In early spring, or when you notice damage from slugs and snails, bait for these pes using whatever method you prefer. Aphids, thrips, and whiteflies can be controlled b insecticide such as Cygon 2-E or Malathion. Insecticidal soaps can also be effective What should I do to control soft, smelly rot? Excessive moisture can sometimes lead to outbreaks of bacterial rot. It is imperative that you remove the rotting tissue as soon as possible. Remove the soil from around rhizome, leaving the roots anchoring the plant. Using an old spoon, carefully scoop all the mushy tissue. If necessary, dig up the entire plant and remove the rotten tiss After removing the tissue, drench the wounds with a 10% bleach solution 0 part ble to 9 parts water) and allow them to dry for several days before covering with soil ag My Iris aren't blooming. What can I do? For Iris to bloom consistently, they need full sun, good drainage, lots of space, and quality soil. To improve your chances of bloom, add fertilizer and divide large clump http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Sphreiner's Gardens Page 8 of 11 Only 60-75% of Iris bloom the first year after planting. Sometimes they need an extr year to become established. Unusual weather conditions or late spring frosts can al harm bloom. Do Iris change color? We have grown Iris since 1925 and have never seen an Iris change color. Iris do not change color -it's simply a genetic impossibility. If your Iris are blooming in colors different than you'd expect, what is more likely to have happened is that your Iris are overcrowded. More vigorous varieties will tend to crowd out the less vigorous varieti Give your Iris lots of space, and divide them every three or four years. When you div them, be sure to dig up the entire clump, not leaving behind any new shoots that mi get mixed in with your new varieties. Another possible explanation is that a chemical drift from a chemical spray (such as the weed killer Roundup) affected your Iris, pos warping and damaging the flower and its color. My Iris look healthy and produced stems, but the buds never opened. What happened? Your Iris are growing very quickly in the spring before bloom. This new growth is ver tender. A cold night can abort the growth of the bloom buds. My Iris leaves are wrinkled up. Why? Sometimes an Iris fan will have stunted growth and the foliage will appear like corrugated cardboard. This is called "pineappling." No one knows the exact cause o pineappling, but though unsightly, the plant will not be lost. It is not a contagious disease. Such abnormal growth is probably due to unusual weather conditions. Normally, the side increases will grow fine and not be affected. Why don't all my Iris grow the same? Each Iris variety has its own personality. Genes control the color of our hair or eyes, likewise play an important part in Iris growth. Some Iris are very vigorous and increa rapidly. Others grow more slowly, are shorter, and have less disease resistance. Go to top Louisian Iris How should I plant my Louisiana Iris? Plant your Louisiana Iris in full sun. They grow best in acidic soil (pH 6.5) that is prepared with lots of organic matter, humus, and compost. Good drainage is not necessary, as these Iris do well in mud and water. These plants can be planted at a time, but we suggest planting in August and September. When you receive your rhizomes, soak them in water overnight before planting. Keep the tops of the rhizom one inch below soil level. Use a general fertilizer such as 10-20-10. After planting ke them moist, not allowing the rhizomes -to dry out. hq://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 9 of 11 How do I transplant my Louisiana Iris? Select a location that will allow for three year's increase. Leave about 12" between rhizomes. Keep Louisiana Iris moist between digging and transplanting. How should I care for my established Louisiana Iris? Keep the soil well fertilized. Use manure or compost, or add a side dressing of artific fertilizer in the spring and fall. Water regularly, but Louisiana Iris do better with more than average water. Use a layer of mulch in the summer, especially in hot, dry clima to prevent the soil from drying out. Cut back dead and decaying foliage in the late fal cold areas, put a thick mulch of straw or leaves around the rhizomes during the wint Be sure to remove the mulch in early spring. Go to top Planting Where do Iris grow in the USA? Iris grow well in all the United States except southern Florida, Hawaii, or Puerto Ric Though the Iris will grow lush leaves, the likelihood of bloom in these areas is very I "Iris Planting" DSL (6.0 Mb) Modem (1.6 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) When should I plant my Iris? July and August are the best months to plant (or dig and divide) Iris. If you live in an area with very hot summers and mild winters, then September or October would be better. Where should I plant my Iris? Plant your Iris in a location where they will receive a least half a day of sun. For healthy Iris and good blo full sun is best. Partial shade is beneficial if you live an area with very hot summers. Do I need to build raised beds for my Iris? http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch . 03/13/2002 Sphreiner's Gardens Page 10 of 11 Good drainage is imperative in growing Iris successfully. Anything you can do to improve your soil's drainage will be rewarded. How can I improve the quality of my soil? You can improve your soil's drainage by adding coarse sand or humus. Gypsum is an excellent soil conditioner for clay soils. The ideal pH for Iris is 6.8. Lime can be added to acidic soils and sulfur to alkaline soils. How far apart should I plant my Iris? planting. How deep should I plant my Iris? Can I pot my Iris? Plant your Iris approximately 12 to 2 inches apart. Planting them closely gi an immediate effect, but the Iris need be dug and thinned more often. Disea problems may be more acute with cl Plant your Iris so that the tops of the rhizomes are exposed and the roots a facing downward. A common mistak to plant Iris too deeply. Yes, Iris can be successfully grown in pots. First, sel a roomy pot. A 6" to 8" pot will work for Dwarf Iris; 12" pot will work for Tall Bearded Iris. Make sure y pot has good drainage. For soil, we recommend 45% bark, 20% pumice, and 35% peat moss. Leave at leas one inch below the pot's rim, and leave the top of the rhizome exposed. Water only when the top two inch of soil are dry. Overwatering will cause rot. Keep th pot outdoors during the winter. When bloom buds be http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 Sphreiner's Gardens Page 11, of 11 to appear in the fans, bring the pot inside and place in a bright sunny window After bloom, be sure to divide your Iris and replant outside or into more pots. Go to top Siberian Iris How should 1 plant my Siberian Iris? Upon receipt, soak your rhizomes in water overnight. Plant your Siberian Iris deeper than other Iris, covering the rhizomes with one or two inches of soil. Space your pla two feet apart. Use acidic soil (pH 5.5 to 6.9). Peat moss, compost, and humus all w as soil enhancers. Plant your Siberian Iris where they will receive full sun. Good drainage is essential, as Siberians thrive in moist but not soggy conditions. How should / care for my Siberian Iris? Keep your rhizomes moist, as they should never be allowed to dry out. Lightly fertiliz the spring and after bloom. We recommend using mulch during the first winter to prevent any damage. When the foliage dies back in the fall, cut it off close to the gro and remove it. Go to top Visiting Is Schreiner's Iris Gardens open to visitors during bloom season? Our beautiful 10 acre landscaped display gardens are open to the public from dawn dusk, seven days a week during bloom. Our garden gift shop and cut flower show ar open from 9 a.m. until 6 p.m. during that time. How do I get to the Iris gardens? From 1-5, take exit 263, the Brooks/Gervais exit. Turn east onto Brooklake Rd., and drive to the stoplight. Turn right onto 99-E. After about a mile, turn right at the blue Schreiner's sign onto Quinaby Rd. We're on the right about half a mile down the roa For a map to our gardens click here. Go to top Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info@schreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=WebPage&WCE=FAQSearch 03/13/2002 M Schreiner's Gardens Page 1 of 5 • Our Crew . Acres of Gardens for . Bloom Season Event • Iris Excellence Welcome to Schreiner's Our Crew customer satisfaction, too. We've dedicated three generations three-quarters of a century to bree the finest Iris in the world. It's our d quality and constant improvement Iris that has earned us numerous international awards. Our family's The Sc dedication Legacy" isn't just to breeding and DSL 18. growing the Modem finest Iris in (Requires the world. Our aim is Our growing fields are constantly monitored during the season to ensure you receive top quality hardy, disease resistant and pest -free. Each rhizome is hand -dug fresh from our fields and individually hand -packed. You will receive A - first class condition, ready to plant. We guarantee your satisfaction! Join the thousands of satisfied Iris lovers who have watched their gardens burst into bloom with I Schreiner's Gardens. Ten Acres of Gardens for Visitors Springtime Tradition Each spring, hundreds of acres of magnificent Iri Schreiner's, and people from around the world c With good reason, too ... In business since 1925, nation's largest retail grower of Iris ... 200 acres in viewing acres open to the public free of charge. Our growing fields, in Oregon's beautiful Wiliam http://www.schreinersgardens.comldefault.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=about&WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Schreiner's Gardens Page 2 of 5 ideal growing conditions. From this valley, know production, we ship only the finest of the crop. You receive them straight from the growing fields, fresh, vigorous Iris. And they're sent at prime planting time ... July, August, or September. Come and Visit You'll see thousands of Iris, from the deepest black to pure white, fire red to azure blue, glowing copper to velvety purple. Solid color blooms contrast with multi -hued beauties. The spectacle of row after row, field after field of brilliantly blooming flowers is well worth the visit. In addition to our fields of cultivated Iris, our spectacular display of groomed Iris gardens are available for the enjoyment of our visitors. Over 500 named varieties will be in bloom this season. Spend a spring morning strolling through our Iris gardens, bring the family for a picnic lunch(tables are available) or steal a romantic moment at the end of the day surrounded by bloom and sunset.We are open from dawn to dusk daily. Ask for the expert's "Bible"...our 72 -page Collectors catalog of Iris . More than 300 Iris pictured in true-to-life color, including comprehensive listings of dwarf, intermediate and tall bearded varieties. Full of information and special offers ... just $5.00. If you like, you can order our free Mini -Catalog, which is printed and delivered in the spring. This spring, treat yourself to a day at Schreiner's Gardens. Soak up warm spring sunshine. Mary of color.Bring home fresh cut iris blooms or, order rhizomes for your friends and yourself. And to instructions for growing these lovely flowers. Viewing Area Open all of May through the first week of June, 8:00 a.m. to dusk. Make Schreiner's Gardens a s tradition... and bring a friend! Maps to our location: Just 32 miles south of Portland and 5 miles north of downtown Salem, Schreiner's is located at 3 http://www.schreinersgardens.comldefault.asp?WCI=webpage& WCE=about& WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Ffhreiner's Gardens Page 3 of 5 Road NE in Salem, Oregon. From Portland, take 1-5 south to the Brooks exit 263. Go west on Brooklake Road,turn left on Riv mile, then turn left on Quinaby Road. From Salem, and points South, take 1-5 north to the Chemawa exit 260. Go west on Chemawa R west of 1-5 following signs to Volcano Stadium. Continue heading north past stadium and turn rig ,Bloom Season Events Iris Festival Join us next spring during the annual Keizer Iris Festival in May of 2002! Enjoy a self -guided walking tour of groomed Iris gardens and enjoy Bloom Season at its best! Annual Chicken Dinner Plan to join us for our Schreiner's Iris Garden Memorial Day Chicken BBQ featuring the culinary celebrities, the Gervais Knights of Columbus, and features the music of the Capital City Jazz Ba event takes place every Memorial Day and is filled with fun for the whole family. Irises and Wine We had the profound pleasure to host the pre-release of two new wines from Amity Vineyards, n for Iris, the Rainbow Goddess. For the first time, of what promises to be an annual event, Amity Vineyards released its two new Schreiner's Iris Gardens on Memorial Day weekend. Visitors also had the opportunity to taste the "Ravenous Rose" is a dry Rose with a brilliant pink hue d the Gamay grape. This wine features the Schreiner's origi Iris.on the label. Both Iris and wine are perfect for a spring Amity Vineyard has also joined with Schreiner's Iris Garde "Rustic Royalty" Iris, now nicknamed "Schouten Vineyard" new line of Single Vineyard Pinot Noirs. Wine will also be purchase. Details on future events for Spring 2002 will be posted as available. Gift Shop While visiting our magnificent gardens during bloom seas shop for a unique garden treasure. Our gift shop features gardening books and handcrafted artwork, as well as othe accessories.Choose a gift of stained glass, pottery, sculpt a selection of potted spring flowers. Hours are 9 a.m. to 6 Iris Excellence Over the years our Iris have received various distinguishe h4://www.schreinersgardens.com/default.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=about&WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 hreiner's Gardens "Iris Hybridizing" DSL (17.9 Mb) Modem (4.8 Mb) (Requires QuickTime Player.) Page 4 of 5 "Oscar" of Iris awards, the Dykes Medal, to the equally sp Medal. Dykes Memorial Medal • The Dykes Memorial Medal is the highest award an Iris can re William R. Dykes(1877-1925), an English botanist and author of The Dykes for America is an annual award given by the Bristish Ir through the American Iris Society. We've had the pleasure of receiving the distinguished medal ten t honored were: Blue Sapphire(1958), Amethyst Flame(1963),Step - Victoria Falls(1984), Dusky Challenger(1988), Silverado(1994), H (1995), Hello Darkness(1999) and Yaquina Blue (2001). y , Premio Firenze • Many of our Iris received awards at the 2001 Iris Trials in Fiore ` - following plants received honors at the:World Premier, 2nd Place Cup);"Lenten Prayer", 4th Place(Italian Iris Society Silver Medal); Place(Honorable Mention);"I've Got Rhythm", 10th Place(Honora Coastal Mist, Best Late Variety. "Lenten Prayer" also won the Co Silver Plate for Best Red Variety and "Bold Fashion" won both th Commerce Prize for Best Commercial Variety and the Florence G Most Original Colour Variety. John C. Wister Memorial Medal In 2000,American Iris Society voted to honor our Iris Celebrati Wister Medal, a highly regarded honor for an Iris.The award is giv bearded Iris in its class each year as voted b AIS judges. Y Y 1 9 In addition to awards specific to Iris,our firm has been awarded for various achievements in horti Men's Garden Club Medal • The Men's Garden Club of America awarded Schreiners the H Achievement in Iris Award with bearded Iris in 1966. .,N Foster Memorial Medal • The British Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens the Fost Plaque for assiduous efforts in hybridizing new Iris in 1963. AIS Hybridizer's Medal • The American Iris Society awarded Schreiner's Gardens their Award twice, in 1954 and 1998, for noteworthy contributions to th new Iris. hq://www, schreinersgardens. com/default.asp? WCI=webpage& W CE=about& WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 hreiner's Gardens Page 5 of 5 Perennial Plant Association Award • For noteworthy achievement in hybridizing, Robert Schreiner, the Perennial Plant Association's Distinguished Service Med the American Iris Society's Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement. Massachusetts Horticulture Medal • The Massachusettes Horticulture Society medal was also awa Schreiner in 1975 for his lifetime dedication and service for Iris. Copyright 1999 Schreiner's Iris Gardens Send e-mail to info(dschreinersgardens.com Best viewed in Internet Explorer. Designed by Systems Management, Inc. http://www. schreinersgardens.conildefault.asp?WCI=webpage&WCE=about& WCU=aboi.. 03/13/2002 Main bed Entrance Beds Entrance Beds Office Beds Office Beds Office Beds Total Sq. ft. Iris Bed Measurements 175'x 93'= 16,275 Sq. ft. 6x35=210 Sq. ft. 6 x 27 = 162 Sq. ft. 136 x 18 = 2430 Sq. ft. 5 x 67 = 335 Sq. ft. 35 x 18 = 630 Sq. ft. 20,042 Sq. ft. 01 Farm Waste Source 2000 1. Marvin Marjama a. Potatoes b. Straw 2. Bend Garbage a. Horse Manure b. Straw 3. Rafter J Ranch a. Horse Manure b. Straw 4. Amir AI Mar a. Horse Manure 5. Steve Newman a. Horse Manure 6. Lama woods a. Lama Manure & Straw 7. John Moss a. Lama Manure & Straw 8. Tree Trim Co. a. Wood Chips e 4V Compost Measurement 31 x 8 x 274 approximately 1200 yards of unfinished compost material As rough triangular pile with the center 4 to 5 feet lower that the perimeter (which is not apparent until you walk the pile). To enrich the soil for plant production you would have to amend the soil as a normal good practice according to the master gardens assoc. by adding 4" of compost amendments. Which would require 540 yards per acre Customers Compost Sold To Gene Hall 1. 2 yards @ $15.00 $30.00 Lorna Cerezia 1. 4 Yards @ $15.00 $60.00 2. Member of Master Gardeners Assoc. .3. She requested to include my co. in there resource book a. I declined due to the on going dispute Major Customer Sales 2000 & 2001 2000 1. Central Electric a. Spring Clean Up b. Left Materials on sight 2. Scott Bruder a. sight cleanup b. trash hauled legal dump sight c. Ranch 80 acres 3. Louise Murooney a. New landscape 4. Max & Penny Garoutte a. Sight preparation b. Left materials on sight c. Ranch 97 acres Total sale for above customers Gross sales for year 1,2050.00 4,460.00 6,329.00 30,329.00 53,168.00 158,442.00 2001 1. Ben & Libby Westlund a. Spring Clean Up b. Left Materials on sight c. Ranch 35 acres 2. Frank & Carol Brian a. Sight Prep c. Left Materials on sight d. Ranch 40 acres 3. Max & Penny Garoutte a, Fall clean b. Left Material on sight d. Ranch 97 acres Total sales for above customers Gross sales for year 4. Brad & Leba Dorsay a. New Landscape 12,825.00 37,900.00 7,745.00 58,470.00 180,037.90 8950.00 Weekly Employment Date 2/12 3/10 3/23 4/6 4/20 4/27 5/4 5/18 6/1 6/15 6/29 7/13 7/27 8/10 8/24 9/7 9/21 10/4 10/19 11/2 Employes 6 3 4 (sec) 4 ( sec) 6 (part time) 1 (sec) 6 (part time) 7 (part time) ( sec) 6 (part Time) (sec) 6 (part time (sec) 7 ( part time (sec) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Amir Al Mar Arabians 64299 High Mowing Lane Bend, OR 97701 February 24, 2002 Deschutes County Commissioners 1130 NW Harriman Bend, OR 97701 Dear Sirs, This is a Letter of Affirmation on behalf of Mr. Gary Brian and his small business company , B8TB Landscape Maintenance. We are a small family owned Arabian Horse Ranch in Deschutes County, which contributes approximately $60,000 annually in purchases of labor, supplies and services from professionals, growers, and retail suppliers of goods and services to the Agricultural economies of our county and the state of Oregon. One of the daily bi-products of our horse ranch operations is the development of excess manure and soiled shavings from daily cleaning of our barn horse stalls and paddocks. We distribute some of these products as fertilizer across our grass pastures, but a significant remain- der must be transported off the ranch for environmental recycling. B8TB Landscape provides this essential recycling service in a responsive and efficient manner. In earlier years we have used other firms to assist our operations with this service, but they are no longer interested in this type of business. We are pleased to commend B8LB Landscape as an important provider of environmental recycling services for excess animal manure products for County agriculture businesses. Sincerely, --� ]ohn �. Shepard, Own r MERRILL O'SULLIVAN, LLP MAX MERRILL ATTORNEYS AT LAW TERRENCE B. O'SULLIVAN BRIAN J. MACRITCHIE 1070 NW BOND STREET, SUITE 303 TIA M. LEWIS JULIE L. GREGORY DAVID E. PETERSEN BEND, OREGON 97701 STEPHEN D. DIXON PHONE (541) 389-1770 ANDREW C. BALYEAT FAX (541) 389-1777 OF COUNSEL- PATRICIA L. HEATHERMAN BRIAN L. GINGERICH Iawfirm@merrillosullivan.com JOHN M. COPENHAVER DAVID W. SMILEY March 18, 2002 Deschutes County Board of Commissioners 1130 NW Harriman Avenue Bend OR 97701 Re: CU-01-83/SP-01-52 (A-02-1) Dear Commissioners: As you know, our office represents Gary Brian with regard to the above -referenced appeal. The following is our memorandum in support of the appeal. The Applicant's property is zoned MUA-10 and the Applicant has been engaging in a nursery and landscaping operation on the subject property for the past several years under the belief that the use was permitted outright in the MUA-10 zone. Following a receipt of a notice of code violation complaint by Deschutes County for operating a business on the property without a permit, the Applicant filed the present application for a conditional use permit and site plan approval to establish a commercial activity in conjunction with farm use on the subject property. As you know, the Hearings Officer denied the Applicant's request on the basis that there was no farm use of the property. The Hearings Officer reasoned that the Applicant's Iris beds are "approximately '/z acre in size and look like the large flower and vegetable garden many rural residences maintain on their property." Hearings Officer Decision, p. 5. She further reasoned that because the Applicant does not sell the Iris or the hay generated on the back 5 acres of the property, or use the plant materials to support livestock, there was no farm use. Id. In so doing, the Hearings Officer misinterpreted the evidence before her and narrowly interpreted the definition of farm use in a way that unreasonably restricts farming practices in violation of ORS 215.253.1 1 ORS 215.253 prohibits any jurisdiction from imposing restrictions or regulations in a manner that would unreasonably restrict or regulate farm structures or farming practices if conditions from such practices do not extend into an adopted urban growth boundary in such a manner as to interfere with the lands within the urban growth boundary. While ORS 215.253 by its express terms applies to farm use land situated within an EFU zone, the Hearings Officer's decision interprets the definition of farm use which, in Deschutes County, is the same for EFU lands as it is for MUA-10 lands. As such, the Hearings Officer's narrow interpretation of the definition of farm use, if upheld, will result in an unreasonable restriction on farming practices conducted on EFU land. The Land Use Board of Appeals (LUBA) has specifically ruled that the prohibition against unreasonable restriction or regulation of farm use stated in ORS 215.253 is not limited to local government enactments, but applies as well to local government quasi-judicial land use decisions. Mission Bottom Association, Inc. v. Marion County, 29 Or. LUBA 281, 286-287 (1995). Board of Commissioners March 18, 2002 Page 2 In addition, the Hearings Officer failed to address all of the issues raised by the Applicant below. Mainly, that all or part of the Applicant's operation constitutes an "agricultural use" as that term is listed in DCC 18.32.020(A) as an outright permitted use and defined in DCC 18.04.030. In fact, the Hearings Officer ignored this argument altogether and found that the term "agricultural use" is a part of the definition of farm use. As a result of the pending code violation complaint and the Hearings Officer's decision, the Applicant is left uncertain as to the nature and scope of the permissible use of the property. The Applicant's operation contains several components, including the nursery (the existing Iris crop and the planned tree/shrub crop), the compost operation and the landscaping services. Set forth below is the Applicant's argument as to why all of these components can and should be permitted on the subject property. 1. The Applicant's operation is a farm use Despite testimony and evidence in the record that the current value of the Iris crop was well over $100,000, that the crop was not yet mature enough to sell and that the rhizomes from the existing Iris plants will be split into an area that will encompass 1 %2 acres this Fall, the Hearings Officer ruled that there was no farm use. In response to a direct question by the Hearings Officer, the Applicant testified that he did not sell cut Iris flowers at this time. However, what the Hearings Officer failed to understand is that the Applicant's plans to split the rhizomes and replant them prevents the sale of cut flowers or rhizomes because the stock is not yet mature enough to sell. Relying on the language in the definition of farm use requiring "the current employment of the land for the primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money," the Hearings Officer ruled that because the Applicant does not sell the Iris and the beds resemble a large flower or vegetable garden, there is no farm use. In so doing, the Hearings Officer ignored the explanation of the meaning behind the language "current employment of land for farm use" as explained in ORS 215.203(2)(b)(C) to include land planted in perennials prior to maturity. Obviously, if the definition is specifically meant to include land planted in perennials prior to maturity, the farmer is not going to be able to show an actual profit until the plants are mature enough to sell. Furthermore, the Hearings Officer ignored existing case law explaining the requirement in the definition of farm use that the land must be employed for the "primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money" to be an objective test that focuses on the activities that are occurring on the land rather than on the actual motivation of the owner or operator. For example, in Friends of Linn County v. Linn County, 37 Or. LUBA 280,283-284 (1999), LUBA ruled that the term profit in the definition of farm use does not mean profit in the ordinary sense, but rather refers to gross income. Likewise, in Cox v. Polk County, 39 Or. LUBA 1, 3-5, rev'd on other grounds 174 Or. App. 332, 25 P.3d 970 (2001), LUBA ruled that the primary purpose requirement is directed at the activities that are occurring on the land, not the actual motivations of the owner or operator that conducts those activities. Similarly, in DLCD v. Wallowa County, 37 Or. LUBA 105, 110- 112 (1999), LUBA ruled that the pasturing of livestock is a farm use even though the owner's Board of Commissioners March 18, 2002 Page 3 primary purpose in pasturing livestock on the property was to reduce fire potential by reducing ground cover. These cases make it clear that the test for determining whether or not a particular use constitutes a farm use is not whether the farmer has made a profit but whether the farmer, through the activities being conducted on the property, is capable of making a profit. See also, 1000 Friends v. Benton County, 32 Or. App. 413, 575 P.2d 651 (1978); 1000 Friends v. Yamhill County, 27 Or. LUBA 508 (1994); and, 1000 Friends v. Douglas County, 4 Or. LUBA 24 (1981). The Hearings Officer's decision also ignores the legislative history of ORS 215.203. In Rutherford v. Armstrong, 31 Or. App. 1319, 572 P.2d 1331 (1977), the Oregon Court of Appeals traced the legislative history of ORS 215.203, pointing out that from 1967 to 1973 the statute required only that "the whole parcel" produce a "gross income from farm uses of $500 per year" to satisfy the requirements of "obtaining a profit in money." The $500 test was deleted from the statute in 1973. Since 1973, the statute has remained silent with respect to specific standards for determining what is meant by "obtaining a profit in money". However, based on the legislative history of ORS 215.203, the Court of Appeals ruled that the use of the term "profit" in that statute does not mean profit in the ordinary sense, but rather refers to gross income in as much as this was the test under the former $500 standard and is the present statutory test for un -zoned farmland. See, 1000 Friends of Oregon v. Benton County, 32 Or. App. 413, 421-423, 575 P.2d 651 (1978). In response to the Hearings Officer's ruling that the use of the subject property does not constitute a farm use because the Applicant has not demonstrated that the land is employed for the primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money, attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is the Applicant's Business Plan showing the current value of the Iris stock, the profit from the sale of compost in 2001, the anticipated profit from the sale of Iris and compost in 2002 and the anticipated profits from the sale of Iris, trees, shrubs and compost for 2003-2005. This business plan demonstrates that the Applicant's Iris and compost operation meets the requirement that the land be employed "for the primary purpose of obtaining a profit in money" as those terms are used ,in the definition of farm use and have been interpreted in the above-cited case law. Also submitted into the record during testimony at the appeal hearing will be retail market value sheets showing that the price of individual Iris plants ranges from $7.50 to $45.00 per plant. The evidence in the record shows that the Applicant has over 8,000 plants in the ground and growing on the property at this time. Furthermore, the Hearings Officer erred when she ruled that the Applicant's compost operation does not constitute "the current employment" of the land. In issuing this ruling, the Hearings Officer misinterpreted the testimony of the Applicant that all of the compost would be used on the subject property to be applied as a soil amendment to improve the soil for the planting of the nursery stock. The Hearings Officer assumed that all of the compost would be applied to the back 5 acres in the future to amend the soil. However, the Hearings Officer ignored the Applicant's testimony that clippings and trimmings from the existing Iris beds were placed into the compost pile and that the compost was and is applied as a soil amendment to support the Board of Commissioners March 18, 2002 Page 4 plant stock in the existing Iris beds. See, Certified Transcript, page 25, lines 8-17. The testimony before the Hearings Officer was that the Applicant spent one year preparing the soil with compost to support the existing Iris plants and that 200 yards of the compost on site will be used to split the Irises in the Fall. As discussed in our initial Burden of Proof Statement and the Supplemental Burden of Proof Statement submitted to the Hearings Officer, the compost piles on the property are a product of and support the Applicant's farm use. The Applicant currently estimates that thirty percent of the material in both compost piles was generated on the subject property and that forty percent of the material is currently being used on the subject property. The percentages of compost material being generated on the subject property that will be used in the future will increase dramatically when the back 5 acres are put into tree and shrub production next Spring. In fact, all of the existing compost will be necessary to amend the soil to split the Irises and plant the trees and shrubs. The question of how composting relates to the term "farm use" as it is used in the state statutes and in various county codes has been analyzed by LUBA and the Oregon Attorney General. In Best Buy in Town v. Washington County, 35 Or. LUBA 446 (1999), LUBA found that a composting operation which receives all of the material used to produce the compost from off- site and which sells all of the compost for off-site use was not a farm use as that term is defined in ORS 215.203(2)(a). Significantly, LUBA recognized that the essential nexus of the use of the land required by the use of the term "current employment" would vary depending on the nature of the use and that an operation in which some of the materials used in making the compost were generated on the subject property or in which the end product was applied to the subject property could satisfy that nexus. In that case, the county staff and the hearings officer for Washington County had the benefit of a Memorandum from the Assistant Attorney General to DEQ addressing the issue of whether a composting operation could be considered a farm use. A copy of that Memorandum was submitted to the Hearings Officer attached as Exhibit 8 to the Applicant's Supplemental Burden of Proof Statement submitted by letter addressed to Paul Blikstad dated October 23, 2001. A copy of that Memorandum is resubmitted here as Exhibit 2 for your convenience. Likewise, the dicta in LUBA's opinion in J & D Fertilizers v. Clackamas County, 20 Or. LUBA 44, aff d 105 Or. App. 11, 803 P.2d 280 (1990), while not dispositive, is also instructive in this case. In that case, the applicant was hauling chicken manure to the subject property, storing it there and subsequently transferring it to another site for processing. LUBA held that this use did not constitute a farm use under either the first or second sentence of the definition of farm use in ORS 215.205(2)(a). However, LUBA specifically stated that the second sentence in the definition of farm use (i.e. "the preparation, storage and disposal by marketing or otherwise of the product or byproduct raised on such land for human or animal use") does not require that all of the agricultural products involved in such operations be produced on the land where the preparation takes place. Furthermore, in Friends of the Creek v. Jackson County, 36 Or. LUBA 562, 575-578, aff d 165 Or. App. 138 (2000), LUBA ruled that "just as irrigation is indisputably Board of Commissioners March 18, 2002 Page 5 an accepted farming practice, it seems equally obvious that fertilizing and taking other appropriate action to improve the productivity of the soil is also an accepted farming practice." In the present case, the Applicant's production and preparation of the compost for use as a soil amendment, both in the existing Iris beds and for the back 5 acres, is integral and vital to sustaining a healthy and viable nursery stock. The production of this compost reinforces the profitability of the agricultural operation and the likelihood that the agricultural use of the land will continue. The value of compost to farming operations as a soil amendment, particularly in dry climates with poor soils, has been studied extensively and is well documented. Attached as Exhibits 5, 6 and 7 to the Applicant's Supplemental Memo to the Hearings Officer (via letter to Paul Blikstad dated October 23, 2002) are several agricultural publications discussing the value and use of compost in farming operations. Also attached hereto as Exhibit 3 are additional publications addressing compost as it relates to farming. Finally, the Applicant's landscaping operation is also a part of the farm use in that it is the vehicle through which the Applicant markets his farm products. Farm use necessarily and by definition has a commercial component. The Applicant's Business Plan demonstrates that a small percentage of the Applicant's operation is devoted to landscape maintenance while the majority is devoted to the marketing of the plant and landscaping materials produced on site. The small percentage devoted to landscape maintenance is similar to the sale of souvenirs and non -arm products from the winery approved in Craven v. Jackson County, 308 Or. 281, 799 P.2d 1011 (1989). 2. The Applicant's operation is an agricultural use. In the alternative to a finding that the Applicant's operation constitutes a farm use, the Applicant argued that all or part of the operation constitutes an agricultural use. Agricultural use is an outright permitted use under DCC 18.32.020(A). Contrary to the Hearings Officer's ruling, the term does stand alone and is not, at least as it exists as a separate outright permitted use, dependant upon the definition of farm use. Hearings Officer Decision, p. 5. Agricultural use is defined in DCC 18.04.030 as "ay use of land, whether for profit or not, related to raising, harvesting and selling crops or by the feeding, breeding, management and sale of, or the produce of, livestock, poultry, fur -bearing animals or honeybees or for dairying and the sale of dairy products or any other agricultural or horticultural use or animal husbandry or any combination thereof not specifically covered elsewhere in the applicable zone. Agricultural use includes the preparation and storage of the products raised on such land for human or animal use and disposal by marketing or otherwise. Agricultural use also includes the propagation, cultivation, maintenance and harvesting of aquatic species..." (emphasis added). Clearly, the definition of agricultural use as that term is used and defined in the Deschutes County Code is broader than that of a farm use in that it does not contain the language requiring the "current employment of the land for the primary purpose of obtaining a profit." Instead, the definition of agricultural use means any use of the land, whether for profit or not, related to the raising, harvesting and selling of crops or any other agricultural or horticultural use. Thus, even if the Board were to find that the Applicant's operation does not constitute a farm use as that term is used and defined in the Board of Commissioners March 18, 2002 Page 6 County Code and the state statutes, the Applicant's operation would constitute an agricultural use. The Applicant is clearly using the land in a way that is "related to raising, harvesting and selling" perennials, trees and shrubs. The Applicant is preparing and storing compost on the property (thirty percent of the ingredients of which come from the subject property and all of which is used on the subject property) to use as a soil amendment to support the nursery stock. The Hearings Officer's decision did not discuss this issue raised by the Applicant at all except to improperly find that the term agricultural use is a part of the definition of farm use. 3. Commercial Activity in Conjunction with Farm Use. As discussed above, the Applicant maintains that his entire existing operation is either a farm use or an agricultural use as those terms are used and defined in the Deschutes County Code and the state statutes. If the Board should find that the operation does constitute a farm use, the Applicant requests conditional use approval for a commercial use in conjunction with farm use to allow retail sales of the plant and landscape materials on site. The facts and criteria related to this aspect of the proposal are set forth in the Applicant's initial Burden of Proof Statement and supplemental testimony and evidence. Furthermore, if the Board should find that some components of the Applicant's operation constitute a farm use while others do not, the Applicant requests that those components be permitted as a commercial use in conjunction with farm use. We appreciate the opportunity to submit additional evidence and testimony and respectfully request that the Applicant's proposal be approved either entirely as an outright permitted use or partially as an outright use and partially as a conditional use. Thank you for your careful consideration of this matter. Sincer A M. LEWIS tia@merrill-osullivan.com TML/kc Enclosures M A I N T E N A N C .xr.lN✓I.V••.YUrnoil-.�Irr.N/`M�ilvll.iY•r.rYtM•uI/l✓....�..11.�n.�l�.n..vAuw+N/I+.n..IM.-.,I.I��—.ii..♦,..,.+n..•....`I.w�iO..A.,.Ar...yp�..r��l�•.NAU�.♦,•...al........`Yw�.h../,.. r..•�l.r✓��Irr..Wl�V•✓�. • P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 wwW.bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnet.com ij B&B Land Management f Nursery Operations Business Plan i 5 -page Plan attached i i i Mr. Gary Brian is a business owner with an excellent sense of business savvy in < his field of agriculture. Mr. Brian studied agriculture and horticulture at Cal -Poly s and has well over 30 years experience in his industry. He has been a "hands on" operations manager of some of the largest nursery and landscape operations in the United States. Mr. Brian, owner of B&B Landscape is on year 5 of a 7 -year business plan to build his dream. That dream is the Nursery Operation of B&B Land i Management. T - Mr. Brian has successfully planned, implemented and managed his nursery = operation from its infant stage beginning in late 1997 with 1150 Tall Bearded Iris '- rhizomes. What started as an $8600 investment is now valued at well over $128,250. By year 2004, this iris bed will be mature and will be the source of rhizome & cut flower sales well in excess of $200,000 with a valuation estimated 2 at $500,000. This is due to the nature of rhizome reproduction and excellent plant/soil management. s i Planned along side the iris operation is the production of nursery stock to include ornamental trees, shrubs and compost materials for selling the trees and shrubs. Total gross sales from the Nursery Operation are planned at over $590,000 in ' year 2005. The Nursery Operation would bring financial benefit to Deschutes County by ' employing 4-8 people seasonally and year round. Funding for the Nursery Operation has been managed and planned carefully by Mr. Brian. His operation of B&B Landscape has provided the ability to market the ? { plant materials grown on site and has provided the cash flow to develop the i nursery bed of iris, develop the compost stock currently valued at $15,000 as 3 well as planning the development of the tree and shrub operation. Not to ` mention over $30,000 spent in attempting to defend and obtain the CUP on his z 10 -acre property. f s - r t Page 1 of 2 s �W.r.N•••, � n.••+r.Aw.♦♦•♦M WI r.�.u.u..r.•v. ♦w •+r••••. W♦Ir•.M�wu)wW M♦V •u � A Vr1 Y /1 W ./ M!/ /I.4..V I4 M l l'\M.A IVAgW I♦ V'M'/ WN/�uAN. W /Ilry.rplVU• NN•I• I W u..rar ja W/ ♦yr.y1•� 0 :.x..f\VYV. rr i4wl.Mr �YrrrHr Barr/vrr.iY....Y`rww//lL..r.�..141r.'IIYrNrww..M N�N.r.. .. M._.IY. Ir�ili.. ...aN.Y •.♦1.rrN..F..rlr.Yrs.\.iI.hLYI.I.....M..•.Y.\'Nw�iL..M.r♦r.Y.�,\.i1.p.LVI.V.YUV \. ` P.O. Box 9068. Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 i www.bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnef.com Mr. Brian has not incurred debt to plan and startup the Nursery Operation. In his financial planning, he has.chosen to fund the operation strictly from the cash flow provided by the Landscape operation. Therefore he has had to phase into the ` Nursery Operation, as cash flow would allow. As there is no startup debt to repay once the Nursery Operation has started sales s of viable plant product, Mr. Brian will reach his goals of ROI and profitability ' s within 2 years from now providing the CUP is permitted for his property. If the CUP is not permitted, Mr. Brian stands to lose 7 years of investment, all of t his profitability coming in the next two years and his retirement resources. The investment totals nearly $200,000 by the end of next year and his profitability and '- ROI will not come to fruition. T The attached documents support the viable farming and/or nursery operation that has been in process since 1997. Document A: Nursery Operations Flow Chart Document B: Mr. Brian's business operations with planned Sales Document C: Mr. Brian's business operations structure s i Document D: Nursery Operation Planned Income Statement Document E: Nursery Operation Planned Production s i L i a i i 3 i 1 i 1 ; t r � s : i F Page 2 of 2 = ynM/�1Yy(INti1rA\.rY�Mi a W11rYwMrr..•4.1M ^►Yr••\4•I/^hw/.41i Y+W N.I,�W a -Q.1 Y/IW.r'•Wt/Il141W ytl/ •kM. AIY . � .1\1W/11W W.1,109 L M T N A N C �.Jh,.. \f VII V• V �ff.nre.. �.r /rN�M�I/v II,�Yf.4fvn.Y//n... r.M.r W �' /I�J...vA...++N/.+.n..I M...1 f. I��..In1. •,..•..f... •....�f. •� / 4. ✓.... <,..,�.. ✓i ♦Irw/4\./�1 �,..rrf`.. •...\`N �� l h..F. ,.I,.1.�f ♦ ri ♦I,M�L\�11<I.�IY P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 S www.bblandscape.com bblandscape®empnet.com i Document A 4 Nursery Operations Flow Chart - i i i i i } 4 Nursery B&B Land Management S 4 - i i BBLM Nursery Operations s � s s t 3 2 L Ornamental Iris Compost Shrubbery Tree Production Production Production Production i i F 314 Inch Caliper Rhizome Compost Trees Sales Sales 14 Inch Diameter ? R Shrubs t 3 Cut Flower Compost On f 13/4 Inch Sales site Usage Caliper Trees 30 Inch Diameter t Shrubs "s �Iyf.pN...,1 n..drr.gw..<�My.W ..�wwu w..r. w ^.......a.wo.MNV'41) wW �IgI�W ►anln/ Y / 1\u •✓ f.MN IIiWfY14 4i/ ('\M IA lY..gW II \V'N/ WN//�ldf V rrlYgn`fM lV U`NNI.I rw...,/yrw/ wn<Ir''� I M Is E NCE :•y.l YIyYY V••.iU•IYMMYIYY�YYNh MI./V II.IY+.•Y`vNY//h.n •.SHY ✓1 �'� V\NrN•A\.Vr+NfN•w..SYN•••IY.I\I�•ii..1..•hvY�..�•.. h•N���I..J .•i r.Yr�,Y�r .�IrhWVl4�•r•n�Y...�•.\h•Y. ��rl.. ✓....I •. Yr�ry.♦ ��Irwu.W�Yn�uY �• P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 ; www.bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnet.com Document B Nursery Operations With Estimated Sales ' l 4 t i ' BBLM B&B Land Management ; r 6 i 2 l C 7 I Nursery Landscape i Operations Operations s � a s - ' Estimated (2005) Actual Sales Sales $599,550 $190,000 R Total Sales y $789,550 r e s i 1 •��W MNYY•• � IIN'+InvA���'�MI WI IY�W M• rrYr.Y•4M •1Y'••Y W/•�.N�4.4f11YW YN�1Y WI ► s V �R V / You it �Y/l/ /I.MYW I41/J I'�MYAtY^q.y iI AWN•/WH/w�(1IY\Y YN//M`wY�vU• rlN.h /W .� /•rye ✓y/ w•�i�F� MAINTENANCE Y.,�!\lu•. V. r•VN•Art.1�1�.•ir•r Mll/VII,iY•,�.4\�vM�4//A...,.�..11.In•1/y J.. ww..VN.IIN,w. .•�. �..I\.�•ir..�,..hM..•... �•M���li. ✓.•... ,.�.Wy.�.ILW-A...,..M......1•MAI.h..F...i Document C P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 ; r www.bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnet.com Mr. Brian's Business f Operations Structure i < i ? 4 L i BBLM B&B Land Management P - i ` i i al 's i a 1 = S i r S - t_ Nursery Landscape Operations Operations s • f a � } s ' ` f f r � s 1 s i 1 �nN/U•••/n.unlr�ry\...N�gyWI♦•SWM.rr.•`4SM^.....��4WN.Y�.!•al)wWW—V�W—JWF v/\•A IYA%—#l\WN•/wMM/.IN��iv/ A•WglVI..NN.iI/ /SMI/Wnq� ).JMyI \�Yl. �.,. iM �l\. y. r `r�„IIIr Ml,/v ll•�y..1'y`yµ.y///N.,.. W ✓In.11y.l,. i f i Document D Nursery Operation Planned Income Statement Business Plan - Through Year 2005 i I\,moi//..�„•,.�1..r •.., \.,.w�,M1../....I,.Y�y„i,♦ ��41.,I.\,Iu�n...'y...•...NYw�ih. ✓.. ,.i,.r��,,.\.. �Vh,WI�Y.�er r. P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 www.bblandscape.com bblandscape@emr)net.com i s Planning / Production / Propogation / Startup Phase ROI - Return on Investment 4 --- - -- - - -- - - -- - -- - - - -- -- -> ------------------ --- - -- - - -- -- - > f 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Sales Bearded Iris $ - $ $ - $ - $ $ 1,000 $ 2,500 $ 256,650 $513,300 Ornamental Trees 3/4" Caliper $ - $ - $ - $ - $ $ - $ 22,500 $ 22,500 $ 22,500 Ornamental Trees 1 3/4" Caliper Shrubbery 14" Diameter $ $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ $ $ $ 28,750 $ 28,750 $ 28,750 $ $ 5,625 $ 5,625 $ 5,625 Shrubery 30" Diameter $ - $ - $ - $ - $ $ $ 14,375 $ 14,375 $ 14,375 Compost by Yard $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 750 $ 3,750 $ 7,500 $ 15,000 $ 15,000 Total Projected Sales: $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 750 $ 4,750 $ 81,250 $ 342,900 $599,550 1 Cost of Sales Water & Fertilizer $ 500 $ 500 $ 500 $ 500 $ 500 $ 550 $ 550 $ 550 $ 600 Y Propogation Labor $ 2,340 $ 4,680 $ 4,680 $ 4,680 $ 4,680 $ 10,000 $ 15,000 $ 40,000 $ 80,000 Nursery Supplies $ $ - $ - $ - $ 2,500 $ 6,500 $ 6,500 $ 16,500 $ 26,500 I Compost / Pot Material $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 5,000 $ 10,000 $ 15,000 $ 18,000 Total Cost of Sales $ 2,840 $ 5,180 $ 5,180 $ 5,180 $ 7,680 $ 22,050 $ 32,050 $ 72,050 $125,100 ; Gross Profit $ (2,840) $ (5,180) $ (5,180) $ (5,180) $ (7,680) $(21,050) $ (29,550) $ 184,600 $388,200 E Expenses s s Initial Bulb Investment $ 8,625 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ s Initial Compost Investment $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 - Initial Tree Investment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 1,500 $ 1,500 $ 1,500 $ 1,500 i Initial Shrub Investment $ $ $ $ $ $ 500 $ 500 $ 500 $ 500 or Initial Labor Investment $ $ - $ - $ $ - $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 Initial Tree/Shrub Bed Development $ $ - $ - $ - $ $ 10,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 $ 5,000 All Other S/G/A Expense $ - $ - $ $ $ 25,000 $ 20,000 $ 25,000 $ 30,000 $ 40,000 Total Expenses $ 9,625 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 1,000 $ 26,000 $ 42,000 $ 42,000 $ 47,000 $ 57,000 Net Profit $ (12,465) $ (6,180) $ (6,180) $ (6,180) $(33,680) $(63,050) $ (71,550) $ 137,600 $331,200 � S t J 1997 through 2005 or 7 years of work and planning with no debt incurred to become profitable. ? year averaged profit per year is $33,690 if this plan is achieved. 3 f a g } 1 i Page 1 of 2 i ^+w NNa�•/Iri�4I�/�»�v��IIA\1111r�viM�rY..•Y.11yy..i....�\4•IlN�it�./'41iwW N�4 �0/►I Vy7 Y/IWi/aM!/1Ii44\YI44Jt.\1nIAlYA\W/r\V'N�/Wil/A�/f/t\\tV.�//F�M�VU•NN,I.I\y rrll� j a Vl W� 414,rp� MAINTENANCE :.Y•..f \Iv1. V. ,. Y.\•11..1-.11.r,.HINi./ v.I.�Y...4rvw, y//h.....� W ..fin. /�J., H•n..yr+N�.+.....i �..-... I i�. ii.. �,,...�... ....• . �� . Ii.,Fi,.. r...yw. \.✓i �I,wW l� � n...+l... •... \•N �� .1,. ✓....... „yA.... � I...,.V I�v.�u. .. P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 = www.bblandscape corn bblandscape@empnef.com 11 r i i Document D Nursery Operation Planned Income Statement s Business Plan - Through Year 2005 3 Plan Assumptions: s c 1. Business Plan is off 1 year due to Conditional Use Permit Process 2. Nursery would have had an ROI in 2003, now pushed profitability to 2004. i > 3. Compost onsite costs less than $3 per yard to process. If purchased, costs i increase by 5 fold from $3 to $15 / yard. t 4. If Nursery is allowed to proceed, the = compost operation is vital to the success of the nursery. The volume of the nursery clippings, trimmings, product loss, weeding all would become an intergal part of the F compost being produced onsite. NOTES: F 1. Mr. Brian has started this operation s ol with funds generated by the landscape & snowplow business. 2. Mr. Brian has not borrowed any capital for his startup operation. He has managed excellent financial planning. 3. The reason for the longer time lag in s the nursery operation from investment to time to market is due to time needed for propagation of plants to maturity; and to Mr. Brian diligently planning his operation and funding from his own cash flow rather than digging into debt by borrowing money. i i � f i r s s Page 2 of 2 y Z �rn.nN1�••rrlrr•1�vAwr..�NyWrr.�w.a.•r...V.t»•+r....��.wn.MnyYtlwW r• ,Iewrl.ww/wrn+lei..w�.,..�nwu•�«.,•w...,.vcw�w.•,r�'t M.l1�W ►.V.r/Y/IW./�Nf//I 4.\Y14 �'% \M.AIY ' LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE :.Yv.1\WIV.r.i1\•1\•„Mr`rrrNl-M„Ivll.it•,•Yrvw.V//n...r..ulWn.r/�.".w�..vr+N�•r.w.,rM•-Ir.1\,�i/i..I,..,.•1...•....•1•��.A•J.i..i...,V,q....y�l•w,N.I..�n...+n......�•r. S ��r4. �...•.. \,fir. .. �l,r..�vl.vYUY •.,+w,. ii. P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 s www.bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnet corn f i Document E � Nursery Operation Planned Production ' Business Plan - Through Year 2005 fe j S i 4 Planning / Production / Propogation / Startup Phase ROI - Return on Investment j i -------------- -__ - ---------- - - - -- - - -- -- - 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 ---------------------------------------------------> 2002 2003 2004 2005 j Production: Bearded Iris 1,150 2,200 3,300 4,400 8,550 17,000 34,200 68,440 136,880 Ornamental Trees 3/4" Caliper 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Ornamental Trees 1 3/4" Caliper 500 500 500 500 Shrubbery 14" Diameter 0 0 0 0 0 250 250 250 250 Shrubery 30" Diameter 250 250 250 250 ! Compost by Yard 0 0 0 0 50 250 500 1,0001,0001 Total Planned Items: 1,150 2,200 3,300 4,4008, 600 19,250 36,700 70,190 138,630 i Value _ Bearded Iris $ 7.50 , $ $ $ _ $ $ - $ 1,000 $ 2,500 $ 256,650 $ 513,300 `- Ornamental Trees 3/4" Caliper $ 22.50 $ $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 22,500 $ 22,500 $ 22,500 $ 22,500 Ornmental Trees 1 3/4" Caliper $ 57.50 $ $ $ - $ $ - $ 28,750 $ 28,750 $ 28,750 $ 28,750 Shrubbery 14" Diameter $ 22.50 $ - $ $ - $ $ - $ 5,625 $ 5,625 $ 5,625 $ 5,625 Shrubbery 30" Diameter $ 57.50 $ $ $ - $ $ - $ 14,375 $ 14,375 $ 14,375 $ 14,375 } Compost by Yard 15.00 $ $ _ I- 750 Total Sales Projections: $ 3.750 7,500 $ 15.000 $ 15,000 S $ $ $ - $ $ 750 $ 76,000 $ 81,250 $ 342,900 $ 599,550 = l� 1 S = S Assumptions: 1. 2002 Bearded Iris Sales Est. $1000 2. 2003 Bearded Iris Sales Est. $2500 3. 2004 Bearded Iris Sales Est. $256,650 Selling 50% of crop 4. 2005 Bearded Iris Production at 50% due to sales starting in 2004 t 5. Iris priced at $7.50, or $3.00 less than Oregon averaged Iris price. s 6. Composting Expenses are based on onsite compost production, not purchased 7. Ornamental 3/4" caliper & Shrub 14" diameter sales range from $15/30 each, averaged at $22.50 for plan 8. Ornamental 13/4" diameter & Shrub 30" diameter sales range from $50/60 each, averaged at $57.50 for plan ii i i • a f 3 r � l e t i Page 1 of 1 4 L 1 's �Y�•nN•••,�Ir•..i�•Aw•••a/KWn�w•u••r..•44.M•w••••/Wwn.M�y.411wW a M•u�W ►aV�IY/IW r•'•\Iri/I W\YIN M%1'\MAIYAgw i1\V'W/WN/��(d1\•r.A•/A..Yp IVUMN,IrrW ur�W/W�p� L A N D S C A P E MAINTENANCE :JN.IYI✓..••rel\rAw.1.r..H�Mr/�I..Y....4.1`'n.4//M•r....l.-�^'V J..w^..vr+NNr....r.....i..1Y...r iir.......M......•..^/i..h..r...Y.�..rr.1.r.W1u.,..,.+M.. -....•...Ii..rt.. ,.. ,.Y.�YY .I.r..44/v.uY ...ww P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 www.bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnet.com / Photo Inventory Key t i - i Photo's 1-15 are showing local nurseries with homes onsite. t i Photo's 16-20 are showing local ranches with manure piles composting. f Photo's 21-37 are showing Mr. Brian's neighbors properties. i Photo 1 Sage Creek Gardens - Sign f Photo 2 Sage Creek Gardens - Nursery `- Photo 3 Sage Creek Gardens - Home Photo 4 Cascade Gardens - Home Photo 5 Cascade Gardens - Nursery t Photo 6 Dave Kimmel Nursery - Sign Photo 7 Dave Kimmel Nursery - Nursery Photo 8 Schilling Solar City - Sign Photo 9 Schilling Solar City - Nursery ` } Photo 10 Schilling Solar City - Home Photo 11 Jim's Tree Farm - Sign Photo 12 Jim's Tree Farm - Nursery / Home S Photo 13 Cocco's Trees - Sign Photo 14 Cocco's Trees - Nursery Photo 15 Cocco's Trees - Home a Photo 16 Amir Al Mar Arabians - Manure Photo 17 Amir Al Mar Arabians - Manure s Photo 18 Rafter J Ranch - Operations i Photo 19 Rafter J Ranch - Manure Photo 20 Rafter J Ranch - Manure Photo 21 Veelle - Aqua -Garden Supply Operations Photo 22 Veelle - Aqua -Garden Supply Operations Photo 23 Veelle - Aqua -Garden Supply Operations 3 Photo 24 Veelle - Aqua -Garden Supply Operations ` Photo 25 Veelle - Aqua -Garden Supply. Operations Photo 26 Veelle - Aqua -Garden Supply Operations f s Page 1 of 2 1 i l Z IN.wN••••/1....I�nw..'�M►W..ww1.•rr.•U4M •r....aWIrN.{INa17w'W .r/.vW � -8" /N/!/,II.YYYI41.1 1w.Alr ,ja (\..wwllYWMr/W/i//'1/o.Y.IVimW.lv4i/N.n.W...raYW.W�yf� I A N D S C A P E MAINTENANCE :.Y.rrt\IYNV•rr iNrnMftll.VNO.II�NII/VIIr�Y••IrY\rN'Y//n...r.1NILIw'IIyJ•rN•w..MrlrNrn..IIN�••11.I\I—�//r.1,..rM..••...rNw�IN../...r.r.Y•Myt...i��Irn.LVI�Ir....M..••...�Nw�IN..F�..I r. r.�... ✓.�1•n ILV1�V•uuY .•u.A P.O. Box 9068, Bend OR 97708 541-388-0158 t www. bblandscape.com bblandscape@empnet.com Z i Photo 27 Veelle - Backyard with Horse Run ` Photo 28 Veelle - Backyard Photo 28.1 Veelle - Backyard with West Arena on Neighbors' property Photo 29 Bushes - Abandoned cars Photo 30 Bushes - Out Buildings Photo 31 Ewalt - Feedlot & Home Photo 32 Ewalt - Buildings & Equipment Photo 33 Ewalt - Home & Feeding Area in front of home Photo 34 Ewalt - Backyard with cattle close to home Photo 35 Ewalt - Backyard with cattle Photo 36 Pankey - Pond & Cattle run behind home Photo 37 Pankey - Backyard through fence e > T _ 3 li S 3 2 t art i f i S_ r e t - i e 1 ; i l i � f c t Page 2 of 2 �W.wN•••.gni..l��nw..•�M4.1�1..�«.�M.•�..V..�,v ••,..••.. \a.w.n.{��.l�l/it.W N.0 �W �aVa/v/IW./i./r/.!/.4\\Y14 �'i/1'\M.AIV..gw il.WN•/WH/��lot\.�V,v/mwMlvY•NN•I.rW u.1/arW/ • � . > ''jl 't'P'Lt ��:- f ��^. i �'���Pks�CF e A�n � J low _ ..4 : � aq �.�. 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Ccmposdsg FACMda and Laid Use You asked for advice re - � pEQ'= proPOsed relnsladoc of cammeniai and the potential vladon of 017t1'3 land use laws to the proposal. cctripostas Your questions v= sct fortis below, followed by my rtgx uses. Quenon 1 Are uses fof forest and agriadmad yes set An& in stela abtac? Am =Mp nftg f=Mdcs oA this HO If not, can hell gove t=Mt add composthig mea to the list 3a the sta�utte? /uaawer Uses for hx=t soaes ora addressed by Coal 4 of t1 w s6atewide pbmbg gaols adopted by the Lard Consw adoa and Devalopauat Com CU PDrsaant to CBS 197.225 of seq. and, mare Hy. OAR 660.06.025. Uus for a *dMrai leads (Sm ase) ora c0blidud in OU 21S.M 2" 215.213. MkM mar be ddW defined 'Um usaa,' permitted, or.=Wb*d tries. Some csaandes addWOMIIp provido for m1mcd use so=. Composft iacilides ale clot ca dm fa= use, P=dMe4 or condldonal use &M as Stich: 1m+cv=, depe: &nir on the gwciiia lata, composting may be amri6e -- • a farm U30 • s CMMWcW activity In coiyuncdoa/v th a faun use (oo &Aoaal I=) • it non oon6vcmutg use osi21/e0 la :24 12504 229 slly DEPT of .ML, *y 280 19% Page 2 Qo02 QOp1.1OQs- iso dei9aitim of farm sue in ORS 215.2M does not Apodficany meadon 0=4ns ftg. Howeto f� use. M g for usa an the farm site spay wolf be son w��ty Illaeiy be a coesat�► detarmin,td� in the first fAst A. A cotamecW aoatposftg cpcndm whom Compost is produced far Sala ar use o!f- sitc may. or may not boii eodercd a c0t=ctdal activity 3n wttj�� a f.. use under OBS 215.283(2)(Q ", a mxgdoaal use) This datMulnWOn VmWd drpead on 3ndMdual dusty atttirimem and comprehestzive pla= a ooadiA Co of by DEQ Vada ORS 459.449 could be established as 215.283 tY sPP�s1 in a fame use lane pvrstaant W ORS CLQ).. An cwug eoMposting facility Gould be ttopaatlaff. .pre�ting nou oo c=ing u& -.if lawfunly Lac21 govestu =ts can not add uses to the existing statutory Usm. Quatdoa 2 Are matposdns f antis a Sana -farm eine?" whu if at &== is reedving fend shock !bora off-thr, *=V osdng U and uUina Or sites away the Mdshe4 cam Answer ?�* gaas*M is, for rise most put,addrcmd is ow answer to gacsd6a ons A °Ooposnag facilrty may' t in any of time cft=i= fsaa use, = Madai acd%* in oo�uac tlm with s furca ttse (ooadlticaal rasa) or proadsdag nos-Cmfomft nsa dqmft sot the na of the opt. ( ?.ffi a��b d aonddemd a *site for to &qxm i of solid wamr Sae 7(2)Q). A=vtt r Vader ORS 459.005 a rompoft ph= is osp:e&dy &AAW as a disposal rite. P:avmably a pleat is a &M- ity dedgm d -far oommercial *Mid= Uader O= 459.005. bowoera, *, tiro which is used far disposal,. b=diiog at disposut site' The' our p ==pdm m � rX:. Vontrol of the p:+amiszs to ofIIA ._. _._- --V VV(V gsiieios 15:26 21`503 226 5120 Camra Ban UAY 29, 1996 .PAP 3 ALCV PROGR" DM aF JUSTICE 0001 0004/408 mat�aL Me,`ef•cM at�s . Composnan des other ttu �rAtxc l com P rule- ' f solid waste tabled to huts maY be t by DEQ peet�mitW co n 1uh= ats OZts 4Sg gats di"wl of solid vvasta'as � m Ute, therefncc, would be sites fnr ' (z)0). QueMon 4 Of UV°�8 yrs am "a &c for digvW Of =olid waste,' wlxdd the ro d 'regb=don be caasidered a DEQ pmu t? See [ORS 283-21S](2)Q). Answer II •- be eonnde'red Mmiftd faciliaesl unless the 1 z C wem ect of �scmtioa dno,'= 8�C1 P�� (L&* pertait by rule). ere to charActcd= dwm � am Questions Slnc biosoUds (smp sludge) conR� 60-0e3 will be w'LW quality Pte. caw tkey be ahead la forest and A�ultcusl lands? uAder DEQ No, tutTeas the Commission, by� � cothat the wrater gttali�Y Pau nsda� a derma solid waft PM* Qua" 6 VIM at the land use issues for esisoa compost fw i&d New tldlides? F-j� MMP=dcg facMdes that =Y be kc ideatal to a ftudue pcaduca compost oA-dW for 4ppli=f= an-dta may be cAasldecad farm watati n, Le., Exwg °Omp°sftgAdieft Ow WY Pmduw wMgMst Ger mla cr um by od=s may be P Aoa-ooafiarmiag use+ ($= ORS 213.130) andtor cvasida ed by dw local �t ss mal activities in mea with ft= usca, new =nPQsbg hcMtift cOvId Ply be aoasidere4 facts oses if pradedn aspost xOwY for on-ske ApoiczdciL be a41dd r� Pedtfn for sale or vff�im ase ht amtvida � � �°�°� operadOns We condactrd on z farm site. 4 3dt •old ba;a; ��! °�= - - • -. ..... .iv.i -vTe sale . OS/Td/sg Is:Yp X503 229 SIYo PAttfn Y 23,6 . 199 DLCO pROGAAy - - - -- - J)m OF JUST14 P • loaf laud tis�� ivt� =Y W Pm=tted concur jttrl�Cdict6 t- QRS W.283(2)(n. °"� t� where ��,� �, t$e QvOU= 7 Ate MM other I=d use j=ms we ' to eonsidet? ORS 21S-253 and ORS 30.930 MI regulating farudno practice,� 8M to Farm Pmvida=) have some imPH=600 for operations. cr, they do not appW to us to impact ao mPosdag Questfcn a �g�110Ziio 'a cue �guage is ORS 215.183, hew woyd your�o�eisd vine fotmulaae mpc g facnitirs to allow than on -for" and 89d=tuzl 6W C�mdY, z alto solid waste disposal site penni b ire or gam!• solid waste Puts) would tpaice g = o r4dg either coedidonal Pbru4bVaibd=l use In Vieultud and forest tune*. A faaiww au Y trot affxt the land use statas of existing = g �Qufttment would �oob�oQs •,•e� j1j. j� r '-Con. post: What Is It and What's It To You Page 1 of 3 Miinia Caca emtive Extension V 4D imCompost: What Is It and What's It To You Author: A.H. Christian and G.K. Evanylo, Extension Specialists, Department of Crop & Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech; R. Green, Office of Solid Waste, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Organics Recycling and Composting Committee (ORCC) of the Virginia Recycling Association (VRA). Publication Number 452-231, Posted November 1997 Compost: What Is It and What's It To You Q. Is compost a peat? A. No. Peat is harvested from bogs and MATURE COMPOST IS used in dried. Peat is formed over long periods of time by the place of peat. It gives plants an decomposition of plant materials - - into a carbonaceous form. Peat advantage in increased nutrients is a non-renewable, limited resource material, used mainly by the and water availability, and reduced nursery industry as a soilless potting medium. disease pressures. Q. Is compost a mulch? A. No and Yes. Mulch can be either an MATURE COMPOST CAN BE inorganic or organic ground cover. Mulch can be pebbles, straw, used as a mulch. Its slow release of shredded paper, bark, wood -chips, plastic, etc., that helps to retain nutrients to the soil gives transplants increased protection and moisture. Compost can be used as a high quality mulch, especially around new transplants. nutrients, and water availability near the roots. Q. Is compost a soil? A. No. Soil is the uppermost layer of the MATURE COMPOST IS a earth. Soils are composed of various proportions of sand, silt, clay complexorganic into material table that has and small amounts of organic matter. been humus by microorganisms. Q. Is compost a chemical fertilizer? A. No. Chemical fertilizers MATURE COMPOST IS, in part, are inorganic compounds, composed of specific proportions of an organic mixture of plant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (and sometimes other nutrients), nutrients that are released slowly at that are soluble and readily plant -available. Commercial fertilizer a rate that is compatible with contains no organic matter. uptake by plant roots. Q. Is compost a manure? A. No. Manure is animal waste often mixed with bedding or sludge, and containing nutrients, weed seeds, and potential disease organisms. Raw or partially processed manure is not stable and can release nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus) at less predictable rates than compost. Q. Then what is compost and how is it made? A. MATURE COMPOST IS a stable humus material created by: combining MATURE COMPOST CAN BE produced from manure feedstocks and combined with bedding, leaves, chips or other carbon bulking agents. Proper composting destroys weed seeds and potential disease organisms. Compost: What Is It and What's It To You Page 2 of 3 organic wastes (e.g. yard trimmings, food wastes, manures) in proper ratios into piles, rows, or vessels; controlling temperature, moisture and oxygen to achieve accelerated decomposition; and adding bulking agents (e.g. wood chips), as necessary, to provide air space; allowing the finished material to fully stabilize and mature through a curing period. Decomposition is performed by naturally occurring microorganisms (e.g. bacteria, fungi) that utilize the organic materials for their food and energy sources. Proper primary composting involves temperatures between 110 and 150°F, moisture content between 50 and 60%, and adequate oxygen for the microbes. It is complete when pile temperatures decline and remain below approximately 105°F. A subsequent curing period of 2 to 6 months is required for the compost to mature, after which it will not overheat or produce unpleasant odors during storage, and can be beneficially used. Q. Whose friend is compost ? A. MATURE COMPOST IS the farmer's, gardener's, homeowner's, landscaper's, and nursery operator's best friend. Compost provides multiple benefits as a soil amendment, potting mix supplement, and mulch. BENEFITS OF MATURE COMPOST Soil / Plant Improvements • Improves soil structure • Improves nutrient holding capacity • Reduces soil compaction and crusting • Reduces fertilizer requirements • Increases ease of cultivation • Improves root growth and yields • Improves water infiltration and drought tolerance • Protects plants from disease • Increases microbial and earthworm populations Pollution Prevention / Remediation • Prevents erosion of embankments, roadsides, and hillsides. • Binds heavy metals iti contaminated soils. • Degrades many pesticides. • Absorbs odors and degrades volatile organic compounds. • Diverts organics from landfills into compost, reducing waste burden and methane production. Backyard compost bin (top) and mature compost. Windrow turner --mixes and aerates compost Landscapers use compost for soil building t. Compost: What Is It and What's It To You Page 3 of 3 For more information, contact your local Cooperative Extension Office or the ORCC (@VRA 703/549- 9263). Visit Virginia Cooperative Extension Growing Your Own Vegetables --Soil improvement (Oregon State University Extension S... Page 1 of 4 .. „ _ -I':. Growing Your Improving Garden Soil Own Vegetables Types of amendments Composting How to use amendments How much amendment to add? Container Gardens Cover crops Fall/Winter Gardens Making a poor garden better often begins with the soil. If your garden soil is poor, consider giving it some Fertilizing help. Insect Pests Adding organic materials to sandy soils improves their nutrient- and water -holding capacity. Adding organic Plant Diseases materials to clay soil improves drainage and aeration, and helps the soil dry out and warm up more quickly in Planting Guidelines the spring. Raised Beds Types of amendments Regional Tips Good organic amendments (additions) for garden soils Site Selection include wood by-products such as sawdust and bark mulch, peat moss, rotted manure, grass or wheat straw, Slugs and compost. Inorganic amendments include pumice, perlite, vermiculite, and sand. Soil Improvement Any composted material that has been reduced to Til ung humus is a good soil amendment. For example, rotted manure is an excellent soil amendment if it has been Warm -season Cr properly composted to kill weed seeds. Watering Unfortunately, many manures contain a lot of Weeds uncomposted bedding materials such as' sawdust, wood chips, or straw. These organic materials are high in carbon content and low in nitrogen and will inhibit More Information plant growth unless you add extra nitrogen. Microorganisms in carbon -rich amendments take free nitrate nitrogen out of the soil to build their own tissues. Therefore, less nitrogen is available for plants until the excess carbon -rich organic matter breaks down. Cover crops such as crimson clover protect garden soil from winter rain and add organic matter when tilled in. Growing Your Own Vegetables --Soil improvement (Oregon State University Extension S... Page 2 of 4 The breakdown of organic matter high in carbon content would take years with the nitrogen naturally present in cattle or horse manure. To speed up the process, mix additional nitrogen into your garden -at least 6 pounds of ammonium nitrate or 10 pounds of ammonium sulfate per inch of organic matter applied over a 1,000 -square foot area. Peat moss, with its high humus content, is the ideal amendment for raised beds or small gardens because it is nearly weed -free. However, it is expensive to use in large gardens. Inorganic amendments such as perlite, sand, and vermiculite don't contain humus or contribute to its production. Inorganics function primarily as wedges that separate soil particles, increasing soil porosity and aeration. Sand is low in both water- and nutrient -holding capacity and causes finer silt or clay soils to compact. Mix sand with an organic amendment such as peat moss or sawdust to improve the sand's amending properties. How to use soil amendments Thoroughly rototill any amendment into garden soil to prevent layering. Rototilling organic amendments into gardens in the fall gives soil microorganisms an early start on converting organic matter to humus. Another rototilling in spring will thoroughly mix in the amendments. (See story on tilling.) How much amendment to add? To make a significant change in your garden soil, an amendment must equal at least one-third of the volume of the soil you are amending. For example, to amend a garden to a depth of 1 foot, you need to add one-third of a foot (4 inches) of material. How much volume of material is this? Here's how to figure out (using a 20 - foot x 50 -foot garden as an example): 1. Multiply width x length to get area: 20 feet x 50 feet = 1,000 square feet 2. Multiply area x 0.333 (one-third of a foot) to get cubic feet: 1,000 square feet x 0.333 = 333 cubic feet Growing Your Own Vegetables --Soil improvement (Oregon State University Extension S... Page 3 of 4 3. Divide cubic feet by 27 to get cubic yards: 333 cubic feet _ 27 = 12.33 (1213) cubic yards Cover Crops One way to amend garden soils that requires minimum effort is to plant a green manure cover crop. An excellent winter cover crop for western Oregon is crimson clover. Plant 12 pound of seed per 1,000 square feet. Plant no later than October 1 and water the bed so the crop is established before cold weather sets in. When rototilled under in late April, crimson clover will produce 3 to 4 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. Fava beans or Austrian winter peas make an excellent spring cover crop for tilling under in the summer. Plant in early April at a rate of 12 pound of seed per 1,000 square feet. Rototill the crop when it begins to bloom. Rototill green manure crops at least 2 weeks before planting your garden. A final pass with the rototiller just before you plant usually is sufficient to prepare garden soil for seeding vegetables. Never rototill wet soil or you'll cause heavy clodding in the soil and a compacted "tiller pan" beneath the rototilled layer. A good seedbed contains loose, friable soil that is free of compacted lumps. (See story on tilling.) For more information, see the following Extension publications: . Cover Crops for Home Gardens, FS 304 (html) . Gardening with Composts, Mulches, and Row Covers, EC 1247 (pdf) . Planning and Preparing Your Vegetable Garden Site, EC 1228 (pdf) Is manure safe in the garden? Listen to an audio clip. Visit the rest of our site: What's new Search our site Gardening information News & features Progress marine Publications & videos Related Web sites Staff resources Extension and Experiment Station Communications . Oregon State University Extension Service Growing Your Own Vegetables --Soil improvement (Oregon State University Extension S... Page 4 of 4 Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University Updated: 5/10/2000; 3:38 PM G6956 Making and Using Compost Page 1 of 10 Agricultural publication G6956 — Reprinted April 1, 2001 Making and Using Compost Christopher J. Starbuck Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri -Columbia Compost is partially decomposed organic matter. It is dark, easily crumbled, and has an earthy aroma. It is created by biological processes in which soil -inhabiting organisms break down plant tissue. When decomposition is complete, compost has turned to a dark brown, powdery material called humus. The processes occurring in a compost pile are similar to those that break down organic matter in soil. However, decomposition occurs much more rapidly in the compost pile because the environment can be made ideal for the microbes to do their work (see Figure 1). Figure 1. A compost pile encourages natural decomposition of organic materials. Why make compost? Gardeners often have difficulty disposing of leaves, grass clippings and other garden refuse, particularly in urban areas. Missouri law bans these materials from landfills, so it has become even more important to find environmentally sound ways to dispose of them. These byproducts of the garden and landscape can be turned into useful compost with no more effort than it takes to bag and haul them away. Home composters avoid hauling or utility costs associated with centralized composting facilities and end up with a valuable soil conditioner or mulch for the landscape and garden. The value of compost Good compost consists primarily of decomposed or partially decomposed plant and animal residues, but may also contain a small amount of soil. Compost improves both the physical condition and the fertility of the soil when added to the landscape or garden. It is especially useful for improving soils low in y •:0 f ai 9�- p Figure 1. A compost pile encourages natural decomposition of organic materials. Why make compost? Gardeners often have difficulty disposing of leaves, grass clippings and other garden refuse, particularly in urban areas. Missouri law bans these materials from landfills, so it has become even more important to find environmentally sound ways to dispose of them. These byproducts of the garden and landscape can be turned into useful compost with no more effort than it takes to bag and haul them away. Home composters avoid hauling or utility costs associated with centralized composting facilities and end up with a valuable soil conditioner or mulch for the landscape and garden. The value of compost Good compost consists primarily of decomposed or partially decomposed plant and animal residues, but may also contain a small amount of soil. Compost improves both the physical condition and the fertility of the soil when added to the landscape or garden. It is especially useful for improving soils low in G6956 Making and Using Compost organic matter. Page 2 of 10 Organic matter in compost improves heavy clay soils by binding soil particles together into "crumbs," making the soil easier to work. Binding soil particles also helps improve aeration, root penetration and water infiltration and reduces crusting of the soil surface. In sandy soils, additional organic matter also helps with nutrient and water retention. Compost also increases the activity of soil microorganisms that release nutrients and other growth -promoting materials into the soil. Although compost contains nutrients, its greatest benefit is in improving soil characteristics. You should consider it as a valuable soil amendment rather than a fertilizer, because additional fertilization may be necessary to obtain acceptable growth and yields. Compost also is a valuable mulching material for garden and landscape plants. It may be used as a topdressing for lawns and, when it contains a small amount of soil, as part of a growing medium for houseplants or for starting seedlings. How compost forms Composting is a method of speeding natural decomposition under controlled conditions. Raw organic materials are converted to compost by a succession of organisms (see Figure 2). During the first stages of composting, bacteria increase rapidly. Later actinomycetes (filamentous bacteria), fungi and protozoans go to work. After much of the carbon in the compost has been utilized and the temperature has fallen, centipedes, millipedes, sowbugs, earthworms and other organisms continue the decomposition. FEI Figure 2. A succession of organisms decompose organic matter in compost. As microorganisms decompose the organic materials, their body heat causes the temperature in the pile to rise dramatically. The center of a properly made heap should reach a temperature of 110 to 140 degrees F in four to five days. At this time the pile will begin "settling," which is a good sign that the pile is working properly. The pH of the pile will be very acidic at first, at a level from 4.0 to 4.5. By the time the process is complete, the pH should rise to approximately 7.0 to 7.2. The heating in the pile will kill some of the weed seeds and disease organisms. However, this happens only in areas where the most intense temperatures develop. In cooler sections toward the outside of the pile, some weed seeds or disease organisms may survive. Proper turning is important to heat all parts of the pile. The organisms that break down the organic materials require large quantities of nitrogen. Therefore, adding nitrogen fertilizer, or other materials that supply nitrogen, is necessary for rapid and thorough decomposition. During the breakdown period, the nitrogen is incorporated into the bodies of the microbes and is not available for plant use. This nitrogen is released when the decomposition is completed and the compost is returned to the garden. What materials may be composted? Many types of organic materials can be used for compost. Sod, grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, G6956 Making and Using Compost Page 3 of 10 weeds, manure, chopped corncobs, corn stalks, sawdust, shredded newspaper, wood ashes, hedge clippings and many kinds of plant refuse from the garden are some of the possibilities. Weed plants heavily laden with seeds might be better left out of the compost pile if the compost is to be returned to the garden. Even though some seeds are killed during composting, those that survive might create an unnecessary weed problem. Most kitchen scraps also may be used in the compost heap. Some items that should not be used are grease, fat, meat scraps and bones. These materials may attract dogs, rats or other animals. They also may develop an unpleasant odor during decomposition. Fats are slow to break down and greatly increase the time required before the compost can be used. Unless compost is completely and thoroughly turned during its formation or allowed to remain unused for several years, it is best not to place diseased plants from the flower or vegetable garden on the compost heap. Even though some diseases may be killed by the heating during the compost formation, there is a chance of returning some of these disease organisms to the garden. The composting process The length of time necessary for the composting.process depends on several conditions: 1. Carbon -to -nitrogen ratio 2. Surface area of particles 3. Aeration 4. Moisture 5. Temperature Carbon -to -nitrogen ratios. All organic material contains carbon and nitrogen. Carbon is a major component of the cellulose and lignin that give cell walls their strength. Nitrogen is found in proteins and many other compounds inside plant cells. The carbon -to -nitrogen ratio (C:N) of a material is an estimate of the relative amounts of these two elements it contains. It is usually based on the percent dry weight of carbon and nitrogen in the material. A ratio of about 30:1 is ideal for the activity of the microbes in the compost. This balance can be achieved by controlling the materials included in the compost or by adding nitrogen either from fertilizer or from organic materials high in nitrogen, such as manure or grass clippings. Table 1 shows the approximate ratios for some materials commonly added to compost piles. The items at the beginning of the list are highest in nitrogen; those at the bottom are highest in carbon. These ratios represent comparative weights. Therefore, in the first example, 5 to 7 pounds of dry pig manure would contain one pound of nitrogen, while near the other extreme, 500 pounds of sawdust might contain only 1 pound of nitrogen. The 30:1 ratio in compost is the most desirable to supply the microorganisms with the proper amount of carbon they need for energy and the proper amount of nitrogen they need for protein synthesis so they can function efficiently and quickly. To estimate the C:N of a mixture, average the ratios of the individual materials. For example, a mixture of equal parts grass clippings and leaves might have a C:N of(20+50)=2=35. Table 1. Carbon -to nitrogen ratios in various materials. G6956 Making and Using Compost Organic material C:N Pig manure 5 to 7:1 Poultry manure (fresh) 10:1 Poultry manure (with litter) 13 to 18:1 ( Vegetable wastes 12 to 20:1 Coffee grounds 20:1 Cow manure 1E 20:1 Grass clippings 12 to 25:1 rHorse manure 25:1 Horse manure (with litter) 30 to 60:1 Tree leaves (and misc. foliage) 30 to 80:1 Corn stalks 60:1 Straw 40 to 100:1 Bark 100 to 130:1 Paper 150 to 200:1 Wood chips, sawdust 200 to 500:1 Wood 700:1 Constructing the pile Page 4 of 10 Compost piles develop best if they are built in layers (see Figure 3). Layering is a good way to ensure that the materials are added in the proper proportion. Once several layers are formed, however, composting will be most rapid if the layers are mixed before making new layers. It is usually best also to add water to each layer of dry material rather than try to wet the entire pile after it is built. The entire pile should be as wet as a well -wrung sponge. It may not always be practical to build a pile in this way if available materials are limited. When organic materials are accumulated rather slowly, they may be stockpiled until enough are available to layer properly. G6956 Making and Using Compost Figure 3. Proper layering in a compost bin. Page 5 of 10 The pile normally may be started directly on the ground. However, to provide the best aeration to the base and improve drainage, dig a trench across the center of the base and cover it with stiff hardware cloth before you begin the layers. Branches or brush may be placed on the bottom as another means of improving lower aeration. However, they may interfere with removal of the finished compost since they will decompose more slowly than finer materials. Begin the pile by placing a 6- to 8 -inch layer of organic matter in the enclosed area. Shredded or chopped materials decompose faster, so if a shredder is available, coarse, organic matter should be run through it. Materials that tend to mat, such as grass clippings, should be placed in layers only 2 to 3 inches thick or mixed with coarser materials for thicker additions. After the organic layer is built, moisten but do not soak it. Over the layer of plant material, add a layer of a material high in nitrogen, such as manure, or a sprinkling of a high -nitrogen garden fertilizer. A layer of animal manure 1 to 2 inches deep should be satisfactory. If organic materials high in nitrogen such as grass clippings are used, these should be layered to about a 4 -inch depth, Although adding grass clippings or other materials that have been treated with herbicides may cause concern, most pesticides break down quickly in a compost pile. If garden fertilizers such as 12-12-12 are used as a nitrogen source, use about 1 cup per 25 square feet of the top surface of each layer. When using fertilizer materials, about 0.8 ounce of actual nitrogen per bushel of organic matter such as leaves is needed. Since one cubic yard (3 ft x 3 ft x 3 ft) of leaves contains about 23 bushels, it would require about 18 ounces (1.1 lb) of nitrogen or about 5.5 pounds of a fertilizer containing 20 percent N. It is best to add fertilizer to the pile in several doses as the pile is turned to avoid overwhelming the microorganisms. More uniform distribution on each layer can be obtained if a water-soluble fertilizer is mixed with water and sprinkled over the surface. Table 2 shows the amount of each material needed to apply 1 pound of actual nitrogen. Table 2. Quantities of various nitrogen sources require to provide 1 pound of nitrogen. Nitrogen source 1 Ounces to apply for 1 pound N Ammonium nitrate f 48 s, 1ya K��iL, � 5��� ♦k �, ON\ � 8d Figure 3. Proper layering in a compost bin. Page 5 of 10 The pile normally may be started directly on the ground. However, to provide the best aeration to the base and improve drainage, dig a trench across the center of the base and cover it with stiff hardware cloth before you begin the layers. Branches or brush may be placed on the bottom as another means of improving lower aeration. However, they may interfere with removal of the finished compost since they will decompose more slowly than finer materials. Begin the pile by placing a 6- to 8 -inch layer of organic matter in the enclosed area. Shredded or chopped materials decompose faster, so if a shredder is available, coarse, organic matter should be run through it. Materials that tend to mat, such as grass clippings, should be placed in layers only 2 to 3 inches thick or mixed with coarser materials for thicker additions. After the organic layer is built, moisten but do not soak it. Over the layer of plant material, add a layer of a material high in nitrogen, such as manure, or a sprinkling of a high -nitrogen garden fertilizer. A layer of animal manure 1 to 2 inches deep should be satisfactory. If organic materials high in nitrogen such as grass clippings are used, these should be layered to about a 4 -inch depth, Although adding grass clippings or other materials that have been treated with herbicides may cause concern, most pesticides break down quickly in a compost pile. If garden fertilizers such as 12-12-12 are used as a nitrogen source, use about 1 cup per 25 square feet of the top surface of each layer. When using fertilizer materials, about 0.8 ounce of actual nitrogen per bushel of organic matter such as leaves is needed. Since one cubic yard (3 ft x 3 ft x 3 ft) of leaves contains about 23 bushels, it would require about 18 ounces (1.1 lb) of nitrogen or about 5.5 pounds of a fertilizer containing 20 percent N. It is best to add fertilizer to the pile in several doses as the pile is turned to avoid overwhelming the microorganisms. More uniform distribution on each layer can be obtained if a water-soluble fertilizer is mixed with water and sprinkled over the surface. Table 2 shows the amount of each material needed to apply 1 pound of actual nitrogen. Table 2. Quantities of various nitrogen sources require to provide 1 pound of nitrogen. Nitrogen source % Nitrogen Ounces to apply for 1 pound N Ammonium nitrate 33 IF 48 G6956 Making and Using Compost Calcium nitrate 151[__ 106 Urea Dried blood7�1 46 12 :j4] 133 :7F Fish meal ---,OIF7- -- 160 Page 6 of 10 It was once thought that ground limestone should be added to the compost pile. This is no longer considered necessary since the organisms function well with a pH of between 4.2 and 7.2. The compost naturally will become less acid as it matures. Adding lime helps convert ammonium nitrogen to ammonia gas, which can create an odor problem as it escapes from the pile and can reduce the nutrient content of the finished compost. Adding lime may also cause the pH of the finished compost to be higher than optimal for plant growth. Next, add a layer of soil or sod about an inch thick. The soil contains microorganisms that help to start the decomposition process. If there is not an adequate source of soil, a layer of finished compost may be used as a soil substitute. Compost activators may also be used to introduce organisms into the pile. Continue to develop and alternate the layers until a height of 3 to 5 feet is developed. Firm each layer of organic material as it is added, but do not compact it so much that air cannot move freely through it. Water each layer lightly as it is added. Homogenize the layers as you go for faster results. During construction of the pile, remember the C:N ratios and that it will take about one pound of actual nitrogen for each 30 pounds of lightly moist organic matter for best decomposition. Build the heap in a convenient but inconspicuous place. If the compost is to be used mainly in the garden, then a nearby location would be logical. Since the compost pile may need to be kept moist during dry weather, a convenient source of water should be available. Don't locate the pile where water may stand. Excess moisture in the bottom of the pile can cause the process to stop or lead to odor problems. Locate the pile where occasional earthy odors are not likely to offend neighbors. A shaded area is generally desirable for best composting. If possible, do not locate the pile or structure close to trees. Tree roots may be attracted to the loose moist organic material in the bottom. During summer, roots of some trees may invade the lower areas of the bin and make the compost difficult to dig and use. Heaps Making compost does not require a structure and can be done simply in a pile. However, piles will require more space. The minimum size of a pile should be 5 feet by 5 feet and 3 feet high. Materials can be added as they become available, but when the first pile is high enough, a second one should be started until the first has decomposed enough to be used. Piles may be turned regularly or not at all. However, if they are not turned, the upper portions will not be totally decomposed and will have to be pulled off when the compost is used. Containing the pile Although it is possible to stack the compost in a pile, decomposition is best and space is used more efficiently if it is placed in some type of bin or enclosure (see Figure 4). The sides should allow air movement through them. The pile may be round, square, rectangular or any other convenient shape. An G6956 Making and Using Compost open side or a fastener will facilitate pile turning and removal of finished compost. Page 7 of 10 Figure 4. You can build a composter from available materials. Wrap the bin with weed - barrier fabric or perforated plastic sheeting to reduce moisture loss. Slow and fast composting methods The speed at which compost forms depends on the conditions already discussed. Controlling these factors, along with frequent turning of the compost, speeds up the process. But many gardeners are content with the slower, more traditional methods that require less attention. Fast method Fast composting methods depend on the use of turning units. They can create good compost in as little as six weeks, depending on how the compost pile is managed. Materials that can be used include nonwoody yard waste, nonfat kitchen waste and similar materials. Structures or containers that allow frequent, easy turning are essential. Turning units for the fast method are of two general types: a series of bins (usually three) that allow manual turning of the compost from one bin into the next (see Figures 5 and 6); or a rotating, horizontally mounted drum, such as a 55 -gallon barrel. The materials for fast composting should be added in larger amounts rather than frequent additions of small amounts. Therefore, organic matter should be collected until there is enough to properly fill a barrel composter or other unit such as a bin 3 feet square. To reduce odor problems, grass clippings should be spread to dry before stockpiling, and food wastes should be covered or buried in the compost. Figure 5. Compost bin constructed from landscape timbers. To turn the compost, disassemble the bin and restack the timbers close by; then fork the compost into the new enclosure. G6956 Making and Using Compost Page 8 of 10 Figure 6. A three -compartment turning unit constructed with concrete blocks and metal ties. Traditional or slow method In this system, material may be added to the enclosure at any time. Turning can help, but it is not required. When only one unit is developed, finished compost may be taken from the bottom while new materials are still being added to the top. Two bins are always better where space permits, since one bin can be allowed to mature while new materials are being added to the other. Woven wire fencing, chicken wire, chain link, hardware cloth, wood slat fencing (snow fence), concrete blocks, bricks or lumber can be used to enclose the compost heap. Fencing wires need corner supports, although some can be used to make cylinders that need little or no support. If woven wire fencing is too loose to contain finer materials, line the enclosure with plastic that contains some aeration holes to keep the pile neat and speed decomposition. The plastic lining will also prevent excessive drying of the vertical pile surfaces. Bricks or concrete blocks may be piled without mortar, but 1/2 -inch spaces should be left between them to allow adequate air movement through the sides. Line up the holes facing upward as you stack them and drive metal posts down through a few of the holes to make the bin more stable (see Figure 6). Lumber, whether new or scrap, is suitable for sides of compost bins. Allow enough space between the boards for air movement. Lumber is gradually ruined by exposure to the damp compost, and boards occasionally have to be replaced as they decay. Discarded pallets can be used to make an inexpensive, yet durable composting enclosure. Care of the pile Decomposition will take place even if a compost pile is ignored after it has been built, but at a slower rate. Adding water to maintain moist conditions and turning the pile to improve aeration will speed the process. To check the moisture content of the pile, squeeze a handful of compost. If a few drops of water can be squeezed out, moisture is about right. If no drops fall, it is too dry. If water trickles out, it is too wet. The pile should be covered with plastic or other materials during wet weather to avoid excessive moisture buildup. A properly built pile should develop a temperature of at least 110 degrees F at the center in about a week during summer or up to a month in cooler seasons. When that temperature is reached, the pile should be opened, any compacted materials should be loosened, and the material should be turned or stirred so that the material previously on the top and sides is moved to the center. During warm weather, the pile may need another turning after a second week. The optimum temperature in an active compost pile is 135 to 140 degrees F. Compost piles occasionally reach temperatures as high as 170 degrees, hot enough to kill some of the microorganisms. This usually happens when excessive amounts of wet, high -nitrogen materials are added to the pile. G6956 Making and Using Compost Page 9 of 10 The rate of heat buildup and decomposition also will depend on external temperatures. In winter, little decomposition occurs except in the center of large piles. Piles may be turned by slicing through them with a spade and turning each slice over. The main objective in turning is to aerate the pile and shift materials from the outside closer to the center, where they may also be heated and decomposed. As materials decompose, the pile heats up and should also shrink, eventually becoming no more than half its original height. Often the pile's volume may shrink by 70 to 80 percent. Compost is ready to use when it is dark brown, crumbly and has an earthy smell. For those who want a very fine product, it can be run through a 1/2 -inch screen and the coarser material can be used for mulch or returned to the pile for continued decomposition with other materials. Diagnosing composting problems 1. The pile is producing a bad odor. The pile may be too wet, too tight, or both. Turn it to loosen and allow better air exchange in the pile. If too wet, also turn the pile, but at the same time, add dry new materials. Odors also may indicate that animal products are in the compost pile. 2. No decomposition seems to be taking place. The pile is too dry. Moisten the materials while turning the pile. 3. The compost is moist enough and the center is warm but not hot enough for complete breakdown. The pile is too small. Collect more materials or add those available to make a larger pile. Turn and mix the old ingredients that may have only slightly decomposed into the new pile. If the pile is not small, more nitrogen may be needed. 4. The heap is moist, sweet smelling, with some decomposition, but still does not heat enough. There is not enough nitrogen available for proper decomposition. Mix a nitrogen source such as fresh grass clippings, manure or fertilizer into the pile. Using compost When compost is ready to use, it should be dark and crumbly, and you should not be able to recognize the original composted items. If compost is not used promptly, it still makes a good soil amendment, but nitrogen may be lost through leaching. Fast composting may produce good compost in three to eight weeks. Conventional composting methods will produce a product in three to nine months, depending on the types of organic materials used, temperatures, and how often the compost is turned. G6956 Making and Using Compost Page 10 of 10 In some cases, screening compost through a 1 -inch wire mesh will help sort out incompletely decomposed materials before use. Twigs decompose slowly, and if they have become a part of the debris, they may have to be removed from finished compost to be returned to the heap. Compost is also very suitable to use for potting houseplants or starting many types of seeds. Recent research has shown that microorganisms found in mature compost can actually suppress plant diseases such as those causing "damping off' as effectively as fungicides. Generally, best results are obtained when compost is mixed with other materials such as perlite and vermiculite with about 30 percent of the volume being compost., Compost should be added annually if you are using it to build good soil. The best time to add compost to the vegetable or flower garden is during fall or spring tilling. It can be added to the soil when planting trees, shrubs, annuals or perennials. Compost is an excellent mulch or topdressing around flowers, vegetables, shrubs and trees. If used as a mulch, the compost need not be completely finished. Compost may be used as a lawn topdressing, but it should not be applied more than 1/4 inch thick. For this purpose, the compost should be screened so that only the finer particles are used. For further information Dickinson, N., T. Richard, and R. Kozlowski. NRAES-43. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cooperative Extension, 1991. (44 pp.) Rynk, R., ed. NRAES-54. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cooperative Extension, 1992. (186 pp.) To order, request G6956, Making and Using Compost (75 cents). This guide is also available in Portable Document Format. Click the PDF button to the left to get it. For information about PDF files, see the XPLOR PDF help Dane. Copyright 1999 University of Missouri. Published by University Extension, University of Missouri - Columbia. Please use our feedback form for questions or comments about this or any other publication contained on the XPLOR site. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture. Ronald J. Turner, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Missouri and Lincoln University, Columbia, Missouri 65211. • University Extension does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability or status as a Vietnam era veteran in employment or programs. If you have special needs as addressed by the Americans with Disabilities Act and need this publication in an alterative format, write ADA Officer, Extension and Agricultural Information, 1-98 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211, or call (573) 882-7216. Reasonable efforts will be made to accommodate your special needs Using Composts in Commercial Vegetable and Fruit Operations Page 1 of 4 USING COMPOSTS IN COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE AND FRUIT OPERATIONS Nancy Roe Extension Horticulturist The benefits of organic matter to soils and crops are well established. However, few commercial growers add organic matter because of lack of availability and costs of handling. As the need to reduce the amount of wastes added to landfills increases, many municipalities and private companies are beginning to produce large amounts of compost from organic wastes from cities and farms. Availability of large amounts of locally made composts can enable even large growers to consider compost use as a part of their operations. COMPOST PRODUCTION Compost is a partially stabilized product of microbial decomposition of organic materials. It can increase water and nutrient holding capacity of sandy soils; increase aeration and internal drainage of clay soils; add nutrients; increase populations of earthworms and soil microorganisms; and suppress some plant diseases. Growers considering use of a particular compost should know something about its origin and production methods. Feedstocks are the materials used to produce compost. A compost may be made of one or several of the following feedstocks: Mixed municipal waste: (household garbage) If all recyclable materials are removed, this feedstock contains mainly paper, fabrics, and food wastes. If it is not sorted, materials such as batteries, household chemicals, and construction debris can add heavy metals or other undesirable components. Biosolids (sewage sludge): This is the semi-solid material that results from treatment in a municipal waste water treatment plant. It is usually a good source of nitrogen and phosphorus. Biosolids for composts should be low in heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc). Biosolids from residential communities generally do not contain high levels of heavy metals. In areas where industry is contributing to the liquid waste stream, the metals may be a problem if pollution control laws are not enforced. High salts may also be a problem in biosolids. Yard trimmings: ( grass clippings, leaves, and woody materials from tree and shrub pruning) These materials are usually free from contaminants, although plastic yard clean-up bags may sometimes be included. If construction debris is allowed, it should not include treated lumber and non-organic materials such as shingles and nails. Animal manures: (poultry, horse, dairy, or feedlot operations) Some may contain straw, hay, or woody materials as bedding. The poultry manures are usually highest in nitrogen and phosphorus. Salts can be a problem in some manures. Food wastes: (from restaurants, institutions, or food processing plants) They may include all types of foods, as well as paper that has been used in food preparation or serving. Using Composts in Commercial Vegetable and Fruit Operations Page 2 of 4 In Texas, the TNRCC compost regulations classify 4 levels of compost facilities: • 'Exempt" facilities compost only yard trimmings, clean wood, vegetative material, paper, and manure. • Facilities in the "Notification" tier may compost those materials plus meat, fish, dead animal carcasses, oils, greases or dairy materials. • "Registration" is required if biosolids or sorted municipal waste are included. • Facilities which compost mixed municipal waste must obtain a "Permit". Composting Methods vary depending on factors like'feedstock, amount of compost, facility size, time requirements, weather, equipment required, and economics. Static piles: Feedstocks are piled and allowed to set undisturbed until it has composted. This is the least expensive, but slowest method. Material on the outside of the pile may not be exposed to heat needed to kill weed seeds or disease organisms. Aerated static piles: Air is circulated through piles by a system of pipes and fans. Turned windrows: These may be turned by front end loaders or compost turning machines. Frequency of turning varies according to the operation. Within limits, more frequent turning tends to speed up composting. In -vessel system: These use some kind of closed vessel -it may revolve or contain an auger to turn the compost. Some .of these are anaerobic (without air) systems. These methods may be combined; for instance, material may be composted in a vessel system for a period of time and then turned out into static piles. COMPOST CHARACTERISTICS AND SAFETY: Compost facility managers must be familiar with the characteristics of the feedstocks they use. These often vary with season or location of collection. For instance, yard trimmings may contain varying amounts of grass clippings or leaves compared to wood products. Municipal solid waste and yard trimmings usually have carbon:nitrogen ratios from 50 to 300. If these materials are not properly composted, they may cause "nitrogen rob", resulting in nitrogen deficiency in the crop. While measurement of compost maturity is a controversial subject among scientists and compost producers, there are several points that growers should consider to assure compost maturity, safety, and effectiveness: • Compost testing should be done by a reliable independent or university laboratory. • Carbon:nitrogen ratio of finished compost should be 20-25. • Seed germination in the composts should be tested through bioassays. • Compost should be free of pathogens and weed seeds. • The pH of composts is not usually a problem, but it should be between 5.0 and 8.0. • For most horticultural uses, compost should have a salt content below 6 dS/m. This may be slightly higher if the compost is to be used in an area with well -drained sands and high rainfall on crops that are not sensitive to salts. • If the compost is from biosolids or MSW, the compost should be tested for heavy metal content, and should meet state standards for compost which can be applied to crop land. Using Composts in Commercial Vegetable and Fruit Operations Page 3 of 4 Texas compost regulations do not limit use of composts from notification and exempt facilities, except by agronomic rates of nutrients applied. Composts from permitted and registered facilities must meet Grade 1 or Grade 2 standards in order to be used in agriculture. Grade 1 use is unlimited, but Grade 2 cannot be used around residences or child-care facilities. RATES One of the advantages of compost is that nutrients are released over a long period of time. However, this can also be a problem, because it is difficult to tell how much to use. Most composts contain less than I% each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The best way to know how much to use is to test the compost on small plots with your crop, soil, and growing conditions. Initial applications should depend on the compost and the soil type. In very sandy soils in tropical and sub -tropical climates, growers have used as much as 50-100 tons per acre. However. in loam or clay soils in more temperate areas with lower average rainfall, benefits may begin at rates as low as 5 tons/acre. In most cases, the first application can be 10-20 tons per acre. Usually during the first growing season, the best plant growth and yields will come from compost combined with the recommended rates of fertilizer. In subsequent plantings, test soil annually and fertilize according to the recommendations. If rates of phosphorus or other nutrients do not become too high, you may continue to apply 5-10 tons of compost annually. COMPOST HANDLING In some cases, the limiting factors for compost use may be the costs of transportation and application. However, compost application equipment is evolving rapidly. A semi -trailer with a moving floor and rear augers that can both deliver and spread compost has now been developed. If you decide to buy spreading equipment, consider the types available. Most spreaders have some kind of moving floor, chains, or auger to move the material to the discharge area. Compost may be discharged from the side or back of the spreader. Consider the size and shape of the area and how you are going to use the compost before making a purchasing decision. For instance, if you want to use the compost as a mulch around trees, aside discharge model may place the compost where you need it. Used manure spreaders are often available, and some equipment companies are beginning to manufacture spreaders again. Before purchasing equipment, test it with the compost you plan to use. Composts vary in bulk density and particle size. They may clog the machine or cause "bridging", which stops the discharge process. Another consideration is the weight of the compost and the conditions of the soil on which you plan to spread compost. Be sure that the tractor or trucks that you plan to use can pull the weight of the full spreader. In order to minimize transportation and application costs: Using Composts in Commercial Vegetable and Fruit Operations Page 4 of 4 . Use composts that are produced close to your farm. . Ask if the compost company has equipment to spread the compost. . Lease equipment initially. This will give you a chance to test it with a particular compost under your conditions. Composts differ in maturity, stability, composition, nutrient content, and carbon:nitrogen ratio. These factors, your soil characteristics, and crops to be grown, should be taken into consideration when deciding whether to use composts, which composts to use, and how to use them in your farm operation. Investigate local sources of composts and evaluate them on a small area under your growing conditions before making commitments to receive large amounts. Composts have the potential to improve your soil and increase crop yields while simultaneously recycling valuable organic materials which our society has been treating as wastes. Hypertext markup by Gretchen Eagle and Dan Lineberger. http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/vegetable/steph/compost.html _ _ _Cagmposting Facilities in Oregon Page 1 of 3 ► About the SW Program Composting Facilities in Oregon w Bottle Bill M'~ Commercial Waste Reduction Clearinghouse ► Composting 0" Data 01, Education ► Grants ► Guidance to Landfills and Incinerators r' Household Hazardous Waste Infectious Waste Mw Links ► Lists of Disposal Sites ►► Minimum Content Requirements ►, Recycling by Material Type M' Recycling Programs ► Reporting Forms ► Tax Credits ►'. Used Oil Recovery I► Waste Prevention P Waste Tire Management f► Wasteshed Programs for What are the regulations? Background: Regulations for composting facilities were developed in response to odor and water quality problems. A compost work group, facilitated by the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and composed of compost facility operators, farmers, OSU Extension and county staff, met 11 times in 1996 to develop these regulations. After extensive public involvement, the regulations were adopted by the Environmental Quality Commission (EQC) in July, 1997. The regulations are implemented by DEQ. Goal: The goal of these regulations is to protect human health and the environment while continuing to promote composting in Oregon. DEQ believes composting with minimal odor and water quality problems will become the "norm" as these regulations are implemented. Summary: Composting is identified ��appl�catia an{d�a�copy�n the�ru�es as an important element in DEQ's�� solid waste management plan. Asa result, regulations are minimal for small composting facilities handling only green feedstocks*, considered to be low risk to human health and the environment. Large facilities and those handling non -green feedstocks* must comply with more human health and environmental protections because of their greater risk. All facilities must comply with standards for odor minimization. *Green Feedstocks are materials low in: a) substances that pose a present or future hazard to human health or the environment and b) low in and unlikely to support human pathogens. Green feedstocks include but are not limited to: yard debris, animal manures, wood waste, vegetative food waste, produce waste, vegetative restaurant waste, vegetative food processor by-products and crop residue. *Non -Green Feedstocks are materials high in: a) substances that pose a present or future hazard to human health or the environment and b) high in and likely to support human pathogens. Non -green feedstocks include but are not limited to: animal parts and by-products, mixed materials containing animal parts or by-products, dead animals and municipal solid waste. Co;nposting Facilities in Oregon 2% Recovery Rate Credit ► Contact Us Composting Registration! Permit Requirements TYPES OF REGULATIONS 'diilfiposk n Re "fo 4WIlitres uf�Gzing asfeedstoeks for composting.. 1 :.�lorettian 2a tons andxless<than or%'equal' toz2,0©.0 taps of.green.feedstocks in>a ealendaryear; or, hfi;ore-than',20tons,and less.than or,equat #05,000 tons. of feedstocks Mich are =exclus el�+yard=debrisand wood waste ir%= 4.,.calendaq,ear,.. 11/�1st C+niomplyyM B'aac A '�'j qmposting=G enerAlliftiffiliti. for facilities fizingas feedstosksxfor;composting: 1:aVl'ore than°7; 000:'tonstofgreen feedstocks ,in a cali:hdaryear;�or �::More}an 5;,00i�tone;affeedstocks which. a're exciusnr,elyyard,detiris and wootl waste'in a�calentlar year. 1Vl1st'Cwnply ►iaWB'caces A andB' ampostng Fulf,Permitt forfacilities utilrtin91more tham20itons of feedstocks for" caia�posting,tlu, -, qg a calendar. yearthat include a"ny"amount of:'rron-green feedstocks-` MGst Comply 4wff° Gres A, Baard'C Exemptions Page 2 of 3 HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS The following are exempted from the requirements to obtain a DEQ composting registration or permit: ► Composting facilities or agricultural composting* operations utilizing less than or equal to 20 tons of green or non -green feedstocks for composting in a calendar year; ► Agricultural operations composting green feedstocks generated and composted at the same agricultural operation and all the compost is used at the same agricultural operation at an agronomic rate; Other agricultural composting operations that are following a compost management plan approved by the Oregon Department of Agriculture; Production of silage on a farm for animal feed; ►` Home composting; 01, Institutional composting*; ► Reload facilities*; Composting facilities utilizing sewage sludge or biosolids under a valid DEQ water quality permit. Composting Facilities in Oregon Page 3 of 3 Agricultural Composting means composting as an agricultural operation conducted on lands employed for farm use. • Institutional Composting means the composting of green feedstocks generated from the facility's own activities. It may also include supplemental feedstocks. Feedstocks must be composted on-site, the compost produced must be utilized within the contiguous boundaries of the institution and not offered for sale or use off-site. Institutional composting includes but is not limited to: parks, apartments, universities, schools, hospitals, golf courses and fndustrial parks. • Reload Facility means a facility or site that accepts and reloads only yard debris and wood waste for transport to another location. Composting Industry Facts: . Nineteen and a half percent of waste disposed in Oregon in 1998 was food waste and yard debris. . Oregon's composting industry is growing. In 1999 there were twenty-eight permitted facilities. . Oregon's facilities compost manure, yard debris, food waste, poultry mortality, grass straw, animal bedding, fruit trimmings and other materials. This factsheet is provided to make it easier to understand DEQ's Solid Waste rules that apply to composting facilities. For specific rule language, see OAR Chapter 340, Divisions 93, 96 and 97. For site specific information, contact the DEQ office closest to your facility. For questions, comments, or further information please email solwaste@deq.state.or.us or contact the Department of Environmental Quality's Solid Waste Policy and Program Development Section, 811 SW Sixth Avenue, Portland, OR 97204, (503)229-5913 or toll-free in Oregon, 1-800-452-4011. DEQ Online is the official web site for the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. If you have questions or comments about the web site contact DEQ's webmaster. Updated: April 27, 2000 Chapter 5 Chapter 5 Utilization of Compost and Other Landscape Refuse Page 1 of 3 Recycling organic, materials in the home landscape makes sense, not just because it helps save our valuable landfill space, but because it will actually improve our soils and growing conditions in our home environment. With the exception of large woody brush and stumps, we can recycle most of the organic materials generated from our home grounds each year. Fall leaves can be used as a major ingredient in compost, or they may be shredded and used as a mulch in the garden or landscape. A blanket of fall leaves can be used to insulate tender vegetation from winter freezes. Compost is a wonderful soil amendment for the vegetable garden or landscape, improving soil structure and texture while adding valuable plant nutrients. It can also be used as an amendment in potting soils or as a top -dressing on lawn and ornamental areas. Even grass clippings left on the lawn area have been shown to add valuable nutrients back to the turf without contributing harmful thatch as we once thought. In this chapter, we'll discuss the utilization of finished compost as well as three additional recycling options: mulching, cold protection and grasscycling. Compost: Black Gold for Soils The end result of the composting process is a rich earthy -smelling humus. Most finished compost has a pH near neutral and contains low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. When incorporated into the soil, compost acts like a slow-release fertilizer, releasing small amounts of plant nutrients slowly throughout the growing season. It also helps latch onto nutrients added in the form of fertilizer and prevents them from leaching out of the soil. In addition to benefiting soil fertility, compost improves the structure and texture of our native soils. It helps clay soils drain andimproves soil porosity, allowing plant roots to easily penetrate the soil. When added to sandy soils, compost helps hold water and plant nutrients, making them available to plant roots on demand. Compost also attracts earthworms by serving as their food source. Earthworms enhance soil structure by burrowing and aerating the soil. Their tunneling also brings valuable minerals from the subsoil up to the plant root zone. Avoid Using Compost Before It Is Ready You may be tempted to use compost as a soil conditioner before it is ready. If the organic materials have not completely decomposed, plants growing in the amended soil may turn Chapter 5 Page 2 of 3 yellow and appear stressed. As the decomposition process continues near plant roots, soil micro-organisms compete with plants for nitrogen. Organic acids in undecomposed compost may also be harmful to plant roots. Compost is finished when the original organic materials are no longer recognizable and are no longer generating a significant amount of heat. Finished compost should have a dark, crumbly appearance and an earthy odor. Using Compost Compost is best used as a soil conditioner in the vegetable garden and when planting ornamental plants. Broadcast compost one to two inches deep over the planting area and incorporate it into the top six to eight inches of soil. It requires about 1/2 cubic yard of compost (6 bushels) to cover 100 square feet to a f- inch depth. Avoid placing compost and other organic amendments in individual planting holes because research has shown that it results in a significant structural difference in the soil within the planting hole and the surrounding native soil. Fine -textured organic materials, like compost, added to the planting hole, may actlike a sponge in a bathtub, holding excess moisture while discouraging plant roots from growing outward and exploring the native soil. Therefore, it's best to amend the entire bed when possible instead of an individual hole. A thin layer of compost (1/2 to 1 inch) can also be applied as a mulch around established ornamental plants or directly beneath mulches. Compost will slowly release nutrients to the plants while protecting roots from temperature extremes and erosion. However, avoid disturbing or injuring the roots of established ornamental plants when adding compost. Compost can also be incorporated into the soil for new turf areas or used as a top -dressing on established lawn areas. On established lawns, verticutting or aerating will help improve the infiltration of compost to the root area. Then use a rake to help distribute the compost into the crevices. Still another use for compost is as a potting soil for container plants. For best results, mix it 1/3 by volume with other amendments, such asmilled pine bark and sand. Avoid using pure compost as a potting soil because organic salts leaching from the material may damage roots. Mulching with Fall Leaves An excellent way of utilizing fall leaves, in addition to composting them, is to use them as a mulch in the vegetable garden or around ornamental plantings. Mother Nature has been mulching with leaves for millions of years, and it's time we followed her example. Mulches help hold moisture in our soils and prevent wet/dry fluctuations in soil moisture. They also help insulate the soil and protect the roots of plants from severe winter cold and intense summer heat. Mulches also help prevent certain soil -borne diseases and some weeds. Chapter 5 Page 3 of 3 Shredded leaves stay seated better on the soil surface than whole leaves that tend to blow around. If you don't have a shredder, an easy way to shred leaves is to place them in smallwindrows, approximately three feet wide and one foot high. Then, with the lawnmower set in the highest wheel setting, run over the row. A bagger attached to the mower or a tarp laid along side the windrow will help collect the leaves efficiently. Place leaves three inches deep under trees and shrubs, and extend the mulch two to three times the canopy spread if possible. A thick layer of mulch ( > 3 inches) is not recommended because it will encourage roots to grow out of the native soil into the mulch layer where they will become more susceptible to damage from winter freezes and intense summer heat. Shredding will also accelerate the decomposition of leaves added to the compost pile. Save Some Leaves for Cold Protection in Winter Fall leaves provide a better insulation from winter freezes than sheets or blankets that are commonly used, so save a few bags of fall leaves for this purpose. A good way to protect tender vegetation is to shape a cylinder of chicken wire large enough to fit over the plant, then fill it with leaves. The cylinder will help hold leaves in place and prevent them from blowing off if strong winds accompany the cold. Grasscycling Grasscycling is the newest concept in landscape recycling and one of the easiest to do. It simply involves letting the clippings fall back onto the lawn area when mowing (Don't Bag It M). Research has shown that grass clippings do not contribute to thatch build up. Instead, they recycle valuable plant nutrients back to the grass while helping enhance the topsoil. Successful grasscycling also involves mowing often enough so that no more than 1/3 of length of the grass blades are removed at each mowing. That's because small clippings decompose more quickly and can more easily sift downward through the grass than long clippings. Other Uses For Grass Clippings If clippings are too long to grasscycle, or if you bag your clippings, they make an excellent green nitrogen source for mixing with "browns" in the compost pile. If the turf area is weedy, the heat of composting will also help destroy certain noxious weeds. Grassclippings can also be used for mulch, but it's best to mix them with leaves or other organic materials. Pure grass clippings tend to mat down on the soil surface and inhibit oxygen penetration to plant roots. 03/01/02 Deschutes County Commissioners 1130 NW Harriman Bend, OR 97701 RE: CU-01-83/SP-01-52 (A-02-1) Unfortunately, I am traveling out of state today and I am unable to attend this hearing, therefore, I am writing on behalf of Gary Brian. I am Harold Rollins, owner of Harold Rollins, Inc. I have been commercially grinding composting materials for over 10 years. I have worked in composting for the following entities: 10 years at Apex Lumber — California 3 years at Orville, California 3 years at Bulk Bark — California +4 years at - Deschutes County Recycle Team +4 years - Kirby Nagelhaut +4 years - Bend Garbage +4 years - Eugene Gold and Country Club +4 years - Land Systems I own a tub grinder; it is used in the grinding operation of composting. Mr. Brian contracted me to grind his compost; we have ground it only once in the past few years that I have known Mr. Brian. The compost grinding is and was a clean operation at Mr. Brian's property. It was fed with water keeping dust to a minimum during the operation. Mr. Brian had an excellent mix of composting materials resulting in finely ground compost. Si erely, I i Harold Rollins Lz� Twc, M S ,JI i si M CENTRAL OREGON IRRIGATION DISTRICT A MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF THE STATE OF OREGON 2598 N. HWY. 97 REDMOND, OR 97756-1219 (541)548-6047 FAX (541) 548-0243 March 15, 2002 Tim Ewalt 8437 SW 77h Street Redmond, OR 97756 Dear Tim: As per your request, this letter is meant to disclose the surface drainage from an adjacent parcel owned by Gary Brian. When the District installed the irrigation pipeline in your neighborhood, we installed a drain at the low point of the pipeline for drainage during the off season. This drain was located at a point where a natural drain exists. All lands including Mr. Brian's deliver surface runoff at this point making it a convenient site to drain the pipe. It is very obvious this is a low point that drains many acres of surface runoff and will continue until irrigation practices change. If I may be of any further assistance, please do not hesitate to call. Sincerely, 4t-� John R. Herlocker Assistant Manager JRH:brf March 12, VIA FACSIM�E 72DEPT OF AGRICULTURE gon M.D.. Governor Attn: Cybil ' FAX Number: 541-3 83-6005 r 503 986 4735 P.01 Department of Agriculture 635 Capitol Street NE Salem, OR 97301-2532 h This will conn receipt of your e-mail of February 21, 2002. As you requested, enclosed is a jpy of information regarding Gary Brian. If you have ant questions or need any further information, please do not hesitate to call. f E {� Dale L. Mitchell Assistant Adrr ustrator Pesticides Divi ision PH: (503) 986-4635 FAX: (503) W 6-4735 Enclosures i I DLM/mjb 0 MAR -12-2002 15:29 72DEPT OF AGRICULTURE 503 9BG 4735 P.02 i 3/12/02 ° Pesticide Complaint Log ODA Rep Nieoias i Date 02/19/02 Name Ewalt, Tim Address Cit 8437 Sw 7 Th. St, y Redmond State -� OR ZIP County97756 Deschutes Ph/H 541/389-3694 phryy Received From Complainant Q DEQ ❑ H QERS Q OSDF SFM ❑ Contracto rs Board ❑ EPA 0 ODF&W ❑ OROSHA ❑ PARC ❑ Other... Relationship Another �4gency Customer Former Employee IR Neighbor 0 Other... ❑Competitor ❑ Employee ❑ Interested Party ❑ Unknown Nature ® Business Practices ❑ Product Registration Use Agricultural Use Non-agricultural ❑ Distribut' n ❑ Right of.Way p Use Aquatic ❑ Use Structural Exterior ® Licens(n� 13 Structural Inspection ❑ Use Forest Pesticid "Residue Use Forestry Use Structural Interior (� Use Lawn Care ❑ Other... Application Meth Air [3 Alquatic Chemigation ❑ Fumigation Ground 9 ❑Structural ❑Unknown Pesticide Type p Avicide I -O'Fungicide ❑ Insecticide ❑ Rodenticide IE3 Fumigant N Herbicide ❑ Nematicide ❑ Other... Product Name re-emerg r Herbicides Application Date N/A f _ Application Time —N/ A Crop N / A Operator Name' 8 & B Land cape Maintenance Address PO Box 90 t3 -- city joend State OR Zip 97708 Phone/H Phone/W (541) 388-0158 Licensed 10 Yes ® 40 License No License Type Status Applicator Name N /A Address City _ State Zip Phone/H Phone/W Licensed Yes 014-0-1 License No "_j license Type F-= Status RO. Sent p Yes ® o Date Sent Invest Initiated Yes E No Date Initiated =�Q02 Invest. Type L{C Case Name e & B Landscape Maintenance Investigator Nicolas Why No investigation Civil Matter ❑ Insufficient Information i ❑ Re Violation of ORS 634 Log Na 02 3263 i � Information Only ❑ No Response ❑ Referral to Another Agency Agency Date of Referra� --'—� Adv e,se Health Claimed No Summary 2/19/b2 - Cati�rrom Ewatt. Spoke with Nicolas. Concems about neighbor. Alleged he operates landscape company called 8&8 L4ndscaping. Said the operation was shut down previously as the owner was on ag land but he did not farm. A state gislator is evidently requesting a hearing. Ewalt refereed Nicolas to the B & B Landscape Maintenance Wab site http://bblandampe.com. Statements on the site make reference to pesticide applications. B&B Landsca ing not licensed as Of 2/19/02 as commercial pesticide operator. Ewalt also had complaint regarding composting oteration on the facility, Nicolas will refer that matter to NRD. Nicolas told Ewalt that ODA would could address pestibide licensing issues, but not land use. Cease & Desist issued to B & B Landscape Maintenance in 3116/00 regarding advertising as commercial operator. MAR -12-2002 15:29 72DEPT OF AGRICULTURE 503 986 4735 P.03 '- - O CASE AND DESIST Oregon' Department 77 To: of Agriculture l q, 90,�78 Plant Division Date M CC. r t,7J00 1 By authority vested in cease and desist from � o Nba �� as of the date of this This notice and direc de-p{�rtment personnel 1 (9 - and the depa rescinded in writing by i You are further notifir immediate enforcement Copy of order received ORS Chapter _(pa+4, rules and regulations: Left by Representative Mailed with order KIl<TR1sYTtON, VMM Recipient OANAW, Cepa►I+nent of PINK.- Other Foran 4078 Oregon Department of Agriculture, you are hereby notified and directed to - I ram , - _ i - k..t_�6 A <A N4r:. ^, ti f �Cc C. J rt a-} S/�P�Li i Call D is based upon a recent (investigation, inspection, examination) by ich finds that the above described activity is in violation of ORS 634.372 nental regulations. This notice and directive shall remain in effect until Department. that any continuation of the above described activity shall result in ;tion being initiated. I OREGON DEPARTMENT OF ,AGRICULTURE (Signature) (Title) and copies of E -V, kj, Lfi John A. Kitzhaber Cnvems,r t � 635 Capitol Street NE Salem, OR 97310-0110 TOTAL P.03 (out E7 2- 4 N THEA REYNOLDS fwvl* 03/18/02 Deschutes County Board of Commissioners 1130 NW Harriman Bend, OR 97701 RE: CU-01-83/SP-01-52 (A-02-1) My name is Nancy Reynolds. Mr. Brian has been a client of mine since early 1999. My company provides bookkeeping and payroll services for Mr. Brian on a monthly to bi-weekly basis as well as computer network support. The services we provide to Mr. Brian are done onsite at his office. I am on his property at least once a month to twice a month year round in all weather conditions. I park near his barn, past the compost pile and walk past the iris beds into his office. I have been next to his compost pile in all weather situations and while the compost was being ground. During the entire time I have been on Mr. Brian's property, I have never had a respiration problem resulting from his farming or composting operations. You see I am a severe asthmatic with hypersensitivity to molds and mildews as well as dust. Due to the severity of my asthma, we moved to Central Oregon 3'/z years ago on advice of a physician. Since moving to Central Oregon, my asthma attacks and other respiratory diseases have improved considerably due to the climate. I am submitting my medical records of the emergency room visits that were required to treat my acute asthma attacks that could have been fatal if not treated at the hospital. I did not deem it necessary to submit detailed physician records of treating my asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia over the past 35 years. The point I am making with my asthma records is that my asthma can be fatal if exposed to the allergens that affect me. I have scarred lung tissue from years of asthma, bronchitis and pneumonia. I have to keep inhalers close by and I keep a nebulizer machine nearby at all times incase I have a rapid asthma trigger. Without the nebulizer, there are times I would not have made it to the hospital for further treatment. Mr. Brian's composting operation does not pose a threat to me; it does not trigger my asthma. Mr. Brian has delivered compost to my home for use in my garden. I 900 NW Pershaf/ Way, Redmond, OR 97756 541-548-1702 Phone 541-548-1742 Fax fMroup@deschutes.net Page 1 TE' u EYlti OLDS j am able to work with the compost in my strawberry beds, flowerbeds and garden with absolutely no asthma triggers from the compost. His compost is of high quality with no scent, no mold or mildew that would indicate incorrect bacterial decay of compost. In addition, having grown up in a farming community, on a small farm, operating my own boarding stables as well as producing hay, I have been around multitudes of farms, dairies, ranches and gentlemen's farms. Mr. Brian runs a neat, tidy operation compared to a great number of facilities I have seen. In my opinion, Mr. Brian should be allowed his CUP for his nursery operations. Given the high rate of unemployment in Central Oregon as well as Oregon, Mr. Brian would benefit the local economy, adding jobs, generating cash flow for local businesses as well as increasing the agricultural products produced and to be sold in the local economic market. Cordially, X4— Nancy eynolds 900 NW Persha►► Way, Redmond, OR 97756 541-548-1702 Phone 541-548-1742 Fax trgroupCED-deschutes.net Page .1 CODH LIVE MEDICAL RECORDS PATIENT INFORMATION Thu Mar 14, 2002 1:46 PM Patient Name: REYNOLDS,NANCY J MRUN: 054.142 ---W------`bOB: 03%29/1960 Sex: F Community ID: _-----M------SSN:----------------`- Race: WHITE------------ Expired: Date; Time: NOK Name: REYNOLDS,BRIAN L Mother's Name: Privacy Code: Turnor Flag: Address: 900 NW PERSCHALL WAY City: REDMOND County: DESCHUTES State: OR Home Ph#: Foreign Country: Zip: 91756 AKA's on File: Admit Date: - Visit Information - Discharge Date. 05/24/2000 Admit Date:(=1/3-0/2001 /1012 0 Discharge Date: 11j11/2001 0Acct #: Service: EMERGENCY ROOM SE Series: Patient Privacy Type: Code: E Diagnosis: 493-22 ASTHMA W ACUTE EXA Insurance: Flag: Ditch Status: Admitting Phys: ROUTINE DISCH CURRY,MICHELLE M. � Visit Film Status: NOT FILMED Attending Phys: CURRY,MICHELLE M. Tumor Flag. Prim Care Phys: PALMER,H. DEREK Admit Date: 0,3/x5/2001 Acct 4: Discharge Date: 03/15/2001 EMERGENCY ROOM SE Series: Patient Privacy Type: Code: E (FService: Diagnosis: 49i_9n ACTH; W 0 STAT ASTii Insurance: isch Status: Admitting Phys: ROUTINE DISCH ADAMSKI,ANDREW W. Visit Film Status: NOT FILMED Attending Phys: ADAMSKI,ANDREW W. Tumor Flag: Prim Care Phys: BLUMER,JANICE U. Admit Date: 05/24/2000 Discharge Date. 05/24/2000 Acct #: Service: EMERGENCY ROOM SE Series: Patient Privacy Type: E Code: Diagnosis: 850.1 CONCUSSION --BRIEF CO Insurance: Disch Status: Admitting Phys: ROUTINE DISCH E9CHELBACH,MATTj42W M. Visit Film Status: NOT FILMED Attending Phys: ESCHELBACH,MATT148W M. Tumor Flag: ELUMER,JANICE U. Prim Care Phys: Admit Date: 05/01/2000 Discharge Date: 05/01/2000 Acct #: : Patient. Type: E Service: EMERGENCY ROOM SE Series; Privacy code: Diagnosis: 786.50 CHEST PAIN NOS Insurance: Disch Status: ROUTINE DISCH Visit Film Status: NOT FILMED Admitting Phys: MYERS,LARRY R T-jmor Flag: Attending Phys: MYERS,LARRY R Prim Care Phys: * System: COD ******* End: MRI PRINT PATIENT INFORMATION ******* For: HAAVIS Z0'd d26:70 7_0-bi-S'9 SIL: otg 149 :'ON Xtld SON003N 1HO103W :WON -3 r? `k 03/18/02 Deschutes County Board of Commissioners 1130 NW Harriman Bend, OR 97701 RE: CU-01-83/SP-01-52 (A-02-1) We are Mr. & Mrs. Reynolds and we are submitting a letter on behalf of Mr. Gary Brian. Not only is Mr. Brian a client of ours, he has befriended both my husband and myself. We acknowledge that Mr. Brian is a bit gruff and rough around the edges at times, however, he has a heart of gold and has become a friend of ours. Being business owners ourselves, we have compassion and understanding of the situation Mr. Brian has been put in due to his neighbors' actions. Because of our friendship, we felt we need to speak out on behalf of Mr. Brian. I have had the opportunity to read the Hearings Officer's decision on the CUP as well as reading the transcription of the Hearing itself. Coupled with that, we have had an understanding from Mr. Brian as to what has transpired with his neighbors. Please note that my comments and thoughts do not constitute any type of slander, libel, and attempts to defame or of malicious content, they are only observations of physical property, observations of testimony and observations of interactions and conversations with Mr. Brian. There are 4 neighbors who physically border Mr. Brian's property who filed complaints against Mr. Brian's activities. 1. Mr. & Mrs. Veelle - West 2. Mr. & Mrs. Bush — Northwest 3. Mr. & Mrs. Ewalt — Northeast 4. Mr. & Mrs. Pankey — East Mr. Brian has had a conflict with Mr. & Mrs. Veelle to the west of his property due to Mr. Brian's dog biting the Veelle's dog. To repay the cost of the veterinarian bill, Mr. Brian Foalin' Around Ranch 900 NW Pershall Way, Redmond, OR 97766 541-648-1702 Phone 541-548.1742 Fax foalin deschutes.net Page 1 installed new underground sprinklers and a new front lawn for the Veelles that far exceeded the cost of the vet bill. Mr. Brian has had a conflict with Mr. Ewalt when Mr. Brian found Mr. Ewalt on Mr. Brian's property as Mr. Ewalt was digging out COI irrigation ditches. According to Mr. Brian, Mr. Ewalt did not have permission to bring his equipment onto Mr. Brian's property nor did he contact COI or Swalley Water to obtain permission to change the ditches on Mr. Brian's property. Mr. Brian chased Mr. Ewalt off of his property. We recognize that Mr. Ewalt is a director of Deschutes County Farm Bureau, certainly that does preclude him from being above regulations and conditions of irrigation control of the Water Master. Mr. Brian has not had a conflict with Mr. & Mrs. Bush, nor has he had a conflict with Mrs. Pankey until this CUP issue arose. 1. Neighbors to the west, Mr. & Mrs. Veelle: Mr. & Mrs. Veelle to the west of Mr. Brian has operated a retail pond supply company from their home for a number of years now. They have landscaped their property to show of their pond building skills and supplies. (See Photos) At this time, they have not obtained a CUP for operating a non farming retail operation from their home. Although they have petitioned against Mr. Brian for his operations, they have been quiet about their operation and not mentioned it in any proceedings. The Veelle's list their business in the Quest Dex Yellow Pages as: Agua-Garden Supply. 7979 SW Young Avenue .......... 333-0400. According to Mr. Brian, the business operates 7 days a week with retail sales on their property, Mr. Brian has indicated to us that he has seen and heard traffic entering and leaving Aqua -Garden Supply 7 days a week. At the hearing, Mrs. Veelle has testified that Mr. Brian's compost has caused her children health problems by the dirt it has created in the air. The Veelle property is to the west of Mr. Brian's property. Between Mrs. Veelle's property and Mr. Brian's compost pile is Mr. Brian's home, his office, a neatly manicured healthy lawn with aged juniper and elm trees, the iris beds and then the compost pile. Foalin' Around Ranch 900 NW Pershall Way, Redmond, OR 97756 541-548-1702 Phone 541-548-1742 Fax foalinCa deschutes.net Page 2 According to Mr. Brian, the wind in Tumalo blows from the mountains to the east 98% of the time. It is nearly impossible for Mrs. Veelle to claim that dirt from the compost reaches her backyard. (See Photo) There is a riding arena just west of the Veeles property. When the wind blows, that arena is where the dirt comes from that ends up on the Veelles property. Mr. & Mrs. Veelle has no basis to claim that the dirt in their backyard is from Mr. Brian's compost pile. Note the photo with the children's toy on top of the dirt pile in the backyard. Mrs. Veelle testified about the smell from the compost pile as she walks by. She states that the compost has decaying grass clippings scent to it; does she smell her own pigpen next to the fence line or Mr. Ewalt's manure as she walks past Mr. Ewalt's home. In J. I. Rodale's article Farming & Gardening with Composts, Exhibit 5, Mr. Rodale discusses the compost makeup and process of creating healthy compost. There is no smell associated with healthy compost per Mr. Rodale. DEQ stated that Mr. Brian has a "good quality product and a well operated facility." If the Veelle's were so concerned with the smell of the compost, why did they put their pigpen and chicken pen on the fence line between Mr. Brian and themselves? Mr. Brian has had to put up with the smell of ripening pig manure in his home and office, yet voice no complaint to the Veelle's regarding the situation. Conclusion: Mrs. Veelle does not have a basis to complain that Mr. Brian's compost affects her property. Mr. Brian has not attempted to file a complaint against the Veelle's at this time regarding their land use for retail activities, nor has he filed a complaint regarding the stench from the pigpen when it is occupied. 1. Neighbors to the Northwest. Mr. & Mrs. Bush: Mr. & Mrs. Bush did not discuss their objections at the hearing. The Bush's property borders Mr. Brian's property to the northwest. Please see photos. Bush's property has aged, abandoned cars, outbuildings in seemingly disrepair and at times they have Mr. Ewalt's cattle grazing on their property. Conclusion: Foalin' Around Ranch 900 NW Pershall Way, Redmond, OR 87756 541-548-1702 Phone 541-548.1742 Fax foalin .deschutes.net Page 3 Having no testimony from the Bushes at the Hearing, it's difficult to understand what issues bother these folks. When Mr. Brian asked Mr. Bush why he signed the original complaint, Mr. Bush responded that Mrs. Pankey asked him to because her health was an issue with the compost. 3. Neighbors to the Northeast. Mr. & Mrs. Ewalt: From the hearing transcriptions testimony of Mr. Ewalt; he voiced several complaints regarding Mr. Brian's operation, specifically the compost pile. One of Mr. Ewalt's major complaints was dealing with the manure in Mr. Brian's compost. Please review the photos of Mr. Ewalt's property. He does custom farming for clients; he stores his equipment on this property. By definition of Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Mr. Ewalt is running a Commercial Operation. The focus being "Commercial", for profit or profitable. Mr. Ewalt makes numerous trips daily from this property on public roads to conduct this business. He has the following vehicles at his disposal while conducting his commercial business from his home; a pickup, suburban, 3 tractors, swather, bale stacker, backhoe, semi -tractor with gooseneck trailer, gooseneck cattle trailer and a flatbed trailer. Mr. Ewalt has cattle on his property; the small feedlot onsite looks as if it has years of manure build up. At this time, Mr. Ewalt has his cattle estimated within 15/20 feet of his residence. (See photos). To Mr. Brian's knowledge, Mr. Ewalt has not posted a complaint regarding the manure at the dairy within'/ mile from his home or the manure pile from the mule ranch not far from his home. He has not complained about the pigpen on Veelles property that is upwind from his property. Nor has he mentioned that the odor & flies from his own cattle manure that is in such close proximity of his home. It seems Mr. Ewalt's complaint that the manure in the compost being a health hazard at over 500 feet away holds absolutely no merit as his home is surrounded nearly on all sides by manure buildup old and new. Mr. Ewalt should be more concerned with his own personal health hazard that he has created rather than by a compost pile that does not affect his health over 500 feet away. In viewing the photographs of Mr. Ewalt's residence, taking into consideration the feedlot conditions surrounding his home, Mr. Ewalt does not have a basis to claim Mr. Foalin' Around Ranch 900 NW Pershall Way, Redmond, OR 97756 541-548-1702 Phone 541-548-1742 Fax foalin _deschutes.net Page 4 Brian's property devalues Mr. Ewalt's property. In fact, Mr. Brian could claim that Mr. Ewalfs property is a health hazard and devalues Mr. Brian's property. Conclusion: Mr. Ewalt should not complain about Mr. Brian's manure/composting as Mr. Ewalt has a potential health hazard around his residence with the proximity of his cattle. Mr. Ewalt does run his business from his residence with his equipment on his property just as Mr. Brian does. 4. Neiahbors to the East. Mr. & Mrs. Panke During the hearing, Mrs. Pankey testified regarding her concerns on her medical condition being related to Mr. Brian's compost pile. Mrs. Pankey did not submit substantiating medical evidence that Mr. Brian's composting operation was affecting her. No medical reports stating her illness was derived from Mr. Brian's operation. In reviewing her testimony, she did a wonderful job of show and tell with her ventilators during the hearing, playing on the emotions of the parties involved. Also, Mrs. Pankey never discussed, divulged or informed Mr. Brian that she felt the compost pile was a hazard to her health until signing the complaint. Mr. Brian feels that she used this issue to collude with her neighbors', playing on their sympathy to sign the complaint. It seems her neighbors did not perform due diligence in asking whether her medical condition in fact was caused by Mr. Brian's composting operation. Mr. Brian observed Mrs. Pankey burning her own pasture this spring, playing with her dogs in her backyard near the 20 foot strip behind her backyard that cattle range through that is dirty, dusty and has cattle manure. (See Photos) If Mrs. Pankey's respiratory problems were as severe as she claims she should not be burning fields, building her own compost pile or having cattle or manure at such close proximity to her residence. We are also curious as to why Mrs. Pankey has not filed a complaint against Mr. & Mrs. Veelle & Mr. Ewalt for commercial operation of a business or the smell of the pigpen downwind or against Mr. Ewalt for the serious health hazard created by his manure piles that are in close to Mrs. Pankey's home. During the hearing, Mrs. Pankey offered testimony regarding the diseases that can breed in horse manure, stating that humans can get influenza and strangles from horse manure. If this is so, why has Mrs. Pankey kept horses on her property? She must be Foalin' Around Ranch 900 NW Pershall Way, Redmond, OR 97756 541-548-1702 Phone 541-548.1742 Fax foalin deschutes.net Page 5 terrified of the diseases the horse manure must be putting into her soil or was her testimony was an attempt to gain sympathy in light of the fact that Mr. Brian brings in outside manure to grind with his compost materials. In Conclusion: From our perspective, in speaking with Mr. Brian, reading the Nearing Decision, and reading the transcription of the original hearing, it seems that there is reason to believe that Mr. Brian's neighbors worked in collusion to stop Mr. Brian's operations. Judging from Mr. Bush's comments to Mr. Brian, it started with Mrs. Pankey gaining sympathy from her neighbors regarding her unfounded health issues and moved to each neighbor. Perhaps the neighbors who had previous conflicts with Mr. Brian felt this was a way to "get even" or create a reason for Mr. Brian to move off his property with his business. Perhaps, if these folks had taken a realistic look around at what each other was doing, and putting serious thought to what they were starting, and thoroughly thought through the impact this would have on themselves, we would not be here today. With the neighbors collectively hiring legal council and prolonging the process, this process has become an expensive burden for Mr. Brian. Mr. Brian offered 4 times to work out the issues with his neighbors each time being refused. To date. Mr. Brian has not stopped and pointed finers at each of his neighbors in a mode to "get even" over the CUP filing. The impact of the CUP decision will affect Mr. Brian's livelihood tremendously, either positively or negatively. It is our hope that Mr. Brian received the CUP to operate his business and to continue going forward and brings his dreams and goals to fruition. Thank you for taking the time to read our thoughts and opinions. 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