2005-812-Minutes for Meeting June 06,2005 Recorded 6/21/2005COUNTY OFFICIAL
NANCYUBLANKENSHIP, COUNTY CLERKS C 2005-812
COMMISSIONERS' JOURNAL
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DESCHUTES COUNTY CLERK
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Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
1300 NW Wall St., Suite 200, Bend, OR 97701-1960
(541) 388-6570 - Fax (541) 385-3202 - www.deschutes.orp-
MINUTES OF MEETING
LOCAL PUBLIC SAFETY COORDINATING COUNCIL
MONDAY, JUNE 6, 2005
Commissioners' Conference Room - Administration Building, Second Floor - 1300 NW Wall St.., Bend
Present were Judge Michael Sullivan; Ruth Jenkin, Jail; Bob Warsaw, Oregon
Youth Authority; Scott Johnson, Mental Health Director; Commissioners Tom
De Wolf, Michael M. Daly and Dennis R. Luke; Ernie Mazorol, Court
Administrator; Jacques DeKalb, Defense Attorney; Jack Blum, citizen member;
Mike Maier, County Administrator; Bob LaCombe, Juvenile Community Justice;
Dan Peddycord and Shannon Dames, Health Department; and Brian Fuller,
Mental Health Department.
Also present were Mike McArthur, the new Director of the Association of Oregon
Counties, who previously served as a Sherman County Judge; Roger Olson (of the
County Road Department), President of NAMI (National Alliance for the Mentally
Ill); Tammy Baney, Commission on Children & Families' Board; Bruce
Abernethy, representing the Bend City Council; Terry Chubb, Adult Parole &
Probation; Ruth Jenkin, Jail; and Tom Kipp, Oregon State Police.
1. Call to Order & Introductions.
The meeting was called to order at 3:40 p.m.
2. Approval of Minutes of May 2, 2005 Meeting.
Jacques DeKalb moved approval, and Scott Johnson seconded; the minutes
were unanimously approved.
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 1 of 7 Pages
3. Presentation of Notes regarding the Department of Justice National
Strategy Meeting.
Commissioner DeWolf distributed information on the Department of Justice
National Strategy meeting that he recently attended. He explained that he was
invited to attend the two-day April meeting, and it was well worth the time. He
distributed an handout which detailed how to identify the missing. The goal is
agency communication, and there is proposed federal legislation to direct the
collaboration between local jurisdictions.
Judge Sullivan noted that there are many DNA samples that remain to be
identified, but no funding is available to handle the work. It is very labor
intensive. Frequently there is no analysis ready until the case is already before
the courts, and the case has to be postponed.
Commissioner DeWolf stated that the current administration supports the effort,
but the dollars don't seem to be available. The Department of Justice is pushing
for this. There are issues in locations all across the country, and some are able
to handle the workload better than others. This requires a lot of forensics
training so the work is done properly.
Officer Tom Kipp said that there is a big backlog for sex offenders, and the
work should be expanded to cover other felonies. The Portland crime lab is
very backlogged.
4. Update on Status of State Budget.
Commissioner DeWolf said that the Legislators are still haggling over dollars.
Regarding 1145 funding, they are holding out for the most optimistic figure of
$190 million, which is still below what is needed by $15 million. He added that
he appreciated seeing the Judge's letter regarding the A & D funding disparity.
Where the funding ends up eventually is still a big unknown.
Mike McArthur, the new Director of AOC, said that the special operations
committee meets weekly with Senator Schrader, and has said that $190 million
would be a fair number, based on the old formula and the new caseload.
Senator Schrader doesn't agree, and is stuck on a figure of $183 million. This
figure may not allow for a possible opt-out scenario.
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 2 of 7 Pages
A hybrid version has been proposed, which would be at the $190 million figure,
with a jail cost study and a community corrections operation study to be done
during the next biennium, resulting in a roll-out of a new number. The House
leadership, the Governor's Office and the Sheriffs agree.
Judge Sullivan asked if there is anything happening regarding the inequities of
A & D funding, since Deschutes County is one of the lowest funded in the state.
Mr. McArthur replied that AOC can't get involved in this issue since it
represents all Oregon counties, and some counties could be negatively affected
by changes to this funding. New funding would have to be identified that
would go towards better equity; it would take new money to solve the problem
without negatively affected other counties.
5. Discussion regarding Electronic Monitoring vs. Matrixing.
Commissioner DeWolf noted that this issue had been discussed in the past. The
question is how the relationship or orders from the Court come together. The
Jail has to release inmates almost daily. He asked why the situation is basically
"get out of jail free" instead of requiring monitoring. Judge Tiktin may have
written that this can't be done; but is that the case.
Jacques DeKalb noted that it costs $25 per day to monitor, and the funds aren't
there. Judge Sullivan added that it is problematic in that many of the offenders
don't have a phone or may not have a landline phone, which is required to
electronically monitor; a cell phone can't handle it. There are problems getting
the monitoring installed, and the offender needs to be up to date on the phone
bill. The offenders can't afford the cost in most cases since they are indigent;
the cost is $700 or more per month. And, of course, these offenders know the
matrix system and use it to their advantage.
Ruth Jenkin said that the Sheriff's Office has to be fair and objective when
matrixing out offenders, and can't just release those who have a landline phone.
They are released until their court date, and those who are sentenced are
released with time served. Many of the offenders stated that they don't have a
phone, and would rather be on day release at a cost of $5 per day.
Mr. DeKalb added that many of those who agree have good paying jobs that
they want to keep.
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 3 of 7 Pages
Ms. Jenkin stated that through the Supervisory Advisory Board, some are
recommended for monitoring. Certain crimes are looked at differently, and it
depends on whether they go into treatment. It costs $86 per day to house them
in the jail. Monitoring would be cheaper; but matrixing out is free.
Scott Johnson asked if this is being discussed as part of the jail expansion
project. There have been 430 inmates matrixed out this calendar year. Judge
Sullivan replied that most are released before they are even adjudicated. The
process is not easily applied to all on an equal basis.
Jack Blum asked if they are being matrixed out, why would they want the
electronic monitoring. Judge Sullivan replied that some want to keep their jobs
and take care of their families. An analysis was done years ago prior to the new
jail being built. Terry Chubb added that most who are monitoring do pay; many
are DUI cases and those individuals may not want to spend time in the jail.
6. Update regarding Meth Action Coalition.
Bruce Abernethy stated that a CD has been developed that talks about the meth
problem. This is part of an overall media plan. The Meth Action Coalition
began about 16 months ago, and was an outgrowth of the meth seminar held I
2003. There were about fifty people in attendance, and this seminar opened a
lot of eyes. The MAC has no staffing, no budget, but some good volunteers.
The plan that was adopted has something that works for everyone. There are
monthly meetings of between 20 and 25 people, including family members who
have been impacted, former meth users, representatives from social services
agencies and law enforcement, and others. A meth summit is scheduled for
June 30 at the Riverhouse. Presentations have been given to the local city
councils, the County, local Chambers of Commerce, the Leadership Council of
the Bend-La Pine School District, various health advisory boards and Rotary
clubs. Rotary has been asked to adopt the meth awareness project as their next
campaign. Funding of $35,000 has been requested.
He added they are working with student groups at Pilot Butte Middle school,
and a presentation was made at the Safe Schools Alliance. The plan is to
develop a focus group over the summer to try to determine what type of
message might help to make a difference. The group sees itself in a supporting
role, and feedback on how to be more effective would be appreciated.
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 4 of 7 Pages
Tammy Baney stated that thirty people could attend the June 30 summit. The
business community needs to become engaged with the issue. She is going to
find out how the State plans to deal with the problem.
Mr. Abernethy said that they are working closely with agencies in Jefferson and
Crook counties. Thanks to the Commission on Children & Families, about 100
kits have been purchased. They would like to hear about some ideas to
encourage the involvement of private citizens.
Commissioner DeWolf noted that funding inequity between counties is still a
big problem. Ernie Mazorol said it would help if the cities would weigh in on
the inequity issue.
Tammy Baney added that it would be helpful for each department to keep
statistics; it would be very helpful if this information was available for grant
writing purposes.
7. Discussion regarding a Needle Exchange Program.
Dan Peddycord said that Shannon Dames of the Communicable Disease
Program brought up the idea of a needle exchange program, since HIV and
hepatitis are spreading throughout the community via needle use.
Ms. Dames then presented a brief outline. She said that there are 20 to 30 new
cases each month, and this number continues to climb. Some of the new cases
are women of childbearing age. It has been shown that the needle exchange
program does work. Some people are concerned about the negative impact;
however, it does decrease the crime rate. There is some concern about it being
perceived as condoning drug use. The message is out there; it does not condone
drug use. The problem just can't and shouldn't be fought at the Health
Department level. She said that there are seven counties with a program now,
and for the most part their law enforcement agencies support it.
Dan Peddycord added that the program would be discreet; the individuals could
be handled at the Health, Mental Health or Jail facilities. The individuals would
be given a point of access. They would be tracked only with a number. It
would not be supported if it was not anonymous; there needs to be a direct
relationship with the client, who can then be offered other services.
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 5 of 7 Pages
The cost would be about $1,500 for supplies, with most labor being provided on
a volunteer basis. Some people won't want to pay for the service; the County is
already paying for it through investigations of and treatment for HIV and
hepatitis.
Judge Sullivan indicated that this should be discussed further at the next
LPSCC meeting. The concept makes sense but needs support. This issue
affects the cities and Parole & Probation, and the police departments may want
to weigh in on it. It would be good to come to some kind of consensus and
make a recommendation if appropriate.
Commissioner DeWolf noted that it would help if a recommendation came from
LPSCC to the Board of Commissioners. The issue is controversial but has been
shown to be effective in other areas. It would be good if everything was
planned out and in place prior to rolling the program out to the public.
Judge Sullivan said that he also needs to talk with the other judges before taking
a position.
8. Other Business.
Brian Fuller of Mental Health was introduced. He provided a description of the
services he provides, which is handling homeless outreach through a new
PATH grant, which is meant to help the homeless who are diagnosed with
mental health issues. He said he could be a primary contact for individuals that
LPSCC members run across who have this type of problem. He added that he
would be available to make presentations to various groups.
Commissioner Luke asked if there is going to be a public open house at the
Courthouse after the remodel is complete but before the Judges move into their
new quarters. He feels local citizens would enjoy seeing the remodeled
buildings and have a right to know how their tax dollars were spent, and they
won't be able to tour the entire facility after everyone has moved back in. Ernie
Mazorol replied that transitioning makes it difficult. Commissioner Luke said
that perhaps Legal Counsel Laurie Craghead could speak with members of the
local bar to help make arrangements. Commissioner Luke and Mr. Mazorol
will meet to discuss this further.
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 6 of 7 Pages
Commissioner DeWolf advised that the members of LPSCC should have
received an invitation for an early childhood conference scheduled for October
28 in Sunriver. He added that an RSVP should be given to Liz Oja in his office,
and also asked that if other people should be invited to let him know as soon as
possible.
9. Items for the Next Meeting (July 11).
Some items for the next meeting would be an update on the Community
Corrections budget, the needle exchange program, and the status of the State
budget, particularly in regard to 1145 funding.
Being no further items addressed, the meeting adjourned at 4:55 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
c
Recording Secretary
Attachments
Exhibit A: Sign-in sheet (1 page)
Exhibit B: Agenda (I page)
Exhibit C: "Identifying the Missing" article - Tom DeWolf (7 pages)
Exhibit D: Letter from Judge Sullivan regarding funding inequities (1 page)
Exhibit E: Informational material on meth - Meth Action Coalition (13 pages)
Exhibit F: Documents regarding needle exchange/risk reduction program -
Shannon Dames, Health Department (7 pages)
Exhibit G: Transition from homelessness handout - Brian Fuller, Mental Health
(I page)
Minutes of LPSCC Meeting Monday, June 6, 2005
Page 7 of 7 Pages
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p Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
1300 NW Wall St., Suite 200, Bend, OR 97701-1960
(541) 388-6570 - Fax (541) 385-3202 - www.deschutes.org
MEETING AGENDA
LOCAL PUBLIC SAFETY COORDINATING COUNCIL
3:30 P.M., MONDAY, JUNE 6, 2005
Commissioners' Conference Room - Administration Building, Second Floor
1300 NW Wall St.., Bend
1. Call to Order & Introductions
2. Approval of Minutes of May 2, 2005 Meeting
3. Presentation of Notes regarding the Department of Justice National Strategy
Meeting - Tom DeWolf
4. Update on Status of State Budget
5. Discussion regarding Electronic Monitoring vs. Matrixing - Tom DeWolf
6. Update regarding Meth Action Coalition - Hillary Saraceno
7. Discussion regarding a Needle Exchange Program - Dan Peddycord
8. Other Business
9. Items for the Next Meeting (July 11)
Exhibit
Page -I of
Identifying the Missing
National Strategy Meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice
April 28-29, 2005
Report by Deschutes County Commissioner, Tom DeWolf
I was contacted by the National Association of Counties and asked to attend this
meeting as a policy-maker representing both Deschutes County, Oregon and the Justice
& Public Safety Steering Committee of NACo, which I serve as Vice Chair. Two other
members of J&PS and one NACo staffer also attended. DOJ paid all expenses for
approximately 200 people to attend.
The events of September 11, 2001, demonstrated on a national scale the potential
for anguish when the remains of a missing person go unidentified. Historically, there has
been an inability to maximize resources and share information among entities charged
with identifying remains and entities conducting investigations. The President has
charged the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) with identifying the policies and practices
that will allow investigative agencies to use every available tool-including DNA-in
solving missing persons cases.
At this meeting, DOJ is bringing together Federal, State, and local law
enforcement; coroners and medical examiners; victim advocates; forensic scientists; key
policymakers; and family members who have lived through this tragic experience. These
participants along with DOJ components will help develop a national strategy to address
this critical problem and to foster and enable collaboration across geographic
jurisdictions and individual fields of expertise.
Co-sponsoring DOJ components include the Office of Justice Programs, the
Bureau of Justice Assistance, the National Institute of Justice, the Office for Victims of
Crime, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, and the Office on
Violence Against Women.
The goal is to create a national strategy around crime solution, public safety and
officer safety. Connecting criminals to their crimes solves more crimes and allows the
public to be safer.
The remains of thousands of unidentified persons -far more than previously
counted - lie buried in paupers' graves or packed away in local crime labs, say coroners,
medical examiners and others.
Now the federal government is tackling the issue. On Thursday, representatives of
the Justice Department, the FBI and local death investigators will meet in Philadelphia
to develop a strategy for solving more cases of missing and unidentified dead people.
■ USA Today, Wednesday, April 27, 2005
Exhibit
Page of
Thursday, April 28
Introduction
The NCIC (National Crime Information Center) was established in 1975. 100,000
persons at any given time are listed as missing in NCIC files. 5,800 unidentified persons
are listed in NCIC. Estimates of actual number of unidentified missing persons range into
the tens of thousands. Almost all of the 5,800 in NCIC are from four states. Only thirty
four states have DNA samples listed.
Framing the Issue
Emily Craig, Forensic Anthropologist, Kentucky. "In most cases, you can't solve
the crime if you can't identify the victim.
Randy Hanzlick, Medical Examiner, Fulton County, Georgia. "The problem is
that there is no `one stop shopping' (there are huge numbers of local, state & federal
fingerprint files, NCIC files, police files, DNA labs, missing persons websites, etc). There
is no one place to gather information. The various sources of information are not
connected. In Atlanta, all remaining unidentified victims from 2003-04 are African
American, which indicates a lack of access to health care.
John Bish, Founder, The Molly Bish Foundation. "My daughter went missing
June 27, 2000. When I kissed her that morning before going to work, I didn't know I was
kissing her goodbye. It was three years before she was found. The perpetrator has not yet
been found. On June 27, 2000, Molly went to work as a lifeguard at Warren,
Massachusetts. At 10:15am, the first parent arrived with her child to find no lifeguard.
Three years later, Molly was brought home one bone at a time; literally. There were 26
bones found five miles from where she was abducted. She was buried on her 20cn
birthday. DNA testing was critical to identifying Molly. The goal is to identify the victim;
identify the criminal; prevent future crime; save a life; save a world."
www.mollybish.org.
The Role of the FBI: Resources and Support
Harry Carlile, NCIC, FBI. The National Crime Information Center is a
computerized index of criminal justice information (i.e. - criminal record history
information, fugitives, stolen properties, missing persons). It is available to Federal, state,
and local law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies and is operational 24 hours
a day, 365 days a year. The purpose for maintaining the NCIC system is to provide a
computerized database for ready access by a criminal justice agency making an inquiry
and for prompt disclosure of information in the system from other criminal justice
agencies about crimes and criminals. This information assists authorized agencies in
criminal justice and related law enforcement objectives, such as apprehending fugitives,
locating missing persons, locating and returning stolen property, as well as in the
protection of the law enforcement officers encountering the individuals described in the
system.
Kevin Crawford, Special Agent, Critical Incidents Response Group, FBI. ViCAP
(Violent Criminal Apprehension Program) has a goal to collect, collate and analyze
homicides, sexual assaults, missing persons, kidnap victims and unidentified dead bodies.
Services include matching cases, cold case analysis, identification of trends, case
Exhibit
Page of
matrices, multi-agency meetings and ViCAP alerts. The objective is to create a national
network.
John Stewart, Program Manager, Missing Persons DNA Database, FBI. He works
on DNA analysis for missing persons as a result of mass disasters. The main units are
DNA analysis and CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) See website at:
http://www.fbi. og_v/hq/lab/codis/indexl htm.
Luncheon Keynote Address
John Walsh, America's Most Wanted
840 fugitives have been captured as a result of Walsh's television show. 41
children have been safely recovered.
Walsh lost his 6-year old son Adam in 1981. Adam was murdered. A suspect was
identified in 1984. The criminal confessed. In his car was a blood stained carpet. When
DNA testing came of age, they went to the Hollywood Police Department to test the
DNA to know for sure who killed Adam. The PD lost the carpet; lost the whole car.
"How would you like to be that parent?"
The universal statement by parents of missing children: "The worst is the not
knowing." Parents want knowledge and they want justice. Is that too much to ask?"
"How could a country with our resources have only 5,800 UDP on NCIC? This is
absurd. Every state should mandate DNA samples for felony convicts. If rape victims
were men; if stalkers were after men; if the child victims were men, these laws would've
been passed years ago."
DOJ Resource Overview
Information available at www.dna.gov
Breakout Session: Missing Persons and Intimate Partner Violence Stalking & Homicide
Moderator: Catherine Pierce, Office on Violence Against Women. When
discussing missing persons, when the victims are young people, they are equally divided
between males and females. For victims over age 16, 70% are women.
Jacqueline Campbell, PhD., Associate Dean, Johns Hopkins University School of
Nursing, one of the nation's experts on domestic violence. In homicides as a result of
battering relationships, 40-50% of U.S. women are murdered by husband, boyfriend or
ex. 5-8% of U.S. men are murdered by wife, girlfriend or ex. www.vpc.org. In 2001, of
1899 women who were killed, 7% were killed by strangers. 51 % were killed by intimate
partners. Death by domestic violence is the 7th leading cause of premature death for
women. Police Departments and their homicide divisions are under funded and
technologically challenged. Unsolved cases are assumed to be murders by strangers, but a
Los Angeles study found that 30% were likely killed by intimates. Campbell's
recommendation is increased research of gender issues. Publicize the reality. When a
child is missing, check custody issues. When a woman is missing, check DV history.
David Thomas, Assistant Director, Domestic Violence Program, Johns Hopkins
University. "The whole issue of the missing and unidentified is below the radar.
Education of the public, stakeholders, law enforcement, etc, is key. For every high profile
case, there are many under-served population victims that no one hears about."
Exhibit
Page_ of
Janet Reno is quoted as saying "Domestic violence is the root cause of our social
ills. When we effectively address DV, all forms of crime will drop."
Fernando Mederos, Director, Safe Havens. Mederos spoke of missing persons and
perpetrators of domestic violence and what to look for after a disappearance, the
characteristics of perpetrators, criminal records and collateral information (handout is
available)
Byron Johnson, Professor of Sociology, Baylor University. Fatality Review
Team: study deaths to determine the level of DV in homicides, suicides, attempted
murder, missing persons, etc. There is a wealth of material at www.ndvfri.org. Fatality
Review Teams are made up of law enforcement, clergy, family, etc.
Breakout Session: Solving the Case: Medical Examiners/Coroners and Law Enforcement
Working Together
Marcella Fierro, Chief Medical Examiner, Virginia. Medical Examiners and
Coroners face multiple challenges. Jurisdictions vary among cities, counties and states.
They may work with multiple agencies. State systems work with a wide variety of
agencies. Small jurisdictions don't have many unidentified victims. Current technology
permits electronic entry of all items by ME/C & LE, including photos of faces, clothes,
effects, demographics, etc.
Fierro recommends several things:
1) Develop revised UP/MP protocols for ME/C & LE of elements and procedures
needed for identification.
2) ME/C need direct access into NCIC. The person with the body is the person with
the problem. Currently, fewer than 100 ME/C in all of the U.S. have access
3) Mandate reporting by ME/C or UB into national system within one week.
4) Mandate LE start collection of data (dental, DNA, SMT [scars, marks, tattoos]) at
time of initial screening and report to national database within one week.
5) Develop educational website for ME/C & LE on all critical identification issues.
6) Develop system where LE can learn to collect and disseminate data.
7) Develop public website where general public can query.
8) Fund training, website, etc.
Dean Gialamas, Director of Forensics Division, Orange County, CA Sheriff's
Office. California law specifies comprehensive protocols for communication among LE,
ME/C. Orange County has a systematic process for dealing with the unidentified.
Friday, April 29
Coroners and Medical Examiners Census Report
Larry Greenfield, Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics. www.ojp.usdoj.jzov/bis
The BJS searchable website receives an average of 20,000 hits per day. Local data
is available as well as national data.
In 1993 there were 24,000 murders in the U.S. In 2003, there were 16,000. If we
maintained the 1993 rate, an additional 81,000 people would have been murdered over
this 10-year period. We've seen a 28% drop in the murder rate. We've also seen a drop in
non-fatal firearm violence in the same timeframe with 6 million fewer victims. In these
11 years, we've seen the largest increase in data collection about victims and criminals,
ExhibitC
Page_ 0 f
retention and sharing of data. Information is much more easily shared. It is harder for
criminals to hide by moving.
1.1 million people were prevented from purchasing firearms due to background
checks. In 1976, 80% of murders were cleared with an arrest (victim knew killer 76% of
the time). Today, 62% of murders are cleared with an arrest (victims know killers 57% of
the time). The solution rate is lower for age 18-24, for males, for the Northeast U.S., for
blacks. Children born in 1987 are half as likely to commit murder as those born in 1978.
Children born in 1985 have the lowest murder arrest rate of any birth year at age 15.
Principles and Models of Collaboration
Madeline `Mimi' Carter, Center for Effective Public Policy (Mimi's power point
presentation is available upon request).
Everybody talks about collaboration, but who's doing it? Collaboration is
frequently misunderstood and mistaken for other types of relationships:
• Networking: the simplest form of joint activity; the exchange of ideas for mutual
benefit.
• Coordinating: the exchange of ideas and the altering of activities for mutual
benefit.
• Cooperation: in addition to exchanging ideas and altering activities, sharing
resources for mutual benefit.
• Collaboration: reaches beyond these concepts to a much higher level of
commitment and responsibility. Collaboration shifts organizational and individual
focus from competition to consensus; from working alone to working together;
from thinking about activities to thinking about results. Collaboration is working
together to achieve a common goal that is difficult or impossible to reach without
the assistance of another.
Working collaboratively offers the greatest promise of addressing the complex
problems we face in criminal justice. However, working collaboratively is, by its very
nature, contrary to how the criminal justice system functions. In their efforts to create a
system of fairness through checks and balances, the architects of the criminal justice
system created a structure that is adversarial; managed by highly independent officials,
many of whom are elected or appointed; and absent a single leader or authority. These
circumstances create an environment of competition and mistrust, not collaboration.
The problems the justice system faces today are far too complex for any single
agency to address independently. Consider the following. There are fifty highly
independent states, over three thousand counties and over seventeen thousand law
enforcement agencies.
The September 11 Report criticizes the lack of collaboration. Our system was
created in a completely different, simpler time. We must build new structures to meet
complex challenges.
There are eight characteristics that set apart successful from unsuccessful
collaborative efforts:
1) A clear and elevating goal (The greatest threat is politics and personal agendas.
When my goal is more important than our goal)
2) A unified commitment to the goal (the most elusive of the 8 traits)
3) A results-driven structure
Exhibit
Page -z;- Of
4) The right people on the team (essential skills, strong desire to contribute, capacity
to collaborate effectively)
5) Effective, principled leadership (team vision; unleash the energy of teammates)
6) A climate conducive to collaborating (trust is the key and includes honesty,
openness, consistency and respect)
7) Standards of excellence (accountable measures and outcomes)
8) External support and recognition (resources to get the job done)
Lessons Learned:
1) Start wherever you can--collaboration can begin at the "top" or at the ground
level.
2) Begin clearly focused on the goal you hope to achieve. Your "vision" will inspire
others to join you.
3) Be patient. True partnerships can take time to build.
4) Focus on building trust and relationships. These are the single most important
ingredients to any successful collaboration.
5) Trust and relationships between partners must be based upon mutual respect and
an understanding of the opportunities and constraints that each partner faces.
6) The capacity for change must be built; it is not a naturally occurring phenomenon.
7) Be aware of, and understand, historical relationships between agencies. Be
informed by your history, not shaped by it.
8) Strive for consensus but realize that true collaboration often develops through
negotiation and compromise.
Luncheon Keynote Address
Janis McCall, parent of missing daughter; One Missing Link.
McCall's 18-year old daughter and two others are still missing after 13 years. The
three women (Staci, a high school classmate and her mother) were likely stalked and
kidnapped right after high school graduation. Four days earlier, Janis, Staci and her two
sisters had watched Adam, the movie about John Walsh's son. Staci has been missing
since the day after spending the night at a friend's house, the morning after graduation.
She read from the book I Promise I'll Find You, by Heather Patricia Ward. "Find my
daughter or find her body. I want her back."
Designing a Comprehensive Approach to Identifying Missing Persons:
Recommendations for Action
This session was designed to draw upon the expertise of participants in beginning
the process of building a strategy to efficiently and effectively identify missing persons.
Participants were divided into six working groups. Recommendations from the group I
was involved with included:
We need:
• Leadership from the top: a national goal
• A central repository/clearing house
• Specific commitment to resources/funding
• Central resource for families (a guide for parents of missing children)
Exhibit C
Page _a of
A legislative mandate
Education and training
Better utilization of media/outreach/PR
Barriers: Lack of:
• training
• public policy
• standardization
• resources
We do a better job of finding stolen cars than finding missing children. It is easy
to share information on both cars and kids. The universal question at the beginning of this
two-day meeting was "why am I here?" By the end, after hearing from and meeting 15-20
victims/parents and all the discussion, we all know why we're here.
Strategic Planning Session
Organizers expected 6-8 people to show up for this meeting, scheduled for 3:15 -
5:15pm on Friday afternoon after two long days of work. They expected people to need
to head home. Over 70 showed up. The purpose was a discussion of draft legislation to
improve the ability of law enforcement to locate and safely return high risk missing
persons, to improve the identification of human remains and to improve timely
information and notification to family members of missing persons.
As a result of this session, the Confidential Draft Legislation will be re-worked
and distributed with a goal of having it legislatively adopted by the fifty states.
Exhibit
Page -1 of
Deschutes County
Local Public Safety Coordinating Council
June 1, 2005
Sen. Ben Westlund
900 Court St. NE S-211
Salem, OR 97301
Rep. Chuck Burley
900 Court St. NE H- 492
Salem, OR 97301
Rep. Gene Whisnant
900 Court St. NE H-277
Salem, OR 97301
Re: Urgent need for a fair funding formula for Oregon's treatment resources
Dear Members of the Central Oregon Delegation:
This letter is being offered on behalf of the members of the Deschutes County Local
Public Safety Coordinating Council. We are asking that you work with fellow
legislators, the Governor's Office and DHS this spring to assure the development of a fair
and balanced funding formula for Oregon's alcohol and other drug treatment resources.
The lack of addiction treatment resources is a significant and ongoing public safety
concern in Deschutes County. We are fully aware that this issue has persisted for a
number of years and that it has been compounded by the lack of a rational and fair
funding formula, resulting in strikingly few resources for our community and several
other areas of our state. These facts coupled with significant cuts in OHP Standard and
indigent funding in recent years as well as the dramatic population growth in Central
Oregon have left us lacking in basic services that are essential to our community.
We recognize that many issues compete for your time and attention but ask that you
make this issue a priority, that you urge development of a formula this year and that the
new formula be implemented on some level during the 2005-2007 biennium.
Thank you for any assistance you can provide.
Sincerely,
Judge Michael Sullivan
Chairman, Deschutes County Local Public Safety Coordinating Council
cc: Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
Robert Nikkel, Administrator, DHS OMHAS
Craig Campbell, Governor's Office
Members, Deschutes County Local Public Safety Coordinating Council
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Page of
M TtH Meth Action Coalition (MAC) - Organizational Framework
ACT I t A
WORKING LIT." HE METH
i EPIDEMIC IN DE MUTH COUNTY
Mission Statement: "To eliminate the use, sale and manufacturing of meth in Central
Oregon in partnership with law enforcement, treatment and
prevention professionals"
Regular meeting time: 12 noon - 1:00 pm on the 4th Thursday of the month at CCF
offices in Bend, MAC committees may meet at other times
Contact number: Tip/info line being developed - on the web at www.methaction.org
Staffing:
Do not anticipate applying for 501(c)3 status, no current paid staff
Steering
Advisory
Committee Committee
Public Relations ♦
I _
_ Meth Action Resource
Committee
Coalition (MAC)
Development
Committee
1
MAC Projects
- Meth Watch
- Resource Library
- Schools/Youth
- Volunteer Development
- Treatment/Support Group(s)
Outreach and
Education Committee
MAC committees - responsibilities
Steering Committee - comprised of 6-8 people who bring a'wide range of skills and interests,
are able to connect with the community, and increase awareness andparticipation, Similar in
function to a "working board" will meet at least once outside of regular monthly meeting.
Purpose is to:
• set specific policy/direction for the organization
• approve and oversee specific projects
• be responsible for data collection and evaluation
• be responsible for developing materials as needed
• establish other committees as needed
Exhibit
Page 3 of
Advisory Committee - comprised of high-level decision-makers in law enforcement, health
care, schools, etc. to provide broad policy guidance and ensure that we are adding value to their
own efforts. Advisory Committee members include:
Charlie Beck.
Jenny Chocole Birnie
Pat Carey
Dennis Dempsey
Mike Dugan
Andy Jordan
Dennis Luke
Dan Peddycord
Lane Roberts
Shannon Roy
Les Stiles
Judy Trego
Rick Treleaven
Alan Unger
Becky Wanless
Ben Westlund
Principal, La Pine High School
Director, Deschutes Juvenile Community Justice
Manager, SDA 10 DHS Children, Adults and Families
Superintendent, High Desert Educational Service District
District Attorney
Bend Police Chief
Deschutes County Commissioner
Director, Deschutes County Health Department
Redmond Police Chief
Director of Student Services, Bend - La Pine School District
Deschutes County Sheriff
Community Advocate, Community Action Team of Sisters
Director, BestCare Treatment Services
Mayor of Redmond
Director, Deschutes County Parole and Probation
OR State Senator
Public Relations Committee responsible for relations with the media (print, tv and radio),
policy makers and the public, share information, develop stories, train a cadre °of spokespersons.
Additional purpose is to meet with key policy makers of all levels (state, county, city, schools,
etc.) to determine if there are legislative changes that can be made to assist our efforts
Resource Development Committee - purpose is to identify sources of funds to support ongoing
operations (e.g. meetings, basic supplies) and to help raise funds for specific projects and for
community partners, will include grant writing and possibly special events
Outreach and Education Committee - purpose is to raise awareness about meth throughout the
community, work to expand programs and offerings (printed materials, videos, trainings,
courses, etc.), may involve grant writing, presentations to the school board, chambers, classes,
service clubs and neighborhood associations
MAC Proiects
Meth Watch works with local retailers to discourage theft and large-quantity purchases of
products and supplies used to make meth and raise public awareness of the meth problem
Resource Library - purpose is to identify all meth-related resources in the 'County (e.g. materials,
curriculum, brochures, videos, posters, speakers and personnel/trainers); to determine if there are
additional resources that we should get and develop a system for distribution and tracking
Treatment/Support Group(s) - role will be to help change community attitudes towards treatment
and building partnerships. May also involve advocacy and fundraising. Will likely take the lead
on discussions around implementing a drug court in Deschutes County. A related part will work
to develop a support group for family members who are impacted by meth.
Exhibit
Page of 13
Infon?nation Deschutes County Health Department
1§) 2577 NE Courtney Drive
Provided By:
Bend, OR 97701 (Ph) 322-7400
Methamphetamine Health Effects Fact Sheet
Signs of Stimulant Use:
Restless Euphoria Body tremors
Anxious Excited speech Talkative
Tooth grinding Agitation Appetite loss
Intense paranoia Extreme moodiness Increased thrist
Chronic Stimulant Use:
Nasal perforations and nose bleeds among snorters
Dental problems, including missing teeth, bleedingand infected gums, toothdecaV, dental caries
Muscle cramping rel,ited to dehyd ration«viIli lo%v magnesium tInd potassium levels
Dermatitis around motIt] from smoking Iwdrocttloride salt in meth, burns to skin
Stale urine smell due to anmionia conslitnE'nts used in 111anilf8CtL1 ring
Variousski n conditions, scabs from scratching"crank bugs", chronic itching from mrth
Acute/Short Term Physical Effects:
Dilated pupils, headache lethargy Diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting
Elevated body temperature Increased blood pressure, heart, and respiratory rate
Anorexia, weight loss Shortness of breath, cough, chest pain, dizzines
Skin rashes, sores and infections Writhing, jerky, flailing movements
Lack of coordination, convulsions Chest pains, ischemia, arrhythmia, vasospasm
Brain hemorrhage Organ failure
Stroke and death Insomnia
Long Term Effects:
Done loss and malnutrition Iminuno-suppression
Irreversible liver damage Various Card iovasculJ r problems
I'olentialiv fatal Iii er/kidney; lung disease Ahnormal brain clhemistry
Longterm damage like stroke/Parkfiison's Chronic depression /changes in personality
Toxicity from lab chemicals Hepatitis IV(', HtV from sharing needle-, snortirng(s(raws)
Loss of teeth Severe depression
Irritable heliavior
Psychological Effects:
Progressively aggressive or violent behavior Disinterest in former activities
Increased physical or sexual activity False sense of confidence and power
Environmental Effects:
Toxic waste, fire danger, explosives
Health elfecls toindiciduals living in former drug lab location
Meth Action Coalition (MAC) www.metliactlon.org
a A
Exhibit
Page of
i.
Infonnation Deschutes County Mental Health Department
Provided By: 2577 NE Courtney Drive
9 Bend, OR 97701 (Ph) 322-7500
Stages of Adolescent Chemical Dependency
Misuse / Early Abuse Harmfully Involved (Abuse) Harmfully Dependent
Patterns of Use:
Weekend alcohol use
Some pot -use
Low tolerance
Regular use with pattern
Uses primarily at parties
No blackouts
Attitudes Towards Use:
Feels guilty about use
Doesn't see it as a problem
Justifies use as similar to peers
Legal Issues:
MIP for possession
School Problems:
Mild decline in grades
Remains involved in school activities
May have been caught at school
activity in possession with peers
Family Issues:
Mild family conflicts (curfew,sgoing
to parties, fear of driving dru n k)
Still involved in family activities
Irritable behavior
Peer Relationships:
Same-aged friends
Mainstream peer group
A/D use not associated with sex
Emotional Well-being:
Positive feelings from feeling close
to peers outweighs anynega tive
emotional effects from use
Spiritual:
Decline in church involvement
Some weekday use
Use of other drugs / herd liquor
Increase in tolerance
Rituals of use
Use in smaller social groups
Blackouts
Buving drugs / Hiding drugs
Protective of right to use
Denial
Compares self to "late stage" users
to prove no drug problem
ivt u I tiple Ml P's
Dull
Non status offenses (runawa\,,
shoplifting, stealing)
Drop full letter grade or more
Less involved in school activities
Decline in attitude towards school
Frequent skipping and absences
Increased famity conflict
VVithdrawal Isom involvement with
family
Abusive beha% for
Mix of same-aged and older friends
Separates self from "straight" peers -
most time spent with "using" peers
Uses alcohol or drugs along with sex
E,(periences anxiely from negative
life consequences
Uses drugs to cope with emotions
Any previous involvement has
been dropped completely
Daily use
Regular use of multiple substances
Using harder d i ur;~, (c.g. crack, heroin)
lncrease in tole rancewithwithdrawal
Compulsive use'
All aught binges / use for several days
Multiple blackouts
Dealing / Maintain a supply
"I know it'shurtingme, butl don'tcare"
"I want to stop but I can't"
May have periods of genuine desire
to stop, with attempts at abstinence
N lay have serious juvenile offenses
(h a rglary, Brea king/ entry, jail-time)
Anti-socialbehavior
I )ru; ; dealing
Grades drop 2 letter grades
Failing most classes
Drop out or expelled
Enrolled in alternative school
evcrc multiple conflicts (beyond
S I
parental (onlrol - runaways)
Kicked outof the home
Aggressi%,e betmvior
Many older friends
Limited contact with non-using peers
Sex strongly associated with A /D use
Feelings 1n,hern not using are black
and negative
Cvnical and numb
Depression / Hopelessness
suicidal thoughts
Emotionally burned out
Disrupted spirituality
Fascination with the occult
AMETH
-1111-
Meth Action Coalition (MAC) www.metl7action.org Exhibit
Page of 33
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Page :13 of
Risk Reduction
A Risk Reduction Strategy in Deschutes County; Reducing the
Spread of Disease amongst Injection Drug Users and their
Contacts
Prepared By:
Shannon Dames RN, BN
Deschutes County Communicable Disease Coordinator
Exhibit F-
Page 0 f ---2
Risk Reduction
A Risk Reduction Strategy for Deschutes County; Reducing the Spread of
Disease Among Injection Drug Users and their Contacts
Description of Relationship between Injection Drug Use and Disease Transmission
r6. National and State Trends:
• Illegal drug abuse tripled in Oregon between 1995 and 1999. More Oregonians are
abusing or dependent on illicit drugs than alcohol. One in nine Oregonians needs
treatment for drug abuse and addiction, compared to one in sixteen in 1995 (DHS,
2000).
• Methamphetamine use has been declared an epidemic in Oregon (Governer
Kulongoski, 2004).
• Deschutes County has been designated one of seven High Incidence Drug Traffic
Areas in Oregon (District Attorney, 2002).
• A majority of methamphetamine users inject the drug. (DEA, 1996).
• Needle Sharing is the strongest determinant in the spread of HIV and Hepatitis C
(Stark, Bienzle, Vonk, Guggenmoos-Holzmann, 1997).
.h► The Link Between IV Drug Use and the Spread of Disease:
• 78% of injection drug users will get Hepatitis C within the first year of use.
(Hagan, Thiede, Des Jarlais, 2004).
• Half of all Hepatitis C infections are directly related to injection drug use
(American Medical Association et al. , 1999).
• Injection drug use has played an increasing role in the spread of HIV and AIDS,
accounting for (Human Health Services press release, 4/20/98):
o More then 40% of cases of AIDS reported in the U. S. have been linked to
injection drug use.
o More then 70% of HIV infections among women of childbearing age are
related either directly or indirectly to injection drug use.
o More then 75 % of babies diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were infected as a direct
or indirect result of injection drug use by a parent.
.k A Focused Look at the Methamphetamine User Profile (Zule, Desmond, D, 1999):
• 25% of Meth users inject daily, 75% inject but not daily.
• Cleaning of needles: 56% with water, 7% with bleach, 37% with other (alcohol
product).
• Needle sharing: "sometimes share" - 62%, use needle more then once - 59%, at
times of needle shortage it is not uncommon to reuse needles more then 50 times, or
"till they stop working."
• Have Sex partners who share needles (in last 6 mo.): 71% of users.
• Frequency of condom use: 69% of users do not use protection at all.
Exhibit
Page of -7
Risk Reduction
Needle Exchange Programs are a Risk Reduction Strategy
14► Needle Exchange Programs have resulted in:
• 80% reduction in risk behaviors in injecting drug users by implementing a needle
exchange program (NEP) (National Institutes of Health, 1997).
• 60% reduction in HIV incidence among injection drug users by implementing a
NEP (Laufer, 2001, Hellinger,1993).
• NEP's save hundreds of millions of tax dollars nationally, by reducing the need
to provide tertiary care to those infected with HIV and/or Hepatitis from sharing
needles (1993 Berkeley/UCSF study).
• Maximized community access to healthcare, while promoting risk reduction
practices and prevention in the community.
• A needle exchange program will reduce IDU emergency department visits (Pollack
& Altice, 2002).
How Needle Exchange Programs Prevent High risk Behaviors, and Ultimately
Decrease Injection Drug Use in the Community:
• Needle Exchange Programs offer an `in' to IDU population - thereby creating
opportunities to:
• Provide education about risk reduction.
• Promote other risk reduction products (condoms, sanitation supplies,
etc.).
• Screen for communicable diseases (HIV, Hep B and Hep C) to prevent
further transmission.
• Vaccinate to prevent further infections.
• Act as an active intervention and referral source toward treatment
options, knowing that one to one interactions supports long-term
behavior change.
• Increase access to other healthcare needs.
• IDUs will use sterile syringes if given the opportunity and the means. Legal
restrictions are a primary reason for sharing syringes (Des 7arlais & Friedman,
1994).
m+ Do Needle Exchanges Encourage Drug Treatment?
YES
• After 6 months, 58% of participants in Connecticut NEP's reported entering
detox or treatment (Singer et al. , 1997).
• Reduced injection frequency and increased entry and retention in drug
treatment associated with NEPs in Seattle (Hagan et al., 2000).
rl~ Do Needle Exchange Programs Increase Injection Frequency?
NO. There is no evidence of NEP increasing drug use. (Fisher, Fenaughy,
Cagle, Wells, 2003). There is more evidence to suggest that risk reduction programs,
or needle exchanges, increase opportunities to intervene in the addiction cycle (Gold,
Gafni, Nelligan, Millson, 1997).
Exhibit
Page --3 of
Risk Reduction
,ik Do Needle Exchange Programs Increase Crime Rates?
NO. There is no correlation between Needle exchange programs and increased
crime rates (Marx, 2000) (Bor, 1999). In fact, needle exchange may ultimately result in
diminishing drug-related crime (Baltimore Department of Health Press Briefing, 1999).
When needle exchange programs are able to bridge drug users with drug treatment, the
number of individuals using drugs may decrease, thereby reducing demand for drugs.
Decreased demand for drugs can contribute to decreased drug-related crime, and
therefore, increased public safety.
4. Did the Number of Dirty Needles Increase in NEP Areas?
NO. In fact, there was a significant drop in the number of dirty needles in areas
around NEPs (Doherty et al., 1997), as well as community parks (Chicago Recovery
Alliance, 2000). One study found an increase in improperly discarded syringes after
public fears about a NEP forced the closure of a program (Broadhead, Van Hulst &
Heckathorn, 1999).
rL Do NEP's encourage children to Use Drugs?
NO. Teenagers say they are much more influenced by parents and peers using
drugs than by NEP's (Marx et al. 1999). In fact teens seeing IDUs at a NEP were more
likely to be discouraged rather than encouraged to use drugs.
Are Other Counties In Oregon Operating Needle Exchange Programs to Reduce
Risks in their Community?
YES. 7 other Oregon counties are currently using a Needle Exchange program
to reduce risks in the community. These Counties Include Benton County, Douglas
County, Jackson County, Josephine County, Lane County, Multnomah county, and
Tillamook County.
4. What message are we Sending to Drug Users?
The most vocal social response to drug use is condemnation. We hear it every
day, from our childhood until we die. Many drug users also experience violence,
incarceration, loss of family, loss of career, loss of home, loss of community, loss of
everything. Drug users are not missing the message, they are deeply aware of it. Drug
use is not caused or prevented by `messages.'
In the meantime, there is an epidemic (Grove, 2003).
A NEP does not condone drug use, it gives the message that we care about the
IDU as a person. We care about their health, as well as the health of the community at
large.
Exhibit
Page q_ of
Risk Reduction
In Summary
• There is overwhelming evidence that a needle exchange program will
decrease disease transmission within Deschutes County, as well as
offer opportunities to intervene in the addiction cycle.
The financial cost of maintaining a needle exchange, as a risk reduction
intervention, is small compared with the cost to our community if we do
not intervene.
Ensuring access to sterile syringes clearly upholds the principle of
beneficence as it has the potential to prevent irreversible harm and
death not only to the recipient but to the general public, by reducing
transmission to sexual partners and children of injection drug users
(Stancliff, Agins, Rich, Bums, 2003).
APATHY IS LETHAL
The prevalence of blood borne infections attests to the fact that a lack of a sterile syringe is not
a deterrent to injection drug use and that the likelihood of harm to the user and his or her
contacts is high in the absence of sterile access... failure to provide access could be considered
failure to guard against the risks of harm to others (Beauchamp, Childress, 1994).
Exhibit
Page of 71
-
Risk Reduction
References
American Medical Association, American Pharmaceutical Association, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, National
Association of Boards of Pharmacy, National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors. (1999). HIV prevention and access
to sterile syringes. Joint letter issued. Retrieved on April 22, 2005, from
http://www. nastad. org/Publ icPolicyResources/HI V PrevSterile Syrines.pdf
Baltimore Department of Health Press Briefing, March 29, 1999.
Beauchamp, T. , Childress, J. (1994). Principles of Biomedical Ethics pages. 4a' edition. Oxford University Press.
Bor J. Needle program no spur to crime. Baltimore Sun, March 30, 1999:1 B.
Broadhead RS, Van Hulst Y, Heckathorn DD. The Impact of a Needle Exchange's Closure. Public Health Reports 1999, Vol. 114:439-447.
Center for Disease control. (1995). Estimated numbers of cases of HIV/AIDS, by year of diagnosis and selected characteristics of persons,
2000-2003-33 areas with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting. Retrieved on April 24, 2005, from
http://www.ede.gov/hiv/state/2003SurveillanceRepo&tablel.htm
Chicago Recovery Alliance. (2000). Harm Reduction Outreach with Syringe Exchange. Retrieved April 20, 2005, from
www. anypositivechanae. ora.
Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Southern JL, et al. Continuity and change within an HIV epidemic: injecting drug users in New York City,
19841992. JAMA 1994;271;121-127
District Attorney Report. (2002). Retrieved on April 26a', 2005, from h
Http•//66 102 7 104/custom?a=cache•WeigiIi4rkMJ:www co deschutes or us/go/govemment/county-commissioners/programs and
reports/20024strict-attorney-report+Deschutes+county+Drug+Traffic+Area+&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
Doherty, M., Garfein, R., Vlahov, D., Junge, B., Rathouz, Pr., Galai, N., Anthony, J., and Beilenson, P. (1997). Discarded Needles Do Not
Increase Soon After the Opening of a Needle Exchange Program. American Journal of Epidemiology, 145 (3): 730 - 736.
Drug Enforcement Administration. (1996). Methamphetamine: A Growing Domestic Threat. Retrieved on April, 22, 2005, from
http://www.fas. org/irp/agency/doj/dea/product/meth/threat.htm
Fisher, d. , Fenaughty, A. , Cagle, H. , Wells, R. (2003). Needle Exchange and Injection Drug Use Frequency; A Randomized
Clinical Trial. JAIDS, 33(2).
Gold, M. , Gafni, A., Nelligan, P. , Millson, P. (1997). Needle Exchange Programs: an economic evaluation of a local experience.
Canadian Medical Association. 157(3).
Grove. (2003). Pros and Cons of NY State Syringe Exchange Model Harm Reduction Training Institute www.hamweduction.org.
Hagan, H., McGough, J.P., Thiede, H., et al., (2000). Reduced injection frequency and increased entry and retention in drug treatment
associated with needle-exchange participation in Seattle drug injectors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, v. 19,
Hagan H. Thiede H. Des Jarlais DC. (2004). Hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users: survival analysis of time to
seroconversion. Epidemiology. 15(5):543-9, Sep.
Human Health Services. (1998). Research Shows Needle Exchange Programs Reduce HIV Infections Without Increasing Drug Use.
Retrieved on April 12th, 2005, from http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/1998pres/980420a.htm]
Hellinger, F. (1993). The lifetime cost of treating a person with HIV. Journal oftheAmeHcanMedicalAssociation;270:474-478.
Laufer, F. (2001). Cost-Effectiveness of Syringe Exchange as an HIV Prevention Strategy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome. 28(3).
Lurie P, Reingold Al., Bowser B, et al. (2003). The Public Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and
Abroad. Prepared for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention September, 1993.
Marx, M., Crape, B., Brookmeyer, R., Junge, B., Latkin, C., Vlahov, D., Strathdee, S. (2000). Trends in Crime and the
Introduction of a Needle Exchange Program. American public Health Association 90(12).
Marx, M. , Beilenson, P. , Alexander, C. Safacian, M. , Vlahov, D. (1999). Attitudes of Adolescents about Illicit Drub Use and Needle
Exchange Programs. Final Program: I& International Conference on the Reduction of Drug-Related Harm, Geneva, Switzerland.
March 21-25.
National Institutes of Health. (1997). The Consensus Development Statement on Interventions to Prevent HIV Risk Behaviors.
Exhibit F- -
Page __L4p_ of -1
Risk Reduction
Pollack, H. , Altice, F. (2002). Newscan; Research News funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse. June, 24, 2002.
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley and the Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San
Francisco. Prepared for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations. The Public
Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and Abroad. Retrieved on March 12th, 2005, from
http://www. caps.ucsf.edu/cat)sweb/publications!
Singer, M. , Hirnmelgreen, D. , Weeks, M. , Radda, K. , Martinez, R. Changing the Environment of AIDS Risk: Findings
on Syringe Exchange and Pharmacy Sale of Syringes in Hartford, CT. Medical anthropology 18(1):107-130.
Stancliff, S. , Agins, B. , Rich, J. , Burris, S. (2003). Syringe Access for the Prevention of Blood borne Infections Among Injection Drug
Users. BMC Public Health, (3)37.
Stark, K , Bienzle, U. , Vonk, R. , Guggenmoos-Holzmann I. (1997). History of Syringe Sharing in Prison and Risk of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis
C and HIV Among Injection Drug Users in Berlin. International Journal of Epidemiology, (26)6
State of Oregon. (2004). Governor's Oregon Principles Budget 2005-2007. Retrieved on April 26, 2005, from
http://eovemor.oregon.gov/Gov/budget0507/p more.shtml.
The Oregon Department of Human Services. (2000). 1999 Oregon Household Treatment Needs Survey, Health Division. Retrieved on April
26, 2005, from:
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ent+Needs+Survey,+Health+Division,+The+Oregon+Department+of+Human+Services,+May,+2000.) &hl=en&ie=UTF-8
Zule, W., Desmond, D. (1999). An Ethnographic Comparison of HIV Risk Behaviors Among Heroin and Methamphetamine
Injectors. American Journal ofDrug andAlcoholAbuse, 25 (1).
Exhibit E
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F
PATH
(Grant)
Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness
PATH Coordinator: Brian Fuller
Position Description: Homeless Outreach
Cell Phone (541)419-1327
E-mail: brian. fullergco.descllutes.or.us (underscore between
brian and fuller)
Brief Description of Duties:
I serve homeless individuals and families, or people who have an immenent
risk of becoming homeless, whom also have a diagnosis, or potential
diagnosis, of a severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI). This service
also includes homeless individuals who have a co-occcuring mental illness
and substance abuse disorder. One of the big parts of this service is just
being there as a contact for the clients. Basically, offering a familiar face to
someone in need of the most crucial elements of survival. So this is a trust
building relationship that forms, since many homeless are very skeptical
about anyone trying to help them. From here the position develops into
providing assistance to the clients in accessing various forms of benefits
such as OHP coverage or food stamps, to SSI or SSDI applications. Other
areas that develop out of this relationship with the homeless clients are
referrals for employment, healthcare, or housing assistance, as well as
referrals to other treatment services within Deschutes County Mental Health.
How this Relates to Community Organizations:
Basically, I am a contact person for any homeless clients that seem to meet
the above description, which you may come into contact with. Rather than
you taking the time out of your busy schedule to do a lot of running around
for a single individual or family, I can be the person that has the direct
contact with them, to try and meet their needs. I try to develop a network of
relationships with community organizations on specifically servicing the
homeless. Although, yourself or your organization may become involved in
the process of helping homeless clients I can be a liason between you and
the client. Please feel free to contact me anytime. I work a 28 hr./wk
schedule, usually M-TR, and am at the Bethlehem Inn T,TR from 4:30-7pm.
Exhibit
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