2008-775-Minutes for Meeting June 02,2008 Recorded 8/1/2008COUNTY OFFICIAL
NANCYUBLANKENSHIP, COUNTY CLERKDS Q 2008'775
COMMISSIONERS' JOURNAL 08IOlIZ008 OS.19.19 AM
111111111 I■1111111111111111 1 ■u
2008-775
Do not remove this page from original document.
Deschutes County Clerk
Certificate Page
If this instrument is being re-recorded, please complete the following
statement, in accordance with ORS 205.244:
Re-recorded to correct [give reason]
previously recorded in Book
or as Fee Number
and Page
-VF
. Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
c 1300 NW Wall St. Bend OR 97701-1960
\ (541) 388-6570 - Fax (541) 385-3202 - www.deschutes.org
MINUTES OF BUSINESS MEETING
DESCHUTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
MONDAY, JUNE 29 2008
Commissioners' Hearing Room - Administration Building - 1300 NW Wall St., Bend
Present were Commissioners Dennis R. Luke, Michael M. Daly and Tammy
Melton. Also present were Dave Kanner, County Administrator; Mark Pilliod,
Steve Griffin and Laurie Craghead, Legal Counsel; Kevin Harrison, Catherine
Morrow and Paul Blikstad, Community Development Department; Hillary Borrud
of the Bulletin; and approximately twenty other citizens.
Chair Luke opened the meeting at 10:00 a.m.
1. Before the Board was Citizen Input.
None was offered.
2. Before the Board was a Public Hearing on a Remand from the Land Use
Board of Appeals (LUBA) regarding Applications for Plan Amendment
and Zone Change on 365 Acres from Exclusive Farm Use to Surface
Mining (Horse Ridge - Applicant: 4-11).
Paul Blikstad read the opening statement and staff report into the record.
In regard to ex parte contacts, etc. Commissioner Melton had none;
Commissioner Daly said he has known the Robinsons for many years as they
were in the same business. Commissioner Luke stated that the Board has had a
work session on this issue and some comments have come in to the Board over
a period of time.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 1 of 15 Pages
Mr. Blikstad said that he received two letters this morning; one from Douglas
DePriest who was the lead attorney for the Walkers. A lot of points were
brought out in the letter. He also received a letter from the BLM discussing
road issues and the sage grouse. This is new information.
He proceeded to go over the assignments of errors from LUBA. There were
twelve but not all were sustained by LUBA, so he discussed only the ones that
have not been resolved.
Assignment #2 addressed the sage grouse. A three page letter from Gary
Hostick, a wildlife specialist, was provided; he is present today. Staff
interpreted that no comments were received on this earlier. They are now
saying that the sage grouse has the potential of being on the endangered species
list and this area is on the fringe of the sage grouse habitat. Staff feels there is
adequate space allowed and the map does not show flight patterns. The map is
not from the comprehensive plan, but is from the BLM.
The second sub-assignment of error regard cattle raising impacts, the impact
from the mining work only affects less than 1% of the area. This is a huge
grazing allotment and the area within 1/2 mile of the mining site is very small.
LUBA and the Hearings Officer felt that this is dry land grazing, as there is no
irrigated land in the area.
Assignment #6 is in regard to Native American use of the area for ceremonies.
One area is the Dry River Canyon, the Walker property and pictographs. He
implies that there are activities on both sides of the highway. Ms. Craghead
said that the record is not clear on whether this is the case. Ms. Blikstad stated
that pages 5 through 8 of Mr. DePriest's letter talk about this but he is not clear
on the areas; the thought is that quiet is needed for these ceremonies.
However, the area is heavily used year-round by ATV's and other motor
vehicles. The other concern is whether it is a conflicting use with Goal 5.
Commissioner Daly asked if the archeological sites are impacted. Mr. Blikstad
said that under Assignment #5, LUBA found there were no impacts. They are
aware of the Native American concerns, however.
Regarding vibration impacts on Coyote Well, Commissioner Luke asked if
there is anything on the record as to whether this well has water in it.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 2 of 15 Pages
The last sub-assignment of error under #6 was the Best shelter. Mr. DuPriest
indicates that this dwelling was not approved by the County but should be
considered an existing use. Mr. Blikstad stated that he tried to find the structure
but could not; Mr. Loveland submitted the photograph. This property is across
Spencer Wells Road from the subject property. The shelter is not on any
historic list with the County.
Assignment of error #8 regards impact on farming activities. Most of the
farming in the areas is dry land grazing of cattle.
Assignment of error #9 was in regard to shallow aquifer issues. The County
interprets that this mining operation should not impact the aquifers. Mr.
DuPriest's comment are opposite of the Kleinfelder report. The National Forest
Service has submitted information in this regard.
The last assignment of error, # 12, was dust impacts to the Walker residence.
Commissioner Luke said that this was addressed in the original hearing and he
thought the mining operations would mitigate this. Mr. Blikstad stated that he
does not know if this was addressed in regard to the blasting part. Kleinfelder
did a month-long study of the winds in the area. Mr. Blikstad is not sure where
Mr. DuPriest got his information.
Chair Luke opened the public hearing at this time.
Bob Lovlien, Bob Walker and Gary Hostick came before the Board. Mr.
Lovlien presented oversized maps and the site plan, which shows significant
setbacks. One shows the location of the site in relation to Spencer Wells Road.
The second map shows the adjacent BLM allotment to the west of the subject
property. The size of the allotment in relation to the size of the project is
shown. There is also a forty-acre piece of property on the west side of the road
that adds another buffer.
Mr. Walker pointed out the property and roads on the map. Gary Hostick, a
professional wildlife biologist for 37 years, said he was hired in 2007 to
investigate wildlife issues in the area. He met with the Oregon Department of
Fish & Wildlife and the Bureau of Land Management, who had concerns about
four different species in the area. He responded in a letter to the LUBA
concerns. A lek is an area for male sage grouse to display, typically early in the
morning and late in the evening. The female sage grouse may fly into this area
to mate, then return to potential nesting sites. The flight path question, showing
arrows, was just drawn in as a schematic; it doesn't mean that the sage grouse
follow that particular path.
minutes of board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 3 of 15 Pages
Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife staff asked him to check for pigmy
rabbit burrows, and owl nest burrows. They have received a copy of his report.
Another issue was the sage grouse being sensitive, but it is hard to be specific
about the parameters. Probably the biggest concern is juniper encroachment on
the sagebrush areas. There is also still a hunting season allowed for sage
grouse, since they are not yet listed as endangered or threatened. They are
considered a species of concern by the BLM. The ODF&W has it on its
sensitive species listing.
The last concern was the sensitive bird and mammal zone, and the County
would need to respond to that. Probably the way the zone was arrived at was
through the BLM.
4-R has indicated a willingness to help with sage grouse in the area, and will
work with ODF&W and local property owners. They will reroute a road on the
40 acres to avoid a lek, and have helped with the water guzzler in the area.
He said that you can never mitigate 100% of the impacts when there is any kind
of development. Some of the noxious weeds brought into the area could be
coming in on recreational vehicles.
Mr. Walker pointed out the Best shelter, which is about 1/4 mile off the road, in a
small draw. It is closer to the highway than it is to Spencer Wells Road.
Scott Wallace of Kleinfelder said that he was asked to look at some of the
issues identified by LUBA. One was the potential impacts of blasting. A
memo was submitted on January 4 addressing this concern. The nearest point
was Coyote Well, about 2,500 feet, would be similar to a semi-truck passing by.
Commissioner Luke asked if studies have been done on similar sites. Mr.
Wallace stated there are a variety of studies considered. The work to be done in
this area should not be a concern.
In regard to the shallow perched aquifer, they look at work that was done in
another area in 2004. There was no evidence of any flow into the mining area.
The basaltic nature of the stone gave no indication of perched water or flow.
Historically there was water in the well but it could hold drainage, and there
could be infiltration from a variety of sources.
On the opposite side of Highway 20 in Coyote Well there is some water
present, but on the other side there is no evidence. The ground water and water
in Coyote Well do not seem to be contiguous.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 4 of 15 Pages
In regard to the implications of dust, beginning in November 2007 a small
weather station was installed to monitor wind direction at the proposed site.
Technical memos were submitted that summarize the wind data. The prevailing
wind would be north/northeast. This was summarized on a quadrant basis. The
data was recorded at five-minute intervals between November and May.
Commissioner Luke asked for information regarding the velocity of the winds.
Mr. Lovlien said that this has been monitored for a while, and today's
information is a continuance of previously submitted information.
Mr. Walker discussed Coyote Well in relation to the Walker residence. It is
about 14-20 feet deep, hand-dug, and is sometimes full of stagnant water. He is
not sure of the quality of water.
The dust can be controlled in this regard. The day of the shoot is the most
critical. They may have to blast several times in a year. Seismographs would
be used to measure, one at the highway and two at other locations. The
proposed mining site in relation to the Walker residence is over a mile away.
He is confident they can keep the dust down.
Sprinklers can be put on the stock piles and the roads can be paved. They won't
impact any more land than needed The BLM sent information on traffic
impacts in the area. The company is willing to install turn lanes or whatever is
deemed necessary for safety arsons.
Mr. Lovlien talked about the religious and archeological issues. They were
particularly careful to make sure there were none on the property.
The company is doing a project near Pilot Butte and as a courtesy discontinues
work if an event is occurring. They would do the same at the mining site.
However, most events taking place would be much farther away.
He presented a map that showed the setbacks, which would be from 200 to 600
feet. Other maps show the distances away from the sensitive structures and
residences. These are the same maps that were submitted at earlier dates.
He asked that the record be left open for fourteen days to allow further
information to be submitted.
Commissioner Melton asked how often the Native American events take place.
There is no information in the record on this.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 5 of 15 Pages
In regard to agricultural impacts, Mr. Lovlien said there is only one 40-acre
grazing allotment that abuts the property, out of 20,000 or more acres. This
impact is very small. Cattle graze all the way up to Highway 20 and there is
heavy truck traffic on that highway.
Testimony was given that the highway is a big concern. The opponents'
information does not match the information from ODOT, however.
Tony Aceti stated that he is neutral on the subject. He has hauled hay into that
area for many years. He is also pro-growth and believes this material may be
processed in the Deschutes Junction area and wonders what areas this material
will service. He feels that mitigation is important as well. There needs to be a
balance between mitigation and fairness. The Nash family should not be
restricted to a 360-acre homesite.
Commissioner Luke pointed out this is a separate land use issue and cannot be
discussed at this time.
Mr. Aceti said there is a fairness issue to be addressed. He said there is a
connection between the mining site and Deschutes Junction. With the volume
of material and traffic increase at Deschutes Junction, it will probably service
all of the County. If this is more than an expanded rural industrial use, so some
of the domino effects need to be fixed.
He received a letter from Paul Blikstad and there is a list of thirty-four Code
numbers to be addressed regarding the use of the Cascade Pumice yard. It
appears that it will be approved administratively. He believes this impact from
the material from the mining should require a look at Deschutes Junction. A
perfect example is Tumalo, where Knife River is located. However, he doesn't
have the money to go through the same process, so has to depend on the County
to make the appropriate zone changes to accommodate those kinds of uses.
Commissioner Luke said the question is where the rock to be processed at
Deschutes Junction comes from, and whether it makes any difference. Mr.
Aceti then discussed the number of truck trips per day, but again pointed out the
impacts on Deschutes Junction.
Commissioner Melton stated that there are two separate issues, the Millican
mining site and Deschutes Junction. She said the Deschutes Junction area will
be addressed in the comprehensive plan update. It might not be quick but it will
be a thorough process.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 6 of 15 Pages
Mr. Aceti suggested an acceleration lane for the truck traffic. Commissioner
Luke stated that ODOT will likely comment on those types of needs.
Janice and Keith Nash came before the Board. Ms. Nash said that she was not
aware it was a limited de novo hearing. She asked that the record be left open
for at least 14 days.
She said she did not address the sage grouse issue in the remand to LUBA.
They relied on BLM and the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife. The letter
issued was a form letter and does not address the issue specifically. She
understands the maps show movement patterns. Another map shows specific
sites where birds are located. There is a limited hunting season. The lek is
significant because that is how activity is monitored. There are other
unidentified leks in the area. She added that BLM needs to comment but won't.
The word "sensitive" is a legal listing.
Regarding Native American testimony, testimony was made before the
Hearings Officer. His testimony was compelling.
Regarding Fort Rock Road, it is unmaintained gravel. ODOT took down the
signs that showed it going to China Hat.
There is a chained entrance to the Best shelter, which is used occasionally.
Coyote Well has been petitioned to be on the historical record. It has not yet
gone onto the Goal 5 record. The Walkers have emptied Coyote Well and it
refills on its own, so it is not necessarily just surface water. There are other
shallow wells in the area.
She does not understand the wind information. The prevailing winds are from
the south and sometimes from the west. ODOT already has a monitor on a
telephone pole. The information was from 2004 and should be updated.
All terrain vehicle users have sued to be able to use the area, and the area is
open throughout the year.
Ms. Nash talked about the agricultural uses in the area. Adjacent private
properties are not fenced and are used as part of their grazing program. So
there is more of an impact to them than stated previously. Other allotment
owners will be impacted as well.
The adjacent land is 66% BLM, the rest is private, and is open range.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 7 of 15 Pages
In December 2006 the Board identified the potential impacts within the V2-mile
impact zone.
At issue is why the County believes that the mining won't impact Evans Wells
Ranch. When the allotment and bird impacts are considered, the BLM can
change the allotment. This is important because there is water on the land that
does not freeze. There will be economic impacts on the land; already BLM
wants them to use the allotment for just one month instead of four months,
regardless of the mining. The alternative is to develop another water source.
The biologist decided that the impact would be worse. Last fall in a different
area there have been problems with dove hunters, which impacted the cattle at
the watering areas.
She does not feel the issues on remand have been addressed, and nothing can
mitigate the impact on agriculture.
Commissioner Melton asked if the setbacks were part of the mitigation. Ms.
Nash said that some of them were.
Commissioner Daly asked if the bird issue is causing them to cut back the use
of the land, and whether this is part of the mining issue. They are already being
cut back because of other uses. Commissioner Luke pointed out that this
appears to be preventive in nature.
Commissioner Luke said that because of the length of the hearing, oral
testimony will need to be brief. He added that he has known the next person to
speak for many years.
Frankie Watson, a property owner, testified that this is an emotional subject for
her. (She read a statement in this regard.) Commissioner Luke asked where
her property is located. She said is it about two miles from the proposed pit.
Paul Dewey had signed up to speak but had to leave the meeting.
Pam Hardy testified on behalf of the Walkers. The proposed mine will have
significant conflicts in the area. What is being asked for is that all of the issues
be addressed squarely instead of being minimized.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 8 of 15 Pages
For example, the sage grouse issue. The Commissioners didn't know what a
sage grouse lek is. These are important to the ecology of the area. She said the
BLM is considering a protection area of four miles for these leks. Also, fencing
is irrelevant since noise, vibration and dust carry anyway. Also, the change in
sage grouse habitat will cause the sage grouse to move to other areas, which
could change how the Nash's use their property. She would like to see more
information on the history of the protection of the sage grouse.
Regarding Native American cultural use, it is the only site that is considered a
sacred site in Deschutes County. She is referring to the pictographs and the dry
canyon. Commissioner Daly asked how far away they are from the site; she did
not know.
In regard to dust impacts from blasting, the difficulty of the percentages is that
it is hard to know when the wind will be blowing in certain directions at a given
time. There are probably no time when the wind is sustained going in one
direction. The information in the record is not adequate.
Commissioner Daly asked if she had ever seen how dynamite is set off. He
does not feel that the issues are as serious as she thinks. She said she would
like to see just what the amount of dust generated would be.
She feels that the County should deny the application as the issues have not
been adequately addressed.
Mr. Lovlien stated that they have been blasting within 200 feet of main gas
lines in some areas with no problems.
Mr. Robinson gave an overview of the blasting process. This would be over a
mile away from the properties and should not be a concern. He said that maybe
15% of the rock will go to the Deschutes Junction facility; most will go directly
to projects.
Mr. Lovlien stated that the distance from the site to the pictographs is about a
mile.
Commissioner Melton asked if the rock is unique and needed. Mr. Robinson
stated it is a good source for the County. Most of the rock now comes from
Crook County. Ms. Craghead said that this is not part of the remand and should
not be discussed at this time; but it is part of the original record.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 9 of 15 Pages
Ms. Craghead said that the file would close in July.
MELTON: Move that two weeks be allowed for submittal of written
testimony, until June 16 at 5:00 p.m., with rebuttal on June 23 by
anyone; no new evidence would be accepted; and the applicant's
final argument would be on June 30.
DALY: Second.
VOTE: MELTON: Yes.
DALY: Yes.
LUKE: Chair votes yes.
Chair Luke closed the oral testimony part of the hearing at this time.
3. Before the Board was Consideration of Whether to Hear an Appeal of the
Hearings Officer's Decision on the Arnett Measure 37 Vested Rights
Application (File #DR-07-15).
Steve Griffin gave a brief overview of the item. Commissioner Melton said a
letter was received this morning from Attorney Ed Fitch, asking for a partial de
novo hearing. It is questionable whether the letter should have come to the
Board at this time.
Mr. Pilliod stated that a public records request was made by Mr. Fitch on all
records having to do with this case. The materials were provided as requested.
The issues detailed by Mr. Fitch are not supported by fact, and there has been
no evidence of staff changing the information as Mr. Fitch alleges.
Commissioner Daly stated that they have been asked to hear this on a partial de
novo basis. Mr. Griffin said that he recommends it not be reviewed by the
Board, but there are always aspects in any decision that can be improved upon.
Commissioner Luke said that DLCD and the Department of Justice have an
interest in this case and could be hard by them in any case. If the Board
declines review, the applicant or any other party can file in Circuit Court, and it
is probable that regardless of the Board's decision it may end up in Circuit
Court. Commissioner Luke stated that the County would be a defendant and
the applicant can make its case to the court.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 10 of 15 Pages
Commissioner Daly said Mr. Fitch would like to have the County hear this on a
partial de novo basis but is not sure how this would help since it will likely end
up at Circuit Court in any event. There would be an additional expense to the
applicant to do this as well.
Mr. Griffin said the staff report, the notice and the record are all that can be
considered but it appears the letter from Mr. Fitch has not influenced the Board
in this situation anyway.
MELTON: Move that the appeal not be heard.
DALY: Second.
VOTE: MELTON: Yes.
DALY: Yes.
LUKE: Chair votes yes.
4. Before the Board was Consideration of Whether to Hear an Appeal of the
Hearings Officer's Decision on the Harry Measure 37 Vested Rights
Application (File #DR-07-12).
MELTON: Move that the appeal not be heard.
DALY: Second.
VOTE: MELTON: Yes.
DALY: Yes.
LUKE: Chair votes yes.
5. Before the Board was a Public Hearing and Consideration of Signature of
Order No. 2008-044, Approving the Thornburgh Resort Annexation into
Deschutes County Rural Fire Protection District #1.
Ms. Craghead said that all entities involved in the annexation have found the
documents acceptable, including the Department of Revenue after the map was
clarified.
Commissioner Melton stated that Nunzie Gould e-mailed her regarding how
fire districts are handled. She is concerned about the decreasing funds for the
Districts while increasing the areas annexed.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 11 of 15 Pages
Ms. Craghead stated that there have to be facts on which to base this type of
decision. Commissioner Luke stated that he has not heard of any budget
concerns for this District. Ms. Craghead said that a letter from the District
could be requested in this regard; also that the annexed area will be paying
taxes towards this coverage. Commissioner Daly observed that the tax revenue
from the resorts should greatly help the District. Commissioner Luke said that
the Districts have their own elected board and are responsible to their
constituents.
Commissioner Luke opened the hearing at this time.
Randy Miller, representing Thornburgh, explained that in regard to the letter,
the requirements of the District have been fulfilled. Ms. Craghead and
Commissioner Luke reviewed the map at this time.
Paul Dewey testified that there are a number of concerns about this application
and broader policy issues. This is not just a petition to annex the applicant's
land. Much of it is owned by the Bureau of Land Management and the
Department of State Lands, and he does not think they have signed.
The other issue is the scale of what is involved. This action would end almost
10% more to the District served. Some of the land is being proposed for an
exchange between agencies and the resort, and this should be analyzed to
determine the potential for the number of homes. The Districts sometimes
contract to the private sector. There is less coverage within the urban growth
boundary as a consequence. An analysis of the impacts should be included.
Commissioner Luke stated that the County is not in the fire protection district
business, and the districts are independently elected board. If they approve an
annexation and feel that they can handle it, the County has no right to state
otherwise.
Mr. Dewey said that the ORS stated that the County has responsibility to
oversee the entire situation, and there needs to be a document showing an
analysis. Commissioner Luke stated that the taxpayers pay for the service, even
if it goes through the city.
Commissioner Melton asked if Mr. Dewey has presented his thoughts to the
Districts; he said he has to District 2. Commissioner Melton said that it is hard
for the County to second-guess what the District says it can provide.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 12 of 15 Pages
In regard to Thornburgh, Mr. Dewey stated that the spacing of access roads is a
concern as well. In the northern part of Thornburgh, the space is not adequate,
especially Barr Road. Also, there are key plan policies not addressed that
encourage urban rather than rural development, in the statewide Goals.
Ms. Craghead stated that the Department of State Lands, the Bureau of Land
Management and others were on the original documents, and that the notations
Mr. Dewey stated she believes apply to formations and not annexations.
Nunzie Gould came before the Board. She stated that the District board can
make decisions without going to its voters. The question is whether the citizens
in the District are willing to increase their tax base.
This District includes the Tumalo Fire Station, District 2, which may be closed
most or all of the time. The southern boundary of Thornburgh is included in
District 2. That puts a burden on District 1. In order to provide services, all of
the Districts need to be in good financial position. This is a broader policy
issue. She submitted a letter she had submitted to the Board in November and
December 2006.
She said that Barr Road is now appearing on the map and it was her
understanding that Barr Road was not to be an access road. She discussed a
Thornburgh document from the conceptual master plan, condition 20 said no
use of Barr Road was to be allowed. She added that Deschutes County has
been too quick to close the public comment period. It is important to maintain
the health, safety and welfare of the community - the existing community -
services should not be diminished. Thornburgh could have elected to have on-
site fire protection but chose not to. She would like to know what response
time is for the Districts, the number of engines and staffing.
Commissioner Luke said that the County is good about keeping the record open
on various issues, and has gone out of the way to allow testimony. Ms. Gould
stated that this information was brought in after the conceptual master plan
stage. She would like more testimony allowed on the record.
Ms. Craghead said that Barr Road is on the map to distinguish a boundary only,
and does not feel this is indicated as an emergency access. Commissioner
Melton would like the District to clarify this, as well as how they are able to
handle funding issues.
MELTON: Move that the hearing be continued to the June 9 Board meeting.
DALY: Second.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 13 of 15 Pages
MELTON: Move to table the motion to allow more testimony.
DALY: Second.
VOTE: MELTON: Yes.
DALY: Yes.
LUKE: Chair votes yes.
MELTON: Move that the hearing be continued to the June 9 Board meeting.
DALY: Second.
VOTE: MELTON: Yes.
DALY: Yes.
LUKE: Chair votes yes.
Mr. Miller said that the map requirements from the County were different from
that of the District. There are other documents on which the District made its
decision. He added that Chief Moore also left their record open for an extended
period of time to be able to accept additional testimony.
6. ADDITION TO THE AGENDA
Before the Board was Consideration of Board Signature of Document No.
2008-244, an Improvement Agreement for Phase 6 of Pronghorn Estates.
Paul Blikstad said the applicant has presented an improvement agreement,
which is a standard agreement to allow the improvements.
Ms. Craghead stated that the agreement would include a clause that Knife River
will be taking out the bond rather than the subdivision.
MELTON: Move approval, subject to legal review.
DALY: Second.
VOTE: MELTON: Yes.
DALY: Yes.
LUKE: Chair votes yes.
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 14 of 15 Pages
Being no further items to come before the Board, Chair Luke adjourned the
meeting at 1:25 p.m.
DATED this 2°d Day of June 2008 for the Deschutes County Board of
Commissioners.
ATTEST:
Recording Secretary
Minutes of Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 15 of 15 Pages
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
1300 NW Wall St., Bend, OR 97701-1960
(541) 388-6570 - Fax (541) 385-3202 - www.deschutes.orsz
BUSINESS MEETING AGENDA
DESC1 UTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
10:00 A.M., MONDAY, JUNE 2, 2008
Commissioners' Hearing Room - Administration Building - 1300 NW Wall St., Bend
1. CITIZEN INPUT
This is the time provided for individuals wishing to address the Board, at the Board's
discretion, regarding issues that are not already on the agenda. Citizens who wish to speak
should sign up prior to the beginning of the meeting on the sign-up cards provided. Please
use the microphone and also state your name and address at the time the Board calls on you
to speak. PLEASE NOTE: Citizen input regarding matters that are or have been the subject
of a public hearing will NOT be included in the record of that hearing.
2. A PUBLIC HEARING on a Remand from the Land Use Board of Appeals
(LUBA) regarding Applications for Plan Amendment and Zone Change on 365
Acres from Exclusive Farm Use to Surface Mining (Horse Ridge - Applicant:
4-R) - Paul Blikstad, Community Development Department
3. CONSIDERATION of Whether to Hear an Appeal of the Hearings Officer's
Decision on the Arnett Measure 37 Vested Rights Application (File #DR-07-
15) - Paul Blikstad, Community Development Department
4. CONSIDERATION of Whether to Hear an Appeal of the Hearings Officer's
Decision on the Harry Measure 37 Vested Rights Application (File #DR-07-12)
- Paul Blikstad, Community Development Department
5. CONSIDERATION of Signature of Order No. 2008-044, Approving the
Thornburgh Resort Annexation into Deschutes County Rural Fire Protection
District #I - Laurie Craghead, Legal Counsel
6. ADDITIONS TO THE AGENDA
Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Agenda Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 1 of 5 Pages
Deschutes County meeting locations are wheelchair accessible.
Deschutes County provides reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities.
For deaf, hearing impaired or speech disabled, dial 7-1-1 to access the state transfer relay service for TTY.
Please call (541) 388-6571 regarding alternative formats or for further information.
FUTURE MEETINGS:
(Please note: Meeting dates and times are subject to change. All meetings take place in the Board of
Commissioners' meeting rooms at 1300 NW Wall St., Bend, unless otherwise indicated. If you have questions
regarding a meeting, please call 388-6572)
Monday, June 2, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
3:30 p.m. Regular Meeting of LPSCC (Local Public Safety Coordinating Council)
5:00 p.m. Joint work session with the City of Bend Council, at the County
Tuesday, June 3 through Friday, June 6
Association of Counties Spring Conference
Monday, June 9, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Wednesday, June 11, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Thursday, June 12, 2008
9:00 a.m. Quarterly Update - Mental Health Department
10:00 a.m. Quarterly Update - Health Department
Monday, June 16, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Agenda Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 2 of 5 Pages
Wednesday, June 18, 2008
10:30 a.m. Oregon Youth Challenge Graduation Ceremony
2:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s) - please note later time
Thursday, June 19, 2008
7:00 a.m. Bend Chamber of Commerce Legislative Policy Council Meeting
10:00 a.m. Quarterly Update - Juvenile Community Justice
Monday, June 23, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting - Includes Budget & Fee Schedule Public Hearings
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Wednesday, June 25, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting - Includes Budget & Fee Schedule Adoption
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Thursday, June 26, 2008
9:00 a.m. Quarterly Update - Fair & Expo Center
11:00 a.m. Quarterly Update - Commission on Children & Families
Monday, June 30, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
5:00 p.m. (Tentative) Joint Meeting with the City of La Pine Council, in La Pine
Wednesday, July 2, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Thursday, July 3, 2008
8:00 a.m. Regular Meeting with the City of Sisters Council, in Sisters
Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Agenda Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 3 of 5 Pages
Friday, July 4, 2008
Most County offices will be closed to observe the July 4`' Holiday
Monday, July 7, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
3:30 p.m. Regular Meeting of LPSCC (Local Public Safety Coordinating Council)
Wednesday, July 9, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Thursday, July 10, 2008
7:00 a.m. Regular Meeting with the City of Redmond Council, in Redmond
12:00 noon Audit Committee Meeting
Wednesday, July 16, 2008
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Monday, July 19, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Wednesday 21, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Monday, July 28, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Agenda Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 4 of 5 Pages
Wednesday, July 30, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Monday, August 4, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
3:30 p.m. Regular Meeting of LPSCC (Local Public Safety Coordinating Council)
Wednesday, August 6, 2008
10:00 a.m. Board of Commissioners' Meeting
1:30 p.m. Administrative Work Session - could include executive session(s)
Deschutes County meeting locations are wheelchair accessible.
Deschutes County provides reasonable accommodations for persons with disabilities.
For deaf, hearing impaired or speech disabled, dial 7-1-1 to access the state transfer relay service for TTY.
Please call (541) 388-6571 regarding alternative formats or for further information.
Board of Commissioners' Business Meeting Agenda Monday, June 2, 2008
Page 5 of 5 Pages
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
1300 NW Wall St., Bend, OR 97701-1960
(541) 388-6570 - Fax (541) 385-3202 - www.deschutes.oriz
ADDITION TO AGENDA
DESCHUTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
MONDAY, JUNE 29 2008
Commissioners' Hearing Room - Administration Building - 1300 NW Wall St., Bend
CONSIDERATION of Board Signature of an Improvement Agreement for
Phase 6 of Pronghorn Estates - Paul Blikstad, Community Development
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name: aq_kv~ Q Q_U~
Mailing Address:
Phone
E-mail Addr ss:
Date:
Subject:
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name: gain mow,.-Y
Mailing Address:
Phone ~,I_tyg3
E-mail Address:
Date:' oxo/0 s
Subject: ?b~er,~ 1v.rr~l~
a
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
r
ltv
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name:
Mailing Add
S ` { mo d ~ U ~ VYd; l t1 ° l?,,, Ste;i (c~cl~ G `1' S Z
Phone -7 1~ < -qty ~
E-mail Address: 7 < C;-
Date:
Subject. V,
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
.Name:-~ C-C
Mailing Address:
Phone 1- / e- / 7
E-mail Address:
Date: ;Z
Subject:.-, L~jf$
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name: Car+.Ergl Uc6yn-z
- '~)AU1 CWCY - La-•dWv+cL,
Mailing Address: ,5,,,
Nw v,~~S,~~r
S
Phone
E-mail Address: ~d~wf7 e lo~nd~~t~t6 ~o~
Date: _ /_2 C)
Subject: 4-
N4, A
.
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name:
Mailing Add ess: 2~z 7 5-
Phone c)gs4K
E-mail Address:
Date: 6 - 72/ x'
Subject: ,~6k,
A-< 1-
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County, staff person.
Name h rv lit at AlAill
Mailing Address:
Phone 7 X5 7 -1
E-mail Address:
Date: z'
Subject:
~l'l
r
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
-Name: ~ s
Mailing Address:
Phone 5y/ - 3 - V& it
E-mail Address:
Date: 6, _ Z_ - 0
Subject: As.,(
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name: t-ov (
IF k)
Mailing Address: Fo L3ox g ,~,o
Phone
E-mail Address:
Date:
Subject: A
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name: 5+,4
{
Mailing Address: (10 n
5 3 r-- -C, v if, , C)
Phone 5 ~l - 3 3 D 1 -7-7-7
E-mail Address:
Date: / 0
Subject: tj t ki
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it i to a County staff person.
Name:
~1a
Mailing Address:
161q 1J 1,~ !-rtstao ~NdC, ~1 e.,,~ d , 6iZ Q'l`I0
Phone (sg,) ssa-7q 69
E-mail Address:
Date: Zoos
Subject:?d-og4-$ (z.c, -c)~q•u qz cau►l,14
P
IF YOU WISH TO TESTIFY
Please complete this card & turn
it in to a County staff person.
Name:Y'cAw~~e-5~,NA L)Jqr.
Mailing Address: jqg yS
-2 o
Phone Sci l q i-O -t t-Zb
E-mail Address:
Date: 'J o '
Subject: K,~L;ca~~0.1~e ~G~ ~?~k
r
Introduction
This is a hearing on a Remand Order from the Land Use Board of Appeals regarding the
Plan Amendment and Zone Change applications (PA-04-8, ZC-04-6) submitted by 4-R
Equipment.
The applicant has requested approval of a plan amendment to add the subject property
to the County's Goal 5 surface mining inventory of mineral and aggregate resources,
and a zone change to rezone the property from Exclusive Farm Use - Horse Ridge
subzone, to Surface Mining. These applications were previously considered and
approved by the County Commission by the written decision dated December 27, 2006.
The County's decision was appealed to the Land Use Board of Appeals. LUBA issued
a final decision and order dated October 3, 2007, remanding the County's decision back
to the County. The applicant has by letter dated April 17, 2008 requested that the
County commence the remand hearing process. This hearing is being conducted in
accordance with the procedures established under Title 22 of the Deschutes County
Code, and is being heard de novo before the Board but limited to the issues that LUBA
found as assignments of error in their final opinion and order.
Burden of proof and Applicable criteria
The applicant has the burden of proving that they are entitled to the land use approval
sought. The standards applicable to the applications are listed on the sheet located at
the table next to the entrance to this hearing room.
Failure on the part of any person to raise an issue, with sufficient specificity to afford the
Board of County Commissioners and parties to this proceeding an opportunity to
respond to the issue precludes, appeal to the Land Use Board of Appeals on that issue.
Additionally, failure of the applicant to raise constitutional or other issues relating to the
proposed conditions of approval with sufficient specificity to allow the Board to respond
to the issue precludes an action for damages in circuit court.
Hearings Procedure
The procedures applicable to this hearing provide that the Board of County
Commissioners will hear testimony, receive evidence and consider the testimony,
evidence and information submitted into the record, and will be the basis for their
decision. The record as developed to this point is available for public review at this
hearing.
Order of Presentation
The hearing will be conducted in the following order. The staff will give a staff report of
the prior proceedings and the issues raised by LUBA. The applicant will then have an
opportunity to make a presentation and offer testimony and evidence. Proponents of the
appeal will then be given a chance to testify. When all other proponents have testified,
opponents will then be given a chance to testify and present evidence. After both
proponents and opponents have testified, the applicant will be allowed to present
rebuttal testimony, but may not present new evidence. At the Board's discretion, if the
applicant presented new evidence on rebuttal, opponents may be recognized for a
rebuttal presentation. At the conclusion of this hearing, the staff will be afforded an
opportunity to make any closing comments. The Board may limit the time period for
presentations.
Cross-examination of witnesses will not be allowed. A witness who wishes, during that
witness' testimony, however, to ask a question of a previous witness may direct the
question to the Chair. If a person has already testified but wishes to ask a question of a
a subsequent witness, that person may also direct the question to the Chair after all
other witnesses have testified, but prior to the proponent's rebuttal. The Chair is free to
decide whether or not to ask such questions of the witness.
Continuances: The grant of a continuance or record extension shall be at the discretion
of the Board.
If the Board grants a continuance, it shall continue the public hearing to a date certain at
least seven days from the date of this hearing or leave the written record open for at
least seven days for additional written evidence.
If, at the conclusion of the hearing, the Board leaves the record open for additional
written evidence or testimony, the the Board shall establish the time period for submittal
of new written evidence or testimony and for additional for response to the evidence
received while the record was held open. .
If the hearing is continued or the record left open, the applicant shall also be allowed
time after the record is closed to all other parties to submit final written arguments but no
new evidence in support of the application.
Pre-hearing Contacts, Biases, Conflicts of Interests
Do any of the Commissioners have any ex-parte contacts, prior hearing observations,
biases, or conflicts of interest to declare? If so, please state the nature and extent of
those.
Does any party wish to challenge any Commissioner based on ex-parte contacts, biases
or conflicts of interest?
(Hearing no challenges, I shall proceed.)
B RYANT
EMERSON
& FITCH, LLP
Attorneys at Law
June 2, 2008
HAND DELIVERED AND VIA E-MAIL
TO: BOARDkCO.DESCHUTES.OR.US
Dennis Luke, Mike Daly and Tammy Melton
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
1300 NW Wall Street
Bend, OR 97701
Re: John Arnett and Laura and Marie Harry Appeals
Dear Commissioners:
Ronald L. Bryant *
Craig P. Emerson
Edward P. Fitch
Steven D. Bryant
Michael R. McLane
Michael W. Flinn
Lisa D.T. Klemp
Alison M. Trimble
Tony F. De Alicante *
"Also admitted in Washington
This morning you have before you an appeal by John Arnett as well as Laura and Marie Harry. These
appeals are from vesting determinations made by a Deschutes County Hearings Officer. While there was
significant legal error by the Hearings Officer in those decisions, there was also improper ex parte
contact with the hearings officer from the Deschutes County Planning Department. We have been
advised that the hearings officer initially had a different analysis, drafted a decision with that analysis
and was requested by the Planning Department to change her decision to conform with another hearings
officer. We now understand the County Planning Department as well as the Legal Counsel's Office is
going to recommend that the Board not hear the appeals.
From our perspective a declination to hear this appeal would be a serious injustice to the interest of these
Deschutes County citizens in getting a fair and objective tribunal at the County level. We ask that you
hear this on a partial de novo basis so that these issues can be adequately addressed at the County level.
Mr. Arnett as well as Laura and Marie Harry paid considerable monies to have this heard by the County
rather than going directly to the Circuit Court. They are relying on the County's integrity in having a
fair and objective process.
I apologize that I will not be able to attend today's hearing. As you may know, I recently had surgery
and I am not yet back at the capacity I need to be in order to attend.
Thank you.
Very truly yours,
Edward P. Fitch
EPF/mcm
cc: Mark Pilliod (via e-mail mark 12illiod@deschutes.or.us)
GAC1ients\EPF\Amett, John\Amett,John\Board of Commissioners.wpd(mcm)
888 S.W. Evergreen Ave. P.O. Box 457 Redmond, OR 97756-0103
/RAIN KAQ_91rI W.- MAIN KA Q_1 QOK 0.»..,:111-Arn-..,..1«.__A 1.....-.,,..,,..,,....
- emergency response times lag in Bend
N/ao/os
Adding staff is
the best solution,
fire chief says,
but tight budget
has frozen hiring
By Anne Aurand
The Bulletin
For weeks following Christ.
mas, Mary Rails spent her nights
awake coughing. She had been
suffering from a bout of bronchi-
tis.
A trip to her doctor did no
good, Rails said.
So, on the afternoon of Tues-
day, Jan. 14, she went to the Bend
Memorial Clinic's urgent care
center.
Two hours later, she walked
out with some strong, prescrip-
tion cough medicine, and swal-
lowed two doses during the day,
as advised.
Sometime after 7 pm. she was
standing in the kitchen of her
home in Awbrey Glen when
everything went black.
'All of a sudden 1 couldnl see,"
the &5-year-old woman said. 'I
was blind.'
And dizzy. And unable to
walk
At first she wondered if she
was having her second stroke, or
maybe a heart attack.
'it scared the heck out of me,"
she said. 'I was frantic. I didn't
know what was happening. I
wondered if this could be the
end."
Knowing by habit where the
portable phone was in the
kitchen, she picked it up and
called 911.
ft was 7:18 pm.
It was an urgent, teffifying mo-
ment for Rails, and she wanted to
know what was happening. But
the Bend Fire Department's clos-
est paramedics were tied up with
a car accident, and it would be
about 15 minutes before Rails got
help from other paramedics from
across town.
/ Fifteen minutes is twice the de-
partment's average response
North station trews
A fire station in Tumalo Is not shown
ISSW41
191
W me
map. rews and egtripment
to
accident at Summit
r,,wr ace. Iron Tu to were W AW in
Avenue and Glass-
trainin at the North station.
ow Drive on Aw-
bray Bufe. Anoth-
er, extra crew from
the North station
East station crews
was
at
were available, but
p
the hospital ital after
Mary s o
the station is frther
transporting a pa-
away from the loca
tient there when it
tion of the call.
was assigned to
a
Mary Rails' call.
eat scene Ml t.c
l
a
Mae rid.
A"
e`F
,ems
I
Sfafloa
Tud
AW
An. -
1
West station crows
were handling a
one-car rollover ac-
cident at Summit
Drive and Glassow
Drive on Awbrey
Butte.
Mp
i B
E
N
D s
fad. ad.
South station crews
were located at the
Kraft ad North station for
training at time of
Mary Ralls' call.
\lp~
time, three times longer than the
average of 10 other cities in Ore-
gon, and much longer than city
officials want the department to
take to respond to medical and
After said, 'You
don't call 911 unless it's an emer-
gency"
Rails' husband had died about
a year before and she was akin
that evening.
She called a neighbor after she
called 911.
Her neighbor stayed as she
laid on her bed, as she vomited,
as she waited.
See 9111A10
While waiting for
their next call, Bend
Fire Department
paramedics Sean
McMuny, left, and
Kris Clark, right,
review information
after transporting a
patient to St. Charles
Medical Center. As
soon as paramedics
and firefighter; finish
a call they let 911
dispatchers know
they are available.
May Uft I The ewa..
D=ment Reproduces Poorly
(Archived)
Bend Rae Doe a Puimedk K& Clark
uardKS to locate medication fa pttiem.
Tlmellne
Mary Rails, 85, feels dicey and
is unable to walk She calls 911.
Deschutes Countyto911 dispatch-
es an ambulance her home.
An ambulance is on the way.
Average response tine for 10
other Oregon cities is Just under
five minutes after dispatch.
Average response time for Bend
Is Just under seven minutes at-
ter dispatch.
Ambulance arrives at Mary
Ralls' home. Paramedics begin
treatment.
Mary Rails arrives at the hospi-
tal. She is fine.
Grp CrO
.5FPC Ex • O
A10 'Sunday, April 20,200I
911
)erator searched for
available recue units
to send to emergency
Continued from Al
Normally, a crew from the
west Bend fire station responds
to calls from the Awbrey Glen
neighborhood. But the west sta-
tion crew was busy at Summit
Drive and Glassow Drive on Aw-
brey Butte, where a van had over-
turned on icy roads about 7 p.m.
A rescue truck from the north
fine station - the second closest
to Ralls' house - was at the
wreck, too, since the driver was
pinned inside his car, unrespon-
sive, and suffering injuries to his
head, according to 911 dispatch
data.
The 911 dispatchers assess pa-
tients' conditions and decide how
critical a given situation is. In
Rails' case, records show that the
patient was "near fainting" and
so the response level was deemed
a "charlie," the second highest
'avel of urgency. The dispatchers
i also instantly tell where all
-we paramedics and firefighters
are and what they are doing.
It just so happened that no one
was on vacation at that time, so
the department had an extra
crew of paramedics on duty,
based at Bend's north station.
At 7:20 p.m. dispatchers sent
the extra crew, Steve vossler and
Dallas LeeSoon, who were re-
loading a gurney into an ambu-
lance at the hospital after trans-
porting a woman there from
southeast Bend.
At 7:23 p.m., Vossler and
LeeSoon flipped on the lights and
sirens and were en route across
town, across some patches of
black ice, at a safe speed.
They arrived at 7:35 p.m.
TIME IS EVERYTHING
In 15 minutes, fires can turn
catastrophic. Cardiac arrests can
turn fatal.
Bend's fire chief has reported
that more than 20 percent of the
department's calls take more
than 12 minutes to respond to,
and that, he says, is "unaccept-
I)le."
National statistics show that
the sooner a cardiac arrest pa-
tient gets defibrillation - electric
current treatment to stabilize the
heart - the higher his or her
chance of survival.
Dena s average response nine,
6:50 to 6.55, is slower than the av-
erage of 10 other Oregon cities.
They average just under 5 min-
utes. Those 10 cities are the ones
most comparable to Bend in size,
geography, and population.
The discrepancy may be in
part because Bend has two fewer
firefighters per 1,000 population
than those cities. It may also be
because the Bend department
I/ covers 250 square miles for fire
and 1,600 square miles for ambu-
lance ells.
Oregon law requires ambu-
lance coverage everywhere, so
the fact that there aren't fire sta-
tions spread all over the High
Desert requires the Bend depart-
ment to stretch its boundaries.
Between 1997 and 1999, aver-
age response times for the Bend
Fire Department crept up from
8.3 to 9.4 minutes. Fire officials
realized they had to do some-
rFire Chief Larry Langston said
in 2000 the department relocated
a station from downtown to
Simpson Avenue.
It added a fifth station, the
north station on Jamison Road.
The five stations were strategical-
ly located to provide 5-minute re-
sponse times if enough staff were
available.
In 2000, the department
stopped responding to unneces-
sary calls, such as non-injury ve-
hicle accidents, Langston said.
The department also estab-
lished an extra staffed ambulance
in 2001 during peak daytime
hours. The "peak demand unit"
was to rush to medical calls,
which constitute about 85 percent
of the department's calls, so all
stations could remain staffed and
ready to respond
Overall alarms increased 5 per-
cent over a year ago, Langston
said. And officials are gloomy
about the future as growth puts
more demands on the system.
"Our response times will prob-
ably slip," he said.
The most effective way to im-
prove response times is to add
paramedics, according to
Langston. The department al-
ready has enough ambulances
and fire trucks, but often, not
enough people to operate the ma-
chines when multiple calls come
in.
Each additional, staffed ambu-
lance can reduce average re-
sponse times by 30 seconds,
Langston said. Staffing an addi-
tional . unit with four people,
which would provide extra cover-
age. seven days a week, 10 hours
a day, would cost approximately
$250,000 a year.
I A worthy goat is to reduce the
6:50 response time to 5:20, for a
cost of $750,000 a year, Langston
said
Because of tlie.dVs estimated
$9.3 million budget shortfall next
year, that's not likely.
City Manager David Hales just
put a hiring freeze on city staff,
except in 'compelling cases" irr
which a new hire was. necessary
"to maintain adequate levels of
health and safety protection," or
"to avoid significant disruption
to current levels of service."
City councilors have said they
want to keep fine and police ser-
vices at least at the level where
they are now.
Langston's budget analysis
showed that to merely maintain
the current response times as de-
mands increase would require
additional staffing over the
course of five years, for which
- there is not enough funding ex-
pected from property taxes.
Councilors know they are fac-
ing tough choices. .
They say they have to look at
and adjust all city services. Some
are considering additional fees
and possibly new taxes. Some
want to see all departments strive
to be more efficient. Others want
to find ways for profitable depart-
ments to help departments that
are in need, such as public safety.
But these all might be longer-
term solutions that the budget
committee might not solve in
time for preparing next year's
budget, a process that begins
next month.
"We are not adding staff in this
(upcoming fiscal year) budget, so
we'll have a degradation of ser-
vice to some extent," Fire Chief
Langston said. 'What that
equates to is hard to quantify, but
at some point in this next year it
will show up that it'll take us
longer to get somewhere because
everyone is tied up."
HELP AT LAST
Ralls, a 30-year Bend resident,
said she understands the fine de-
partment's dilemma and blames
no one for her 15-minute wait.
When paramedics Vossler and
LeeSoon arrived at her house at
7:35 p.m., they found Ralls rest-
ing on her bed. They apologized
for the wait.
"I was so happy to see them,"
she said. " the minute they came
in, I was relieved It takes the fear
out and I relaxed a bit. They were
thorough and they were great."
In Rails' case, the wait was un.
pleasant but not life-threatening.
Vossler and LeeSoon took her
blood pressure, connected her to
a heart monitor and started an IV.
"I felt like I was in the emer-
gency room," Rails said.
Ralls said they suggested that
the cough medicine may have
caused her dizziness and fainting
spell, which made her vision blur.
And, the rhythm of her heart
beat, which was too fast, con-
cerned Vossler, he said. The hos-
pital had medication that can re-
store a heart's normal rhythm, he
said.
So, they set her on. a gurney
and transported her to St.
Charles Medical Center. They
passed her over to doctors at the
hospital at 8:20 p.m., when she
underwent an electrocardiogram
to observe her heart.
Doctors gave Ralls, who was
once a nurse, an antibiotic for her
bronchitis - something she had
felt she needed weeks earlier. She
thinks taking an antibiotic sooner
could have prevented the whole
incident.
Exactly three months later,
Rails feels better, but still coughs
to clear her chest occasionally.
She said as she gets older, it's
scary to be alone sometimes. In
the fall, she's moving to Touch-
mark, a retirement community
next to Mount Bachelor Village,
so there's always someone
around.
When you're alone, she said,
"911 is your best friend."
Anne Aurand can be reached
at 541-383-0323 or
aaurand@bendbulletinoom.
Redmond Fire & Rescue
City of Redmond
341 NW Dogwood Ave
Redmond, OR 97756
541-504-5000
Fax: 541-548-5512
www.redmondfireandrescue.org
o Chapter 5, Section 503.1 Appendix D 107 One or Two Family Residential Developments: Where
the number of dwelling units exceeds 30 shall be provided with separate and approved fire
apparatus access roads and shall meet the requirements of D104.3
o D104.3 Remoteness: Where two access roads are required, they shall be placed a distance
/ apart equal to not less than one half of the length of the maximum overall diagonal
dimension of the property or area to be served, measured in a straight line between
accesses.
o Chapter 5, Section 505.1 Address Numbers: Buildings shall have approved address numbers
plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property.
o Chapter 5, Section 504.1 Required Access: Exterior doors and openings shall be made readily
accessible for emergency access by the fire department. An approved access walkway leading
from fire apparatus access roads to exterior openings shall be provided when required by the fire
code official.
o Note: The street names shall follow the City of Redmond street grid names and numbers.
Last updated 10/11/2006
Printed from www.redmondfireandrescue.org
V.
(~Iuv 6 (1, (O-s~ -
Z,OC-C, ~tf b
December 7, 2oo6
Deschutes County Commissioners
Dennis Luke
Bev Clarno
Mike Daly
Deschutes County
Mike Shirtcliff
Keith Cyrus
Brenda Pace
Todd Turner
Kelly L. Smith
Susan S. Quatre
Robert A. Otteni
4 pages with 9 attachments
Planning Commissioners
Regarding Code Amendment to Deschutes County Destination Resort Code
Public Hearing 12/4/o6
I want to apologize for misstatements made during my testimnony on
12/4/o6 regarding the Deschutes County Sheriffs Bond Levy failing. This
was not accurate.
What failed on the November 7, 20o6 Deschutes County Ballot was the
Rural Fire Protection Bond.
As you know the rural fire protection boundary was extended to include the
Thornburgh Destination Resort. Thornburgh in it's CMP application to
Deschutes County elected not to provide onsite fire protection for the
development but rather to rely on Rural Fire Protection. Eagle Crest Resort
also relies on Rural Fire Protection. So the failure of the Rural Fire
Protection bond is a testiment to existing tax paying residents voting to not
spend more on rural fire protection.
Question: Had the rural fire protection boundary not been extended to
include the Thornburgh Resort, what amount of money would have been
needed for the Rural Fire Protection bond? Would the smaller amount of
bond funds needed have been passed by voters? If the 2.5 : 1 ratio is
adopted, what additional monies will be needed by the rural protection
districts to accommodate the existing lands zoned Destination Resort?
Eagle Crest and Thornburgh resorts are adjacent to federal BLM lands. The
BLM is currently planning for the Cline Buttes Recreation Area. Both Eagle
Crest and Thornburgh are contributing fixed sums to BLM as mitigation of
their resorts. One of the areas of concern for BLM is Wildfire Urban
Interface (WUI) see attached map which shows 3 rings around private
inholdings which denote flame height adjacent to private property. As you
can see there are many inholdings at Cline Buttes. And if you cross
reference these inholdings to the Deschutes County DR zone map, you will
see that most of the inholdings at Cline Buttes are zoned Destination Resort.
A priority of public policy is to protect adjacent private property such as
homes in destination resorts. Additionally, BLM is being requested by
resort home owners to not place noise related recreation (such as ATV,
OHV, jeeps) close to the home sites.
Question: If the 2.5 : 1 ratio is implemented, what additional hardship
(from WUI and recreational planning and enforcement standpoints) will the
public incurr to implement public land managment? Since BLM's MOU's are
fixed sums, how will BLM collect for the added impacts of the proposed 25%
more home density?
Question: How much additional traffic will be generated at Sunriver
Resort and Caldera Springs at the Sunriver Interchange? The COACT
Meeting Minutes 11/10/05 identify that the Sunriver Interchange bids
"dramatically exceed the construction estimate": Who is funding this
project? Commissioner Luke referenced on 12/4/o6 that the County has a
lot of money in the Sunriver Interchange. Of these County funds in the
Sunriver Interchange how much was collected from destination resort land
use fees imposed by Deschutes County? What if any fees were collected by
ODOT from destination resorts toward the intersection? Since the project is
over budget, what ability is there for more monies to be assessed for the
project due to increased trips (assuming density is increased to 2.5 : 1 ) now
by Deschutes County and/or by ODOT?
The Central Oregon Workforce Housing Needs Assessment July 2oo6
attached in Executive Summary format with Press Release attached
identifies that Deschutes County's Affordable Price is $167,000.oo and
Deschutes County's Median Price is $425,ooo.oo. This is a staggering
254% above the Affordable Median Income. The report further identifies
that of the 9500 units needed by 2008, 8562 units are needed in
Deschutes County. Destination Resorts have argued that affordable
housing is available in "the community" and therefore the resorts are not
required to provide affordable housing onsite.
Question: What FTE (Full Time Equivalent) Jobs will be created by the 2.5
: 1 ratio as compared to the 2.0 : 1 ratio? How many existing FTE jobs
require affordable housing? How many units of affordable housing is
currently built at each resort?
Question: Is there affordable housing in Deschutes County for the existing
Destination Resorts? ' What additional housing needs will the 2,5 : 1 ratio
incur over the 2.0 : 1 ratio? How many units of affordable housing is
currently built at each resort?
The Bulletin 12/6/06 identifies that Deschutes County's road supplements
from the Federal timber payment is ending. Commissioner Luke says "We
are not in as bad shape as counties like Jackson and Douglas..."
Question: Where is the shortfall of monies for County roads planned to
come from? What mechanism does Deschutes County have to collect
transportation SDC? Why increase density without such a funding
mechanism being in place aforehand?
Part of the timber receipts Deschutes County has been receiving are paid to
Cities such as to Bend and Redmond. The Tetherow Destination Resort is
just adjacent to Reed Market Road, a major river crossing and East-West
route for the City of Bend. See the proximity map 9/14/06 The Bulletin
"New Bend resort gets new name, a partner". Tetherow is closer to Bend
than Winchester/Remington is to Redmond.
Question: In light of City SDC boundaries (such as for Bend and
Redmond), what recourse do Cities in Deschutes County have for increases
in both proliferation of and density in adjacent Destination Resorts which
add traffic onto city streets? Where will Cities gerarate the monies lost from
federal timber revenues? What Deschutes County mechanisms are in place
now to assist our cities' transportation infrastructre for the density increase
proposed by the 2.5:1 ratio increase?
Finally, living wages. The Bulletin 9/20/06 identifies "Oregon study tries to
define `living wage' " which I attach.
Question: Do destination resorts pay a living wage? Kindly provide a
schedule showing existing jobs by resort identifying job description, # of
jobs per job description, renumeration, hours/week/person.
More than 9 miles of Cline Falls Highway is being worked on by Deschutes
County, see attached 2 pages of photos taken 12/6/06. (Widening, boulder
removal, shoulder installation are occuring now and overlayment is
scheduled for 2007)
Question: Since Eagle Crest Resort currently has 3 accesses directly onto
Cline Falls Highway and Thornburgh Resort has proposed 2 accesses
directly onto Cline Falls Highway, what measures has Deschutes County
taken to collect monies for the improvements being made this year? Who is
footing this construction bill?
I look foward to learning of your answers to my questions?
Nunzie Gould, your tax paying County resident
541-420-3325
19845 JW Brown Rd
Bend, OR 97701
~ k
7
+ c
December 4, 2006
Deschutes County Commissioners
Dennis Luke
Bev Clarno
Mike Daly
Testimony on Public Hearing on Destination Resort Code Amendment
I write in reference to the proposed destination resort code amendment.
I believe it would be premature to change the destination resort code without
studying the impacts that this language will have.
Very important topics were discussed during the Planning Commission's
remapping of the DR zone which took place from October 2005-February
2006. Public discussion of this sort should be included in this record:
Impact that destination resorts have on the location of affordable housing,
on the poor condition of County roads, on the huge request for Water
useage, on Sheriff services and fire protection from Wildfire Urban
Interface, on Resort Accountability, Deschutes County enforcement and on
the demands placed on Community Development Department Staff.
These are issues that I encourage you to discuss during the course of your
taking testimony this evening
1. Regarding the housing ratio increase from 2.0 to 2.5:1
Transportation How many more trips will permanent housing place on our
already failing road systems?
In many resort cases such as Eagle Crest, there has been a fixed top limit
mechanism for contributing toward infrastructre needs. How will Deschutes
County and/or ODOT be compensated for this proposed increase in traffic on
our infrastructure? Why is there no transportation SDC now in the County?
The huge cloverleaf at Sunriver is over budget and has taken longer to build
than anticipated. What monetary participation will destination resorts make
toward this infrastructure if you grant their sweeping density request?
Water How much more domestic water and irrigation water will a permanent
home use than an overnight unit?
What mitigation will be required to offset the added use of water?
Deschutes County is concerned about it's water quality and it's use of water.
The Oregon Insider's article "Central Oregon Water" (by DRC attached)
0
4
p
g
rn
v~
4
P~
Z®
3
~k L~
• ~~0
®~p~
~O~® .
amp
n~
~
~
a
~ ~ I~~j
~ V ~~1
iii ~,~.r
/J 1
~ ~ /
N~
! ~_i ~
1 ~
_t
sine Gam tee,
ESEE FINDINGS AND DECISION ~Fie ~ r .
SAGE GROUSE SITE A4 <tkax vK ! rt ' S
DE 0999-01 - Millican Pit
1. Inventory. 1:75,
r'~~~9 h
h
~2
The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) has
identified a Sage Grouse lek in Township 19S, Range 14E,
Section 26 SESE (map number 19-14-00-2200). The ODFW
identifier for the site is DE 0997-01. The site is also
known as Millican Pit. The sensitive habitat area includes
the area within a 1/4 mile radius of the lek site. The
quarter mile sensitive habitat area is necessary to buffer
the lek site and protect the habitat used by the birds for
day roosting and cover during the mating season. The habitat
site and sensitive habitat area are designated on a map
attached as Exhibit "A".
Sage grouse inhabit the sagebrush-grass areas in the eastern
portion of the county. The population of sage grouse has
shown considerable fluctuation over the years. The Bureau of
Land Management estimates that the current population of
adult birds in Deschutes County is 275. The Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife in a 1992 report estimated
the population as 775. Areas of particular concern for the
sage grouse are the strutting grounds, known as leks.
Strutting grounds are flat areas with vegetation less than
six inches high on which the males exhibit a breeding display
called strutting to attract the females.
2. Site Characteristics.
The lek site is used by the sage grouse for strutting display
and mating grouse from February 1 through April 30 with the
peak of activity in March and April. The lek is located on a
state owned parcel that is zoned for surface mining (SM, Site
#498). The area around the surface mine site is zoned
Exclusive Farm Use (EFU) and Surface Mining Impact Area
(SMIA) and Landscape Management Combining zone (LM). The
minimum lot size for the area is 320 acres. There are
portions of two Bureau of Land Management tax lots within the
sensitive habitat area. South of the lek site there is an
unrecorded subdivision with about 60 mostly 10 acre lots.
This area is zoned EFU and Flood Plain (FP). Portions of two
of these 10 acre tax lots are within the quarter mile
sensitive habitat area.
3. Conflicts Identification.
Potentially Conflicting Uses With Habitat Site
Zone Permitted Use Conditional Use
EFU -Farm use -Single family
ESEE Findings and Decision - DE 0999-01
Page 1
-Forest use
-Exploration for
minerals
-Some road construction
dwelling
-Residential homes
-Private park,
campground
-Personal use airstrip
-Home occupation
-Process forest
products
-Solid waste disposal
site
-Storage, crushing,
processing of
aggregate
-Church or school
-Certain road projects
-Bed and breakfast
Zone Permitted Use Conditional Use
FP -Farm use (no structure) -Road or bridge
-Forest management -Single family dwelling
-Open space -Agricultural accessory
buildings
-Recreation Uses
Zone Subject to Site Plan Conditional Uses
SM -Extraction of minerals
-Storage of minerals
-Screening, washing
-Structures necessary for
extraction, storage
-Geothermal exploration
-Crushing
-Batching asphalt
concrete
Sage grouse depend on large areas of undeveloped rangeland
habitat. Conflicts with sage grouse habitat are reduced
by the limitations on uses in the exclusive farm use zone,
by the 320 acre minimum lot size, and by the predominance
of Bureau of Land Management land throughout their range.
However, because of their sensitivity and importance, the
sage grouse leks or strutting grounds need additional
protection.
Uses conflicting with the leks are any activity or
development which would interfere with the lek during the
breeding season, disturb or occupy the ground in the lek
area which could displace the birds, or destroy the
vegetation within the sensitive habitat area the birds use
for roosting and cover. These activities could include
road construction, surface mining, or any construction
activity, structural development and associated use of
structures within 1320 feet of the lek.
The primary conflict at this site is potential surface
mining or mineral processing on the site zoned for surface
ESEE Findings and Decision - DE 0999-01
Page 2
mining.
Because the lek and sensitive habitat area are remote, it
is unlikely that a church or school would be sited within
the sensitive habitat area.
Residential development on two lots within the sensitive
habitat area is a possible conflict. Although the 60 lot
subdivision is mostly outside of the sensitive habitat
development of these 5 acre lots would alter the
vegetation used as cover and roosting habitat and
introduce conflict with noise, traffic and dogs.
Agriculture is a permitted use in the exclusive farm use
zone. Grazing is the principal agricultural use in the
sensitive habitat area. Grazing during the mating season
can disrupt the breeding cycle. The Bureau of Land
Management works with the grazing permitees to minimize
the grazing conflicts with the sage grouse leks during the
breeding season.
Another potential conflicting use is recreational off-road
vehicle use because it fragments habitat and can disrupt
the birds during the breeding season. However, ODFW
reports that, at this time, there is not a problem with
off-road vehicle use at this site. The Bureau of Land
Management has a seasonal off-road vehicle closure from
March 15 through September 1 south of Highway 20.
A private park or campground would be a conflicting use
because it would attract people and vehicles and alter the
landscape.
4. Economic Social Environmental and Energy
Consequences Analysis.
(A) Economic Consequences
Surface mining costs could increase if the surface
mining activities are restricted during the season the
lek is in use. The amount of material available form
the site might be reduced if the extraction of minerals
would alter the characteristics of the site.
Restricting structural development on the EFU zoned land
within one quarter mile of the lek would have a
negligible economic effect because most of the land is
BLM and structural development is not anticipated in the
BLM management plans for the area.
The economic consequences to the owners of the two
private tax lots (19-14-35-101 and 19-14-35-100) to the
south of the lek would be minor because nonfarm
residential development could occur outside of the
sensitive habitat area on the two private lots.
ESEE Findings and Decision - DE 0999-01
Page 3
Residential development would also be restricted by the
LM, SMIA and FP zones.
Limiting the development of parks or campgrounds would
have a negligible economic consequence as there are
numerous private and public recreational facilities
throughout the county.
Maintaining lek sites and sensitive habitat area will
help assure that the species does not become a federally
threatened and endangered species. Should this happen,
the protection criteria would be much more restrictive
around the remaining lek sites.
(B) Social Consequences
The social consequence of allowing unregulated
conflicting uses could be the abandonment of the lek
site which would be be a loss to the segment of society
that enjoys viewing wildlife. The positive social
consequences of limiting conflicting uses would be
continuing opportunities for naturalists and bird
watchers to study and enjoy the birds.
Structural development within the sensitive habitat area
could be prohibited with little social consequence as
owners have the potential to develop their properties
outside of the quarter mile sensitive habitat area.
Residential development is a conditional use and is also
subject to the SMIA and LM site plan requirements.
(C) Environmental Consequences
The environmental consequences of allowing unregulated
conflicting uses could be the destruction of the
characteristics which make the lek desireable to the
birds which could cause abandonment of the site and
failure of breeding and reduction in the sage grouse
population. There are no identified negative
environmental consequences of prohibiting conflicting
uses.
(D) Energy Consequences
There are no identified significant energy consequences
from either permitting or limiting conflicting uses.
5. Program To Meet Goal 5.
The Board of County Commissioners finds that, based on
the ESEE consequences, both the resource site and the
conflicting uses are important relative to each other
and that the ESEE consequences should be balanced to
allow conflicting uses in a limited way (OAR
ESEE Findings and Decision - DE 0999-01
Page 4
660-16-010(3)).
In order to protect both the lek and the sensitive
habitat area and allow limited conflicting uses, the
following restrictions shall apply:
1. Site plan review under the Sensitive Bird and
Mammal Habitat Combining zone shall be required for
all land uses within the sensitive habitat area
requiring a land use permit.
2. Structural development within the quarter mile
sensitive habitat area shall be prohibited because
there are alternative locations for structures
outside of the sensitive habitat area.
3. Partitions creating a residential building site
within the sensitive habitat area shall be
prohibited.
4. The amended ESEE analysis for the surface mine
(Site #494) identifies the lek as a conflicting use
and requires consultation with ODFW prior to
operation or expansion of the site to determine
what specific requirements are necessary to protect
the lek from surface mining conflicts.
ESEE Findings and Decision - DE 0999-01
Page 5
x
4865
i~
I~1
I%
,l
•I
i
x
55'
4864
74( YZ
'
J \ 1 <2<ou \ \
2 \l' 1~oIse Ri ZIn
I Summit Z m
- f
"c Dyer Well= if
<2z3 If n - - _
If
II -i cc.
r
\ _ I
4962
+l I
u I row I y
'
ll - E-~-off''.
`fit- '
31
11
I
'y ~
I
1 II '
II r2,0'.__
4
34
II
u
n ~
w
o
n
. T \ r i ~ k
"61
I ~ N
j 36
1'. V:` A L 1 E Y
q I ~
I
Exhibit "A-1"
Sage Grouse Lek
DE-9999-u1
19-14-26/SESE
v
Q1
0
ti
o°
U
o
I N • i 1-■-r•IjN
I I I
1
S1 m,w ••S 19
~ I
0000
"II \ m
C / ( a
t ~o - - .-i -
_ z' 1 I ~ ~ a i$
I / I Im
N I
• ` 1
U) C-2
> Oa 1
~j p I 1
i '
W ;
LLJ i W I 1 1
0
vi= % 'r r. m 1 I $ jmo°
mc~°• 8 I f a
..yam N
.1(1 n ~ , ~ ig iO
~Q ~ o ' ~ 7MMK I~ Imo
M_I I•+Y 1 Q a) ~ 4 •
Y
i W i`
o r I LAS
:0 ~o
I---•~ cD Y-------- _ I t I
-
vim` -t--~---7-
rVlr.1 `J I N; I rn+ ♦ i '~"1a f
Oj
Z7f_...rl - I i • 1 ♦ I RI:'`O. ; I {yam
O N i •i i
o _
O - CI 61 4•Y'1 a•S
00g u
N w w
wr 2
O u- 0
U Y
r~
- o
n
uw
N
N
'N
O
•i
po W
t:N~ N
N i I to
i ~
i
~ ~ 11
~I
I
I'~I IN
N
mW 1
I r'
I"
rf)
'u
N
a I o - - ' 1"~ 1 rte. • f
I • I ~ t "i I V I Q'• N~
I
Exhibit "A-2"
Sage Grouse Lek
DE-0999-01
19-14-26/5ESE
L
rn
O
p O
0
N
N
, O
V
O
W`
a
Q
N ~
0
r v
N Rf
O
Q
w
V
Ul n!
1
LLI
LL
1
Q O
U
Cl)
0
C),
s
C
.
Exhibit "A-3"
Sage Grouse Lek
DE-0999-01
- 19-14-26/SESE
II' -
0 .~1: N
May 28, 2008
Established 1970
E.rper rented Adviee
in a Complex World "a
200 FORUM BUILDING
777 High Street
Eugene, Oregon
97401-2782
PHONE
541 686-9160
FAX
541 343-8693
www.eugene-law.com
James K. Coons
John G. Cox
Douglas M. DuPriest
Frank C. Gibson
Stephen A. Hutchinson
E. Bradley Litchfield
Zack P. Mittge
Thomas M. Orr
William H. Sherlock
Patrick L. Stevens
Sent Via First-Class Mail and Facsimile to (541) 385-3202
Deschutes County
Board of Commissioners
1300 NW Wall St.
Bend, OR 97701-1960
Re: Issues on Remand/ Walker v. 4-R Equ
Proposed Spencer Wells Quarry; P
Our Clients: Clay and Tammera V
Our File No: 7770/10025B
Dear Board of Commissioners:
1
prlient, 2007-031 2008
04, /,6Y04-6
balker
On behalf of our clients, Clay and Tammera Walker, we submit this
letter in opposition to the foregoing applications, and request that the County
deny this application on remand from the Land Use Board of Appeals. The
Land Use Board of Appeals identified several substantial issues, including
impacts to Sage Grouse Habitat, impacts to Native American cultural use of
the ancient burial grounds and irreplaceable rock art sites in Dry River
Canyon, and impacts to surrounding agricultural uses. The applicant has
made an attempt to address some of these issues through proposed findings,
but its efforts fall far short of the mark. Accordingly, this application should
be denied.
Please include this letter in the record of these proceedings and
provides us with notice of future proceedings on this matter.
LUBA Decision.
The Land Use Board of Appeals remanded the County's decision on
eight issues and reserved judgment on the adequacy of the County's ESEE
analysis due to the number and nature of the issues on remand. The issues
identified by LUBA for remand are:
A. The failure to expand the mine's impact area to include
surrounding Sage Grouse habitat.
B. The failure to expand the mine's impact area to include Evans Well
Ranch.
C. The failure to address conflicts with Native American religious and
cultural use is the area in culturally significant Dry River Canyon.
Attorneys and
Counselors at Law
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 2
D. The failure to address conflicts with historic Coyote Well.
E. The failure the address conflicts with the BLM Best Shelter.
F. The failure to consider conflicts with agricultural practices.
G. The failure to address conflicts due to water drawdown within the
area.
H. The failure to address impacts due to dust.
The applicant attempts to address these issues by providing the County with
limited evidence and a series of proposed findings. However, as will be
addressed below, the evidence submitted by the applicant does not
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards, and the proposed
findings are deficient.
1. Impact on Greater Sage Grouse and Grouse Habitat.
OAR 660-023-0180, which governs designation of mineral and
aggregate resources, requires local governments "determine an impact area
for the purpose of identifying conflicts with proposed mining and processing
activities." OAR 660-023-0180(5)(a). It provides for a minimum impact area of
1,500 feet, and for expansion of the impact area beyond that 1,500-foot
boundary where significant potential conflicts are identified beyond that
boundary. Deschutes County Hearing Official Anne Corcoran Briggs', after
hearing all of the testimony adduced at both the initial hearing on February
15, 20052 and the later continued hearing and reviewing the written evidence,
concluded that an expanded impact area was warranted.
In particular, Hearings Official Corcoran Briggs found concluded that
factual information:
"submitted to the county during the course of these proceedings
justify an expansion of the 1,500 foot impact boundary to include
existing and approved uses within 3/ mile to the north of the northern
boundary of the subject property; two miles west of the western
boundary (to include the Horse Ridge grade on Highway 20); 1 mile
south (to include agricultural activities lying on the southern end of
the valley); 6.5 miles to the southeast (to include the Pine Mountain
1 Ms. Corcoran Briggs is an experienced land use attorney and former LUBA referee.
2 It should be noted that the Board of Commissioners is unable to review all of the
evidence and testimony in this case. Due to an apparent mechanical malfunction, all
of the oral testimony provided by participants at the initial evidentiary hearing of
February 15, 2005 was lost.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 3
Observatory) and 3 miles to the east (to include the sensitive bird and
mammal sites and ORV trails)." LUBA Rec. 1081.
The Applicant did not provide evidence to rebut the factual
information supporting expansion of the impact boundary. See LUBA Rec.
929-930. The Applicant's new evidence and argument do not justify a 1,500
impact area, do not establish there will be no significant impacts on the
existing use of the area by Greater Sage Grouse, do not adequately
acknowledge or evaluate impacts and do not minimize impacts.
The Greater Sage Grouse is currently being evaluated by the U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service (USFWS) for listing as endangered under the
Endangered Species Act (ESA). Greater Sage Grouse are highly sensitive to
human disruption. This has caused their suitable habitat to shrink to the point
that USFWS has been considering this listing for the past 5 years.
Oregon has recently lost Sage Grouse in the northern part of its range.
It is typical to lose bird populations on the edges of the bird's range. This site
and sage grouse habitat is on the far west edge of the Greater Sage Grouse
Habitat in the U.S. It is particularly vulnerable for this reason.
We are submitting extensive evidence on this subject. A few points to
bear in mind are: Wildlife biologists state that an area one and one-half miles
in diameter around leks should be protected as associated breeding, nesting
and chick rearing habitat. The proposed mine is located only one and one-
quarter miles from the largest sage grouse lek in Deschutes County. Since the
proposed mine is located within this sensitive area, the impact boundary
should be expanded.
The Sensitive Bird and Mammal Habitat Combining Zone (SBHM)
around the off-site lek only protects the lek area to a distance of 1,320 feet.
This may protect the lek, but it does not adequately protect the related
sensitive and important sage grouse habitat.
The U.S. BLM has done extensive studies of the impacts of mining on
Sage Grouse and has adopted more than a dozen management practices
designed to lessen impacts of mining on sage grouse. This proposed mine
would result in the impacts BLM has listed and the applicant has provided
neither adequate analysis of these impacts nor adequate minimization. Nor is
it clear that, even if all the minimization measures were implemented that
sage grouse would continue to use the habitat surrounding the site.
2. Evans Well Ranch.
As set forth above, Hearing Official Anne Corcoran Briggs found that
"factual information" justified expanding the impact area for the Proposed
Rock Quarry to encompass Evans Well Ranch. The Land Use Board of
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 4
Appeals referred to testimony highlighting conflicts between the proposed
quarry and the Evans Well Ranch, and specifically to testimony that:
"if cattle avoid one part of a pasture due to noise or dust, they will
overuse another portion, which could lead to smaller or fewer calves
resulting in direct financial loss to the ranchers."
LUBA held that, in light of this testimony, the decision to decrease the impact
area and exclude Evans Well Ranch was "not supported by adequate findings
or substantial evidence."
The applicant has not provided substantial evidence to justify the
reduction of the impact area. Instead, it provides information regarding the
amount of the Nash's BLM allotment that is directly "abutting" on the
proposed property. However, this information is largely irrelevant.
The issue in determining the extent of the impact area is not what
property abuts the subject property (large portions of directly abutting
properties are necessarily included in the impact area under the rule). The
issue is the extent of the impacts beyond the boundaries of the impact area.
Here, the factual information within the record establishes that the
BLM allotments - from 700 acres or 7,000 acres - can only be managed for
light grazing, and that noise, dust or vibrations from the quarry would
require decreased stocking rates to ensure that cattle did not overuse portions
of these allotments. The Nash's testified that acquisition (via lease or
purchase) of alternative pasture area would be the way to offset these
decreased stocking rates.
In addition, the quarry use would also result in decreased fertility for
the Evans Well livestock (with less reproduction, lower birth weights, and
lower weight gain), and an estimated decrease of 10% of calves available for
sale. See LUBA Rec. 133. This factual information reflects a significant
change and a significant increase in costs to the Evans Well Ranch, and
justifies an expansion of the impact boundary to encompass the ranch.
It may be that the applicant views its conflicts as an insignificant
impact on the large Nash operation. However, this assumes something that
the applicant is required to prove - i.e., the extent of its impacts. The
applicant has provided no evidence justifying its view (indeed, as addressed
below, the applicant has not yet bothered to quantify the extent of its dust
impacts).
The applicant also makes reference to fencing around the site and to
the lack of irrigated pastures nearby. However, both of these statements are
irrelevant as well. The conflicts identified do not include cattle straying on to
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 5
the subject property in any case. Therefore, the applicant's statement
regarding fencing is irrelevant.
Furthermore, it is already well-established in the record that the area
surrounding the proposed pit is dry-land ranching. The applicant has
already attempted to confuse the issue by arguing to the Board that this dry-
land ranching need not be considered because it is "not significant." This
interpretation was specifically rejected by LUBA. This is the law of this case,
and the applicant should not be permitted to, again, argue this erroneous
interpretation.
3. Conflicts with Native American religious and cultural use.
LUBA found that the decision failed to address the conflicts between
the proposed excavation and blasting activities at the mine site, and the
continued cultural and religious use of Dry River canyon by Native
Americans. In particular, LUBA stated:
"The issue of Native American religious and cultural use of the area
around the pictograms is a more difficult one. Intervenor [Applicant]
does not respond to that argument, and nothing cited to us in the
decision addresses it. Petitioners cite to testimony that area around
the pictograms includes numerous burial sites, and that tribal
members visit the area to conduct religious and cultural ceremonies
honoring their ancestors. A tribal cultural resource specialist stated
that the proposed mining operation would destroy an area that
demands quiet for tribal members that visit for religious and
cultural purposes." (Emphasis added).
The applicant seeks to ignore LUBA's finding as well as the evidence in the
record by arguing that "[t]here was no evidence that there was an ongoing
practice of tribal members for religious or cultural purposes." Issues on
Remand, p. 5. In fact, it encourages the County to adopt a finding reflecting
that there was "no evidence" of such cultural use. We direct your attention to
the recorded testimony of Paiute tribal elder Wilson Wewa that is already in
the record. We are also submitting evidence of a visit by Burns Paiute
members to the site and from the Oregon State of Historic Preservation Office
and other documentation about the cultural significance of the site and the
strength of the site's case for addition to the National Registry of Historic
Places.
Paiute tribal elder Wilson V. Wewa has stated:
"This site has held a significant spot in the history of my family in that
my ancestors were people that practiced the Paiute religion in the
purest form."
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 6
"...from the time I was 4 years old and 5 years old my grandfather
showed me this place [Dry River Canyon pictographs]. His name was
Sam Wewa. His father was an Indian doctor and they'd talk about
these places very much. Most of the Indian writings located in
southeast Oregon have a religious significance to the Paiute people
and most often the picture writings are in areas where the Indian
doctors have gone to pray to renew themselves and ask for spiritual
guidance."
"There is one figure that was named to me by my grandmother (who's
now deceased). The figure here where there are two people, one
looking like a shadow... My grandmother called that Soop (sp?) which
in the Paiute language means "ghost".
"I found a lot of small caves, depressions in the canyon wall that could
have been used for burial, for vision quest, for fasting and I had a
sense of being watched... the full time that I walked through [the Dry
River Canyon]."
The key point is that this area just north and west of the proposed
mining site is not simply of historic interest to the descendants of white
settlers, but remains an important part of the cultural and spiritual life of the
Paiute Indians whose ancestors inhabited this area for millennia.
A large lake used to exist just a short distance west of the subject site.
This lake, and its associated river, now called Dry River, were important to
the indigenous peoples. It provided an important source of water and food in
an otherwise and area. Given the importance of this area, it is not surprising
that the area contains extensive evidence of past habitation.
In fact, the property on which the mining is proposed is locally known
as "Tepee Draw." MacArthur's Oregon Geographic Names ((5th ed. 1982), at
p. 724 describes it thus:
"Deschutes County. This is a draw on the northeast slopes of Paulina
Mountains. It was so called because remains of Indian tepees were
found therein."
There is a photograph in the record (LUBA Rec. 1493) that shows a ring of
large stones used to hold down the edges of tepees. Tepee rings remained in
this area into historic times. Again, the mine proposed here would be in
Tepee Draw, a longstanding site of Native American habitation. It is difficult
to believe that there would not be extensive artifacts, and possibly burial
remains, on the proposed mining site. Were the mine approved, the owner
could expect that compliance with federal and state requirements related to
Native American remains and artifacts could stop, interrupt or otherwise
interfere with operation of the mine.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 7
The applicant ignores large portions of the County's record which
detail the continuing cultural use of the subject property by Native American
tribes. In fact, Perry Chocktoot, the Cultural Resources Protection Specialist
for the Klamath Tribes provided written testimony that:
"If the construction of this quarry and rock crushing operation was to
take place it would destroy an area that demands quiet for the tribal
members that still go to the area today for worship of our ancestors
and to converse with the life giver and creator of us all. This area is one
of very few left that has such special meaning to us as a connection to
our past, present and future. It would be a tragedy to l[o]se another
sacred area to the so[-]called progress of America."
In addition, the Deschutes County Historic Landmarks Commission also
testified to continuing cultural use of Dry River Canyon:
"The area of pictographs and burials is in current use by members of
the Burns Paiute and Northern Paiute Tribe. Hundreds of their
ancestors are buried there and the rock writings done by healers and
religious leaders record their culture and connect the present
generation to the past. A bus of children from the Burns Paiute
Reservation was scheduled to visit the site with their elders on
Tuesday morning last week. They appreciate the current uses in the
area and the quiet." LUBA Rec. 886
This is compelling evidence of continuing cultural use of the subject property
by Native American groups.
The federal American Indian Religious Freedom Act provides:
"On and after August 11, 1978, it shall be the policy of the United
States to protect and preserve for American Indians their inherent
right of freedom to believe, express, and exercise the traditional
religions of the American Indian, Eskimo, Aleut, and Native
Hawaiians, including but not limited to access to sites, use and
possession of sacred objects, and the freedom to worship through
ceremonials and traditional rites." 42 U.S.C. § 1996 (Emphasis
added.)
The proposed quarrying activities would disrupt the traditional use of the
"only documented active cultural site that the Native Americans call a
sacred site in the County." LUBA Rec. 886 (Deschutes County
Landmarks Commission). Accordingly, it is inconsistent with this federal
mandate, as well as with state law which requires minimization of mining
conflicts.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 8
Would you wish to visit a sacred site, such as a church or a
cemetery where your ancestors are buried, only to find a large mine, with
ongoing hauling and crushing activity occurring next door? No
reasonable person would. The applicant seeks to lure the Board into error
by claiming that that there is no conflict, when the conflict is undeniable.
Given the overwhelming evidence of the continued use, significance and
existence of conflict, the County should resist the Applicant's invitation to
commit error. Rather, since the proposed mine would conflict with and
disrupt the sole active cultural site that Native Americans consider sacred
in all of Deschutes County, its impacts are simply too severe, and the
mining should not be permitted.
4. Coyote Well.
Coyote Well is located on the Walker property on a basalt bench near
Dry River. It is an unusual well. This area was first known as Coyote Seep.
At this site, the Millicans, the original settlers of Millican Valley, hand dug a
14-foot well. Being near the main road, this well was used by many in the
area, including sheep ranchers and also by early motorists whose radiators
went dry from crossing Horse Ridge.
When the Walker's bought their property in 1994, they cleaned out the
well and found it to be a 25-foot hand dug well. It is encased in lava rock.
One day after it was cleaned out, it was filled with water. The Walkers are
able to pump it frequently to provide water for stock and wildlife.
Kleinfelder is mistaken in thinking that Coyote Spring is filled by
surface runoff. It is not. Instead, the water recharges from its sides. Tammera
Walker reports that when the water is drawn down one can see the running
into it from the sides of the well. It refills even in the summer with fresh,
clean water. Given how close this well is to the proposed mine, and given
geologist Larry Chitwood's comment that not enough is known about the
groundwater in this area, it is not reasonable to believe that creating a deep
mine so close would have no meaningful impacts on Coyote Well or
groundwater in the area. The Applicant has not adequately addressed the
conflicts with this important, nearby water resource, that remains an existing
use.
5. Best Shelter.
This structure is named after former owners of the property, Irma and
Wayne Best, who built it as a non-farm dwelling. It is sometimes, but not
continuously, used.
The Applicant calls it an "illegal dwelling" and implies that this is an
adequate reason not to consider it further. The Applicant is mistaken. Under
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 9
LUBA case law, a use can be illegal yet still be an "existing use" that must be
addressed under Goal 5.
Also, contrary to the Applicant's claim, current county computer
records show that the property, known as 57717 Spencer Wells Road, has a
"Final" approval for a "Nonfarm Dwelling." The Applicant has not
adequately addressed conflicts regarding this existing use.
6. Agricultural Practices.
The Applicant essentially reiterates its argument against expanding the
impact boundary as the basis for concluding that there is no significant
impact on surrounding agricultural practices. However, as set forth above,
the evidence in the record establishes that the proposed quarry would force a
significant change in and significantly increase the costs of existing dry land
ranching practices in the area around the proposed quarry. The applicant
dismisses these impacts out of hand and does not address impacts on this
livestock use (apart from fencing that would do nothing to mitigate impacts
from noise3, dust or vibrations). Accordingly, the Applicant's evidence and
proposed findings provide no basis for approving this application.
7. Water Drawdown.
LUBA also remanded this matter to the County to assess the risk of
water drawdown associated with excavating a deep quarry pit at the lowest
point in the Millican Valley. Respected Deschutes National Forest Service
Geologists Robert A. Jensen, and the late Larry Chitwood, previously advised
the Deschutes County Historic Landmarks Commission that:
"It is unwise to put a rock quarry next to the Dry River at that point in
the drainage basin." LUBA Rec. 880.
In particular, Mr. Chitwood and Mr. Jensen explained that the Dry River is
the lowest point in the Millican Basin, and that water from Pine Mountain
and Horse Ridge currently move northwest across the subject property to
reach the Dry River canyon. LUBA Rec. 880 & 878. Mr. Chitwood and Mr.
Jensen explain that Dry River and TePee Draw, which includes the subject
property, are the lowest points in the Dry River system. LUBA Rec. 880.
Once excavated, the proposed pit would be below the level of the Dry River
Canyon and would interrupt the lateral flow of water across the landscape
into the Canyon. At the same time, a mining pit would capture water flowing
3 Noise is an issue of special concern given the unique acoustics of the Millican
Valley. The late Deschutes National Forest Geologist Larry Chitwood, indicated that
the volcanic ash soils of the valley produce a cold layer of air close to the ground that
tends to reflect sounds produced at ground level causing them to travel farther
within the valley than would ordinarily occur. LUBA Rec. 208.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 10
from the south and west to the Canyon. LUBA Rec. 879 (includes figure
depicting lateral movement of water from Canyon into pit).
The applicant's own "hydrogeographic evaluation" supports the
analysis of Mr. Chitwood and Mr. Jensen where it states:
"Because of the presence of fine-grained, partially-cemented lacustrine
(lake derived) and alluvial deposits which blanket the site, near-
surface laterally discontinuous perched groundwater zones are likely
to develop following precipitation events along the north-south
trending drainage course that transects the central portion of the site.
This surface water collector merges with the "Dry River" drainage
along the south side of U.S. Highway 20." January 14, 2008 Kleinfelder
Letter, p. 3 (Emphasis added).
The Kleinfelder report itself acknowledges the presence of perched aquifers
within the layer of soils overlying the basalt layer that the applicant proposes
to excavate and the drainage of the same into Dry River Canyon.
The Kleinfelder conclusions appear to be inconsistent with these
findings. However, the authors of the report did not enter the Dry River
Canyon or determine the extent of the underlying aquifers therein.
Moreover, while recognizing that these perched aquifers were "likely to
develop following precipitation," the report's authors did not do any
independent on-site evaluation of perched aquifer's on the site, or down-
gradient off-site, and instead relied on subsurface data from a 2004 report that
was collected during the dry season in June. As such, the report is not based
on any observed subsurface conditions during the fall through spring, on
either the subject site or Dry River Canyon, and provide no basis for
questioning the analysis put forth by the experienced, knowledgeable and
unbiased Geologists from Deschutes National Forest.
Other important questions include: What happens to water that will
collect in the bottom of the basalt mine? If the water is left where it collects,
wouldn't it interfere with mining operations? Wouldn't the mine operator
prefer to keep the floor of its excavation dry, so equipment could move freely
about the site without encountering pools of water? What would the operator
do with the trapped water? Pump it out of the pit? If so, where to? If so, what
would the quality of the pumped water be (for example, in terms of sediment
and turbidity and temperature)? If so, what would the impacts of the pumped
water be on the quality of water in the areas where the water is pumped (and
especially on the nearby ground and surface water)? The Applicant has
failed to address these important issues.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 11
8. Imvacts from Dust.
LUBA remanded the prior decision based on dust impacts stating:
"OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) requires the county to evaluate the ESEE
consequences of allowing mining on those conflicts that cannot be
minimized under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c), under three additional
listed considerations, including any'[r]easonable and practicable
measures that could be taken to reduce the identified adverse effects.'
See n. 8. As far as we can tell, the county did not evaluate dust
generated by blasting, or determine if such conflicts with the Walker
residence can be minimized or reduced."
The applicant attempts to skirt this issue by arguing that "[b]lasting does not
occur very often" and that it can "minimize or even eliminate blasting
generated dust" by only blasting when the "wind directions are blowing
away from the Walker residence." Issues on Remand, p. 9.
The applicant goes on to argue that since it previously testified that
"blasting activities generally occur during winter months" and it has
provided anemometer readings for approximately one month in the winter
that show wind directions blowing either "westerly" part of the time and to
the west part of the time, there would be no impact on the Walker residence
from dust. Id. at 9-10 (Emphasis added). The applicant assumes that which it
is required to prove.
While it may be the case that applicant testified that blasting activities
generally occur during winter months. This testimony does not equate to a
condition requiring the applicant to limit its blasting activity to only those
winter months. Nor does this testimony reflect that blasting would only
occur during the one-month period between November 19 and December 26,
for which applicant has provided some data. Thus, this anemometer data
does not provide any basis to believe that the applicant has mitigated the
impacts from dust associated with its proposed operation.
What's more, during the single month that applicant sampled, the
applicant's data shows the wind blowing toward the Walker residence and
Dry River Canyon about 20% of the time.
The approximately one month of anemometer data regarding wind
direction is not a substitute for an analysis of dust impacts for the Walker
residence. Instead, what the applicant has provided is an extremely limited
qualitative assessment of meteorological conditions. The only feasible
method for determining whether the mining activity meets applicable air and
dust fallout standards is to perform air dispersion modeling.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 12
This kind of quantitative modeling is routinely used by the Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality and United States Environmental
Protection Agency to verify compliance with air quality standards, and is the
only method to verify whether a proposed source (not yet built) can be
permitted from an air quality standpoint.
Without air dispersion modeling Deschutes County has no basis to
determine whether the proposed expansion will cause significant air
pollution and dust fallout impacts, whether the project will or can be
mitigated to eliminate potential impacts, or the degree and downwind
distance that potential significant impacts could occur. Since the applicant
cannot establish that its proposed impacts will be mitigated to insignificance
without first providing this quantitative baseline data (which it has not
provided), its application cannot be approved.
At a minimum, air dispersion modeling - similar to that performed in
2001 to verify compliance for Eugene Sand and Gravel's particulate air
emissions (at a proposed aggregate site in Lane County), must address
particulate emission rates, a presentation of how these emissions are released
into the air (including dates, times and locations for blasting activities),
verification of whether PMIO and PM2.5 air concentrations are mitigated to
levels below applicable ambient air quality standards, and verifying whether
peak offsite dust deposition rate meets applicable DEQ standards. Such
modeling would take into account both wind speed and direction, on an
hour-by-hour basis, to determine whether a particular offsite location is
downwind from any given emission source. The applicant has simply failed
to conduct the required analysis and cannot demonstrate that its proposal
would mitigate conflicts.
The dust created by the proposed blasting and other mining activities
would likely contain significant concentrations of fine particulate matter,
classified as either PMIO (particulate matter less than ten microns in diameter),
or PM2.5 (less than 2.5 microns in diameter). This particulate matter is among
the most harmful of all air pollutants, due to the fact that it evades a
respiratory system's natural defenses lodges deep in the lungs. It is especially
harmful to persons suffering from asthma, and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart disease. Even in low concentrations,
such fine particulate matter has been linked to premature death. Since the
applicant has failed to demonstrate that its emissions of dust would comply
with applicable standards for particulate matter, its proposal contains an
inherent risk to the public (including the Walker residence) that is too great to
permit mining activity to occur on the property.
Finally, the Applicant's data on wind direction is both skimpy and
wrong. Please find enclosed wind direction data prepared by the Oregon
Department of Transportation (ODOT) for this area. The data from ODOT is
significantly different from the Klienfelder data for the same time period.
Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
May 28, 2008
Page 13
• Klienfelder reports the wind blows from the south 22.9% of the time.
• ODOT indicates the wind blows from the south 57.9% of the time.
[Please recall the Walker residence is located a short distance north of
the proposed mine and thus would be in the direct path of dust from
the mine, including from crushing, loading and hauling activities.]
• Klienfelder report the wind blows from the west 62.6% of the time.
• ODOT indicates it is only 6.57%
• Kleindifelder reports 37.4 % of the time the wind was blowing from
the east.
• ODOT reports just 2.44%
• Kleinfielder did not address wind blowing from the North.
• ODOT reports 33.97%
Even if the Kleinfielder data were correct (which it is not), data from one
month do not accurately represent prevailing winds in this area during the
course of a year. The Applicant's conclusions drawn from the Kleinfelder
data are not supported by substantial evidence or adequate reasons.
For all of the above reasons, plus more contained in the exhibits we are
submitting, the application should be denied. Thank you for your
consideration of these remarks.
Very truly yours,
HUTCHINSON, COX, COONS,
D RIEST, ORR & SHERLOCK, P.C.
Dougl DuPriest
DMD / erl
Enclosures
cc: Robert Lovlien
Clients
DATE: April 18, 2008
Community Development Department
Planning Division Building Safety Division Environmental Health Division
MEMORANDUM
117 NW Lafayette Avenue Bend Oregon 97701-1925
(541)388-6575 FAX (541)385-1764
http://www.co.deschutes.or.us/cdd/
TO: Board of County Commissioners
FROM: Paul Blikstad, Senior Planner
RE: Remand hearing from LUBA appeal - 4-R Equipment
BACKGROUND
4-R Equipment (Ron Robinson) filed applications for a plan amendment to add the subject
property to the County's Goal 5 surface mining inventory of mineral and aggregate resources,
and a zone change to rezone the property from Exclusive Farm Use - Horse Ridge subzone
(EFU-HR) to Surface Mining (SM). These applications were intially heard by the County
Hearings Officer, who recommended denial of the applications based on the applicant not
identifying measures to avoid or minimize conflicts with nearby uses.
Because these applications involved lands designated for farm use, the County Code required
that the Board hold a de novo hearing without the necessity of filing an appeal, regardless of the
Hearings Officer's determination. The Board held an initial hearing on August 23, 2005. The
Board, on November 2, 2005, ordered that the record remain open until November 30, 2005 in
order for the applicant to submit an ESEE (Environmental, Social, Economic and Energy)
analysis for a one-half mile impact area. The Board reopened the record and staff sent notice of
a subsequent hearing held on December 14, 2005 for public comment on the ESEE analysis.
The Board announced its decision on March 1, 2006. The applicant's counsel was instructed to
write the decision (with staff review). Due to the applicant's counsel's schedule (including a 2-
month sabbatical), the Board written decision was not mailed out until December 27, 2006.
The Board's decision was appealed to LUBA by the opponents, Clay and Tammera Walker.
LUBA's final opinion and order was issued October 3, 2007, which remanded the County's
decision. Consequently, the County is required to hold a new hearing, and issue a new written
decision within a very short timeframe (90 days from the date the applicant requests in writing).
The applicant submitted the request for the County to start the remand process by letter dated
April 17, 2008. Ninety (90) days from this date is July 16, 2008.
I will be scheduling a hearing before the Board at the earliest possible date in order to meet the
90-day period required by State law.
LUBA'S ORDER
4-R Equipment - Staff memo
Quality Services Performed With Pride
Page 1
LUBA's order listed the opponents (petitioner's) assignments of error. Staff lists the
assignments of error in the order of LUBA's opinion and decision.
The proposed one-half mile Surface Mining Impact Area (SMIA) combining zone around
the surface mining boundary does not require those property owners within the SMIA
zone's consent to the zone change (pages 3-4 of LUBA's order). This assignment of
error was denied.
2. Impacts to:
Pine Mountain Observatory - LUBA found the County's findings that a reasonable
person could conclude based on the whole record that dust from the mining operation
would not be a significant potential conflict with the observatory (pages 5-7 of LUBA's
order). This subassignment of error was denied.
Sage Grouse - LUBA found that the County's findings were inadequate to determine
that the mining activity would not interfere with the sage grouse flight patterns and
ultimately the sage grouse leks. There is an identified and protected sage grouse lek
within 1.25 miles of the mining site (pages 7-9 of LUBA's order). This subassignment of
error was sustained.
Evans Well Ranch - LUBA found that the County's findings were inadequate to
determine that the mining operation would not interefere with cattle grazing operations at
the ranch, by potentially affecting where the cattle could graze (pages 9-10 of LUBA's
order). This subassignment of error was sustained.
Residential Uses - LUBA found that the "other residences" referenced in the Hearings
Officer's decision were not identifed by the petitioner and the County did not error in
excluding these unidentified residences from the impact area (page 10 of LUBA's order).
This subassignment of error was denied.
3. Quality of life and aesthetic concerns, specifically to the Walker residence. LUBA found
that "quality of life" or "aesthetic concerns" that are not caused by noise, dust or other
discharges from a mining operation need not be considered (pages11-13 of LUBA's
order). This assignment of error was denied.
4. Impacts to:
Spencer Wells Road - LUBA found that the County did not error in failing to identify
Spencer Wells Road as a potential conflicting use (pages 13-14 of LUBA's order). This
subassignment of error was denied.
Wildlife Habitat - LUBA found that the applicant's biologist's report concluded that there
may or may not be pygmy rabbit burrows on the site and that the "dusting" site found
was for the non-sensitive kangaroo rat (page 14-15 of LUBA's order). This
subassignement of error was denied.
Native American Archeological and Cultural Sites - LUBA found that while there may be
undiscovered archeological sites within the portion of Dry Canyon on the applicant's
property, the petitioners did not identify any administrative rule or other applicable land
use regulation that required the applicant to survey (archeological) that portion of the
4-R Equipment - Staff memo Page 2
canyon within the 600-foot buffer area (pages15-16 of LUBA's order). This
subassignment of error was denied.
5. Impacts to the archeological sites on the Walker property caused by fire emanating from
the proposed mining site, or diesel exhaust from trucks using the site. LUBA found that
there was no evidence to suggest that the mining activities would be likely to increase
the risk of wildfires in the area or the risk to the pictogram site, or that diesel exhaust
would create greater impacts that the existing traffic on Highway 20 (pages 16-17 of
LUBA's order). This assignment of error was denied.
6. Impacts to:
Pictograms - LUBA found that the county determined that vibration impacts to the
pictograms was sufficently addressed by the County. The Native American use of the
area to conduct religious and cultural ceremonies is an "existing use" under OAR 660-
023-0180(5)(b)(A), and the County must evaluate whether such visits are existing uses,
and if so, evaluate alleged conflicts with those uses (pages 18-19 of LUBA's order). This
subassignment of error (for religious and cultural ceremonies) was sustained.
Coyote Well - LUBA found that the County did not address vibration impacts to this well
(pages 19-20 of LUBA's order). This subassignment of error was sustained.
Highway 20 - LUBA found that dust was sufficiently addressed and that the petitioners
did not cite to anything in the record that flying rocks and debris would endanger
motorists on the highway (pages 20-21 of LUBA's order). This subassignment of error
was denied.
Best Shelter - LUBA found that there was no findings with respect.to the impacts to the
shelter (page 21 of LUBA's order). This subassignment of error was sustained.
7. Petitioners apparently repeated the arguments of other discharges such as fire, diesel
exhaust and flying rocks. LUBA rejected those arguments again (page 21 of LUBA's
order). This assignment of error was denied.
8. Impacts to agricultural uses and addressing ORS 215.296. LUBA found that the
County's decision only mentioned that the mining operation would not impact
"significant" agricultural uses, and did not address ORS 215.296 at all (pages21-23 of
LUBA's order). This assignment of error was sustained.
9. The proposed mining site would draw water from nearby shallow perched aquifers.
LUBA found that the County did not address this issue and conduct any necessary
evaluations under OAR 660-023-0180(5) (pages 23-24 of LUBA's order). This
assignment of error was sustained.
10. Impacts to the antelope winter range from the mining site. LUBA found that the
applicant's wildlife biologist study, in conjunction with ODFW's review of the mitigation
measures proposed, was sufficient to determine that the resource was protected (pages
24-26 of LUBA's order). This assignment of error was denied.
11. Petitioners contend that the County's ESEE analysis was inadequate. LUBA's order
states: "Depending on the conclusions reached in those amended or additional findings,
4-R Equipment - Staff memo Page 3
the county may be required to adopt amended or additional findings under its ESEE
analysis for purposes of OAR 660-023-0180(50(d)." LUBA stated they could not "reach"
the eleventh assignment of error.
Based on the above findings, staff believes that the applicant will need to address the following
before the Board:
• Flight patterns of the sage grouse and how the mining operation may or may not affect
them.
• Agricultural activities surrounding the surface mining site, specifically the impacts to the
Evans Well Ranch cattle operation.
• Native American religious and cultural activities, whether these constitute "existing uses"
and if so, an evaluation alleged conflicts with those uses.
• Vibrations and possible impact to the Coyote Well.
• Information on the Best Shelter and what impacts might occur to it.
• Agricultural uses and addressing ORS 215.296.
• Mining impacts on perched aquifer ground water sources.
Staff believes that the ESEE anlaysis will need to be amended to incorporate findings on all of
the above impacts. Staff has not yet read the applicant's April 17th submittal, but will review it
and comment at the hearing.
I am submitting for your review copies of the following:
• The Board's written decision on PA-04-8, ZC-04-6
• Staff memo to the Board dated July 20, 2005
• LUBA final opinion and order dated October 3, 2007
• Applicant's letter dated 4-17-08 requesting the County start the remand process and
attached exhibits 1-6
Please contact me at your convenience if you have any questions.
4-R Equipment - Staff memo Page 4
=-COU For Recor
ding Stamp Only
DECISION OF THE DESCHUTES COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS
FILE NUMBERS: PA-04-8, ZC-04-6
APPLICANT/OWNER: 4-R Equipment, LLC
PO Box 5006
Bend, OR 97708
AGENT: Robert S. Lovlien
Bryant Lovlien & Jarvis, P.C.
P.O. Box 1151
Bend, OR 97709
REQUEST: A plan amendment and zone change for 365 acres from
Exclusive Farm Use (EFU-HR) to Surface Mining (SM).
STAFF CONTACT: Paul Blikstad, Associate Planner
1. APPLICABLE CRITERIA:
A. Title 18 of the Deschutes County Code, the Deschutes County Zoning Ordinance
B. Title 22 of the DCC, the Development Procedures Ordinance
C. Title 23 of the DCC, the Deschutes County Comprehensive Plan
D. OAR 660 Division 23, Procedures and Requirements for Complying with Goal 5
E. OAR 660-012-0060, Plan and Land Use Regulation Amendments
F. OAR 660-015, Statewide Planning Goals
If. FINDINGS OF FACT:
The Board adopts the Hearings Officer's Findings of Fact and adds the following
H. PROCEDURAL HISTORY: The Planning Division mailed notice of the public hearing
scheduled for January 18, 2005 to property owners within 750 feet of the subject property and
published a notice of the proposal in the Bend Bulletin. Hearings were held before the
Deschutes County Hearings Officer on January 18, 2005 and on April 20, 2005. On June 1,
2005, the Hearings Officer issued her recommendation. The County Board of Commissioners
held a public hearing on August 23, 2005 to consider this request. On November 2, 2005, the
Board of Commissioners ordered that the record remain open until November 30, 2005 in
1 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
DC-2006-609
order to provide an ESEE Analysis for a one-half mile impact area. The Board reopened the
record and sent notice of a subsequent public hearing held on December 14, 2005 for public
comment on the ESEE Analysis. The hearing was continued from December 14, 2005 to
January 25, 2006. The Board announced its decision on March 1, 2006. On June 15, 2006,
applicant's legal counsel, Mr. Robert Lovlien, submitted a letter waiving the 180-day period
without specifying a time period. On September 8, 2006, the County received written notice
from Mr. Lovlien, saying that Mr. Lovlien would be leaving for a two month sabbatical and
requesting that the mailing of the Board's written decision be delayed until after Mr. Lovlien
returned on November 27, 2006.
111. CONCLUSIONARY FINDINGS:
A. OREGON ADMINISTRATIVE RULES
OAR 660-023-0180. Mineral and Ag. -ate Resources.
(1) For purposes of this rule, the following definitions apply:
(a) "Aggregate resources" are naturally occurring concentrations of stone, rock,
sand, gravel, decomposed granite, limestone, pumice, cinders, and other
naturally occurring solid materials commonly used in road building or other
construction.
(f) "Mineral resources" are those materials and substances described in ORS
517.750(7) but excluding materials and substances described as "aggregate
resources" under subsection (a) of this section.
(2) Local governments are not required to amend acknowledged inventories or
plans with regard to mineral and aggregate resources except in response to an
application for a post acknowledgement plan amendment (PAPA) or at periodic
review as specified in OAR 660-023-0180(8). The requirements of this rule
modify, supplement, or supercede the requirements of the standard Goal 5
process in OAR 660-023-0030 through 660-023-0050, as follows:
(a) A local government may inventory mineral and aggregate resources
throughout its jurisdiction, or in a portion of its jurisdiction. When a local
government conducts an inventory of mineral and aggregate sites in all or
a portion of its jurisdiction, it shall follow the requirements of OAR 660-
023-0030 except as modified by subsection (b) of this section with respect
to aggregate sites. When a local government is following the inventory
process for a mineral or aggregate resource site under a PAPA, it shall
follow the applicable requirements of OAR 660-023-0030, except where
those requirements are expanded or superceded for aggregate resources
as provided in subsections (b) through (d) of this section and sections (3)
(4) and (8) of this rule;
2 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
(b) Local governments shall apply the criteria in section (3)or (4) of this rule,
whichever is applicable, rather than OAR 660-023-0030(4) in determining
whether an aggregate resource is significant,
(c) Local governments shall follow the requirements of section (5) or (6) of
this rule, whichever is applicable, in deciding whether to authorize the
mining of a significant aggregate resource site, and OAR 660-023-0040
through 660-023-0050 in deciding whether to authorize mining of a
significant mineral resource; and
(d) For significant mineral and aggregate sites where mining is allowed,
except for aggregate sites that have been determined to be significant
under section (4) of this rule, local governments shall decide on a
program to protect the site from new off-site conflicting uses by following
the standard ESEE process In OAR 660-023-0040 and 660-023-0050 with
regard to such uses
FINDING: The Board adopts the Hearings Officers' findings for the above State administrative rule
provisions and adds the following:
Based on the burden of proof statement and the associated geotechnical report, the plan amendment
and zone change applications submitted are for an ggg eaate resource rather than a mineral
resource, as defined in OAR 660-023-0180(1) above. The proposed resource, according to the
applicant's submittal, is a naturally occurring concentration of rock, sand and gravel, commonly used
in road building or other construction. Consequently, the proposed applications will be reviewed for
significance under OAR 660-023-0180(4) rather than OAR 660-023-0030(4) as required under "b"
above. Additionally, the proposed application will be reviewed in deciding whether to authorize mining
under OAR 660-023-0180(6) rather than OAR 660-023-0040 through 660-023-0050 as required under
c above.
(3) An aggregate resource site shall be considered significant if adequate
information regarding the quantity, quality and location of the resource
demonstrates that the site meets any one of the criteria in sections (a) through
(c) of this section, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section;
(a) A representative set of samples of aggregate material in the deposit on
the site meets Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOn
specifications for base rock for air degradation, abrasion, and soundness,
and the estimated amount of material is more than 2,000,000 tons in the
Willamette Valley, or more than 500,000 tons outside the Willamette
Valley;
FINDING: The Board adopts the Hearings Officer's findings for these critieria and adds that the
Siemens report also addresses the potential for sale of lightweight fill. The report states that:
"laboratory testing indicates that the entire body of basalt rock (over 17 million cubic yards) easily
exceeds ODOT standards for highway construction aggregate." Thus, the estimated 17 million cubic
yards, which converts to approximately 44,200,000 tons, is well beyond the minimum 500,000-ton
threshold listed above.
(b)
The material meets local government standards establishing
threshold for significance than subsection (a) of this section; or
a lower
3 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
(c) The aggregate site is on an inventory of significant aggregate sites in an
acknowledged plan on the applicable date of this rule.
FINDING: The Board adopts the Hearings Officer's findings for these criteria.
(d) Notwithstanding subsections (a) an (b) of this section, except for an
expansion area of an existing site if the operator of the existing site on
March 1, 1996 had an enforceable property interest In the expansion area
on that date, an aggregate site is not significant if the criteria in either
paragraphs (A) or (B) of this subsection apply:
(A) More than 35 percent of the proposed mining area consists of soil
classWied as Class I on Natural Resource and Conservation Service
(NRCS) maps on the date of this rule; or
(B) More than 35 percent of the proposed mining area consists of soil
classified as Class Il, or of a combination of Class H and Class I or
Unique soil on NRCS maps available on the date of this rule,
FINDING: The Board adopts the Hearings Officer's findings for these criteria and adds that the
applicant did not have an existing mining site nor did the applicant have an enforceable property
interest in the expansion area on March 1, 1996. Therefore, the Board agrees that subsection (d) is
not applicable.
(4) Notwithstanding section (3) of this rule, a local government may also determine
that an aggregate resource site on farmland is significant if subsections (a) and
(b) of this section apply or if subsection (c) of this section applies:
(a) The quantity of material proposed to be mined from the site is estimated
to be 2,000,000 tons of aggregate material or less for a site in the
Willamette Valley, or 500,000 tons or less for a site outside the Willamette
Valley; and
(b) Not more than 35 percent of the proposed mining area consists of soil
(A) Classified as Class 1 on Natural Resource and Conservation
Service (NRCS) maps available on June 11, 2004, or
(B) Classified as Class 2, or a combination of Class 11 and Class 1 or
Unique soil, on NRCS maps on June 11, 2004, unless the average
thickness of the aggregate layer within the mining area exceeds
the amounts specified in paragraph (B) of subsection (3)(d) of this
rule; or
(c) A local land use permit that allows mining on the site was issued prior to
April 3, 2003, and the permit is in effect at the time of the significance
determination.
FINDING:. The Board adopts the Hearings Officer's findings on these criteria except that the Board
adds the following. While the proposal meets the criterion in subsection (4)(b), because it does not
meet the other leg of the requirement, subsection (a), the proposal does not meet the first set of
4 - Final Decision 411 EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
criterion for Section (4) to apply. Additionally, because the property is not subject to any pre-April 3,
2003 land use approval for mining, the Board agrees that subsection (4)(c) also does not apply.
Therefore, Section (4) in its entirety is not applicable to this proposal.
(5) For significant mineral and aggregate sites, local governments shall decide
whether mining is permitted. For a PAPA application involving an aggregate site
determined to be significant under section (3) of this rule, the process for this
decision is set out in subsections (a) through (g) of this section. A local
government must complete the process within 180 days after receipt of a
complete application that is consistent with section (8) or by the earliest date
after 180 days allowed by local charter.
FINDING: Because the Board found compliance with OAR 660-023-0180(3) above and that this is a
significant aggregate site, this section (5) is applicable to this proposal. As for the 180-day deadline,
as stated above, the applicant tolled that deadline.
(a) The local government shall determine an impact area for the purpose of identifying
conflicts with proposed mining and processing activities. The impact area shall be large
enough to include uses listed in subsection (b) of this section and shall be limited to 1,500 feet
from the boundaries of the mining area, except where factual information indicates significant
potential conflicts beyond this distance. For a proposed expansion of an existing aggregate
site, the impact area shall be measured from the perimeter of the proposed expansion area
rather than the boundaries of the existing aggregate site and shall not include the existing
aggregate site.
FINDING: The Staff recommended that, for purposes of this criterion, the impact area coincide with
the surface mining impact area (SMIA.) combining zone, Deschutes County Code ("DCC") 18.56.020.
Once a surface mining site is designated, DCC 18.56.020 requires surface mining impact area
("SMIA") combining zone to extend to one-half mile from the boundary of the property. The Hearings
Officer, however, recommended a SMIA extending as far as the Pine Mountain Observatory, located
six miles away.
The Board understands that the impact area required by the OAR is for determining what effect the
mining site will have on surrounding uses and that the SMIA is to prevent surrounding uses from
having an effect on the mining site. Therefore, the two impact areas have the opposite purpose, The
Board finds, however, that the factual information provided by the applicant and other parties
demonstrates that the half-mile distance encompasses all the reasonable impacts that the mining site
will have. The Board bases this finding on some of the information in the Hearings Officer's decision
and on the applicant's Environmental, Social, Economic and Energy ("ESEE") analysis. The Board's
findings are as follows.
There have been some potential conflicts identified beyond the half-mile distance. A review and
analysis of these potential conflicts is as follows:
A. Pine Mountain Observatory. The Pine Mountain Observatory is approximately 6.5 miles
east of the subject property located on top of Pine Mountain. A potential conflict that was identified
was dust emanating from the proposed mining operations. The issue is whether this would be a
"significant" potential conflict justifying an expansion of the impact area. The Observatory is a
substantial distance from the subject property. There are a number of other activities occurring within
the Millican Valley and surrounding Paulina Mountains that currently generate dust. These would
include the off-road vehicle trails near Millican, the unpaved dirt roads throughout the Millican Valley,
5 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
as well as in the Paulina Mountains, which are heavily used for recreational and hunting purposes,
and dust which naturally occurs in Central Oregon. Dust is most likely to occur during crushing
operations on the site. However, there was testimony that the Applicant operates similar crushing
sites at its Century Drive pit in Bend, Oregon, which is only 300 yards from the entrance to the Broken
Top, which is an upscale, golf, planned unit development. There have been no complaints regarding
dust from Applicant's crushing operations. Applicant has also operated a crusher within the city limits
of the City of Redmond at the Fireman's Pond. There have been no complaints from the operation of
that surface mine. Applicant also operates a mining operation east of Alfalfa on George Millican
Road. There have been no complaints of dust emanating from this site. Applicant also operates a
crusher at its O'Neil Junction pit outside of Prineville. No complaints with regard to dust have been
received. Based upon the distance from the subject property to the Pine Mountain Observatory, the
activities that currently existing within the Millican Valley, and evidence of Applicant's other crushing
operations in Central Oregon, dust would not be a significant potential conflict for the Pine Mountain
Observatory. Therefore, the Board finds that the Pine Mountain Observatory is too far to be
considered within the mining site's impact area.
B. Sage Grouse Nesting Site (Lek). The proposed surface mining operation is within 1.25
miles of a sensitive bird and mammal site. This is a sage grouse site (lek), listed as Site No. DE
0999-01 on the County's Wildlife Inventory, located in Section 26 of Township 19 South, Range 14
EWM. However, the mining site is located outside of the sensitive bird and mammal (SBM) combining
zone, and does not require SBM review under Chapter 18.90 of Title 18. Since the mining site is
outside of the SBM combining zone and the sage grouse site is protected by the SBM combining
zone, this site does not represent a significant potential conflict requiring the expansion of the impact
area.
C. Evans Wells Ranch. The potential conflicts would include noise, dust, traffic, vibrations,
water draw down, visual impacts and quality of life. This site is located over four miles south of the
subject property. There will be no traffic generated by the mining site that will go past this Ranch.
There is no evidence that the Ranch will be impacted by noise. There is evidence that the proposed
mining activities will not affect the valley water supply. See Exhibit "A".
D. ORV Trails. There is a significant network of off road vehicle trails near Millican east of this
project. These trails, in and of themselves, create a significant amount of dust, noise and additional
traffic in the Millican Valley. Most of these trails lie at least three miles east of the project. There is no
evidence that any significant amount of dust will be generated by the mining activities that could in
any way effect the use of these ORV trails. There are no ORV trails within one-half mile of the subject
property. Based upon the activity itself and the distance from the subject property, the ORV trails do
not represent a significant potential conflict which would justify expansion of the impact area.
E. Agricultural Practices. The nearest commercial agricultural activity, except for very limited
range grazing, is the Evans Wells Ranch. These limited agricultural practices do occur within one-half
mile of the site and will be discussed below.
F. Millican Townsite. Millican is an unincorporated site approximately three miles east of the
project. A convenience has operated at this site over the years. There was no testimony from the
owner of the Millican store or the property comprised of the unincorporated community of Millican.
Based upon the fact that there was no testimony from the owners or lessees of this site, there is
nothing to indicate that this creates a significant potential conflict which would justify the expansion of
the impact area.
After reviewing all the above uses that are further than a half-mile from the property line, the Board
6 - Final Decision 411 EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
finds that the impact on quality of life of residences and visitors to the Millican Valley and aesthetic
concerns may not be considered because OAR 660-023-0180(5) limits the type of conflicts that may
be considered to those listed in that section. Morse Bros.. Inc. vs Columbia County 37 Or. LUBA 85
(1999) affinned. 165 Or. App. 512 (2000). Based upon the location and distance from the site, the
Evans Wells Ranch does not indicate that a significant potential conflict exists that would justify
expanding the impact area.
Therefore, after the identification of possible and potential conflicts that exist beyond the SMIA
boundaries, the Board finds there is no factual information that indicates that these represent
"significant potential conflicts" that would justify an expansion of the impact area, otherwise identified
with the SMIA combining zone. As discussed below, however, there are significant impacts to uses
within that half-mile distance.
(b) The local government shall determine existing or approved land uses
within the impact area that will be adversely affected by proposed mining
operations and shall specify the predicted conflicts. For purposes of this
section, "approved land uses" are dwellings allowed by a residential zone
on existing platted lots and other uses for which conditional or final
approvals have been granted by the local government. For determination
of conflicts from proposed mining of a significant aggregate site, the local
government shall limit its consideration to the following:
(A) Conflicts due to noise, dust, or other discharges with regard to
those existing and approved uses and associated activities (e.g.,
houses and schools) that are sensitive to such discharges;
(B) Potential conflicts to local roads used for access and egress to the
mining site within one mile of the entrance to the mining site
unless a greater distance is necessary in order to include the
intersection with the nearest arterial identified in the local
transportation plan. Conflicts shall be determined based on clear
and objective standards regarding sight distances, road capacity,
cross section elements, horizontal and vertical alignment, and
similar items in the transportation plan and
implementing ordinances. Such standards for trucks associated with the
mining operation shall be equivalent to standards for other trucks
of equivalent size, weight, and capacity that haul other materials;
(C) Safety conflicts with existing public airports due to bird attractants,
i.e., open water impoundments. This paragraph shall not apply
after the effective date of commission rules adopted pursuant to
Chapter 285, Oregon Laws 1995;
(D) Conflicts with other Goal 5 resource sites within the impact area
that are shown on an acknowledged list of significant resources
and for which the requirements of Goal 5 have been completed at
the time the PAPA is initiated;
(E) Conflicts with agricultural practices, and
7 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISIONAOC
(F) Other conflicts for which consideration is necessary in order to
carry out ordinances that supersede Oregon Department of
Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) regulations pursuant to
ORS 517.780.
FINDINGS: This rule requires a determination of existing or approved land uses within the impact
area, as described above, that will be adversely effected by the proposed mining operations and to
specify the predicted conflicts. "Approved land uses" are defined as dwellings allowed by residential
zone on existing platted lots and other uses for which conditional or final approvals have been granted
by the local government. Furthermore, for the determination of conflicts, the local government is
limited to consider only those identified in (A) through (F) of this rule.
The conflicts that have been identified within the impact area, the predicted conflicts, if any, and
whether these conflicts should be considered under this rule are as follows:
1. The Walker Residence. The Walker residence is located 2,300 feet from the subject
property. The potential conflicts include dust, noise, vibrations, traffic, water draw down and quality of
life. The Walker residence would be considered a "approved land use" based upon the issuance of a
building permit by Deschutes County.
2. Coyote Well Premises (historic site). The Coyote Well is approximately 1,350 feet from the
subject property. The potential conflicts include vibrations and water draw down.
3. Pictographs. Pictographs have been identified on the Walker property and they are located
approximately 1,950 feet from the subject property. The potential conflicts would be vibrations and
dust.
4. Best Shelter. The Best Shelter has been identified as being approximately 1,775 feet from
the property. The potential conflicts would be dust, noise, traffic and vibrations.
5. U.S. Highway 20. U.S. Highway 20 does bisect the property. Potential conflicts include
dust and additional traffic.
6. Wildlife Area Combining Zone (antelope). The subject property is within the wildlife area
combining zone (antelope). Potential conflicts include the disturbance of the antelope in the area.
7. Agricultural Activities. Within the impact area, the only agricultural practices are dry land
grazing.
The following is an analysis of the conflicts with the above uses to be considered pursuant to OAR
660-023-0180(5)(b).
A. Conflicts Due to Noise, Dust or Other Discharges. The Walker residence is the only
"approved land use" within the impact area (not including Highway 20, which will be discussed below).
There is the potential for conflict due to dust and noise. There is unrefuted evidence that the decibel
levels at the Walker residence will not exceed the ambient noise level when the crusher is operating.
See Exhibit "D" U.S. Highway 20 already generates significant traffic noise. This noise will only be
marginally increased by the additional truck traffic on U.S. Highway 20.
There is no evidence that the Walker residence will be affected by any vibration. A study was
done to determine potential vibration intensities at the proposed site by Apollo Geophysics
8 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
Corporation. See Exhibit "C". The study collected data from test blasts done on site. They compared
these findings with the standard adopted in Europe, which is published maximum recommended
vibration intensity values for critical structures (historic cathedrals with national treasures) near
blasting operations. The report concluded that the proposed blasting should be well below the
European standard for vibration intensities and that the mine should be able to operate well below any
potential damaging vibration intensities with the proposed 100 pounds (or below) per delay for the
production blasting operations proposed by the Applicant. See Exhibit 'C" Arguably, vibrations are
not "other discharges" as identified under the rule.
B. Traffic Impacts. A trip generation letter and intersection analysis for the proposed site was
prepared by Ferguson & Associates dated June 21, 2004 and updated January 11, 2005. The report
concluded as follows:
"The proposed aggregate quarry was forecast to generate between 100 and 150 daily
trips and little or no p.m./peak hour traffic. A majority (90%) of the trips generated by
the project were distributed west on Highway 20 towards Bend, resulting in a forecast
of 68 trips per day in each direction on Highway 20 to the west of the study
intersection. The intersection of Highway 20 and Spencer Wells Road operates at an
acceptable level of service and volume capacity ratios for the Year 2004. With the
proposed project, ODOT mobility standards are met. No operational issues were
identified. Guidelines were not met for a left turn onto Highway 20 from Spencer Wells
Road." See Exhibit "E":
There were also comments from the Oregon Department of Transportation and the County Road
Department stating that they believe the traffic impacts on these two roads from the proposed mining
operation would be minimal. The topography in this area is generally level and the site distances do
not create a problem for the mining operation.
There was testimony from opponents expressing concerns regarding traffic safety, including
interference with safe boarding of school buses where on road shoulders where trucks move to the far
right of roads to let faster vehicles pass; impaired visibility because of dust; and conflicts with
bicyclists on the road. However, the testimony did not identify whether these impacts, if they occur,
violate ordinances or regulations pertaining to "site distances, road capacity, cross section elements,
horizontal and vertical alignment, and similar items in the transportation plan" such that they may be
evaluated pursuant to OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(8). Without some connection between the testimony
and applicable road development standards, these concerns may not be considered.
C. Bird Attractants' Conflict with Existing Airports. There are no nearby existing airports.
Therefore, no conflict exists relating to this consideration.
D. Goal 5 Resources. Testimony was presented during the hearing that identified the location of
Coyote Well and Native American pictographs, as well as the possible location of burrowing owl and
pygmy rabbit dens. However, neither of these sites or species have been included on the County's
Goal 5 Inventory, and no program has been adopted to protect them. Therefore, they may not be
considered under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(D).
The property is within a wildlife area combining zone. This area is identified on the County's
Comprehensive Plan Map as antelope range. Plans to minimize this Goal 5 resource are discussed
below.
E.
9 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
Agricultural Activities. Staff reviewed in detail the potential conflicts that occur for uses
allowed in the EFU/HR Zone in the Staff Report dated January 6, 2005. The Board concurs with the
Staff findings on these potential conflicts and; thus, excerpts from that Staff Report are incorporated
herein by reference. See Exhibit "G" Within the impact area itself, the only agricultural uses have
been very limited dry land grazing and would not be considered significant.
There was concern expressed about water. The Applicant has applied for a water right permit for a
well to be located on the property. There is no evidence that this groundwater right will in any way
impact the regional aquifer. It will not have any effect on small aquifers like the one feeding the
Coyote Well. See Letter from Oregon Water Resource Dept of 07/22/05 and E-mail from Marshall
Gannit of 08102105, Exhibit "A".
(c) The local government shall determine reasonable and practicable
measures that would minimize the conflicts identified under subsection
(b) of this section. To determine whether proposed measures would
minimize conflicts to agricultural practices, the requirements of ORS
215.296 shall be followed rather than the requirements of this section. If
reasonable and practicable measures are identified to minimize all
identified conflicts, mining shall be allowed at the site and subsection (d)
of this section is not applicable. if identified conflicts cannot be
minimized, subsection (d) of this section applies.
FINDINGS: The property also does lie within a wildlife overlay zone for antelope winter range. Gary
Hostick, a certified wildlife biologist with Ecological Services, Inc. has consulted with Steve George,
the District Biologist for the Department of Fish & Wildlife. Gary Hostick submitted a proposal
concerning mitigation for antelope range, and in particular, winter protection guidelines.
The following mitigation proposal was submitted by Gary Hostick:
"Blasting and crushing will cease during periods of severe winter weather conditions that may
force antelope with no alternative winter range into the area adjacent to the rock pit. The Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife District Biologist (ODFWDB) will monitor severe winter conditions
based on snow depth, temperature, and numbers of antelope within 2 miles of the rock pit. ODFWDB
will notify the applicant when cessation of crushing and blasting is deemed necessary by the
ODFWDB due to antelope winter range conditions. Cessation of blasting and crushing may be
necessary within 24 hrs. notice due to the nature of winter storms. The applicant may choose to
remove crushing equipment if crushing/blasting cessation is necessary, and this removal will take up
to two weeks from the date of notice of cessation." See Exhibit "8".
ODF&W has reviewed this wording and has concluded that these mitigative measures should be
sufficient to protect antelope during the winter months.
In consultation with ODF&W, three additional wildlife species were indicated: (a) burrowing owl nest
sites; (b) greater sage grouse lek sites; and, (c) pygmy rabbit den sites. Gary Hostick prepared a
document entitled "Results of a Survey for Burrowing Owl Nests Burrow, Pygmy Rabbit Den Burrows
and Greater Sage Grouse Leks on the property east of Bend, Oregon." In summary, the report
concluded that there was no conclusive evidence of any of the three subject species being found on
the project site. There was some possibility that the three burrow group observed in the den burrow
complex of a pygmy rabbit.
These three latter animal species have not been identified as being protected under Goal 5.
10 - Final Decision 414 EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
There is no significant commercial agricultural practice within the impact area or within several
thousand feet of the subject property.
The Applicant has also consulted with the Bureau of Land Management and their wildlife biologist,
Jan Hanf. This was done in conjunction with Ecological Services, Inc. She expressed some concern
about sage grouse in the area. Although, there was no finding of any sage grouse on the subject
property, Applicant agreed to restrict the access to the property to one road. Applicant would agree to
a program to prevent the introduction of any noxious weeds based on activities in the area.
A typical mining stage area is shown on the conceptual site plan and would be designed to remove
approximately 75,000 cubic yards of material at any one time. The first of these mining stages will be
located almost 3,000 feet from the part-time residence. The Applicant is proposing a 200-foot setback
along Spencer-Wells Road. Access to the site will be an asphalt access road. The only visible
features that will be shown would be a stockpile area, a small scale control building, and a well head
building. Based on the topography of the property, these will probably not even be visible from the
recreational site. Therefore, there are reasonable and practical measures that can be identified to
minimize the conflict with this recreational site.
With respect to the winter range for antelope, the Applicant is proposing the winter protection
guidelines as set forth above.
ODF&W has reviewed this wording and does not have any suggested modifications
The report prepared by Gary Hostick does not reveal any conflict with the burrowing owl, the pygmy
rabbit or the greater sage grouse.
There is going to be a natural area that will be preserved along U.S. Highway 20 that will be 600 feet
in width. There will be a 200-foot setback from Deschutes County Road No. 23 and again, a natural
area of between 100 feet to 250 feet along the south and east sides of the property. As identified
above, at any one time, there will only be one mining stage open on the property. This means that
based on a site of 385 acres, less than 10% of the acreage would be disturbed at any one time.
In further consultation with ODF&W, there were two other concerns. Those concerns were the
fencing for the project and reclamation. Fencing of the project would involve wildlife-friendly fencing
that would allow an antelope to pass under the fence with as little risk as possible. This can be done
with a three-wire, smooth-wire fence with at least 18 inches from the ground to the bottom wire.
There would be a maximum of 42 inches from the ground to the top wire.
The reclamation plan will include replanting with native grasses and shrubs. Each year the Applicant
would agree to the appropriate treating of any noxious weeks that might invade the site work. The
foregoing could be listed as conditions of approval of the site plan.
The Board further adopts by reference the Recommendations of the Hearings Officer contained on
Pages 13, 14 and 15 of her Recommendation regarding traffic impacts on identified Goal 5 resources.
See Exhibit "F"
Arguably, there are reasonable and practical measures that are identified to minimize all identified
conflicts. However, an ESEE analysis of the conflicts that have been identified follows.
(d) The local government shall determine any significant conflicts identified
under the requirements of subsection (c) of this section that cannot be
11 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
minimized. Based on these conflicts only, local government shall
determine the ESEE consequences of either allowing, limiting, or not
allowing mining at the site. Local governments shall reach this decision
by weighing these ESEE consequences, with consideration of the
following:
(A) The degree of adverse effect on existing land uses within the
impact area;
(B) Reasonable and practicable measures that could be taken to
reduce the identified adverse effects; and
(C) The probable duration of the mining operation and the proposed
post-mining use of the site.
FINDINGS: Conflicts that exist within the impact area would be noise, dust, vibrations and conflicts
with uses sensitive to those impacts. There may also be an impact on the quality and quantity of
water available for domestic and agricultural activities. However, those conflicts seem to have been
addressed by the Oregon Water Resources Department and by the USGS. There is also a conflict in
the wildlife overlay combining zone for the antelope. Finally, there are potential conflicts to
agricultural uses within the area.
Based upon the identification of these potential conflicts, the issue is determining the ESEE
(economic, social, environmental and energy) consequences of either allowing, limiting, or not
allowing mining at the site.
1. Analyze ESEE Consequences to Allow Proposed Mining.
A. Economic Consequences.
Walker Residence: Based upon the conflicts that have been identified, i.e. noise, dust
and vibration, the Walker residence is the only "approved land use" within the identified impact area
that could be impacted. The most relevant economic impact would be any reduction in property
values that would occur if the surface mining operation is allowed. This will depend in part on the
degree of adverse effect on this existing land use. There should be no impact from vibration.
With Condition 14, reasonable limitations are imposed upon the amount explosive per delay for the
production blasting operations proposed by the Applicant. The effects of the blasting will be
minimized because Condition 14 below requires the applicant to comply with the regulations adopted
by the Office of Surface Mining, U.S. Department of Interior, in order to determine the allowable
particle velocity per foot for a residence. The regulations determine what would be a safe number of
pounds of explosive per delay that can be used without the necessity of seismic monitoring device.
For instance, if the distance to the nearest structure is 2,500 feet, (which is the distance to the Coyote
Well, the closest identified structure), the 2,500 feet is divided by a scaled distance factor of 55, which
can be used without seismic monitoring. That number is then multiplied by itself and that provides the
safe amount of explosives per delay. In this instance, the mine would be permitted 2,000 pounds per
delay safely without a seismic monitoring device, assuming the distance to the nearest residence is
2,500 feet. The Applicant has indicated its standard practice is not to use more than 1,000 pounds of
explosives per delay.
With those in place, there should be no vibrations based upon the Vibration Intensity Study
12 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
performed by Apollo Geophysics Corporation. See Exhibit "C". Although the ambient noise levels
should not increase with the operation of the surface mine, it is likely that there will be noise from the
site itself. However, this is minimized by the existence of U.S. Highway 20, lying between the Walker
residence and the proposed mining operation, which will occur below grade.
Dust could also have an impact on the Walker residence. The degree of impact will
depend upon the conditions imposed on any surface mining that would occur. The Applicant has a
water right and will be able to utilize water to minimize dust, especially during crushing. There is
evidence that the Applicant has other existing crushing sites within Central Oregon and that fugitive
dust has not been an issue in the operation of those sites, even though two of them occur within
urban growth boundaries.
There is no evidence of any reduction of property values for property or residences
located within an SMIA zone in Deschutes County. At least one prior ESEE analysis cited a study
where the property tax assessor's office could not identify any reduction in value for property located
within the SMIA zone. One mitigation measure that has been identified by the Applicant is the fact
that the crushing operations will, after the first phase of mining, be located below grade. Refer to the
Technical Memorandums submitted by Kleinfelder dated August 23, 2005, Exhibit "D".
Although reclamation will be an ongoing part of the project, the mining operation will be
in place for several years.
Antelope Range: It is difficult to quantify any economic impact on the temporary loss of
antelope range within the wildlife combining zone. ODF&W has agreed to mitigation measures which
are reasonable and practical to reduce the impact. Eventually, the land will be reclaimed and restored
as viable antelope range habitat. There is going to be a natural area that will be preserved along U.S.
Highway 20 that will be 600 feet in width. There will be a 200-foot setback from Deschutes County
Road No. 23 and again a natural area of between 100 feet to 250 feet along the south and east sides
of the property. Since there will be only one mining stage open on the property at any one time, there
will be less than 10% of the entire 385 acres that will be disturbed at any one time.
U.S. Highway 20: The only economic impact that can be identified to U.S. Highway 20,
which is the other approved land use, would be increased maintenance on the Highway. However,
this will be offset by the fact that these trucks will be on some other highway in Central Oregon if this
site is not approved.
Agricultural Uses: The only agricultural uses within the impact area are very limited dry
range grazing. The subject property has not been grazed in the recent past. Within the impact area
itself, outside of the subject property, there should be no economic impact if mining is allowed since
there are no significant agricultural operations.
B. Social Consequences. Preserving this site for the production of aggregate resources could
have an impact on the quality of life on the Walker residence. Those impacts are identified above.
Such uses may be mitigated, however, through conditions of approval imposed on the operation.
These controls are imposed by county ordinance through site plan review of aggregate mining
operations. The negative social consequences of mining activities are minimal in this case since they
effect only one residence, which is located 2,300 feet from the property boundaries of the proposed
mining site and separated by U.S. Highway 20. It is unlikely that additional conflicting uses will arise
in the future, due to the zoning and public ownership of surrounding lands.
Aesthetic Values: Views from U.S. Highway 20 are not a conflict that is identified
under the Administrative Rules.
13 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
C. Energy Consequences. There should be no energy consequences in preserving this site
for the production of mineral resources on any conflicting uses within the impact area. There can be
positive energy consequences in developing a new aggregate resource site that are shorter to
ultimate utilization areas east of Bend than sites that exist, for instance, at O'Neil Junction in Crook
County.
D. Environmental Consequences.
Walker Residence: The potential impacts to the Walker residence are identified above.
Those impacts should be minimized through environmental controls placed on the mining operations
through site plan review. The mining operation will occur below grade to minimize noise and a water
right will be required to help control dust.
Wildlife Combining Zone: There are going to be environmental issues when habitat for
antelope has been reduced even if temporarily. However, mitigation measures have been identified in
cooperation with ODF&W to minimize those impacts.
U.S. Highway 20: There will be no environmental consequences to Highway 20.
Agricultural Uses: There will be no negative environmental consequences to existing
agricultural practices within the impact area.
2. Analyze ESEE Consequences to Limit the Proposed Mining.
A. Economic Consequences. The economic consequences to even limit the proposed mining
are essentially identified above. Any permit to allow surface mining is going.to be subject to the
general operation standards set forth in DCC Section 18.52.110. These include, but are not limited to
access, screening, air quality, erosion and control, streams and drainage, equipment removal, flood
plain restrictions, noise, hours of operation, drilling and blasting, extraction site size, fish and wildlife
protection, surface water management, storage of equipment, and security plans. In addition to
impacts of surface mining identified in the ESEE analysis for the specific area, the primary economic
consequences of limiting the proposed mining will be that imposed upon the Applicant. Additional
standards and controls usually result in greater initial operating costs and ongoing costs of operation.
Additional controls, however, should have positive economic impacts on the conflicts identified within
the area of impact.
B. Social Consequences. The social consequences of allowing mining have been identified
above. Again, limiting mining through site plan and the imposition of controls should help mitigate the
conflicts identified within the area of impact and in particular, the Walker residence.
C. Environmental Consequences. The environmental consequences of allowing the mining
have been identified above. Again, the imposition of additional controls should minimize
environmental consequences, which will be reviewed as part of site plan review. The environmental
consequences of allowing mining have been identified above. Imposing additional controls or limiting
mining should minimize the conflicts with measures to control noise, dust, emissions and the
protection of wildlife habitat.
D. Energy Consequences. The energy consequences of allowing mining have been identified
above. There will be shorter haul distances on routes that do not go through established urban areas.
14 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
3. Analyze ESEE Consequences to Prohibit the Proposed Mining.
A. Economic Consequences. The positive economic consequence that would occur if mining
is prohibited would be the potential positive impact on the real estate value of the Walker residence.
There would not be any other economic consequences to the other identified potential conflicting uses
within the impact area.
There could, however, be significant negative economic consequences if mining at this site is
prohibited. Applicant demonstrated that aside from the Coats pit west of Bend, most of the hard rock
aggregate is actually imported from Crook County. This includes the Hap Taylor & Sons operation at
O'Neil Junction, the Hooker Creek operation at O'Neil Junction, and the Applicant's mining operations
at O'Neil Junction and west of Alfalfa in Crook County. Both haul costs and time are significant. This
site is closer to the utilization areas in east Bend than the sites at O'Neil Junction or Alfalfa. The
operation of this site will also help preserve competition in the Central Oregon market for aggregate
resources. The site is even more significant since the sites that have been identified at Horse Ridge
are not always capable of producing ODOT quality aggregate materials.
There is a nominal economic benefit to the Walker residence, offset by significant economic
consequences that could occur at the site if mining is not allowed.
B. Environmental Consequences. If mining is prohibited, the antelope range would, of course,
be preserved. Limiting mining, however, does not preclude any activity on the property. The
environmental consequences of allowing mining appear to be minimal at this site and can be
mitigated.
C. Energy Consequences. The energy consequences of not allowing mining on this site
would eventually involve increased haul distances and/or increased time for hauling. The O'Neil
Junction area in Crook County remains a primary source of hard rock. Those haul trucks must
necessarily come through either Terrebonne, the O'Neil Junction north of Redmond and always
through the City of Redmond to utilization sites in Bend.
D. Social Consequences. The owners of the Walker residence would benefit if mining were
not allowed. The potential social consequences would also include possible loss of jobs to Crook
County in the mining industry. Negative social consequences would also include the continued
reliance on mining operations in Crook County, necessitating haul routes through established urban
areas.
4. Minimizing Conflicts.
Based upon a review of the ESEE consequences of allowing, limiting or not allowing mining on
the site, the mining should be allowed on the site, subject to certain required measures to minimize
conflicts.
(e) Where mining is allowed, the plan and implementing ordinances shall be
amended to allow such mining. Any required measures to minimize
conflicts, including special conditions and procedures regulating mining,
shall be clear and objective. Additional land use review (e.g., site plan
review), if required by the local government, shall not exceed the
minimum review necessary to assure compliance with these requirements
and shall not provide opportunities to deny mining for reasons unrelated
15 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
to these requirements, or to attach additional approval requirements,
except with regard to mining or processing activities:
(A) For which the PAPA application does not provide information
sufficient to determine clear and objective measures to resolve
identified conflicts;
(B) Not requested in the PAPA application, or
(C) For which a significant change to the type, location, or duration of
the activity shown on the PAPA application is proposed by the
operator.
In order to permit mining on the site and minimize the conflicts with on-site and surrounding
uses, the following conditions of operation are adopted, as approved by the Board on March 1, 2006:
The Applicant must meet the general operation standards set forth DCC Section 18.52.110.
See Exhibit "I"
2. The following mitigation proposals shall be imposed as a condition of approval:
a. "Blasting and crushing will cease during periods of severe winter weather conditions
that may force antelope with no alternative winter range into the area adjacent to the
rock pit.
b. The applicant will allow the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife District Biologist
(ODFWDB) onsite to monitor severe winter conditions based on snow depth,
temperature, and numbers of antelope within 2 miles of the rock pit.
C. Upon ODFWDB notification to the applicant when cessation of crushing and blasting is
deemed necessary by the ODFWDB due to antelope winter range conditions, the
application will ceaseblasting and crushing be necessary within 24 hrs. of the
ODFWDB notice
d. The applicant may choose to remove crushing equipment if crushing/blasting
cessation is necessary, and this removal will take up to two weeks from the date of
notice of cessation."
3. Any fencing of the project must be wildlife friendly fencing that would allow an antelope to
pass under the fence with as little risk as possible and must be approved by ODF&W.
a. The fencing shall be a three wire smooth wire fence or better with at least 18 inches
from the ground to the bottom wire.
b. There would be a maximum of 42 inches from the ground to the top wire.
4. The reclamation plan will include replanting with native grasses and shrubs.
a. Each year, the Applicant must treat any noxious weeds that might invade the site
work.
b. The Applicant must work with the Deschutes County Weed Board and adhere to the
Weed Board's requirements for eradication of noxious weeds.
5. A 600-foot setback shall be maintained along U.S. Highway 20, the entire length of the project.
a. All mining activities shall be set back 200-foot from Deschutes County Road No. 23.
b. A natural area and buffer of between 100 foot and 250 feet shall be maintained along
the south and east sides of the property.
16 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION.doc
6. All access roads into the property shall be asphalt, and all internal roads shall be paved up to
the mining site.
7. Any structures on the property shall be limited to a truck scale, scale control building and well
head building.
8. Prior to any mining activities, the applicant shall acquire a water right to provide a pond and
water storage, with a pump, to provide for dust control during the excavation and processing
of materials on-site, and the water shall be used to provide dust control during the excavation
and processing of materials.
9. Beginning with the second stage of mining, the on-site crushing shall occur below grade.
10. Any berms to be located on the property shall:
a. not exceed 15 feet in height,
b. shall be used to store material for future reclamation, and
c. shall be sprinkled with water to reduce dust.
11. Any utility lines on the property shall be underground utility lines.
12. No mining or excavation shall occur within the designated flood plain unless otherwise
approved through a conditional use permit process.
13. The property will be reclaimed in its natural state in accordance with an operating and
reclamation plan to be approved by DOGAMI. See Exhibit W"..
14. Applicant shall comply with the regulations adopted by the Office of Surface Mining, U.S.
Department of Interior, in order to determine the allowable particle velocity per foot for a
residence.
a. In addition, the Applicant's first shots will be kept small and monitored with a seismic
device that reads particle velocity per foot.
b. The Applicant will place the monitoring device off of the 4-R property line adjacent to
U.S. Highway 20.
C. Once Applicant has the seismic information on the initial blast, Applicant can adjust the
blasts accordingly to insure that Applicant stays within these standards.
15. All lighting on the property shall conform to the lighting codes of the County and such
lighting must be contained on the property.
16. Applicant shall restrict the access to the property to one road.
17 - Final Decision 4R EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION (2).doc
IV. CONCLUSION: The Board hereby approves the plan amendment and zone change in File
No. PA-04-8 and ZC-04-6, subject to the conditions of operation set forth above in Section 4.
Minimizing Conflicts.
DATED this ~ day of , 2006.
Dated this of , 2006
ATTEST:
( / tq-km-~
Recording Secretary
:BOARD OF OUNTY COMMISSIONERS
D NNIS R. LUK , C AIR
BEV CLARNO, COMMISSIONER
A L A. D LY, CO ISSIONER
18 - Final Decision 413 EQUIPMENT PA-ZC DECISION (2).doc
Community Development Department
n ` Planning Division Building Safety Division Environmental Health Division
117 NW Lafayette Avenue Bend Oregon 97701-1925
(541)388-6575 FAX (541)385-1764
MEMORANDUM http://www.co.deschutes.or.us/cdd/
DATE: July 20, 2005
TO: Board of County Commissioners
FROM: Paul Blikstad, Associate Planner
RE: Public hearing on the proposed plan amendment/zone change for a surface mine
in the Millican Valley area for 4-R Equipment, LLC.
APPLICATION INFORMATION:
4-R Equipment (Ron Robinson) has applied for a plan amendment and zone change on
approximately 365 acres from Exclusive Farm Use - Horse Ridge subzone (EFU-HR) to
Surface Mining (SM). The property also has a Wildlife Area (WA) combining zone, designated
as antelope habitat, and is also partially in the Landscape Management (LM) combining zone
associated with Highway 20 East. A portion of the property is also zoned Flood Plain (FP) in the
area described as "dry river" on the Flood Insurance Rate Map. The property is mostly
surrounded by land under the administation of the Bureau of Land Management, with four
privately-owned parcels adjacent to the subject 365 acres.
The subject property is located at the intersection of Highway 20 East and Spencer Wells Road
in the Millican Valley area, below Pine Mountain. The proposed surface mine is located on the
south side of Highway 20 just after cresting the top of Horse Ridge heading east on Highway 20.
The site is approximately three miles west of the Millican rural commercial area.
The applicant is requesting an amendment to the County Comprehensive Plan to include the
subject property in the County's inventory of mineral and aggregate resources, and to rezone
the property for surface mining. According to the applicant's burden of proof statement and
exhibits (including a geotechnical report), the property has approximately 17 million cubic yards
of rock (basalt) which is identified as exceeding ODOT's standards for highway construction
aggregate.
The following mining activities were proposed on the site: blasting, excavation, sorting, crushing
and stockpiling.
APPLICATION PROCESS TO DATE:
These applications were referred to the County Hearings Officer for a public hearing. Two
public hearings on the applications were held, one on February 15, 2005, and the second on
April 20, 2005.
Board Memo
File Nos. PA-04-8/ZC-04-6
Page 1 of 5
Quality Services Performed with Pride
The Hearings Officer's written recommendation was mailed out on June 2, 2005. Section
22.28.030(C) of Title 22 of the Deschutes County Code specifies that an application for a plan
amendment (with the associated zone change) that requires an exception to the Statewide
Planning Goals or concerning lands designated forest or agricultural use, shall be heard de
novo by the County Commissioners without the necessity of filing an appeal, regardless of the
determination of the Hearings Officer. Consequently, the Board is required to conduct a hearing
on these applications, and make a decision on whether or not to approve them. A public
hearing before the Board is scheduled for Tuesday, August 23, 2005 at 9:00 a.m.
ISSUES BEFORE THE HEARINGS OFFICER:
The two public hearings before the Hearings Officer included much testimony from property
owners in the area. The primary issues brought up in the hearing are as follows:
Concerns regarding blasting and crushing of basalt (primarily blasting) and those
impacts on the Native American pictographs located in a small canyon north of the
proposed mining site, on the Walker property. Additionally, there is an old well (referred
to as Coyote Well) used for many years on the same property. Neither of these sites are
currently on the County's historic resources inventory.
Concerns regarding noise, dust and vibration from the mining, and the potential for water
drawdown from use of underground water for the mining operation, which might impact
the current residential use (Walker residence and Evans Well Ranch) of nearby property,
as well as any future residence,
Concerns regarding dust from the mining operation and interference with the Pine
Mountain Observatory operation, specifically the use of the existing telescopes at the
observatory. The prevailing winds in this area (from the northwest) might put a
significant amount of dust in direct conflict with the observatory.
Concerns regarding off-road vehicle use on adjacent public land which might be
impacted by the dust and noise created from the mining operation.
Concerns regarding Impacts to wildlife in the area (antelope, sage grouse, other smaller
animals), especially the loss of habitat through the mining operations.
Concerns regarding quality of life issues with respect to adjacent properties and uses.
Concerns regarding the traffic impacts from the mining operations, specifically on
Highway 20.
HEARINGS OFFICER'S RECOMMENDATION:
The Hearings Officer's written recommendation was mailed out on June 2, 2005. A copy of her
recommendation is attached to this memo. Significant findings from that recommendation are
summarized below:
She found that under Oregon Administrative Rules 660-0023-0180 that the site contains
a significant aggregate resource (approximately 17 million cubic yards of aggregate
material). The Hearings Officer found that the "impact area" for the proposed mining site
Board Memo
File Nos. PA-04-8/ZC-04-6
Page 2 of 5
far exceeds the 1,500 foot standard under OAR 660-0023-0180(5)(a), and includes uses
as far away as the Pine Mountain Observatory (approximately 6.5 miles to the
southeast).
She found that the proposed surface mine will create noise, dust and vibration impacts
that will conflict with residential uses within the impact area, as well as that dust will
affect the operations of the Pine Mountain Observatory and the use of the ORV trails.
Additionally, the Hearings Officer found that the applicant did not provide sufficient
evidence to support a conclusion that the proposed minimization efforts will (1) limit
noise; (2) minimize dust; and (3) protect surrounding properties from vibration damage.
And lastly, the Hearings Officer found that there is insufficient evidence in the record to
address (1) whether the proposed mining activities will affect the valley water supply
and/or convert agricultural land to other uses; (2) if the water supply is affected, whether
the impact would violate the ORS 215.296(1) standard; or (3) what minimization efforts
the applicant proposes to address these concerns.
Based on these findings, the Hearings Officer found on page 19 of the written recommendation
the following:
"Based on the preliminary findings adopted above, the Hearings Officer concludes (1)
that only the approval criteria set forth in OAR 660-023-0180 apply to an application to
permit mining activity on the subject property; (2) that there is insufficient evidence to
approve the application, as the applicant has not identified minimization measures that
may avoid or minimize conflicts to the extent that they do not have to be considered in
an ESEE analysis conducted pursuant to OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d); and (3) the applicant
has not submitted an ESEE analysis to address the identified conflicts.
An ESEE (Economic, Social, Environmental and Energy consequences) analysis of the
proposed use is required in deciding whether to allow, limit or prohibit a conflicting use (in this
case a use that may conflict with the proposed mining operation). This type of analysis is
required under Oregon Administrative Rules 660-023-0040 and 660-023-0180(5)(d).
The Hearings Officer found that she cannot recommend approval of the proposed changes
based on a lack of evidence and submittals by the applicant.
BOARD ACTION:
The Board will need to make a decision on the applicant's proposal. As stated above, the
applicant has waived the 180-day review period established in the OAR's.
The aggregate resource on this site has been determined to be significant by the Hearings
Officer under OAR 660-023-0180(3). The Board will need to confirm the Hearings Officer's
findings of significance. If the resource is determined to be significant, it is required to be placed
on the County's aggregate and mineral resource inventory in the County Comprehensive Plan.
The Hearings Officer also determined that the impact area for the proposed site varies (see
findings on pages 9-10 of the Hearings Officer's recommendation) based on the existing uses in
the surrounding area. The Board will need to determine whether the Hearings Officer's identifed
impact area is appropriate.
Board Memo
File Nos. PA-04-8/ZC-04-6
Page 3 of 5
The Hearings Officer found that the applicant has not provided enough information/evidence to
determine that the noise, dust and vibration impacts, as well as impacts on agricultural
practices, can be minimized (as required under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c)). The Administrative
Rule requires that the measures specified by the local government to minimize the identified
conflicts must be "reasonable and practical." Staff believes that the applicant must provide
additional information/evidence as to how the mining impacts can be minimized, and the Board
will need to determine whether the measures proposed by the applicant are reasonable and
practical. If the Board determines that the applicant's proposed minimization measures are
appropriate and will minimize all the identified conflicts, mining is allowed at the site and no
ESEE analysis is required (see OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c)).
Because the Hearings Officer could not find that all the identified impacts were minimized, she
determined that an ESEE analysis is required by OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) to make the
appropriate findings to allow mining. If the applicant cannot provide the information/evidence to
support findings by the Board that the impacts can be minimized, the applicant must submit a
detailed ESEE analysis of the identifed conflicts, as prescribed under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d).
OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) states that: "The local government shall determine any significant
conflicts identified under the requirements of subsection (c) of this section that cannot be
minimized. Based on these conflicts only, local government shall determine the ESEE
consequences of either allowing, limiting, or not allowing mining at the site." Staff believes that
this language, along with subsection (5)(e), gives the Board discretion whether to allow mining
at this site.
Included within the ESEE analysis is a program to achieve the goal (whether to allow, limit or
prohibit identified conflicting uses to the mining site). The standards specified for achieving the
goal in this analysis could have an impact on the existing uses within the Hearings Officer's
prescribed "impact area." The ESEE analysis would have to be adopted by the Board as part of
the surface mining element of the County Comprehensive Plan.
If the resource at the site is determined to be significant, the Plan Amendment must be
approved to place the proposed site on the County's mineral and aggregate resource inventory.
This will not necessarily allow any mining of the resource, but will allow the resource to be
protected.
If the Board finds that the identified impacts are minimized, or adopts an ESEE consequences
determination to allow mining, the site will be zoned for surface mining as part of the zone
change request. If the zone change is approved, the applicant would be required at some future
date to apply for site plan review to initiate surface mining under Chapter 18.52 of Title 18 of the
Deschutes County Code.
THE FILE:
The existing file for the proposed plan amendment/zone change request contains several
hundred pages, including several letters of opposition. Tammie Walker, who has a home near
the proposed mine, submitted the most letters and exhibits. See the attached exhibit list.
The exhibits submitted by the opponents are all directed at the issues listed above. As you can
gather from the issues, this is a contentious matter, and one that may be appealed to LUBA
Board Memo
File Nos. PA-04-8/ZC-04-6
Page 4 of 5
either way. The applicant has waived the required 180-day review period on these applications,
so there is no specific time constraint on making a decision.
I am submitting for your review a copy of the Hearings Officer's recommendation, Oregon
Administrative Rules 660-023-0180, Mineral and Aggregate Resources, and the list of exhibits
for the file. Feel free to contact me at your convenience for any questions on this matter.
Board Memo
File Nos. PA-04-8/ZC-04-6
Page 5 of 5
April 17, 2008
RECEIVED
BY.. ( 14M
APR 1 7 2008
Neil R. Bryant HAND DELIVERED
Robert S. Lovhen ®ELIVr-RED BY.
Lynn F. Jarvis PAUL BLIKSTAD 4• G~
John A. Berge DESCHUTES COUNTY COMM.
Sharon R. Smith DEVELOPMENT DEPT.
John D. Sorlie 117 NW LAFAYETTE AVE.
Mark G. Reinecke BEND, OR 97701
Melissa P. Lande
Kitri C. Ford
Paul J. Taylor Re: Tammera & Clay Walker vs. Deschutes County and 4-R Equipment, LLC
Christopher A. Bagley LUBA No.: 2007-013/Remand Hearing
Kyle D. Wuepper
Jeremy M. Green Dear Paul:
Kelly L. Schukart
Helen L. Eastwood Enclosed please find a Memorandum on the issues on remand in the above-
captioned matter, together with Exhibits supporting proposed findings of fact.
BEND The Applicant would reserve the right to submit additional evidence at the time
591 S.W. Mill View Way of the remand hearing.
Mail: P.O. Box 880
Bend, Oregon 97709 We now respectfully request that the remand hearing be set at your earliest
Phone: (541) 382-4331 possible convenience. As always, we appreciate your cooperation in this
Fax: (541) 389-3386 matter.
WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM Very truly yours,
ROBERT S. LOVLIEN
RSL/alk
Encl.
cc: 4-R Equipment, LLC
Douglas DuPriest
6829-076 101.doc
ISSUES ON REMAND
In the case of Walker vs. Deschutes County and 4-R Equipment, LLC, L UBA No.
2007-013, LUBA sustained all or part of the second, sixth, eighth, ninth and twelfth
assignments of error and denied the remainder of the assignments of error alleged by the
Petitioners. The eleventh assignment of error has not been resolved. The issue there is
whether or not the County is required to adopt amended or additional findings under its
ESEE Analysis for purposes of OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d).
LUBA directed that the County must conduct additional proceedings that "may if
the County deems it necessary, include introduction of new evidence and adopt amended
or additional findings addressing the remanded issues."
The purpose of this Memorandum is to identify those assignments of error that
were sustained, and to identify evidence in the record, as well as additional new evidence,
that supports amended or additional findings addressing the remanded issues. The
Memorandum will also address whether amended or additional findings are required
under the ESEE Analysis required by OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d).
1. She Grouse. The Commissioners had declined to expand the impact area
to include a sage grouse lec located near the subject property. The Commissioners
concluded that since the mining site is outside of the SBM (sensitive bird and mammal)
Combining Zone, and that the sage grouse site was protected by the SBM Combining
Zone, that the site did not represent a significant potential conflict requiring the
expansion of the impact area. However, LUBA, in its Decision, found as follows:
"According to Petitioners, sage grouse use of the lecs is dependent upon flight
patterns that cross over or near the subject property, and `factual information in
the record indicates that the mining activity may disrupt those flight patterns,
A~I'ONT, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
- Issues on Remand 6829-076 30(T.dA
RNEYS AT LAW, ESTABUSHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
which in turn may disrupt use of the lees. Absent a more focused response from
the County or Intervenor, we agree with the Petitioners that the County's findings
are inadequate to explain why the County can reasonably rely on the SBM Zone
to conclude that there will be no `significant potential conflicts' with the lees and
thus decline to expand the impact area to include them."'
In response to this finding, the Intervenor requested that Gary Hostick, a certified
wildlife biologist, review the evidence that is in the record. Mr. Hostick's report is
attached hereto as Exhibit "1" and incorporated herein by reference.
Reference is made to a map, which showed sage grouse movement patterns,
through radio-marked bird locations from 1991 to 1993. He concludes that it would be
erroneous to deduce that a bird flew directly through the planned rock pit area. The
schematic map was meant to show well known grouse behavior when female sage grouse
move between nest areas and lees during the nesting season, and not to indicate flight
paths or patterns.
He also references the consultation that the Intervenor had both with the U.S.
Bureau of Land Management and the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife before the
Application was submitted to Deschutes County. He also makes reference to the SBM
Zone and the process by which it was adopted.
It is also instructive to set out the purpose clause of the Sensitive Bird and
Mammal Habitat Combining Zone, DCC 18.90.010.
"The purpose of the Sensitive Bird and Mammal Combining Zone is to insure that
sensitive habitat areas identified in the County's Goal 5 sensitive bird and
mammal inventory as critical for the survival of the northern bald eagle, great
blue heron, gold eagle, prairie falcon, osprey, great grey owl, sage grouse and
Townsend's big-eared bat are protected from the effect of the conflicting uses or
activities which hare not subject to eh Forest Practices Act. This object shall be
achieved by implementation of the decision resulting from the economic, social,
environmental and energy analysis (ESEE) for each inventoried sensitive habitat
area."
2 - Issues on Remand 6829-076 3( do ANT, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
tCTTORNEYS AT LAW, EMBUSHED 1915
591 SW MID View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
Furthermore, the sensitive habitat area is site-specific for each sensitive bird or
mammal location. The sensitive area to be protected for the sage grouse lec is a radius of
1,320 feet.
PROPOSED FINDING: The Board readopts its previous finding wherein it
declined to expand the impact area to include a sage grouse site (lect) listed as Site
No. DE0999-01 on the County's wildlife inventory.
In addition, the map known as "Figure 12. Sage Grouse Movement Patterns
Identified Through Radio-Marked Bird Locations, Prineville District, BLM, 1991 to
1993" does not necessarily mean that a sage grouse has flown directly through the
planned rock pit area. The map only indicates that a sage grouse was located both
at the lee and at Broadman Rim. The bird may have actually taken a different
flight path or moved between two locations via a combination of flights. The
schematic map is meant to show known grouse behavior and not to indicate flights
paths.
Furthermore, the Applicant did consult with the BLM and ODF&W prior to
submittal of the Application. In addition, Applicant performed a survey of habitat
in the rock pit area to discover any additional strut sites or evidence of nesting sites.
The County has not received any additional comments from BLM or ODF&W.
Finally, the SBM Habitat Combining Zone is designed to protect known
sensitive bird sites, including sage grouse lects. It has been determined that a
sensitive habitat area would be within a radius of 1,320 feet of a known sage grouse
lect. The subject property is not within 1,320 feet of any known sage grouse lee.
2. Evans Well Ranch. The Petitioners cited testimony from the owners of the
Evans Wells Ranch that their BLM grazing allotment is within the one-half mile impact
area, and that blasting and other impacts of the proposed mining could cause cattle on
that allotment to abandon that pasture and instead graze more heavily on privately owned
pastures on the ranch itself, outside the impact area. Petitioners speculated that if mining
operations impacted sensitive grouse populations, BLM could restrict grazing on the
ranchers' allotments in the area. LUBA concluded as follows:
* * in view of the above-noted testimony, that the proposed mining will
conflict with nearly cattle operations, the county must explain in its findings why
3 - Issues on Remand 6829-076 3(J6.dANT, LOVLIEN AB JARVIS, PC
(Agj mEYS AT LAW, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BWLAWYERS.COM
it believes, despite that testimony, that the proposed mining will not result in
`significant potential conflicts' with respect to the Evans Wells Ranch."
The Evans Wells Ranch (Nash) grazing allotment on BLM land consists of
22,285 acres. The allotment all lies west of Spencer Wells Road and south of U.S.
Highway 20. A copy of the location of the grazing allotment is attached hereto as Exhibit
"2" and incorporated herein by reference. It is the practice of the BLM to assign a time
of year and length of time for each pasture within the grazing allotment.
One 40-acre portion of the 22,285-acre grazing allotment does abut the southwest
corner of the proposed mining site. The proposed mining site will be fenced, prohibiting
grazing cattle from entering into the site itself. The abutting 40-acre portion of the
grazing allotment amounts to only less than one percent (I%) of the total grazing
allotment for Evans Wells Ranch. More than 22,245 acres of the grazing allotment lie
outside of the impact area.
Both site visits and aerial photographs confirm that there are no irrigated pastures
within three (3) miles of the subject property. The 40-acre parcel of the grazing pasture
that abuts the subject property is actually bordered on three sides by private property.
Although the testimony of the Applicant may be anecdotal, the Applicant does operate a
similar mining site east of Alfalfa. The property is surrounded by a BLM grazing
allotment owned by Wayne Singhose. Mr. Singhose has a key to the Alfalfa mining site,
allowing his cattle to use the water impound, if necessary. He also uses the scale to
weigh hay that he hauls from his ranch.
PROPOSED FINDING: The Evans Wells Ranch (Nash) BLM Grazining
Allotment consists of 22,285 acres. The grazing allotment lies west of Spencer Wells
Road and south of Highway 20. There is an isolated 40-acre portion of the grazing
allotment that abuts the subject property. However, the subject property will be
fenced. It will maintain a 200-foot setback from Spencer Wells Road. This amounts
4 -Issues on Remand 6829-076 3&R ANT, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
~A~II'ORNEYS A7 LAw, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
to less than one percent (1%) of the entire BLM grazing allotment. There is no
evidence of any irrigated pastures within three miles of the subject property.
Lastly, the 40-acre parcel is also surrounded on three sides by private property.
Based upon the size of the Evans Wells Ranch BLM grazing allotment and location
of the grazing allotment, the Board concludes that the proposed mining would not
result in a "significant potential conflict" with respect to the Evans Wells Ranch
grazing allotment and the operation of the ranch.
3. Religious and Cultural Visits. The Petitioners, in their assignment of
error, cited testimony that the area around the pictograms on the Walker property include
numerous burial sites and that tribal members visit the area to conduct religious and
cultural ceremonies honoring their ancestors. In response to this testimony, LUBA found
as follows:
"A tribal cultural resource protection specialist stated that the proposed mining
operations would destroy and area that demands quiet for tribal members that visit
for religious and cultural purposes. Absent some response from the Intervenor or
the County on this issue, we agree with the Petitioners that remand is necessary
for the County to evaluate whether such visits are `existing uses for purposes of
OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) and if so, to evaluate alleged conflicts with those
uses.
There was no evidence that there was an ongoing practice of tribal members
visiting the pictograms for religious or cultural purposes. The pictograms themselves are
located within 500 feet of U.S. Highway 20, which is an east/west highway across the
State of Oregon. The pictograms are located north of U.S. Highway 20 across the
highway from the proposed mining site. Furthermore, the pictograms are 3,044 feet from
the nearest point that mining would occur on the subject property.
There is no evidence that any activity on the mining site would be any greater
than the highway noise and vibrations generated on U.S. Highway 20 on a daily basis.
PROPOSED FINDING: There has been no evidence presented that tribal
members have been visiting the pictograms on a regular basis for religious and
cultural purposes. The Board does not find that such visits are therefore "existing
uses" for purposes of OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A). Furthermore, the activities that
5 -Issues On Remand 6829-076 300.4/A~,N,,~T, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
Y4I VRNEYS AT LAW, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
would occur on the proposed surface mining site will not generate any more noise or
disturbances than already exist with the presence of U.S. Highway 20.
4. Coyote Well. Petitioners argued that the County failed to evaluate whether
vibrations from blasting would impact the Coyote Well structure. LUBA concluded that
remand was necessary so the County could adopt findings to address this issue.
In response to this assignment of error, the Applicant contracted with Kleinfelder,
Inc. to analyze the vibrations from blasting operations at the proposed mining site. The
purpose of the review was to assess potential blasting vibrations and impact in response
to structures and historical artifacts, as identified in the LUBA Decision.
A Technical Memorandum was prepared by William C.B. Gates, Ph.D., P.E.,
C.E.G. and R. Scott Wallace, R.G., both of Kleinfelder West, Inc. dated January 4, 2008.
Said Memorandum is attached hereto as Exhibit "Y and incorporated herein by
reference. The Memorandum concluded as follows:
"Based on our analysis and that of Apollo Geophysics Corporation, the proposed
blasting plan scenario and the proposed operations for Spencer Well Pit,
damaging vibrations generated from blasting is unlikely to impact structures on
the Walker Property, Coyote Well, Pictographs, Best Shelter and the Evans Well
Ranch. Vibrations, reported as peak particle velocity (PPV) at full build out are
expected to be less than 0.2 inches per second at the Coyote Well. Similarly,
vibration displacement of rock as a result of blasting vibrations is expected to be
less than 0.005 inches at the Coyote Well. Ground vibrations are expected to be
within safe limits established by the Office of Surface Mining (Siskind, et al.,
1980). Monitoring points at key areas around the perimeter of the mine site are
recommended to monitor vibrations during blasting operations."
PROPOSED FINDING: Based upon the Technical Memorandum prepared
by Kleinfelder West, Inc. the Board concludes that vibrations from blasting should
not impact the Coyote Wells structure. However, monitoring points at key areas
around the perimeter of the mine site will be required to monitor vibrations during
blasting operations to be sure that ground vibrations are within the safe limits
established by the Office of Surface Mining.
6 - Issues on Remand 6829-076 3 B YA(~NT, LLIEN & JARVIS, PC
`aS1 1 VRNEYS ATOV LAW, FSTABLLSHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
5. Best Shelter. The County did identify dust, noise, traffic and vibrations as
potential conflicts around the Best Shelter. This is a structure located on private property
approximately 1,775 feet from the subject property. Petitioners argue that the County
failed to evaluate those potential impacts and either mitigate the impacts or address them
under the ESEE Analysis. They concluded that the Intervenor did not cite any findings
that addressed conflicts with the shelter or explain why such conflicts need not be
addressed.
There is a structure that has been identified as the "Best Shelter" located on
private property approximately 1,775 feet from the subject property. It would not be
accurate to identify this as a "historic structure".
A picture of the structure is attached hereto as Exhibit "4" and incorporated herein
by reference. There is some evidence of human occupancy, but that seems to occur on a
very sporadic basis. The structure itself has been built without the issuance of any
building permits. It is not occupied full-time. The Applicant and its representatives
have never seen anyone at the shelter itself. Based upon the location of the shelter, the
impact of increased traffic on Spencer Wells Road would be of no greater impact than the
existing traffic on U.S. Highway 20. Based upon the evaluation done by Kleinfelder
West, Inc. to identify potential blasting vibrations, Applicant has no reason to believe that
vibrations would be an issue for the existing structure. Vibrations generated from the
subject property would be no greater than noise already generated by U.S. Highway 20.
There is no evidence of any agricultural use on the property upon which the Best Shelter
is located.
PROPOSED FINDING: Based upon the Technical Memorandum dated
January 4, 2008 from Kleinfelder West, Inc., the vibrations from blasting operations
7 - ISSUeS on Remand 6829-076 3O%R ANT, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
9.~TORNEYS AT LAw, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 3824331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
should not be a conflict with the Best Shelter. The Best Shelter has been built
without any permits. There is no evidence of permanent or regular human
occupancy of the Best Shelter. Based upon the location of the Best Shelter, the
projected noise from the subject property would be no greater than the noise
already generated by U.S. Highway 20. This even takes into account the increase of
traffic on Spencer Wells Road from the mine itself. Finally, there is no evidence
that there will be any more dust generated from the subject property than is already
generated from the operation of off road vehicles in the Millican Valley.
6. Whether the Mining Pit Itself will Dewater Nearby Shallow Perched
Aquifers. Petitioners made the argument whether the mining pit itself could dewater
nearby shallow perched aquifers. LUBA agreed that the County did not evaluate the
concern of whether the mining pits itself might impact shallow perched aquifers.
In response to this assignment of error, Applicant contracted with Kleinfelder
West, Inc. A Memorandum was prepared January 14, 2008 by William Gates, Ph.D.,
P.E., C.E.G. and R. Scott Wallace, R.G. Said Memorandum is attached hereto as Exhibit
"5" and incorporated herein by reference. They conducted a hydrogeologic review of the
northwestern portion of the Millican Basin and the proposed Spencer Wells Pit/Quarry
area. They concluded as follows:
"Based on our hydrogeologic evaluation, the proposed Spencer Wells Pit appears
unlikely to adversely impact water quality or water levels within shallow, perched
aquifers and hydrogeologic continuity with Coyote Well or the intermittent
drainage (dry river) which serves an outlet for surface water run off within the
Millican Valley."
PROPOSED FINDING: Based upon the Memorandum prepared by
Kleinfelder West, Inc., the County concludes that the Spencer Wells Pit
would not adversely impact water quality or water levels within shallow
perched aquifers and hydrogeologic continuity with Coyote Well or the
intermittent drainage (dry river) that serves an outlet for surface water run
off within the Millican Valley.
7. Impact of Blasting Generated Dust on Walker Residence. The Petitioners
argued that the County's decision did not evaluate dust from blasting, that blasting
8 -Issues on Remand 6829-076 3&R ANT, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
Q+SToRNEYS AT LAW, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 3824331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
generates significant amounts of dust, and that water cannot be used to control dust from
blasting, and that the comparison sites the County referred to in its Decision did not
involve excavation and blasting. LUBA concluded as follows:
"It may be, as Petitioners suggest, that there are no reasonable and practicable
measures to minimize or reduce adverse impacts on the Walker residence caused
by blasting generated dust, in which case the ESEE Analysis must consider those
impacts in weighing whether to allow, limit, or prohibit mining. However, the
County's ESEE findings on this point apparently did not consider or evaluate that
source of dust."
Although not directly on point, Kleinfelder West, Inc. did conclude in its analysis
of vibrations from blasting operations at the proposed Spencer Wells Pit dated January 4,
2008, that fly rock (rock ejected from the blast site), was not anticipated based upon the
typical blasting design and drilling patterns to be utilized by the Applicant.
The Applicant disagrees that there are no reasonable and practical measures to
minimize or reduce adverse impacts on the Walker residence caused by blasting
generated dust. Blasting does not occur very often. There will be blasting generated
dust. However, the way to minimize or even eliminate blasting generated dust on the
Walker residence is to conduct blasting when the wind directions are blowing away from
the Walker residence. The Applicant has testified that blasting activities generally occur
during the winter months when there is manpower availability in the construction
business. The Applicant therefore contracted with Kleinfelder West, Inc. to monitor and
record wind speed and direction for the proposed site. Anemometer data was
downloaded on a monthly basis beginning November 19, 2007 through December 26,
2007. The results of these preliminary studies indicated that 62.6% of the time the wind
was blowing from a westerly direction to the east. See Exhibit "6". 37% of the time the
9 -Issues on Remand 6829-076 30U.dANT, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
]Ar, DRNEYS AT LAW, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
wind was blowing from the east to the west. In both instances, the wind would be
blowing away from the Walker residence.
PROPOSING FINDING: The County concludes that there will be blasting
generated dust generated by the mining operation. However, there are reasonable
and practical measures to minimize and/or reduce adverse impacts on the Walker
residence. Any blasting operations that occur on the site will occur when the wind is
blowing away from the Walker residence. The Aneometer monitoring activities, as
reported by Kleinfelder, indicate that a significant portion of the time during the
winter months those prevailing winds are blowing away from the Walker residence.
8. Conflicts with Agricultural Uses. OAR 660-023-018(5)(b)(E) requires the
County to consider "conflicts with agricultural uses". OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c) provides
that minimizing identified conflicts with agricultural practices means conforming to the
requirements of ORS 215.296. This would require findings on whether the proposed use
would force a significant change in or significantly increase the cost of agricultural
practices on nearby lands. LUBA found that the rule is not concerned with the relative
significance of the agricultural use. The County's decision must address ORS 215.296 to
determine whether there are proposed measures to minimize conflicts to agricultural
practices under this statute.
The impact area has been identified as an area within one-half mile of the
property line of the subject property.
There is no evidence of any dry land grazing or other agricultural uses on any
property lying north of U.S. Highway 20 within one-half mile of the subject property.
There is no evidence of any dry land grazing or other agricultural uses within one-half
mile of the subject property to the east or to the immediate south of the property. The
surrounding property is all undisturbed sagebrush with the exception of off road vehicle
recreational uses.
10 - Issues on Remand 6829-076 W9R'N LOVLIEFS AB JARVIS, PC
NEYS AT LAW, FSTABL1StIED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 3824331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
The property that lies within one-half mile to the west of the subject property that
is in private ownership. It also has no evidence of dry land grazing or other agricultural
uses.
There is an adjacent 40-acre parcel to the west and additional properties
administered by the BLM lying south and west of the subject property, that are part of the
Evans Wells Ranch (Nash) BLM Grazing Allotment. The Evans Wells Ranch Grazing
Allotment on BLM lands consists of 22,285 acres. The allotment all lies west of Spencer
Wells Road and south of U.S. Highway 20. A copy of the location of the grazing
allotment has been attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference. The BLM
assigns a time of year and length of time for each pasture within the grazing allotment.
Of that portion of the grazing allotment that lies within the impact area, that
portion of the grazing allotment amounts to only one percent (1%) of the total 22,285-
acre grazing allotment for the Evans Wells Ranch.
The grazing allotment is separated from the subject property by Spencer Wells
Road. The subject property will be fenced, which will keep livestock from entering the
subject property itself from the adjacent grazing allotment. There will also be a 200-foot
buffer that will be provided throughout the life of the project. There is no evidence of
any sources of water on the grazing allotment within the buffer area.
Therefore, within the impact area, there is only evidence of a portion of a BLM
grazing allotment. The allotment is only used for the dry land grazing of cattle. The
proposed use will not force a significant change in accepted farm practices or
significantly impact or increase the cost of accepted farm practices in the area.
PROPOSED FINDING: Within the impact area, the only agricultural uses
that exist are the Evans Wells Ranch (Nash) BLM Grazing Allotment. The
11 -Issues on Remand 6829-076 ~T, LOVLIEN & JARVIS, PC
RNEYS AT LAW, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BULAWYERS.COM
allotment itself consists of 22,285 acres. The portion of the allotment within the
impact area amounts to less than one percent (1%) of the entire BLM grazing
allotment. The only agricultural use of the land within the impact area is this dry
land grazing allotment. There are no identified water sources within this portion of
the BLM allotment. The use provides for a 200-foot buffer adjacent to the BLM
allotment. The proposed use will be fenced. The proposed use is separated from the
BLM allotment by the Spencer Wells Road, also. The proposed use will not force a
significant change in accepted farming practices in the area. The proposed use will
not significantly increase the cost of these accepted farm practices. The existing
Spencer Wells Road and the buffering would minimize any conflicts to these
agricultural practices.
9. ESEE Analysis. Based upon the additional evidence submitted by the
Applicant, the Petitioners would propose that two additional conditions be attached to the
approval. Based upon the Technical Memorandum prepared by William C.B. Gates,
Ph.D., P.E., C.E.G. of Kleinfelder West, Inc. dated January 4, 2008, which is attached
hereto as Exhibit "T', Petitioners would propose monitoring points at key areas around
the mine site be required to monitor vibrations during blasting operations to insure that
ground vibrations are within the safe limits established by the Office of Surface Mining.
Next, based upon the anemometer data collected by Kleinfelder, blasting will
occur only when the wind is blowing away from the Walker residence.
12 - Issues on Remand 6829-076 MYR LOVLIEN AB JARVIS, PC
~6RNEYB AT LAW, ESTABLISHED 1915
591 SW Mill View Way PO Box 880 Bend, Oregon 97709-0880 (541) 382-4331 fax (541) 389-3386 WWW.BLJLAWYERS.COM
Tyler Saunders
Jack Robinson and Sons Construction
PO Box 5006
Bend, OR 97701
Oct. 20, 2007
Dear Mr. Saunders:
This letter is in reply to your request for information to address concerns recorded during a
hearing for your planned rock pit near Millican, Oregon.
I would like to respond to the following concerns from the record that you gave me:
1. "...the subject property is located on or near flight paths between the lek and nearby
nesting sites, and noise and dust from the mine may disrupt sage grouse flight '
patterns." (Attachment 1, lines 1,2 and 3.) Basis for this concern was a map known as
"Fig. 12. Sage Grouse Movement Patterns identified through radio marked bird
locations, Prineville District, BLM, 1991 to 1993. " (Attachment 2.)
2. "Petitioners also cite to testimony that sage grouse are highly sensitive to disturbance."
(Attachment 3, lines 6 and 7.)
3. "If we understand petitioners' argument correctly, they dispute the county unexplained
finding that the SBM zone is sufficient to protect the leks sites." (Attachment 3, lines 13-
15.)
EXHIBIT .
a~
Regarding disruption of flight paths. I think it should be explained that the map schematically
indicates records of telemetry locations, not flight paths, even though the arrows on the map
certainly would suggest direct-movements or flights, and so some confusion is understandable.
For example, one arrow shows that one bird was located at the lek area near Horse Ridge and
then was located also at the Rodman Rim area on the north side of Highway 20. The schematic
arrow between these two locations runs through the planned rock pit area, and so it is erroneously
concluded that the bird flew directly through the planned rock pit area, but I don't think this
conclusion is supported by the map data. The map indicates only that the bird was located both at
the lek and at Rodman Rim, but the bird may have actually taken a different flight path, or moved
between the two locations via a combination of flights. The basic premise that female sage grouse
move between nest areas and leks during the nesting season is a known fact of sage grouse
behavior (Marshall et.al. eds. 2003) and I believe that this schematic map is meant to show this
known grouse behavior, as well as other information, not to indicate flight paths.
Regarding testimony that sage grouse are highly sensitive to disturbance. This is somewhat
vague testimony, since there is no definition given of what highly sensitive means in the context
of the planned rock pit. In our consultation with U. S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) biologists before you submitted your
application, concerns about noise and other activities from the rock pit during the nesting season
were addressed to their satisfaction, I believe. I think that if these biologists had concerns that
were not addressed adequately, they would have submitted their concerns to us before the
application, or during the application process.
Regarding the disputed County's finding that the SBM zone is sufficient to protect the lek
sites. While this probably is a concern for the County to respond to, I would offer that the SBM
zone protections were formulated during a long public process that included hearings and
consultation with BLM and ODFW biologists among many others. At the time of your
application, I was not aware of study findings that would indicate that the SBM zone protections
were not sufficient, nor did BLM or ODFW biologists indicate to us that they were concerned
that the SBM zone was not sufficient.
In summary, I would offer that I believe you and others in your company have shown your
determination to address concerns about sage grouse in the area of your planned rock pit. As
mentioned earlier, you and others in your company consulted with BLM and ODFW biologists
before applying for the rock pit to discover any concerns from them, and you worked to address
those concerns through discussions with them. You commissioned a survey of habitat in the rock
pit area to discover any strut sites or evidence of nesting sites at the request of ODFW biologists.
You also offered to reduce road disturbance in the area of the lek by closing a private road not
connected with the rock pit operation, to address concerns by a BLM biologist. You said your
company is committed to taking an active part in sage grouse management in the area, and I know
that since your application was submitted, you contributed materials for a new water guzzler on
Pine Mountain.
I hope this letter helps to clarify the knowledge we have of sage grouse behavior as it applies to
your planned rock pit and the comments shown on the record you gave me, and of your actions
taken to address concerns by biologists, and of your commitment to help with sage grouse
management in the future in the Millican Valley.
Sincerely,
i Lt j-
d
Gary Hostick, Certified Wildlife Biologist
PO Box 1906
Sisters, OR 97759
Literature Cited
Barnett, Jenny. Greater Sage Grouse. Pp. 177-180 in Birds of Oregon: A general Reference. D.B.
Marshall, M.G. Hunter, and A.L. Contreras, Eds. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, OR.
Attachments 1, 2, and 3.
O
J
M
I r
f
,
•~r3s~
4S ~
i
82
i
o%
.~s
I
I
(V !
ti y
6
lL J
Z'~
~.i
3
x
~
~
a
•as t-:~
i M a
J ~
L
4
O
U
af
N
wl
O
13)
M
C !
rn
A
W
'3
r
Y
41
IF
~
V
4 ~r
Lr
,
IN
U~ ~ a
O y
UI O
N
H
W
Cl)
fI ~
I 0
U)
r F
N
YS'? H
4
.4y'rf ;
W
Q
LL
vi (A
~ F N y
7 CCm C
o
o
70 m c
a cn z
-1--> > a
C
4
it
i
COUNTY PLANNING; ZONING; HOUSING CODES 215296
governing body or its designate in any area
zoned for exclusive farm use subject to ORS
215.296, the use of existing railroad loading
and unloading facilities authorized to unload
materials regulated under ORS chapter 459
and the expansion of such facilities by no
greater than 30 percent, for the unloading of
materials regulated under ORS chapter 466
for transfer to a facility permitted to dispose
of materials regulated under ORS chapter
466, may be allowed.
(2) A permit for a use allowed under
subsection (1) of this section must be applied
for no later than December 31, 1993.
(3) A county shall allow an application
for a permit authorizing the use allowed un-
der this section prior to the adoption of
amendments to the comprehensive plan or
land use regulations. [1993 c.530 §11
215.295 [Formerly 215.205; repealed by 1971 c.13 §11
215.296 Standards for approval of cer-
tain uses in exclusive farm use zones;
violation of standards; complaint; penal-
ties; exceptions to standards. (1) A use al-
lowed under ORS 215.213 (2) or 215.283 (2)
may be approved only where the local gov-
erning body or its designee finds that the use
will not:
(a) Force a significant change in accepted
farm or forest practices on surrounding lands
devoted to farm or forest use; or
(b) Significantly increase the cost of ac-
cepted farm or forest practices on surround-
ing lands devoted to farm or forest use.
(2) An applicant for a use allowed under
ORS 215.213 (2) or 215.283 (2) may demon-
strate that the standards for approval set
forth in subsection (1) of this section will be
satisfied through the imposition of condi-
tions. Any conditions so imposed shall be
clear and objective.
(3) A person engaged in farm or forest
practices on lands devoted to farm or forest
use may file a complaint with the local gov-
erning body or its designee alleging:
(a) That a condition imposed pursuant to
subsection (2) of this section has been vio-
lated;
(b) That the violation has:
(A) Forced a significant change in ac-
cepted farm or forest practices on surround-
ing lands devoted to farm or forest use; or
(B) Significantly increased the cost of
accepted farm or forest practices on sur-
rounding lands devoted to farm or forest use;
and
(c) That the complainant is adversely af-
fected by the violation.
(4) Upon receipt of a complaint filed un-
der this section or ORS 215.218, the local
governing body or its designee shall:
(a) Forward the complaint to the opera-
tor of the use;
(b) Review the complaint in the manner
set forth in ORS 215.402 to 215.438; and
(c) Determine whether the allegations
made in a complaint filed under this section
or ORS 215.218 are true.
(5) Upon a determination that the alle-
gations made in a complaint are true, the
local governing body or its designee at a
minimum shall notify the violator that a vio-
lation has occurred, direct the violator to
correct the conditions that led to the vio-
lation within a specified time period and
warn the violator against the commission of
further violations.
(6) If the conditions that led to a vio-
lation are not corrected within the time pe-
riod specified pursuant to subsection (5) of
this section, or if there is a determination
pursuant to subsection (4) of this section fol-
lowing the receipt of a second complaint that
a further violation has occurred, the local
governing body or its designee at a minimum
shall assess a fine against the violator.
(7) If the conditions that led to a vio-
lation are not corrected within 30 days after
the imposition of a fine pursuant to subsec-
tion (6) of this section, or if there is a deter-
mination pursuant to subsection (4) of this
section following the receipt of a third or
subsequent complaint that a further violation
has occurred, the local governing body or its
designee shall at a minimum order the sus-
pension of the use until the violator corrects
the conditions that led to the violation.
(8) If a use allowed under ORS 215.213 (2)
or 215.283 (2) is initiated without prior ap-
proval pursuant to subsection (1) of this sec-
tion, the local governing body or its designee
at a minimum shall notify the user that prior
approval is required, direct the user to apply
for approval within 21 days and warn the
user against the commission of further vio-
lations. If the user does not apply for ap-
proval within 21 days, the local governing
body or its designee shall order the suspen-
sion of the use until the user applies for and
receives approval. If there is a determination
pursuant to subsection (4) of this section fol-
lowing the receipt of a complaint that a fur-
ther violation occurred after approval was
granted, the violation shall be deemed a sec-
ond violation and the local governing body
or its designee at a minimum shall assess a
fine against the violator.
(9)(a) The standards set forth in subsec-
tion (1) of this section do not apply to farm
or forest uses conducted within:
Title 20 Page 119 (2005 Edition)
%
n 1-%l /
5 3//
4 It * d
i I , -9 N
12 II 7 i a,.. 9: P 2 10 11 a 2 V P \7
II WELL \
v l v\`` I v` v V v
E RIDGE E 7t
HORSE ii
11 RIDGE _ 13 18 _
g rtow\ 3 18 17 16 t7 ~ 4L 14 13
1 Caver ~ I NATURAL.
II \ AREA u \
-~4 P v l 0 v
1 (1
19
v 1 21 \ 22 \ 3 124
Ho e
Ric 2i~t YOTE
V S rtv v \ P, WELL
NF v' v
-71
91
/i v 0
2 Q K 2 " I 26 25 i/ -
T E 27 A ,
4y V v FLAT P V P
NF l NF v v
.5148
P S I 3 v
Millican 31
36\\\ 31 32 I 34 36
gr y26 M
NF NF S- P V - - 227 V- -
~ 0 I Q /r
1660
1 /l: II -6 5 q 6
NF II / NF__ %r! lAl V v V v v v
10 e l! l1 rs a WELL p
o: 9 II • f a 12 vo
12// 7 g .9 I 11
p /
NFI yi NF ; v = 'PEN R PASTUR n.,- P PENCE V
/ % v ' I~~ J/ Zeego ° S ELL
- 18 15 H 14 13\ 13 a $'~l
/ l
//NF NF t NF v V v=
i, I H CAMP 1' -
(SITE)
24 l 19 211. 23 24
9 HORSE RIDGE ALLOTMENT 11 ~`Li i/
a L.
I
A r A i r A -w-- o- rALIA AA a 17= I%W J\LJjE9Mj Ce 10 - ~r -
KLEINFELDER
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Geotechnical Engineering
Materials Testing & Inspection
Environmental Science & Engineering
Water Resources
Earthquake Engineering
Air Quality
Date: January 4, 2008
To: Ron Robinson, 4 R Equipment, LLC
CC: Robert S. Lovlien, Bryant, Lovlien, & Jarvis, PC
From: William C. B. Gates, Ph.D., P.E., C.E.G.,
Kleinfelder West, Inc.
tR€~8: 1131/ 7~u9~
Subject: Analysis of Vibrations from Blasting Operations
at the Proposed Spencer Well Pit 2
EXHIBIT
Deschutes County, Oregon
Project Number. 89665-A01
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Kleinfelder, Inc has completed a review of the proposed blasting plan scenario for the
Spencer Well Pit/Quarry to include the following references:
1. Report by Siemens & Associates, June 16, 2004, Subject: Results of
Construction Aggregate Resource Investigation;
2. Report by Apollo Geophysics Corporation, April 13, 2005, Proposed Spencer
Well Mine Vibration Intensity Study, Millican, OR;
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 1 of 15
62915 NE 18°i Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
R.Scott Wallace, R.G.,
Kleinfelder West, Inc.
K L E I N F E L D E R
3. Final Opinion and Order, Land Use Board of Appeals of the State of Oregon
(LUBA) No. 2007-013, Remanded October 3, 2007.
4. Discussions with 4-R Equipment, LLC, Mr. R. Robinson.
The purpose of our review was to assess potential blasting vibrations and impact in
response to structures and historical artifacts remanded LUBA (Reference 3). This technical
memo discusses possible impacts attendant to vibrations based on projected blasting
operations.
Based on our analysis and that of Apollo Geophysics Corporation, the proposed
blastingplan scenario and the proposed operations for Spencer Well Pit, damaging
vibrations generated from blasting is unlikely to impact structures on the Walker Property,
Coyote Well, Pictographs, Best Shelter and the Evans Well Ranch. Vibrations, reported as
peak particle velocity (PPV) at full build out are expected to be less than 0.2 inches per
second at the Coyote Well. Similarly, vibration displacement of rock as a result of blasting
vibrations is expected to be less than 0.005 inches at the Coyote Well. Ground vibrations
are expected to be within safe limits established by Office of Surface Mining (Siskind, et. al.,
1980). Monitoring points at key areas around the perimeter of the mine site are
recommended to monitor vibrations during blasting operations
PURPOSE
The purpose of our review was to assess potential blasting vibrations and impact to structures
and historical artifacts remanded by LUBA (Reference 3).
BACKGROUND
The proposed mining operation at Spencer Well Pit will utilize drill and blasting methods to
mine the basaltic bedrock. The geology of the pit and assessment of the basalt rock as
aggregate was completed by Siemens & Associates on June 16, 2004.
In April 2005, Apollo Geophysics Corporation (Apollo) reviewed the proposed blasting plan
and resulting ground vibrations from test blasts. As part of their investigation, Apollo
conducted test blasts and created a PPV verses scaled distance chart to illustrate the
average PPV values expected, and upper bound values predicted for the proposed blasting
operations.
In October 2007, after review of the petition for operation of Spenser Well Pit, LUBA
required further investigation of the potential impact of blasting vibrations on the following
critical areas: Walker Property, Coyote Well, Pictographs site, Best Shelter and the Evans
Well Ranch.
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)1BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 2 of 15
62915 NE 18' Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The proposed Spencer Well Pit project plans to mine about 65 acres of basaltic rock.
Mining will be accomplished in two phases. Associated with the development of the pit will
be construction of an aggregate processing facility that will include crushing and screening
components. Blasting of rock is anticipated to occur at most twice a year to facilitate quarry
operations.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Blasting and Vibrations
There are several excellent references in the literature that address vibrations resulting from
blasting. The references include: ISEE, 1998; Dowding, 2000; Oriard, 2002; Konya, 2003;
Wyllie and Mah, 2004 (refer to additional References in the back of this memorandum).
When detonation occurs, the explosion from the blast produces a high temperature and
high-pressure gas. This gas pressure, referred to as detonation pressure, crushes the rock
surrounding the borehole. The detonation pressure rapidly dissipates, consuming
approximately ten to fifteen percent of the available energy in the explosive. The remaining
energy from the shot produces a second, lower pressure gas referred to as explosion
pressure. The explosion pressure is responsible for over 85 percent of the work done to the
rock. The explosion pressure expands and opens the fractures in the rock developed by the
detonation pressure and pushes the fractured rockmass to the free face of the cut. As the
blasted rock separates from bedrock, the gas pressure dissipates and no further fracturing
of the rock from blasting occurs. However, energy derived from the blast continues toward
the free face of the rock cut. The entire blasting process transpires inside a few hundredths
of a second after detonation and takes place within a 20 foot radius of the shot hole (ISEE,
1998). The volume of rock displaced typically resembles an inverted cone, with the depth of
the shot hole equal to the height and radius of the base of the cone. Beyond the cone-
shaped volume of rock, no permanent deformation of the rock occurs. However, elastic
waves are generated.
Ground vibrations originating from the blast result from detonation pressure acting on the
rock surrounding the shot hole combined with explosion gas pressure moving the rock
fragments away from intact rock to the open rock cut. The force generated from the blast
against the intact rock causes the rockmass to vibrate like a bell. When the intact rock
vibrates it transmits vibrations to the materials around it. The transmission of this vibration is
referred to as propagation. Propagation of the elastic ground vibrations radiate in all
directions from the blast. Elastic vibrations do not deform the material in which they
propagate. That is, after vibration the material returns to its original position without
deformation. Outside the blasting area, ground motion rarely exceeds the thickness of a
sheet of paper (ISEE, 1998). In general, these motions are so small it takes an instrument
like a seismograph to measure the vibrations. As the ground vibrations propagate further
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002 Page 3 of 15 62915 NE 1 e Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
from the blast, the energy dissipates. When the energy dissipates, the ground vibration
amplitude also decreases until eventually the vibration falls below perceptible levels. The
rate at which the ground vibration dissipates as it propagates away from the source is
referred to as seismic attenuation. Ground vibrations from typical blasting in most geologic
settings attenuate to about 1/3 the initial value for each doubling of distance from the source.
The rate of attenuation is site specific and is a function of site conditions and geology.
Seismic attenuation occurs geometrically, that is, ground vibration amplitude decreases very
quickly near the source but very slowly away from the source. As a result nearly all of the
ground vibration energy is dissipated near the shot within the quarry, but small amounts of
energy remaining may be perceptible as vibrations some distance from the shot.
Scientific instruments such as seismographs are typically used to monitor blasting
operations. The instruments measure ground displacement (how far rock particles moves
from rest), velocity (the speed of movement of rock particles) and acceleration (change in
velocity of rock particles). These parameters are related by the frequency of vibrations,
which is a measure of how many times the ground will vibrate through an original position in
one second. Frequency is reported in cycles per second or hertz (Hz). The character of the
frequency during blasting operations is a function of geology and blast design. The
frequency ranges at which vibrations are perceptible from blasting operations at Spencer
Well Pit are estimated to range from 10 to 100 Hz (ISEE, 1998). Apollo reported 30 to 40 Hz
from test blasts at the proposed pit site. There are standards, which limit the maximum
amount of vibrations that can occur at a point or particle on the ground surface (ISEE, 1998).
The limit is referred to as the peak particle velocity (PPV).
Scientists, through research of the Propagation Law (Konya, 2003), have developed a
method to estimate and compare ground vibrations from a blast during the planning and
design stage to stay within prescribed vibration limits. The amplitude of ground vibrations is
established by the quantity of energy present to create the vibration and the distance the
vibrations have propagated. The Square Root Scaled Distance (Scaled Distance, Sd)
formula relates ground vibration amplitude to the explosive charge weight per delay and the
distance from the blast. The typical way of combining distance and explosive energy is to
divide the true distance by the square root of the maximum explosive charge per weight
delay to obtain a normalized or scaled distance (ISEE, 1998). The scaled distance requires
the explosive charge to decrease with distance from the shot to maintain ground vibration
PPV limits.
Sd=/
Where:
Equation 1
Sd= Scaled distance
D = True distance from shot to specific location
W = Maximum explosive charge weight per delay
Ground vibrations will decay with distance from the shot. In general, ground vibrations from
blasting in most geologic settings decay or attenuate to approximately 1 /3 their former value
L:120071Projeds189665(A01)\BEN8L002 Page 4 of 15 62915 NE 18"' Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
for each doubling of distance (ISEE, 1998). To predict ground vibrations in peak particle
velocity scientists have developed Equation 2 as follows: (ISEE, 1998; Dowding, 2000;
Oriard, 2002; Konya, 2003; Wyllie and Mah, 2004):
16
PPV = H(/_)-
Equation 2
Where:
D = True distance from shot to specific location or structure
W= Maximum explosive charge weight per delay
H = Particle velocity intercept, developed from conditions and test blasting
at the site. Average values are around 242. However it is best to develop the
particle velocity intercept from monitoring results of actual test blasting. We will
use H - 373, based on the graph developed by Apollo (2005).
Note: The value D/M within the brackets is the scaled distance (Sd).
Using the Scale Distance formula, one can expect the same vibration intensity (PPV) of two
different blasts even though frequency and duration characteristics of the blast will be
different (ISEE, 1998; Oriard, 2002).
For example, let's evaluate the scaled distance of a blast containing a maximum charge
weight of 10,000 Ibs explosives per delay at a distance of 2000 feet from the shot would be
2000/410,000=20. Similarly, another shot containing a maximum charge weight of 25 Ibs
per delay at a distance of 100 feet would be 100/25 = 20. Both scaled distances are the
same at 20. At that scaled distance we should expect the PPV to be the same or fall within a
similar range. Indeed, we see that this is true where PPV = 242(20)-1.6= 2 in/sec. However,
each shot will exhibit different frequencies and durations.
Many regulatory agencies require a scaled distance of 60 for a greater margin of safety with
respect to vibration intensity (PPV) (Konya, 2003). If distances are fixed between the shot
and structure or area of concern, then the maximum charge weight of explosives per delay
must be modified in the shot design for the shot to meet the regulatory scaled distance
requirement.
For instance if we have a structure that is 100 feet from the shot and the regulated scaled
distance is 60, the maximum charge weight of explosives per delay would be about 2.75 Ibs
of explosive; that is (100/60) 2 = 2.75 lbs. Similarly, for a structure 1000 feet from the shot,
the maximum charge weight of explosives per delay would be about 275 Ibs of explosive;
that is (1000/60) 2 = 275 tbs.
To minimize ground vibrations and still operate efficiently, the quarry operator will design
delayed blasts that will detonate at least 8 milliseconds (ms) apart rather than a
simultaneous detonation of all charges. Research has demonstrated that a delayed shot will
minimize ground vibrations and be more effective at fracturing and moving the rockmass in
a controlled manner.
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002 Page 5 of 15 62915 NE 18'h Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
Office of Surface Mining (OSM) Regulations
The federal regulation, which controls the blasting effects of mining operations, is the Office
of Surface Mining (OSM) (Odard, 2002). The OSM have developed vibration limits
recognizing frequency dependence for vibration associated with distance (Konya, 2003;
Oriard, 2002). See Table 1.
Table 1 combines the effects of distance and frequency. At short distances, high frequency
vibration predominates. At longer distances, high frequency vibration attenuates or dies out
and low frequency vibration predominates. Buildings have a low frequency response
characteristic and will resonate and may sustain damage. Therefore, at large distances a
lower peak particle velocity, 0.75 in/sec. and larger scaled distance, Sd equal to 65 are
mandated (Konya, 2003). At shorter distances, a higher peak particle velocity, 1.25 in/sec.
and a smaller scaled distance of Sd equal to 50 are appropriate. Mine operators are
allowed a choice among three options to assess vibration affects attendant to blasting.
OSM Option 1: The quarry operator may elect to conform to PPV without reference to
vibration frequency. As displayed in Table 1, for 0-300 ft, the limit is 1.25 in/sec.; for 301-
5000 ft the limit is 1.00 in/sec.; and for distances over 5000 ft, the limit is 0.75 in/sec.
Conformance must be observed by monitoring the blast with a seismograph (Oriard, 2002).
OSM Option 2: The quarry operator may elect to design the blasts in accordance with
prescribed scaled distances listed on Table 1. In this option the.operator is not required to
monitor the blasting with a seismograph (Oriard, 2002). This option is more conservative
then Option 1 and restricts PPV to lower intensities.
The scaled distances may be used to estimate the maximum charge weight of explosive per
8 ms delay by applying a scaled distance. For instance let's apply a scaled distance of 55 to
a distance of 1000 ft; 1000/55 = 18; 182 = 331 lb. Therefore the allowable maximum charge
weight of explosive per 8 ms delay is about 331 lb to stay within the prescribed regulation.
OSM Option 3: The OSM prepared an alternative limit in graphical form displayed on Figure
- 1. Figure -1 displays displacement and velocity values along with frequency ranges over
which each applies specified by the OSM. The curve in Figure -1 demonstrates that above
40 Hz, a constant PPV of 2 in/sec. is the maximum safe value. Below 40 Hz, the maximum
PPV decreases at a rate equal to a constant peak displacement of 0.008 inches. For
intermediate frequencies of 4 to 12 Hz, a 0.5 in/sec. maximum PPV is the accepted
threshold level to preclude damage to plaster in older houses and 0.75 in/sec. is the
threshold level to preclude damage to drywall in newer houses. An ultimate maximum
displacement of 0.03 inches is recommended for frequencies below 4 Hz.
This graphical approach may be selected as an alternate to Options 1 or 2. For example, if a
shot is expected to generate a frequency of 10 Hz, the safe threshold for PPV above which
damage could occur may be estimated from the graph. For example, we read first on the x-
axis (horizontal) of the graph to 10 Hz. Next trace up the y-axis to the intersection of the
curve and read the y-axis intercept 0.5 in/sec. for plaster walls and 0.75 in/sec. for drywall.
L:\2007\Projec4s\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 6 of 15
62915 NE 1e Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
K L E I N F E L D E R
The Bureau of Mines in RI 8507 (Siskind and others 1980) distinguished frequencies
associated with blasting at coalmines, quarries, and construction sites. The Bureau found
coalmine blasting produced the lowest frequencies. Quarry blasting falls in the middle range,
followed by construction blasting, which produced the highest frequencies (Konya, 2003).
Dowding (2000) found that dominant design frequencies in a typical design earthquake fall
between 0.2 and 2 Hz. On the other hand, blasting vibrations typically transmit their peak
velocity energy between frequencies of 10 and 100 Hz.
Estimation of Particle Velocity Based on Site Conditions
In April 2005, Apollo reviewed the proposed blasting plan and resulting ground vibrations.
As part of their investigation, Apollo conducted test blasts and created a PPV verses scaled
distance chart to illustrate the average PPV values and upper bound values predicted for the
proposed blasting operations. From the test blasting Apollo developed a set of curves
relating the scaled distance (Sd) to PPV. From the graph using various distances and
explosive charge weights they were able to estimate PPV at a critical location. From the
graph developed by Apollo we have estimated the particle velocity intercept using a curve
fitting program. The result is H = 373, which based upon our experience, is reasonable. This
value will be used to estimate PPV at the Spencer Well Mine site.
Vibration Stability of Rock Slopes and Rock Blocks
Concern for quarry blast-induced rock slope stability arises from the observed vibration
environment and the presumed similarity of blasting vibrations to earthquake motions.
Dowding (2000) conducted research into construction vibrations and blasting and their affect
on the stability of rock slopes. He has observed that construction vibrations and blasting
display many different responses than earthquake-induced vibrations. Typically, in quarry
and construction blasting, the displacements are smaller and the frequencies much higher
(by orders of magnitude). The dominant design frequencies in a typical design earthquake
fall between 0.2 and 2 Hz. On the other hand, blasting vibrations typically transmit their
peak velocity energy between frequencies of 10 and 100 Hz (ISEE, 1998). Dowding (2000)
found there is a low frequency for both compression and shear waves (between 1 and 10
Hz), for which maximum shear displacement occurs. For frequencies from 10 Hz to 100 Hz
with constant peak particle velocity, relative shear displacements diminish by over two
orders of magnitude. What this means is that most of the energy from the blast to displace
rock stays within a small circumference of the blast zone; typically within a 20-ft radius
(ISEE, 1998).
One can readily compare the difference in wavelengths involved in earthquakes and blasting
vibrations. For a sinusoidal wave, the wavelength is equal to the propagation velocity (peak
particle velocity, PPV) divided by the frequency (0.
PPV
Equation 3
For example, consider a shear wave propagation or PPV of 5000 ft/sec. An earthquake with
a frequency of 1 Hz propagates with a wavelength of 5000 ft; 5000 ft/s / 1 Hz = 5000 ft. In
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 7 of 15
62915 NE 1e Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-3824707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
contrast a 50-Hz blast with the same PPV propagates with a wavelength of only 100 ft; 5000
ft/s / 50 Hz = 100 ft.
Dramatic, blast-induced rock slope failures of large blocks are rarely observed even in open
pit mining (Dowding, 2000). Moreover, when instability occurs, it normally involves small-
scale or bench instability. To evaluate potential block movement from blast-induced
vibrations, Dowding (2000) applies a rigid block model. That is, a rigid block sitting on
bedrock that slides in response to vibration motion within the bedrock. He assumes the
wavelength of excitation motion is significantly larger than the unstable block or slope. The
length of a block that can be coherently excited is about one-eight of the wavelength.
Coherently means in this case displaced or accelerated in the same direction at the same
time. The lack of blast-induced instability typically is the result of the lack of coherency of
blast-induced motions of the large blocks. The maximum conditions for coherency
(displacement) of a rock block may be estimated as follows:
Coherency = 4 PfV Equation 4
Where:
= ratio of base of rock (b) / wavelength (A)
PPV = peak particle velocity
f = frequency in Hz
For example, a 10 Hz quarry blast with a propagation velocity of 2 in/sec. observed at a
point some distance from the blast could coherently excite or displace a block at that site
that is approximately 0.05 inches in length. What this suggests is that the blast could
possibly displace a small grain of rock that is less than 0.05 inches long. Rock pebbles
larger than 0.05 inches should not be impacted by the blast.
Well Response to Ground Vibration
Concern for damage to wells in response to ground vibrations from blasting prompted the
U.S. Bureau of Mines to sponsor a study of the responses of operating wells to nearby
surface coal mine blasting (Dowding, 2000). The well studies involved pumping from the
wells before and after blasting in an adjacent mine to establish changes in well capacity and
water quality. One experiment with a well penetrating a sandstone aquifer displayed no
change in well capacity after blasts induced the PPV at the surface of 3.34 in/sec. In
addition, there was no apparent change in water level after the PPV reached 5.54 in/sec.
Although vibrations from blasting have been frequently blamed for problems that occur in a
well, the U.S. Bureau of Mines concluded that blasting has little to no effect on wells. The
principal effect that blasting may have on close-proximity water wells is temporary turbidly
that quickly passes. Moreover, a PPV below 2 in/sec. will not cause damage to a well
(Konya, 2003).
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002 Page 8 of 15 62915 NE 1 e Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-3824707
Fax. 541-383-8118
K L E I N F E L D E R
General Blasting Plan
A detailed blasting design for the Spencer Well Pit has not been developed because it is
premature. However, based on conversations with Mr. Robinson (Reference 4), the
following details will be included in their general blasting design. Blasting will be primarily
quarry production blasting using initial sinking cuts to develop a free face followed by side hill
quarry blasting. Typical blast hole diameters will be 3.5 inches drilled on 7 ft x 7 ft patterns.
Maximum blasthole depths will be about 48 feet with stemming backfill of about 8 to 10 feet.
Benches will be as high as 48 feet. The primary bulk explosive will be ANFO with a specific
gravity of about 0.85 and will be boosted with dynamite. The explosive loading density for
each blast hole will be about 3.75 lb/ft. The powder factor (pounds of explosive per cubic
yard of rock) will range between 1.67 Ib/yd3 for a sinking shot to about 1.1 lb/yd 3 for
production. Charge weights of explosives will range from 100 Ibs to about 150 lb per 8 MS
delay with an OSM scaled distance (Sd) of 55. For this evaluation we will assume a charge
weight of 150 lb. Timing between shot holes will be 17 MS and between rows 25 MS.
Controlled blasting using presplitting or cushion blasts are not presently planned.
Projected Vibration Levels and Displacement for Phase 1 and 2 Blasting
For the evaluation of the vibration levels from the propose Spencer Well Pit, we will assume
a maximum charge weight of 150 lb of explosives per 8 MS delay. In addition, to estimate
PPV we will use particle velocity intercept of 373 developed from conditions and test blasting
at the site. For all critical locations, we have assumed a worst-case for blasting frequency of
10 Hz, the low end of expected blasting frequencies for quarry blasting operations (ISEE,
1998; Dowding, 2000; Oriard, 2002). In addition, we have assumed that the ratio of the
base of the rock block (b) to the wavelength (A) is for maximum displacement; this is a
conservative value or worst-case condition (Dowding, 2000). Estimated peak particle
velocities and displacement from vibrations related to blasting during Phases 1 a and 1 b are
tabulated on tables 2 and 3. Phase 2 will be in the same vicinity as Phase 1 a and Phase 1 b.
The following is a discussion of the critical areas sited in the LUBA Final Opinion and Order
(Reference 3).
Walker Ranch
Initially during Phase la blasting, the Walker Ranch will be about 5431 feet from the
proposed Spencer Well pit. An estimated PPV of about 0.02 in/sec. might occur during a
shot in the vicinity of the Walker Ranch. Similarly during Phase 1b, the blasting will be
closer to the Walker Ranch (about 3469 ft) and the expected PPV will be about 0.05 in/sec.
In addition, displacement of rocks as a result of vibrations induced by blasting for Phase 1a
would be less than 0.0005 inches and for Phase 1 b less than 0.0011 inches.
Coyote Well
In the LUBA document (Reference 3), Coyote Well is reported to be about 1350 feet from
the proposed Spencer Wells Pit. However, in reality the distance from the pit during Phase
la is about 4559 feet and during Phase lb will be about 2500 feet. Even when
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002 Page 9 of 15 62915 NE Ie Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-3824707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
conservatively assuming the distance is 1350 feet to the Coyote Well, an estimated PPV of
about 0.20 in/sec. might occur. In addition, under this scenario displacement of rocks or
lining in the well as a result of vibrations induced by blasting for both phases would be less
than 0.005 inches, which in our experience is not sufficient to cause damage resulting from
rock displacement.
Pictographs Site
Initially during Phase 1 a, the Pictographs Site will be about 5224 feet from the proposed
Spencer Well pit. An estimated PPV of about 0.02 in/sec. might occur during a shot in the
vicinity of the Walker Ranch. Similarly during Phase 1b, the blasting will be closer to the
Pictograph Site (about 3044 ft) and the expected PPV will be about 0.06 in/sec. In addition,
displacement of rocks as a result of vibrations induced by blasting for Phase 1 a would be
less than 0.0006 inches and less than 0.001 inches for Phase 1 b.
Best Shelter
In the LUBA, the Best Shelter site is reported to be about 1775 feet from the proposed
Spencer Wells Pit: However, in reality the distance from the pit during Phase 1 a is about
3733 feet and during Phase 1 b will be about 1453 feet. Assuming a worst case scenario
with a distance of 1453 feet to the Best Shelter Site, an estimated PPV of about 0.18 in/sec.
might occur. In addition, displacement of rocks as a result of vibrations induced by blasting
for both phases would be less than 0.005 inches.
Evans Well Ranch
Initially during Phase 1a, the Evans Well Ranch will be about 21120 feet from the proposed
Spencer Well pit. An estimated PPV of about 0.003 in/sec. might occur during a shot in the
vicinity of the Evans Well Ranch. During Phase 1 b, the blasting will be farther away from
Evans Well Ranch (23802 feet) and the expected PPV will be about 0.002 in/sec. In
addition, displacement of rocks as a result of vibrations induced by blasting for Phase 1a
would be less than 0.0001 inches and for Phase 1 b less than 0.0001 inches.
Discussion of Vibrations and Displacement
The highest estimated vibrations from blasting may occur in the vicinity of the Coyote Well at
about 0.2 in/sec. According to Konya (2003) a PPV of about 0.3 in/sec. would be similar to
vibrations caused from a nearby train or traffic. Similarly a PPV of about 0.5 in/sec would be
similar to someone pounding nails and causing loose objects to possibly rattle. Moreover,
PPV below 2 in/sec. will not cause damage to a well (Konya, 2003). The potential vibrations
at all sites appear to be within acceptable limits (Figure - 1). Frequencies from blasting will
be higher than 10 Hz and will probably be in the range of 30 to 40 Hz. Damage occurs to
plaster and the like at frequencies lower than 10 Hz when the PPV is at lest 0.5 in/sec.
Based on Figure 1, no damage is expected to occur on structures of interest or Pictographs
referenced by LUBA as a result of blasting at the Spencer Well Pit site.
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002 Page 10 of 15 62915 NE 1 e Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-3824707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
Coherent excitability from blasting induced vibrations to cause displacement of rock is below
the lower threshold of influence for all sites. Rock displacement induced from blasting
vibrations cannot occur unless vibrations exceed this lower limit and are greater than
approximately 7 in/sec. According to Konya (2003) major damage to structures may occur
when the PPV exceed 7.6 in/sec.
Flyrock
Flyrock is rock ejected from the blast site as a result of generally poor blasting design, poor
operations, or geologic conditions. Wyllie and Mah, (2004) list common causes of fly rock.
These include the following:
1. In adequate front row burden
2. Shot hole misalignment resulting in concentration of explosives
3. Weak seams and joints that vent gas to the rock face
4. Shot holes loaded to the bench surface
5. Shot holes with no stemming
6. Blocked shot holes loaded with fixed weight of explosives or number of cartridges
Burden is the thickness of rock or soil between the shot hole and the free face. Burden will
act to contain the explosive gas of the blast. If the burden is inadequate, flyrock may move
away from the free face during the shot. Stemming of the shot hole with crushed rock helps
to contain the explosive gases, if the hole is inadequate or not stemmed, flyrock may rifle
from the shot hole. If the ratio of the shot hole depth to the burden is less than two, flyrock
may occur. According to Mr. Robinson, the typical blasting design will include seven (7) feet
of burden in the drilling patterns depending on localized conditions. He further specified at
least eight feet of stemming material for the shot holes. In addition, the ratio of depth of shot
hole to burden is at least five (5) and in most cases greater than six (6). These
specifications are with in limits (Koyna, 2003) and flyrock is not anticipated based on the
preliminary design provided by Mr. Robinson.
In general, complete control of flyrock is difficult, even with a good blast design including
recommended stemming and burden dimensions. In areas where there is a possibility of
damage to structures, blasting mats should be employed to control flyrock. Blasting mats
may consist of rubber tires, strips of conveyor belts, or similar material that have been
chained together. Where there is a possibility of the blast displacing the matt, it can be
covered with rock and/or anchored locally to bedrock.
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 11 of 15
62915 NE 18"' Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
REFERENCES
Dowding, C.H., 2000, Vibration Stability of Rock Slopes, in Construction Vibrations, pp. 285-
298.
ISEE, 1998, Vibration and Airblast, Blasters' Handbook, 17th Edition, International Society of
Explosives Engineers, pp. 591-634.
Konya, CJ, 2003, Vibration and Seismic Waves in Rock Blasting and Overbreak Control,
2nd Edition, National Highway Institute, Federal Highway Administration, pp. 226-287.
Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals (LUBA), Remanded October 3, 2007, Final Opinion and
Order No. 2007-013.
Oriard, L.L., 2002, Ground Vibrations and Air Waves from Blasting, in Explosives
Engineering, Construction Vibrations and Geotechnology, International Society of
Explosives Engineers, pp. 181-234.
Siskind, D.E., Stagg, M.S., Kopp, J.W. & Dowding, C.H. 1980, Structure Response and
Damage Produced by Ground Vibration from Surface Mine Blasting, U.S. Bureau of Mines,
Washington, D.C., Report of Investigation 8507.
Wyllie, Duncan, C., Mah, C.W., 2004, Rock Slope Engineering: Civil and Mining, 4th Edition,
Spon Press, pp. 245-275.
L:\2007\Projeds\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 12 of 15
62915 NE 18"' Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
K L E I N F E L D E R
Table 1: Office of Surface Mining, Required Ground Vibration Limits
Distance from the
Blasting Site
(feet)
Maximum Allowable
Peak Particle Velocity
(inches/second)
Scaled Distance Factor
to be applied without
Seismic Monitoring
0 to 300
1.25
50
301 to 5000
1.00
55
5001 and beyond
0.75
65
Figure 1: U.S. Bureau of Mines Vibration Criteria. Maximum Safe Values for Peak
Particle Velocity
10
0.;5~irlF
u 1
67
A"Y 4151
V
O
61
U
No age
a
0a
0.01
1 10 40 100
Frequency, Hz
I
_
s
i
ma a
r
e
b
ld
I
.d
m
s
ee
i
t
i
I
L:\20071Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 13 of 15
62915 NE 18"' Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
Table 2: Phase 1 a, Estimated Peak Particle Velocities and Displacement
Blast
Critical
Charge
Distance
PPV (1)
Coherency (2)
Site
Site
weight
Ft
in/sec.
(Displacement)
lb
in
Quarry
Walker
150
5431
0.0217
0.0005
Ranch
Coyote
1350*
0.2014
0.0050
Quarry
150
Well
4559
0.0287
0.0007
Quarry
Pictographs
150
5224
0.0231
0.0006
Best
1775*
0.1300
0.0032
Quarry
150
Shelter
3733
0.0396
0.0010
Quarry
Evans Well
150
21120
0.0025
0.0001
Ranch
1 PPV = 373(/, 1.6
2 Coherency= 1 (PPV) -
4 10
* From LUBA
L:120071Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 14 of 15
62915 NE 1 e Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
Table 3: Phase 1 b, Estimated Peak Particle Velocities and Displacement
Blast Site
Critical
Charge
Distanc
PPV (1)
Coherency (2)
Site
weight
a Ft
in/sec.
(Displacement)
lb
in
Quarry
Walker
150
3469
0.0445
0.0011
Ranch
Coyote
1350*
0.2014
0.0050
Quarry
150
Well
2500
0.0751
0.0019
Quarry
Pictograp
150
3044
0.0548
0.0014
hs
Best
1775*
0.1300
0.0032
Quarry
150
Shelter
1453
0.1790
0.0045
Evans
Quarry
Well
150
23082
0.0021
0.0001
Ranch
1
PPV = 373(/ ,b
2 Coherency = 1 (PPV) -
4 10
* From LUBA
L:\2007\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L002
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Page 15 of 15
62915 NE Ie Street
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
lk
KLEINFELDER
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
Date: January 14, 2008
To: Ron Robinson, 4 R Equipment, LLC
From:
E14Ty
/6
Geotechnical Engineering
Materials Testing & Inspection
Environmental Science & Engineering
Water Resources
Earthquake Engineering
Air Quality
4Hl :1131/ ;0v 1
William C. B. Gates, Ph.D., P.E., C.E.G., R. Scott Wallace, R.G.,
Kleinfelder West, Inc. Kleinfelder West, Inc.
CC: Robert S. Lovlien, Bryant, Lovlien, & Jarvis, PC
Subject: Shallow Perched Aquifer Evaluation
Proposed Spencer Well Pit
Deschutes County, Oregon
Project Number. 89665-A01
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXHIBIT
In the Final Opinion and Order (No. 2007-013) remanded on October 3, 2007, by the State
of Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals (LUBA), the Ninth Assignment of Error required an
hydrogeologic evaluation in the vicinity of the Spencer Well Pit site to assess what impact, if
any, the proposed mining pit would have on nearby shallow-perched aquifers.
Kleinfelder has completed a hydrogeologic review of the northwestern portion of the Millican
basin and proposed Spencer Well Pit/Quarry area including the following references:
L:\2008\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L004.doc Page 1 of4 62915 NE 1e Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-3824707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINIF ELDER
1. Report by Siemens & Associates, June 16, 2004, Subject: Results of
Construction Aggregate Resource Investigation;
2. Final Opinion and Order, Land Use Board of Appeals of the State of Oregon
(LUBA) No. 2007-013, Remanded October 3, 2007;
3. Geology and Mineral Resources of Deschutes County, Oregon, 1976, Oregon
Department of Geology and Mineral Industries;
4. Millican, Oregon Quadrangle Map, 1967, 7'/2-minute series, U.S. Geological
Survey;
5. Discussions with 4-R Equipment, LLC, Mr. R. Robinson.
Based on our hydrogeologic evaluation, the proposed Spencer Well Pit appears unlikely to
adversely impact water quality or water levels within shallow, perched aquifers in
hydrogeologic continuity with Coyote Well or the intermittent drainage (Dry River) which
serves an outlet for surface water runoff within the Millican Valley.
BACKGROUND
The proposed Spencer Well Pit site is located in Deschutes County, Oregon and occupies
approximately 385 acres within Section 30, Township 19 S., Range 15 E., W.M. We
understand the mining operation will utilize drill and blasting methods to mine basaltic
bedrock in an "open-pit" style operation. The proposed Spencer Well Pit project plans to
mine about 65 acres of basaltic rock to depths of up to 100 feet below ground surface (bgs).
(R. Robinson, personal communication, 2008).
During Deschutes County public hearings pursuant to land-use classification for the Spencer
Well Pit site, testimony was made expressing concern that once the mining pit reached a
certain depth, water would be drawn from nearby, shallow, perched aquifers that support the
Dry River and hydrologic features such as Coyote Well (LUBA, 2007).
This technical memo discusses possible impacts attendant to excavation of an open pit
surface mine on the Spencer Well site.
HYDROGEOLOGIC SETTING
The geology of the pit site and western Millican basin was characterized by Siemens &
Associates on June 16, 2004 (Siemens Report). Subsurface data in the Siemens Report
was based upon five diamond core boreholes drilled to depths of 90 feet bgs, 32 air
percussion boreholes drilled to depths ranging from 35 to 97 feet bgs, and 30 test pits
excavated to depths of approximately 20 feet bgs. During subsurface exploration for the
Siemens Report, groundwater (perched or regional) aquifers were not encountered in any of
the explorations. In addition, Oregon Water Resource Department water well records for the
site and within an approximate one-mile radius (T. 19 S., R. 15 E., Sections 19, 20, 29, 30,
31, and 32 and T. 19 S., R. 14 E., Sections 24, 25, and 36) indicate that groundwater, where
L:\2008\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L004.doc Page 2 of 4 62915 NE 18" Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
present, is located within basalt bedrock and permeable interFlow zones at depths in excess
of 1,250 feet bgs.
Because of the presence of fine-grained, partially-cemented lacustrine (lake derived) and
alluvial deposits which blanket the site, near-surface, laterally discontinuous, perched
groundwater zones are likely to develop following precipitation events along the north-south
trending drainage course that transects the central portion of the site. This surface water
collector merges with the "Dry River" drainage along the south side of U.S. Highway 20.
Surface water flow is interrupted by U.S. Highway 20, and is directed west-northwest and
crosses (via culvert) under the highway approximately 1700 feet southeast of the shallowly-
incised, upper section of "Dry Canyon". Similar, perched groundwater zones are also likely
to develop on the north side of Highway 20 within lower sections of the Dry River drainage,
including the hand dug landmark known as "Coyote Well". Coyote Well is located at the
southwestern base of Bear Creek Buttes at an elevation of approximately 4170 feet above
sea level. The Bear Creek Buttes form a basalt upland area that rises approximately 500
feet above the elevation of Coyote Well. Seasonal surface water runoff and infiltration from
Bear Creek Buttes may also contribute to the perched water zone into which Coyote Well is
constructed.
CONCLUSIONS
The Dry River drainage collects surface water from the Millican Basin and directs it west-
northwest toward the basin outlet in Dry Canyon. The proposed Spencer Well Pit footprint is
located on the south side of U.S. Highway 20, opposite Coyote Well and the lower section of
Dry River. The primary Dry River drainage channel transects the Spencer Well site south of
Highway 20, however, based upon preliminary mine operation plans, the channel will not be
intercepted or compromised by the proposed pit footprint. The channel will remain
connected via a culvert running under Highway 20 to lower sections of the drainage. At its
nearest point, the pit would be located approximately 2,500 feet from Coyote Well. Given
the laterally discontinuous nature of perched water zones in the Millican basin, it is highly
unlikely that Coyote Well is in hydrogeologic continuity with perched water zones located
south of Highway 20.
Because of access constraints, Kleinfelder personnel did not have an opportunity to observe
the physical appearance of water within Coyote Well as part of this evaluation. However,
between the proposed Spencer Well Pit site and Coyote Well, sections of the Dry River
drainage within sight on the north and south sides of U.S Highway 20, contained no areas of
standing water. Based upon our experience with perched water zones in the arid, High
Lava Plains region of central Oregon, recharge flow is intermittent and perched water zones
typically appear stagnant and may take an extended period of time before perched water
infiltrates into deeper subsurface soil/rock materials. This appears to be a likely scenario for
the reported presence of water within the Coyote Well.
L:\2008\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L004.doc Page 3 of 4 62915 NE 18'h Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-3824707
Fax. 541-383-8118
KLEINFELDER
Based on our hydrogeologic evaluation, the proposed Spencer Well Pit appears unlikely to
adversely impact water quality or water levels within shallow, perched aquifers in
hydrogeologic continuity with Coyote Well or the intermittent drainage (Dry River) which
serves an outlet for surface water runoff within the Millican Valley.
LIMITATIONS
The professional judgments expressed in this report meet the standard of care of our
profession; however, no warranty is expressed or implied.
CLOSING
Kleinfelder appreciates the opportunity to provide our professional consulting services to 4R
Equipment, LLC for this project. If question arise, or additional review is required, please
contact our Bend office at (541) 382-4707.
L:\2008\Projects\89665(A01)\BEN8L004.doc Page 4 of 4 62915 NE 1 e Street
Copyright 2008 Kleinfelder Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541-382-4707
Fax. 541-383-8118
h
KLEINFELDER
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
DATE: JANUARY 4, 2008
Geotechnical Engineering
Materials Testing & Inspection
Environmental Science & Engineering
Water Resources
Earthquake Engineering
Air Quality
TO: MR. TYLER SAUNDERS, 4-R EQUIPMENT, LLC
FROM: SHANE COCHRAN, KLEINFELDER
R. SCOTT WALLACE, RG, KLEINFELDER
CC: ROBERT S. LOVLIEN, BRYANT, LOVLIEN, AND JARVIS, PC
PROJECT NO: 89,665 (A01)
SUBJECT: SPENCER WELL MINE SITE
ANEMOMETER MONITORING ACTIVITIES
SECTION 30, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., W.M.
MILLICAN, OR
This memorandum summarizes anemometer monitoring activities conducted by Kleinfelder
from November 19, 2007 to December 26, 2007 at a proposed aggregate surface mine
operation in Millican Valley, Deschutes County, Oregon. The proposed site is located in
Section 30, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., W.M., and is south of U.S. Highway 20 and east of Horse
Ridge. These anemometer monitoring activities were performed in response to a Final
Opinion and Order, Land Use Board of Appeals of the State of Oregon (LUBA), No. 2007-
013, Remanded October 3, 2007.
ANEMOMETER DATA COLLECTION
On November 19, 2007 Kleinfelder launched a HOBO anemometer with a data logger
capable of monitoring and recording wind speed and direction for the proposed site.
Anemometer data is manually downloaded on a monthly basis. On December 26, 2007 data
was downloaded, reduced, and is illustrated on Figure 1 (attached).
Between November 20 and December 26, 2007, 10,362 readings were taken at five minute
intervals. Wind speeds ranged from 0.00 to 41.92 mph. Wind directions on an azimuth scale
(from 0 to 360 degrees) are illustrated on Figure 1.
Figure 1 indicates that 22.9 percent of the time, wind was blowing from the south-southwest
to the north-northeast (0-45 degree bar on Figure 1). In general, 62.6 percent of the time the
wind was blowing from a westerly direction to the east and 37.4 percent of the time the wind
was blowing from the east to the west. As illustrated in Figure 1, a predominant wind
direction is inconclusive at this time due to the limited time period that has transpired since
LA2008\Lztter\89665(A01)\BEN8 L005
Copyright 2007 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Page 1 of 2
62915 NE 18'" St.
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541.382.4707
I=an. 541.383.81 11880
K L E I N F E L D E R
the time the anemometer was deployed. We recommend continued monthly monitoring to
evaluate seasonal variation in wind direction and predominant directional trends.
CLOSING
We trust this memorandum will meet the needs of 4-R Equipment, LLC at this time, and
appreciate the opportunity to be of service. If you should have any questions concerning this
memorandum, please contact our Bend office at (541) 382-4707.
REFERENCES:
Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals, October 3, 2007, Final Opinion and Order No. 2007-013.
Attachments: Figure 1: Wind Data (11/20/07-12/26/07)
L:\2008\Letter\89665(A01)\BEN8 L005
Copyright 2007 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Page 2 of 2
62915 NE 18" St.
Suite 1
Bend, OR 97701
Tel. 541.382.4707
Fax, 541,383,8118
_
, .
.
i
aF ~
f'
~a ~
l'
rt.i."
Y''
i':
P;
BEFORE THE LAND USE BOARD OF APPEALS
2 OF THE STATE OF OREGON
3
4 TAMMERA WALKER and CLAY WALKER,
5 Petitioners,
6
7 vs.
8
9 DESCHUTES COUNTY,
10 Respondent,
11
12 and
13
14 4-R EQUIPMENT, LLC,
15 Intervenor-Respondent.
16
17 LUBA No. 2007-013
18
19 FINAL OPINION
20 AND ORDER
21
22 Appeal from Deschutes County.
23
24 Douglas M. DuPriest, Eugene, filed the petition for review and Zack P. Mittge argued
25 on behalf of petitioners. With him on the brief were Zack P. Mittge and Hutchinson, Cox,
26 Coons, DuPriest, Orr & Sherlock, P.C.
27
28 Laurie E. Craghead, Assistant Legal Counsel, Bend, filed a response brief and
29 represented respondent.
30
31 Robert S. Lovlien, Bend, filed a response brief and argued on behalf of intervenor-
32 respondent. With him on the brief was Bryant, Lovlien & Jarvis, P.C.
33
34 BASSHAM, Board Member; HOLSTUN, Board Chair; RYAN, Board Member,
35 participated in the decision.
36
37 REMANDED 10/03/2007
38
39 You are entitled to judicial review of this Order. Judicial review is governed by the
40 provisions of ORS 197.850.
Page l
I Opinion by Bassham.
2 NATURE OF THE DECISION
3 Petitioners appeal a county decision redesignating and rezoning a 385-acre parcel to
4 allow surface mining.
5 MOTION TO INTERVENE
6 4-R Equipment, LLC (intervenor), the applicant below, moves to intervene on the
7 side of respondent. There is no opposition to the motion, and it is allowed.
8 FACTS
9 The subject property is located on Highway 20 in the Millican Valley, approximately.
10 25 miles southeast of the City of Bend. The 385-acre parcel is zoned Exclusive Farm Use,
I 1 and is subject to Antelope Winter Range Wildlife Area (WA) and Landscape Management
12 (LM) overlay zones. Highway 20 bisects the northern portion of the parcel. A portion of the
13 Dry. River canyon is located on the property parallel to the highway. Uses on adjacent and
14 nearby properties include cattle ranching, wildlife habitat, the Pine Mountain Observatory,
15 an off-road vehicle recreation site, native American archeological and cultural sites, and
16 several dwellings.
17 Intervenor applied to the county for a plan amendment to include the subject property
18 in the county's inventory of mineral and aggregate sites, and to rezone the property to
19 Surface Mining (SM), to facilitate proposed mining and crushing of basalt rock. The county
20 hearings officer conducted a public hearing, and issued a decision recommending that the
21 proposed plan amendment and zone change be denied for failure to identify measures to
22 avoid or minimize conflicts with adjoining and nearby uses, based in part on alleged impacts
23 on uses in the area that are located up to six and one-half miles away from the subject
24 property. The county board of commissioners approved the application and proposed
25 mining, concluding that the relevant impact area should extend no further than one-half mile
26 from the property. In addition, the commissioners imposed a Surface Mining Impact Area
Page 2
I (SMIA) overlay zone on all properties within one-half mile of the boundary of the subject
2 property. The SMIA overlay zone imposes standards on the use of nearby properties to
3 reduce conflicts with the proposed surface mining operation. This appeal followed.
4 FIRST ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
5 Petitioners argue that the county erred in applying the SMIA overlay zone on
6 property within one-half mile of the subject parcel. According to petitioners, under the
7 county code only the property owner can initiate a quasi-judicial zoning map amendment.
8 Because the nearby property owners did not sign, the application, petitioners argue, the
9 imposition of the SMIA overlay zone is invalid.
10 Deschutes County Code (DCC) 18.56.020 requires that "[t]he SMIA zone shall apply
11 to all property located within one-half mile.of the boundary of a surface mining zone." The
12 county responds that DCC 18,56.020 operates automatically to impose the SMIA zone on all
13 property within one-half mile: of the boundary of the SM zone. According to the county, that
14 automatic application supersedes the general code provisions, at DCC 18.136.010 and
15 22.08.010(B)(1), that require that the property owner or an authorized agent sign an
16 application for a quasi-judicial zoning map amendment.
17 We agree with the county that the relevant DCC provisions do not require that the
18 owners of property to which the SMIA overlay zone is applied under DCC 18.56.020 sign or
19 authorize the application for SM zoning. The purpose of the SMIA overlay zone is "to
20 protect the surface mining resources of Deschutes County from new development which
21 conflicts with the removal and processing of a mineral and aggregate resource while
22 allowing owners of property near a surface mining site reasonable use of their property."
23 DCC 18.56.010. That purpose would be frustrated if nearby property owners could
24 effectively veto a surface raining operation by refusing to sign or authorize the application
25 for SM zoning. Presumably for that reason, the county drafted DCC 18.56.020 so that it
26 mandates imposition of the SMIA overlay zone on nearby properties, when the property that
Page 3
I is the subject of the application is zoned SM. That expression of specific intent overrides the
2 general code provisions petitioners cite that require the property owner or authorized agent to
3 sign an application for development or land use actions.
4 The first assignment of error is denied.
5 SECOND ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
6 OAR 660-023-0180 sets out standards governing a post-acknowledgment plan
7 amendment to allow mineral or aggregate mining. As a general overview, the rule requires
8 the county to (1) determine an impact or study area, (2) identify conflicts with certain uses
9 within that impact area, (3) determine reasonable and practicable measures that would
10 minimize identified conflicts, and (4) based on significant conflicts that cannot be
11 minimized, conduct an analysis of the economic, social, energy and environmental (ESEE)
12 consequences of allowing, limiting, or not allowing mining at the site.
13 The first step, identifying the impact area, is governed by OAR 660-023-0180(5)(a),
14 which requires that:
15 "The local government shall determine an impact area for the purpose of
16 identifying conflicts with the proposed mining and processing activities. The
17 impact area shall be large enough to include uses listed in subsection (b) of
18 this section and shall be limited to 1,500 feet from the boundaries of the
19 mining area, except where factual information indicates significant potential
20 conflicts beyond this distance."
21 The hearings officer recommended an expanded impact area that would allow
22 evaluation of conflicts with a number of specific uses located beyond 1,500 feet, including
23 (1) the Pine Mountain Observatory, (2) sage grouse habitat, and (3) cattle operations on the
24 Evans Well Ranch. The county board of commissioners ultimately adopted an impact zone
25 . that corresponds with the boundaries of the SM1A overlay zone, approximately one-half mile
26 from the boundaries of the subject property. That one-half mile impact zone is larger than
27 the 1,500-foot impact area specified in OAR 660-023-0180, but does not include the above
28 uses. The commissioners determined that no "factual information indicates significant
Page 4
I potential conflicts beyond" the one-half mile boundary, and thus declined to expand the
2 impact area or evaluate conflicts with the above uses.
3 Petitioners challenge that determination and argue that the county erred in failing to
4 expand the impact area to evaluate the above uses. We address each in turn.
5 A. Pine Mountain Observatory
6 The Pine Mountain Observatory is located on Pine Mountain, approximately 6.5
7 miles southeast of the subject property. The observatory's resident astronomer testified that
8 the observatory is downwind of the proposed mining site during the summer, when
9 prevailing winds are from the northwest, and that dust from the operation would blow
10 directly over the observatory, impacting it in two ways: (1) by refracting light, interfering
11 with observations, and (2) by settling on the sensitive lenses and instruments at the
12 observatory, which are open to the air, requiring increased maintenance and risk of damage.
13 The astronomer stated that in recent years dust from development in the region has increased,
14 reducing the quality of observations, damaging instruments and causing them to "lock up."
15 According to the astronomer, dust from the proposed mining operation will "greatly
16 increas[e]" the existing dust problems. Supp Rec 3. The combination of impacts from
17 existing dust and light pollution and the proposed quarry risks eliminating the observatory as
18 an "actual research facility" for the University of Oregon. Supp Rec 3.
19 In response, intervenor submitted evidence that there have been no complaints
20 regarding dust at their other mining and crushing sites, some of which are located within
21 urban growth boundaries or close to residential uses. The commissioners ultimately agreed
22 with intervenor that the evidence in the record did not establish that dust from the proposed
23 mining/crushing operation would "significantly" conflict with the observatory, and the
24 commissioners thus declined to expand the impact area to include the observatory.'
1 The commissioners' findings state, in relevant part:
Page 5
I Petitioners argue that the commissioners' decision with respect to the observatory is
2 not supported by substantial evidence. According to petitioners, the astronomer's testimony
3 is unrefuted factual information indicating "significant potential conflicts" with the
4 observatory, and therefore the county erred in failing to expand the impact area to include the
5 observatory.
6 Substantial evidence is evidence a reasonable person would rely on in reaching a
7 decision. City of Portland v. Bureau of Labor and Ind., 298 Or 104, 119, 690 P2d 475
8 (1984); Bay v. State Board of Education, 233 Or 601, 605, 378 P2d 558 (1963); Carsey v.
9 Deschutes County, 21 Or LUBA 118, aff'd 108 Or App 339, 815 P2d 233 (1991). In
10 reviewing the evidence, however, we may not substitute our judgment for that of the local
11 decision maker. Rather, we must consider all the evidence in the record to which we are
12 directed, and determine whether, based on that evidence, the local decision maker's
13 conclusion is supported by substantial evidence. Younger v. City of Portland, 305 Or 346,
"The Pine Mountain Observatory is approximately 6.5 miles east of the subject property
located on top of Pine Mountain. A potential conflict that was identified was dust emanating
from the proposed mining operations. The issue is whether this would be a `significant'
potential conflict justifying an expansion of the impact area. The Observatory is a substantial
distance from the subject property. There are a number of other activities occurring within
the Millican Valley and surrounding Paulina Mountains that currently generate dust. These
would include the off-road vehicle trails near Millican, the unpaved dirt roads throughout the
Millican Valley as well as in the Paulina Mountains, which are heavily used for recreational
and hunting purposes, and dust which naturally occurs in Central Oregon. Dust is most likely.
to occur during crushing operations on the site. However, there was testimony that the
Applicant operates similar crushing sites at its Century Drive pit in Bend, Oregon, which is
only 300 yards from the entrance to the Broken Top, which is an upscale, golf, planned unit
development. There have been no complaints regarding dust from Applicant's crushing
operation. Applicant has also operated a crusher within the city limits of the City of
Redmond at the Fireman's Pond. There have been no complaints from the operation of that
surface mine. Applicant also operates a mining operation east of Alfalfa on George Millican
Road. There have been no complaints of dust emanating from this site. Applicant also
operates a crusher at its O'Neil Junction pit outside of Prineville. No complaints with regard
to dust have been received. Based upon the distance from the subject property to the Pine
Mountain Observatory, the activities that currently exist within the Millican Valley, and
evidence of Applicant's other crushing operations in Central Oregon, dust would not be a
significant potential conflict for the Pine Mountain Observatory. Therefore, the Board finds
that the Pine Mountain Observatory is too far to be considered within the mining site's impact
area." Record 9-10.
Page 6
1 358-60, 752 P2d 262 (1988); 1000 Friends of Oregon v. Marion County, 116 Or App 584,
2 588, 842 P2d 441 (1992).
3 The astronomer's testimony is substantial evidence, and the county almost certainly
4 could have relied on that testimony to conclude that the proposed mine represents a
5 significant potential conflict with the observatory, justifying an expanded impact area.
6 However, intervenor argues, and we agree, that that testimony is not so compelling that no
7 reasonable decision maker could reach a contrary conclusion. The astronomer's testimony
8 assumes that the proposed mining/crushing operation would produce a significant amount of
9 dust, and apparently did not take into account the use of water to control dust and the use of
10 paved internal roads, as required by the county's decision. See Record 579-80 (colloquy
11 between the astronomer and commissioners). As the findings note, there are many other
12 sources of dust in the area, and it is not at all clear that whatever amount of dust the mine
13 produces would be significant relative to the existing level of dust. In our view, a reasonable
14 person could conclude based on the whole record that dust from the operation would not be a
15 significant potential conflict with the observatory. Accordingly, we must affirm the county's
16 decision not to expand the impact area to include the observatory.
17 This subassignment of error is denied.
18 B. Sage Grouse
19 The commissioners declined to expand the impact area to include a sage grouse lek
20 (strutting ground) located near the subject property, finding:
21 "The proposed surface mining operation is within 1.25 miles of a sensitive
22 bird and mammal site. This is a sage grouse site (lek), listed as Site No. DE
23 0999-01 on the County's Wildlife Inventory * * However, the mining site
24 is located outside of the sensitive bird and mammal (SBM) combining zone,
25 and does not require SMB review under [DCC 18.90]. Since the mining site
26 is outside of the SMB combining zone and the sage grouse site is protected by
27 the SBM combining zone, this site does not represent a significant potential
28 conflict requiring the expansion of the impact area." Record 10.
Page 7
I Petitioners argue that the county failed to consider that the subject property is located
2 on or near flight paths between the lek and nearby nesting sites, and that noise and dust from
3 the mine may disrupt sage grouse flight patterns. Petitioners cite to a map from the county
4 comprehensive plan at Supplemental Record 77 that identifies sage grouse nest sites, leks
5 and flight paths in the Millican Valley area, which appears to show the subject property in
6 the middle of several flight paths to and between nest sites and leks. Petitioners also cite to
7 testimony that sage grouse are highly sensitive to disturbance. Petitioners contend that the
8 county's finding fails to address this testimony, indeed makes no findings regarding any
9 "factual information" at all, but instead simply relies on the SMB combining zone to
10 conclude that the mine will not represent a significant potential conflict with the identified
11 lek.2
12 Respondents make no meaningful response to this argument, other than to assert that
13 the county's decision is supported by substantial evidence. If we understand petitioners'
14 argument correctly, they dispute the county unexplained finding that the SBM zone is
15 sufficient to protect the leks sites. We understand petitioners to contend that despite the
16 SBM zone the proposed mining poses "significant potential conflicts" with the leks sites and
17 thus the impact area needs to be expanded. According to petitioners, sage grouse use of the
18 leks is dependent on flight patterns that cross over or near the subject property, and "factual
19 information" in the record indicates that the mining activity may disrupt those flight patterns,
20 which in turn may disrupt use of the leks. Absent a more focused response from the county
21 or intervenor we agree with petitioners that the county's findings are inadequate to explain
22 why the county can reasonably rely on the SBM zone to conclude there will be no
23 "significant potential conflicts" with the leks and thus decline to expand the impact area to
24 include them.
z Although the decision and the parties do not make this clear, we assume that the leks and other areas
protected by the SBM zone are inventoried Goal 5 resources.
Page 8
I This subassignment of error is sustained.
2 C. Evans Well Ranch
3 The commissioners declined to expand the impact area to include the Evans Well
4 Ranch, located four miles south of the subject property, finding:
5 "The potential conflicts [with Evans Well Ranch] would include noise, dust,
6 traffic, vibrations, water draw down, visual impacts and quality of life. This
7 site is located over four miles south of the subject property. There will be no
8 traffic generated by the mining site that will go past this Ranch. There is no
9 evidence that the Ranch will be impacted by noise. There is evidence that the
10 proposed mining activities will not affect the valley water supply. * *
11 Record 10.
12 Petitioners cite to testimony from the owners of the ranch at Record 103, stating that
13 if cattle avoid one part of a pasture due to noise or dust, they will overuse another portion,
14 which could lead to smaller or fewer calves and resulting direct financial loss to the ranchers.
15 The owners also speculated that if the mining operation impacts sensitive sage grouse
16 populations, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) may restrict grazing on the ranchers'
17 allotments in the area, forcing the ranchers to rely more on privately owned land and
18 incurring additional costs. Petitioners argue that this testimony is unref ited, and that the
19 county erred in failing to expand the study area to include the Evans Well Ranch.
20 The ranchers state that part of their BLM grazing allotment is within the half-mile
21 impact area. Record 99. We understand the letter at Record 103 to assert that blasting and
22 other impacts of the proposed mining will cause cattle on that allotment to abandon that
23 pasture and instead graze more heavily on the privately owned pastures on the ranch itself,
24 outside the impact area, significantly increasing the rancher's costs and reducing their
25 income. The ranchers also speculate that mining impacts on sensitive sage grouse habitat
26 and flight patterns may cause the BLM to restrict grazing on their allotments, further
27 impacting the ranch.
28 Intervenor does not cite to any countervailing evidence supporting the county's
29 finding of no "significant potential conflicts" with the Evans Well Ranch. The record may
Page 9
I include such evidence, but without some assistance from respondents on this point, we will
2 not independently search the record for such evidence. In any event, in view of the above-
3 noted testimony that the proposed mining will conflict with nearby cattle operations, the
4 county must explain in its findings why it believes, despite that testimony, that the proposed
5 mining will not result in "significant potential conflicts" with respect to the Evans Well
6 Ranch. As it stands, on this question, the county's decision is not supported by adequate
7 findings or substantial evidence.
8 This subassignment of error is sustained.
9 D. Residential Uses
10 Petitioners argue:
11 The County's decision excludes other residences from the impact boundary
12 without any finding or identified reason for such exclusion. The County erred
13 as a matter of law in so excluding those other residences identified by the
14 Hearings Official." Petition for Review 11.
15 Petitioners do not specify where these "other residences" are located. The hearings
16 officer's recommendation includes a table listing existing uses, including "Other residences."
17 The table simply notes that the location of these residences "varies" and that potential
18 conflict issues include "quality of life; traffic." Record 778. As far as we can tell, the
19 hearings officer did not recommend that the impact area be expanded to include these
20 unidentified residences, which perhaps accounts for why the commissioners did not adopt
21 findings explaining why they are not included in the impact area. Petitioners do not identify
22 their location, or explain why these dwellings should be included in the impact area. Absent
23 a more developed argument, petitioners have not established that the county erred in
24 excluding these unidentified residences from the impact area.
25 This subassignment of error is denied.
26 The second assignment of error is sustained, in part.
Page 10
I THIRD ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
2 Petitioners contend that the county misconstrued OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) in
3 concluding that the county may not consider impacts on existing uses that involve "quality of
4 life" and "aesthetic concerns."
5 The county found:
6 "After reviewing all the above uses that are further than a half-mile from the
7 property line, the Board fmds that the impact on quality of life of [residents]
8 and visitors to the Millican Valley and aesthetic concerns may not be
9 considered because OAR 660-023-0180(5) limits the type of conflicts that
10 may be considered to those listed in that section. Morse Bros., Inc. vs.
11 Columbia County, 37 Or LUBA 85 (1999), armed 165 Or App 512 [996
12 P2d 1023] (2000). * * Record 10-11.
13 Petitioners argue, to the contrary, that OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) requires the
14 county to consider "[c]onflicts due to noise, dust or other discharges with regard to those
15 existing and approved uses and associated activities (e.g., house and schools) that are
16 sensitive to such discharges."3 According to petitioners, adverse impacts on residents'
s OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b) provides, in relevant part:
"(b) The local government shall determine existing or approved land uses within the
impact area that will be adversely affected by proposed mining operations and shall
specify the predicted conflicts. For purposes of this section, `approved land uses' are
dwellings allowed by a residential zone on existing platted lots and other uses for
which conditional or final approvals have been granted by the local government. For
determination of conflicts from proposed mining of a significant aggregate site, the
local government shall limit its consideration to the following:
"(A) Conflicts due to noise, dust, or other discharges with regard to those
existing and approved uses and associated activities (e.g., houses and
schools) that are sensitive to such discharges;
"(B) Potential conflicts to local roads used for access and egress to the mining
site within one mile of the entrance to the mining site unless a greater
distance is necessary in order to include the intersection with the nearest
arterial identified in the local transportation plan. Conflicts shall be
determined based on clear and objective standards regarding sight
distances, road capacity, cross section elements, horizontal and vertical
alignment, and similar items in the transportation plan and implementing
ordinances. Such standards for trucks associated with the mining operation
shall be equivalent to standards for other trucks of equivalent size, weight,
and capacity that haul other materials;
Page 11
I "quality of life" or aesthetic concerns must be considered as long as those impacts are caused
2 by "noise, dust or other discharges."
3 Intervenor responds that the county's decision in fact addressed noise, dust and other
4 impacts on the residents of the Walker dwelling, the only dwelling within the one-half mile
5 impact area, but the commissioners properly did not consider any quality of life or aesthetic
6 concerns that are unrelated to noise and dust discharges.
7 We agree with petitioners that any conflict with existing and approved uses, including
8 residential uses, that are sensitive to such discharges and that are caused by "noise, dust or
9 other discharges" from the mining operation must be considered under OAR 660-023-
10 0180(5)(b)(A). Therefore, if "noise, dust or other discharges" result in "quality of life"
11 concerns, and even "aesthetic concerns," they may be considered. Although the rule limits
12 the types of uses that can be conflicting uses, it does not qualify or limit the scope of
13 "conflicts" that may be caused by noise, dust or other discharges. For example, if there is
14 substantial evidence that the residents of a dwelling within the impact area will suffer an
15 adverse impact on their "quality of life" due to noise or dust discharges from a mining
16 operation, the county must consider such conflicts.
17 Conversely, we agree with intervenor that impacts on "quality of life" or "aesthetic
18 concerns" that are not caused by noise, dust or other discharges from a mining operation
19 need not be considered. Visual impacts, for example, are not "noise, dust or other
20 discharges," so the fact that residents may be offended at the sight of a mining operation or
"(D) Conflicts with other Goal 5 resource sites within the impact area that are
shown on an acknowledged list of significant resources and for which the
requirements of Goal 5 have been completed at the time the PAPA is
initiated;
"(E) Conflicts with agricultural practices[.]"
Page 12
I who feel that their quality of life has deteriorated due to the mere proximity of a mining site
2 is not something the county must consider under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A).
3 Here, the county considered impacts caused by noise, dust and vibrations on the
4 Walker residence, which is located approximately 2,300 feet from the subject property.
5 Record 12-13, 16-17. The county even considered impacts on the "quality of life on the
6 Walker Residence." Record 17. Petitioners do not challenge those findings. If there are
7 any impacts caused by noise, dust or other discharges on the Walker residence that the
8 county failed to consider, petitioners do not identify what they are. Accordingly, any error
9 the county may have made in interpreting OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) does not provide a
10 basis for reversal or remand.
11 The third assignment of error is denied.
12 FOURTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
13 Petitioners contend that the county failed to consider impacts on several existing or
14 approved land uses either on the subject property or within the one-half mile impact area,
15 including Spencer Wells Road, pygmy rabbit and sage grouse habitat, and possible native
16 american archeological and cultural sites within the portion of the Dry River Canyon located
17 on the subject property.
18 A. Spencer Wells Road
19 Spencer Wells Road is a paved county road that is the only access road to the subject
20 property. Petitioners argue that, while the county considered dust and traffic issues related to
21 Highway 20, the county failed to identify Spencer Wells Road as a potential conflicting use.
22 Intervenor responds that no party identified Spencer Wells Road as a potential
23 conflicting use or raised any issues regarding the road. The county found no traffic issues
24 involving Spencer Wells Road.
25 Petitioners do not assert that any party below identified Spencer Wells Road as a
26 potential conflicting use, or raised any issues regarding impacts on the road. Petitioners do
Page 13
I argue that the same "dust, traffic and maintenance issues" that the county identified with
2 respect to Highway 20 "also apply" to Spencer Wells Road. Petition for Review 13. We
3 reject, below, petitioners' challenges to the county's findings regarding impacts on Highway
4 20. Petitioners do not explain why the county's resolution of those issues with respect to
5 Highway 20 does not apply with equal force to Spencer Wells Road. The only attempt, in a
6 footnote, is a challenge to the county's reasoning that any increased maintenance costs to
7 Highway 20 would be offset by the fact that a similar number of trucks would use other
8 highways -if the mining is not approved.4 Petition for Review 13, n 5. Petitioners argue that
9 that reasoning would not apply to the Spencer Wells Road. However, that reasoning, for
10 what it is worth, seems to us equally applicable to Spencer Wells Road. If the mining
11 operation is not approved, the county will obtain the necessary aggregate from other sites
12 that presumably are accessed by other county roads. Petitioners have not established that the
13 county erred in failing to identify Spencer Wells Road as a potential conflicting use.
14 This subassignment of error is denied.
15 B. Wildlife Habitat
16 Petitioners argue that the county failed to properly consider impacts on sensitive
17 pygmy rabbit and sage grouse habitat located on the subject property. According to
18 petitioners, intervenor's own wildlife expert identified what might be pygmy rabbit burrows
19 and possible sage grouse "dusting" sites on the subject property. Yet, petitioners argue, the
20 county concluded that "there was no conclusive evidence of [pygmy rabbits or sage grouse]
21 being found on this project site." Record 14.
4 The county's analysis of economic consequences of allowing the proposing mining use includes the
following finding:
"U.S. Highway 20: The only economic impact that can be identified to US. Highway 20,
which is the other approved land use, would be increased maintenance on the Highway.
However, this will be offset by the fact that these trucks will be on some other highway in
Central Oregon if this site is not approved." Record 17.
Page 14
I Intervenor responds that the county considered wildlife habitat on the subject
2 property, and concluded, based on the report by intervenor's biologist in consultation with
3 the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODF&W), that neither pygmy rabbits nor sage
4 grouse were present on the property. We agree with intervenor that petitioners misread the
5 biologist's report. The biologist found one set of burrows with some but not all of the
6 characteristics of pygmy rabbit burrows, and concluded that there was "some possibility"
7 that the burrows belonged to pygmy rabbits rather than other, non-sensitive species, but
8 ultimately found no conclusive evidence that pygmy rabbits existed on the property. With
9 respect to the sage grouse "dusting" site, the biologist ultimately concluded that it was a
10 dusting site for the non-sensitive kangaroo rat. The report supports the county's finding that
I 1 there is no conclusive evidence of pygmy rabbits or sage grouse on the property.
12 This subassignment of error is denied.
13 C. Native American Archeological and Cultural Sites
14 The northern portion of the subject property includes a section of the Dry River
15 Canyon. Petitioners cite to evidence that the Dry River Canyon area in general is one of the
16 most important archeological areas in the state, and an area that is used for cultural and
17 religious purposes by several recognized Oregon tribes. Intervenor hired an expert to
18 conduct an archeological survey of the portion of the subject property that would be mined.
19 According to petitioners, the expert focused on the mining site itself, and did not examine the
20 majority of the canyon area on the property, which lies mostly within a 600-foot buffer zone
21 between the mining site and Highway 20. Nonetheless, petitioners point out, the survey
22 found a prehistoric tool manufacturing site, among others, in or near the-canyon. The expert
23 found that none of the archeological sites were significant, however, and concluded that the
24 proposed mining would not impact any significant archeological resources.
I
25 Petitioners argue that the county erred in not requiring the applicant to survey the rest
26 of the canyon on the subject property. The ostensible reason for not surveying the rest of the
Page 15
I canyon was because that portion is within a 600-foot buffer area between the mining site
2 itself and Highway 20 that will not be mined. However, petitioners contend, intervenor was
3 afraid of what its expert might find if allowed to fully survey the canyon.
4 Intervenor responds that the county evaluated impacts on a known archeological site
5 that is located on the Walker property, approximately 3,044 feet from the mining site.
6 Pictograms are located on that site. The county found that that site would not impacted by
7 blasting vibrations or dust. However, that response misses the mark. Petitioners' argument
8 concerns possible archeological sites in the portion of Dry River Canyon located on the
9 subject property, within several hundred feet of the mining site, not the known site on the
10 Walker property. Nothing cited to us in the county's decision addresses potential mining
11 conflicts with those possible sites.
12 Nonetheless, petitioners do not identify any administrative rule or other applicable
13 land use regulation that requires the applicant to survey the portion of Dry River Canyon
14 within the 600-foot buffer area between the mining site and Highway 20 for undiscovered
15 archeological sites. Such sites, if they exist, are not inventoried Goal 5 resources. In any
16 case, petitioners merely speculate that significant archeological sites may exist in the
17 unsurveyed portion, but there is apparently no evidence on that point whatsoever.
18 Accordingly, petitioners have not demonstrated that the county erred in failing to consider
19 conflicts with unknown archeological sites within the 600-foot buffer.
20 This subassignment of error is denied.
21 The fourth assignment of error is denied.
22 FIFTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
23 Petitioners contend that the county failed to address all of the potential conflicts with
24 a known archeological site with native pictograms that is located on the Walker property
25 within the impact area north of Highway 20. According to petitioners, the county evaluated
26 only the impacts of vibration and dust under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) and failed to
Page 16
I evaluate the risk that fires stemming from mining activities on the subject property could
2 damage the pictograms. Petitioners also contend the county ignored testimony from a forest
3 service archeologist that diesel exhaust and other discharges from mining activities might
4 damage the pictograms.
5 Intervenor responds that the subject property is part of the Oregon high desert, and
6 there is no reason to believe that a fire started on the subject property would significantly
7 increase the existing chances that wildfire could damage the pictograms, which have
8 survived thousands of years of wildfires. Intervenor notes that the pictograms are separated
9 from the mining site by Highway 20, and that the decision requires intervenor to procure a
10 water right and construct a storage pond on site, which reduces whatever likelihood exists
11 that mining activities might start a fire that could spread across the highway to the pictogram
12 site 3,000 feet away. Intervenor argues that the county properly did not consider fire and
13 diesel exhaust as "discharges" that required consideration under OAR 660-023-
14 0 1 80(5)(b)(A).
15 We agree with intervenor. Even assuming a wildfire caused by mining activities is
16 properly viewed as a "discharge" for purposes of OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A), petitioners
17 cite to no evidence suggesting that mining activities are likely to increase the risk of wildfires
18 in the area or the risk to the pictogram site, especially given the barrier formed by Highway
19 20. With respect to diesel exhaust, petitioners cite to no evidence suggesting that diesel
20 emissions from mining operations are likely to impact the pictogram site, or impact it to any
21 greater degree than emissions from existing traffic on Highway 20, which is much closer to
22 the pictogram site. Accordingly, petitioners' arguments under this assignment of error do not
23 provide a basis for reversal or remand.
24 The fifth assignment of error is denied.
Page 17
I SIXTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
2 As noted, OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) requires the county to identify conflicts due
3 to "discharges with regard to those existing and approved uses and associated activities (e.g.,
4 houses and schools) that are sensitive to such discharges." Petitioners contend that the
5 county erred in evaluating only "approved" uses under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A), and
6 failed to properly evaluate "existing" uses such as the pictograms on the Walker property, the
7 historic Coyote Well, Highway 20, and the Best Shelter.
8 As an initial matter, it is not clear to us that the county limited its evaluation to
9 "approved" uses and ignored "existing" uses, as petitioners claim. Petitioners cite no finding
10 to that effect, other than to a finding at Record 12 that the Walker residence is the only
11 "approved" use in the impact area. However, that finding appears to be correct, as far as it
12 goes. The finding does not suggest that the county declined to evaluate "existing" uses. That
13 observation aside, we turn to petitioners' particular arguments.
14 A. Pictograms
15 The county identified dust and vibration impacts as potential conflicts with the
16 pictograms on the Walker property. Petitioners argue that the pictograms are "existing" uses,
17 and repeat their above arguments that the county failed to evaluate fire and diesel exhaust
18 emissions. In addition, petitioners dispute the evidence submitted by intervenor's expert
19 below that blasting from the mining site would not disturb the pictograms. Finally,
20 petitioners argue that even if the blasting does not disturb the pictograms, it may disturb
21 native American religious and cultural ceremonies centered around the pictogram site.
22 The county found that the pictograms are not Goal 5 inventoried resources, and so do
23 not require evaluation under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(D). Record 13. Petitioners do not
24 dispute that finding, but instead argue that the pictograms are "existing" uses that must be
25 evaluated under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A). Intervenor does not dispute that view, and we
Page 18
I assume for purposes of this opinion that petitioners are correct. Instead, intervenor argues
2 only that the county properly evaluated conflicts with the pictograms.
3 We already rejected petitioners' arguments above that the county must consider fire
4 and exhaust conflicts as well as dust and vibrations, and do not repeat that analysis here.
5 With respect to blasting impacts on the pictograms, intervenor cites to a vibrations study
6 concluding that the proposed blasting would fall well below European standards for
7 protecting cultural resources from vibration and would not harm the pictograms. Although
8 petitioners critique that study on various grounds, petitioners have not demonstrated that the
9 study is not substantial evidence that a decision maker could rely upon to reach a conclusion
10 regarding vibration impacts on the pictograms.
11 The issue of native American religious and cultural use of the area around the
12 pictograms is a more difficult one. Intervenor does not respond to that argument, and
13 nothing cited to us in the decision addresses it. Petitioners cite to testimony that the area
14 around the pictograms includes numerous burial sites, and that tribal members visit the area
15 to conduct religious and cultural ceremonies honoring their ancestors. ;),A--,Ap l cultural
16 resoufce~ protection,speciAlist=stated-that the! proposed mining oeration ,would. destroy an`,
17 area that demands quiet for tribal members that visit for religious and cultural purposes.
18 Absentcsome;,response>from, ntervetiof~orithefcounty~.onr,,this issue, we~agree-With-petitionersr''
19 that,rernan4qs necessary fbtithe=c6unty=to evaluate=whether-such visits are «existing'=fuses for:.
20 purposes of OAR 660-023=0:180(5)(b)(A) and, if so; to -evaluate alleged conflicts ,with: those:,..
21 ,-uses;; i~
22 This subassignment of error is sustained, in part.
23 B. Coyote Well
24 Coyote Well is a historic structure located approximately 1,350 feet from the subject
25 property. The county identified vibrations and water draw down as potential conflicts, and
26 concluded that the proposed mining operation would not impact the aquifer that feeds the
Page 19
1 well. Record 14. However, petitioners argue.-that-the ,county .in in, :failed to evaluate? .
2 whether vibrations fromblasting• could unpact;the structure
3 Intervenor does not respond to this argument, and does not cite to any part of the
4 decision addressing the question of vibration impacts on Coyote Well. Accordingly, remand
5 is necessary so that the county can adopt findings to address that issue. This subassignment
6 of error is sustained.
7 C. Highway 20
8 The county identified dust as a potential conflict with Highway 20. Petitioners argue
9 that the county inadequately evaluated dust conflicts and failed to determine how such
10 conflicts may be mitigated under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c). See n 5. Further, petitioners
11 argue that the county failed to evaluate at all the possibility that blasting might send large
12 rocks onto the highway, endangering motorists. Petitioners cite to testimony that blasting at
13 one of intervenor's other mines caused rocks and debris to fall onto adjacent properties,
14 causing property damage
15 Intervenor responds that the county required the use of paved internal roads and water
16 to minimize dust from mining and crushing, and that such measures are sufficient to
17 minimize any conflict regarding dust between the mining operation and Highway 20. We
18 agree with intervenor. Petitioners do not explain why those measures are inadequate or what
19 further evaluation the county is required to undertake with respect to dust impacts on
20 Highway 20.
21 With respect to blasting, intervenor responds elsewhere that petitioners rely upon one
22 isolated incident involving a different mining operation and do not explain why there is any
23 basis for concern that blasting on the subject property will cause rocks and debris to impact
24 Highway 20. Again, we agree. The county required a 600-foot buffer area between the
25 mining site and Highway 20. There may be evidence in the record indicating that that buffer
26 area is insufficient to protect the highway from flying rocks and debris generated by blasting
Page 20
I at the proposed levels, but if so petitioners do not cite it to us. This subassignment of error is
2 denied.
3 D. Best Shelter
4 The county identified dust, noise, traffic and vibrations as potential conflicts with the
5 Best Shelter, which apparently is a historic structure of some type located on private property
6 approximately 1,775 feet from the subject property. Petitioners argue, however, that the
7 county failed to evaluate those potential impacts and either mitigate any impacts under
8 OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c) or address them under the ESEE analysis at OAR 660-023-
9 0180(5)(d). See ns 5 and 8, below.
10 Intervenor responds, simply, that "there is no real good identity of what that shelter
11 consists of," and that "[t]he owner of the property did not testify or submit any other
12 information." Response Brief 7. Those responses may be accurate, but they do not give us a
13 basis to reject petitioners' arguments. fnterv`enor'does nof'cit to aiiy 'findings thatfia`ddress
14 r 'e~onflie't's ` ith ' l e` sl elt ~:or`• e -1"iii vbli ' sucl 'conflicts"need' not°bcdddres9e811'~Ihis
15 subassignment of error is sustained.
16 The sixth assignment of error is sustained, in part.
17 SEVENTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
18 Petitioners repeat under this assignment of error their arguments that the county failed
19 to address under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(A) other "discharges" such as fire, diesel exhaust
20 and flying rocks, addressed above. We reject those arguments for the reasons expressed
21 above.
22 The seventh assignment of error is denied.
23 EIGHTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
24 OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(E) requires the county to consider "[c]onflicts with
25 agricultural uses." See n 3. OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c) provides that minimizing identified
Page 21
I conflicts with agricultural practices means conforming to the requirements of ORS 215.296.5
2 The statute, in turn, requires findings on whether the proposed use would force a significant
3 change in or significantly increase the cost of agricultural practices on nearby lands.6
4 Petitioners challenge the following finding:
5 "Staff reviewed in detail the potential conflicts that occur for uses allowed in
6 the EFU/HR Zone in the Staff Report dated January 6, 2005. The Board
7 concurs with the Staff findings on these potential conflicts and, thus, excerpts
8 from that Staff Report are incorporated herein by reference. See Exhibit G.
9 Within the impact area itself, the only agricultural uses have been very limited
10 dry land grazing and would not be considered significant." Record 13-14.
11 Petitioners argue that the county misunderstood OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b)(E) to be
12 limited to evaluation of conflicts with "significant" agricultural uses. However, petitioners
13 argue, the rule includes no such qualification, and plainly requires that the county evaluate
14 conflicts with any agricultural uses within the impact area, whether significant or not.
15 Petitioners argue that the county failed to determine whether proposed measures would
16 minimize conflicts to agricultural practices under ORS 215.296, and in fact did not address
17 the statute at all. Petitioners cite to the testimony of the Evans Well ranchers that impacts of
s OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c) sets out the third step in the Goal 5 aggregate and mineral resources evaluation
process, that of minimizing conflicts identified under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(b):
"The local government shall determine reasonable and practicable measures that would
minimize the conflicts identified under subsection (b) of this section. To determine whether
proposed measures would minimize conflicts to agricultural practices, the requirements of
ORS 215.296 shall be followed rather than the requirements of this section. If reasonable and
practicable measures are identified to minimize all identified conflicts, mining shall be
allowed at the site and subsection (d) of this section is not applicable. If identified conflicts
cannot be minimized, subsection (d) of this section applies."
6 ORS 215.296(1) provides:
"A use allowed under ORS 215.213 (2) or 215.283 (2) may be approved only where the local
governing body or its designee fmds that the use will not:
"(a) Force a significant change in accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding lands
devoted to farm or forest use; or
"(b) Significantly increase the cost of accepted farm or forest practices on surrounding
lands devoted to farm or forest use."
Page 22
1 the proposed mining may significantly change or cause significant increase in the costs of
2 their ranching practices.
3 Intervenor responds that nothing in the record indicates that dry land grazing within
4 the one-half mile impact area would be affected by the proposed mining.
5 Petitioners are correct that, for purposes of identifying conflicts with agricultural uses
6 within the impact area under the second step of the Goal 5 process at OAR 660-023-
7 0 1 80(5)(b)(E), the rule is not concerned with the relative significance of the agricultural use.
8 Petitioners are also correct that, as required under the third step of the Goal 5 process, the
9 county's decision does not address ORS 215.296, or make any explicit effort to determine
10 whether there are proposed measures would minimize conflicts to agricultural practices
11 under that statute.
12 As discussed under the second assignment of error, the owners of the Evens Well
13 Ranch apparently graze their cattle on BLM allotments within the half-mile impact area, and
14 testified that the mining operation would adversely affect grazing on those allotments, and
15 would significantly change grazing operations and significantly increase the costs of grazing
16 operations on the entire ranch. The county's findings do not address that testimony and, as
17 noted, do not address ORS 215.296 or evaluate whether there are measures that would
18 minimize conflicts with agricultural uses, under the third step of the Goal 5 process at
19 OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c). The" above-quoted findings }incorporate uii dentYfi6d V Rcerpts,
20 *b0z-the J t Car b2005` t ff report *which tsk found begfriiung'at' Record 1°562 However,
21 noth! ng'cited to us iii dot st~f report adtlressbs hipficts`o grazing in'getreral'or the grazing
22 operation of the Evens Well Ranch in particular.
23 The eighth assignment of error is sustained.
24 NINTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
25 The proposed mining site includes the lowest area in the Dry River drainage, called
26 Teepee Draw. Petitioners cite to testimony from a geologist expressing concern that once the
Page 23
I mining pit reached a certain depth, it will draw water from nearby shallow perched aquifers
2 that support the Dry River and hydrologic features such as Coyote Well. Record 878-79.
3 The county addressed these concerns by adopting the following finding:
4 "There was concern expressed about water. The Applicant has applied for a
5 water right permit for a well to be located on the property. There is no
6 evidence that this groundwater right will in any way impact the regional
7 aquifer. It will not have any effect on small aquifers like the one feeding the
8 Coyote Well. See Letter from Oregon Water Resource Dept. of 7/22/05 and
9 E-mail from Marshall Gannit of 08/02/05, Exhibit `A'." Record 14.
10 ~ tt er rgue,~t tath questt~n is fwtiw 4therrit gEwell to be drilled on the subject
J the minti?gpit, ttselswilliid®watert
11 pr p Xty, wtll,un}zacti the pg
12 ,near " y "I "shallow perched .differs IrAocording to petitioners, the county's findings are non-
13 responsive to that concern expressed by the geologist.
14 Intervenor makes no meaningful response to this assignment of error. Petitioners
15 appear to be correct that the county misunderstood the issue to be whether the groundwater
16 well into the regional aquifer would impact the shallow perched aquifers, and did not
17 evaluate the concern raised by the geologist that the mining pit itself might impact those
18 aquifers. We agree with petitioners that remand is necessary to address this issue and
19 conduct any necessary evaluations under OAR 660-023-0180(5).
20 The ninth assignment of error is sustained.
21 TENTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
22 As noted, OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c) requires the county to determine reasonable and
23 practicable measures that would minimize identified conflicts. See n 5. The only identified
24 conflict the county considered under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(c) is with antelope winter range,
25 a Goal 5-inventoried resource, protected by a wildlife overlay zone that applies to the subject
26 property. The county concluded that with restrictions on blasting and crushing during certain
27 winter periods that the conflict would be minimized.
Page 24
I Petitioners challenge those findings under this assignment of error, arguing that the
2 county failed to adequately mitigate adverse impacts, as required by OAR 660-023-
3 0180(5)(c), with respect to the Goal 5 protected antelope winter range, as well as non-Goal 5
4 wildlife habitat. 7
5 A. Antelope Winter Range
6 Intervenor's wildlife expert consulted with ODF&W and proposed the following
7 mitigation or means of minimizing the conflict with antelope winter range, quoted in the
8 county's decision at Record 14:
9 "Blasting and crushing will cease during periods of severe winter weather
10 conditions that may force antelope with no alternative winter range into the
11 area adjacent to the rock pit. [ODF&W's biologist] will monitor severe
12 winter conditions based on snow depth, temperature, and numbers of antelope
13 within 2 miles of the rock pit. [The biologist] will notify the applicant when
14 cessation of crushing and blasting is deemed necessary by the [biologist] due
15 to antelope winter range conditions. Cessation of blasting and crushing may
16 be necessary within 24 hrs. notice due to the nature of winter storms. The
17 applicant may choose to remove crushing equipment if crushing/blasting
18 cessation is necessary, and this removal will take up to two weeks from the
19 date of notice of cessation."
20 The findings recite that ODF&W reviewed the proposed mitigation and concluded
21 that it is sufficient to protect antelope during the winter months that the range is used.
22 Petitioners argue that the proposed mitigation and the county's findings are
23 inadequate, because they fail to address the possibility that the mining operation may dewater
24 the perched aquifers that support standing water in the area, including Coyote Well.
25 Petitioners also contend that even if blasting and crushing is stopped for certain periods
26 during the winter, the noise of excavation, haul trucks, generators etc. is on-going and is
27 likely to drive antelope away from the site. Further, petitioners contend that ODF&W
28 expected further mitigations that in fact were not forthcoming. Finally, petitioners dispute
Petitioners also repeat their arguments under the eighth assignment of error with respect to impacts on
livestock grazing, and their arguments under the fourth assignment of error with respect to pygmy rabbits and
sage grouse habitat. We do not address those arguments here.
Page 25
I the adequacy of the cessation requirements, arguing that blasting and crushing could
2 continue for up to 24 hours after a cessation warning.
3 Intervenor responds that the expert's wildlife study and ODF&W's letter concurring
4 with the proposed mitigation are substantial evidence supporting the county's findings that
5 the proposed measures adequately minimize identified conflicts with antelope winter range.
6 We generally agree. Petitioners cite no evidence that antelope using the winter range rely
7 upon Coyote Well or other local sources of water supported by perched aquifers in the area.
8 That may be the case, but without some evidence to that effect we decline to remand for
9 findings on that issue. Similarly, petitioners cite to no evidence that noises associated with.
10 mining activities other than blasting or crushing are likely to drive antelopes away from
11 winter range during cessation periods.
12 The ODF&W letter at Record 1665 concludes that the proposed mitigation is
13 "sufficient" to protect antelope winter range. The letter does state that the agency is
14 "look[ing] forward to reviewing the remaining measures that [intervenor] will put into the
15 ESEE analysis to mitigate the effects of the surface mining activity," but nothing in the letter
16 suggests that the "remaining measures" that ODF&W was looking forward to reviewing
17 related to antelope winter range, or otherwise qualifies the agency's view that the proposed
18 antelope winter range mitigation is "sufficient." ODF&W's opinion on that point is
19 substantial evidence, and petitioners' unsupported preference for more rigorous minimization
20 measures is not a basis for remanding the county's decision.
21 The tenth assignment of error is denied.
22 ELEVENTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
23 OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) sets out the final step in the Goal 5 analysis, requiring that
24 the local government determine, based on significant conflicts that cannot be minimized, the
Page 26
I ESEE consequences of either allowing, limiting or not allowing mining.8 The county
2 applied OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) to four conflicting uses: the Walker residence, antelope
3 winter range, Highway 20, and agricultural uses, and ultimately concluded based on analysis
4 of the ESEE consequences that "mining should be allowed on the site, subject to certain
5 required measures to minimize conflicts." Record 19.
6 Petitioners contend that the county's analysis of ESEE consequences of allowing
7 mining is inadequate, in a number of particulars. Many of petitioners' arguments under this
8 assignment of error rehash issues raised in earlier assignments of error, involving earlier
9 steps of the Goal 5 process, some of which were resolved in petitioners' favor and others that
10 were not. The issues that were not resolved in petitioners' favor also do not provide a basis
11 to remand the county's findings under the fourth step ESEE process at OAR 660-023-
12 0180(5)(d). The issues that were resolved in petitioners' favor may or may not require
13 modified or additional findings under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d), depending on how the
14 county responds to our remand of those issues. That is, on remand, the county must adopt
15 amended or additional findings addressing those remanded assignments or subassignments of
16 error. Depending on the conclusions reached in those amended or additional findings, the
17 county may be required to adopt amended or additional findings under its ESEE analysis for
18 purposes of OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d).
a OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) provides:
"The local government shall determine any significant conflicts identified under the
requirements of subsection (c) of this section that cannot be minimized. Based on these
conflicts only, local government shall determine the ESEE consequences of either allowing,
limiting, or not allowing mining at the site. Local governments shall reach this decision by
weighing these ESEE consequences, with consideration of the following:
"(A) The degree of adverse effect on existing land uses within the impact area;
"(B) Reasonable and practicable measures that could be taken to reduce the identified
adverse effects; and
"(C) The probable duration of the mining operation and the proposed post-mining use of
the site."
Page 27
I Under these circumstances, we see no purpose in resolving petitioners' challenges to
2 the county's existing findings addressing OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d). Accordingly, we do not
3 reach the eleventh assignment of error.
4 TWELFTH ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
5 The twelfth assignment of error concerns the county's analysis of the ESEE
6 consequences from allowing mining to the Walker residence, which is located 2,300 feet
7 away from the mining site across Highway 20. Petitioners challenge the county's evaluation
8 of noise and dust impacts on the dwelling under OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d). Because no other
9 sustained assignment of error has involved impacts to the Walker residence, we see no reason
10 to delay or defer consideration of the arguments in this assignment of error.
11 A. Noise Impacts
12 The county concluded that noise from the mining operation will be "minimized by the
13 existence of Highway 20," and by the fact that the mining operation will occur below grade.
14 9 Petitioners challenge those conclusions, arguing that the highway noise will not mask the
15 mining operation noise, but rather that both sources of noise will stack on each other to
16 cumulatively increase the ambient noise. Further, petitioners note that the first phases of the
17 mining operation will necessarily occur above grade.
18 Intervenor argues that it submitted expert evidence as to the projected noise impact
19 on nearby uses, which petitioners do not challenge, concluding that at a distance of 1,500 feet
20 noise from the crusher would not rise above ambient noise levels. Record 343-44.
21 Petitioners cite to no contrary evidence. Petitioners also cite to no evidence that noise from
22 the highway and mining operation would "stack." We agree with intervenor that petitioners'
9 The county found, as follows:
* * Although the ambient noise levels should not increase with the operation of the surface
mine, it is likely that there will be noise from the site itself. However, this is minimized by
the existence of Highway 20, lying between the Walker residence and the proposed mining
operation, which will occur below grade." Record 17.
Page 28
I arguments regarding noise impacts on the Walker residence do not provide a basis for
2 remand.
3 B. Dust Impacts
4 The county found that intervenor will use water to minimize any dust impacts on the
5 Walker residence and further noted evidence that dust has not been an issue with intervenor's
6 other crushing sites, including two that occur within urban growth boundaries. to
7 Petitioners dispute those findings, arguing that comparison with intervenor's other
8 mining sites on which only crushing occurs is not sufficient, because it fails to account for
9 dust associated with the excavation and blasting that would also occur at the subject site.
10 Citing to photographs in the record, petitioners argue that blasting can generate considerable
11 amounts of dust. Petitioners argue that as far as they know water cannot be used to minimize
12 dust generated from blasting, and nothing in the decision or record quantifies or evaluates
13 dust from blasting.
14 Intervenor's entire response consists of the following sentence:
15 "The [county] is well aware of the other sites operated by [intervenor] and it
16 would not be appropriate for LUBA to substitute its judgment for the
17 judgment of the [county] in evaluating the prior performance of the
18 [intervenor]." Response Brief 11.
19 We do not understand the response, other than perhaps as a general assertion that the
20 challenged finding is supported by substantial evidence. Intervenor does not dispute
21 petitioners' assertions that the decision does not evaluate dust from blasting, that blasting
22 generates significant amounts of dust, that water cannot be used to control dust from blasting,
10 The county found, in relevant part:
"Dust could also have an impact on the Walker residence. The degree of impact will depend
upon the conditions imposed on any surface mining that would occur. The Applicant has a
water right and will be able to utilize water to minimize dust, especially during crushing.
There is evidence that the Applicant has other existing crushing sites within Central Oregon
and that fugitive dust has not been an issue in the operation of these sites, even though two of
them occur within urban growth boundaries." Record 17.
Page 29
I and that the comparison sites the county refers to do not involve excavation and blasting.
2 Those assertions may or may not be correct, but without some assistance from intervenor it is
3 difficult to agree with intervenor that the challenged fmding is adequate and supported by
4 substantial evidence.
5 OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d) requires the county to evaluate the ESEE consequences of
6 allowing mining on those conflicts that cannot be minimized under OAR 660-023-
7 0180(5)(c), under three additional listed considerations, including any "[r]easonable and
8 practicable measures that could be taken to reduce the identified adverse effects." See n 8.
9 As far as we can tell, the county did not evaluate dust generated by blasting, or determine if
10 such conflicts with the Walker residence can be minimized or reduced. It may be, as
11 petitioners suggest, that there are no reasonable and practicable measures to minimize or
12 reduce ad ~-ppaGts• on tJ - all Grar fide ~e~ aitsed by blas 'gig ~rated:dus ll'irt; ) ich • :
13 case. the ESEE analysis must :consider those impacts in weighing -whet ?eft Z % :limit or. ,
14 prohibit mining. However, the county's ESEE findings on this point apparently did not
15 consider or evaluate that source of dust. Accordingly, we agree with petitioners that remand
16 is necessary to consider the issues raised under this subassignment of error.
17 The twelfth assignment of error is sustained, in part.
18 CONCLUSION
19 In this opinion we have sustained all or part of the second, sixth, eighth, ninth and
20 twelfth assignments of error and denied the remainder, with the exception of the eleventh
21 assignment of error, which we did not resolve. On remand the county must conduct
22 additional proceedings that may, if the county deems it necessary, include introduction of
23 new evidence, and adopt amended or additional findings addressing the remanded issues. As
24 noted above under the eleventh assignment of error, depending on how the county resolves
25 the remanded issues under the earlier steps of the Goal 5 process, the county may also be
Page 30
I required to adopt amended or additional findings under the ESEE analysis required by
2 OAR 660-023-0180(5)(d).
3 The county's decision is remanded.
Page 31
Ox~l~ unN" C~ B~✓.
1. May 28, 2008 Memo from Tammie & Clay Walker to Deschutes County
Board of Commissioners Re: Issues on Remand.
2. May 28, 2008 Memo from Tammie & Clay Walker to Deschutes County
Board of Commissioners Re: Issues on Remand - Coyote Well.
3. May 28, 2008 Memo from Tammie Walker to Deschutes County Re: Best
Shelter.
4. Map of Deschutes Basin.
5. Factors Controlling Seasonal and Long-Term Ground-Water Level Variations in
the Middle Deschutes Basin, Oregon, USGS, Kenneth E. Lite and Marshall W.
Gannett.
6. Small Private Landowner Habitat Restoration in Central Oregon, Gary A.
Hostick.
7. May 23, 2008 letter from Kit Larsen to attorney Douglas M. DuPriest Re:
Greater Sage Grouse and Proposed Mining in the Millican Valley.
8. Excerpts from the Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission
Meeting Minutes, January 26, 2006.
9. Excerpts from the Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission
Meeting Minutes, April 19, 2007.
10. November 16, 2007 email from Elizabeth Budy to Susan Gray and
Tammera Walker Re: SHPO Update.
11. August 3, 2005 email from Susan Gray to Tammera Walker Re: Burns
Paiute Visit.
12. USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study.
13. August 2, 2005 email from Marshall Gannett to Tammera Walker Re:
Ground Water.
14. April 15, 2005 email from Larry Chitwood to Tammera Walker.
15. Copy of 1988 DVD showing interview with Wilson Wewa, Paiute Indian,
on location at Dry River Canyon.
May 28, 2008
To: Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
From: Tammie & Clay Walker
26730 Hwy 20 E
Bend, OR 97701
Re: Issues on Remand
LUBA NO 2007-013
Walker VS 4R Equipment,
Spencer Wells Quarry
We do not feel the applicants proposed finding adequately addresses these
problems, and needs further revision.
Twelfth Assignment of error
Issue #7 on Respondents issues of Remand.
Impact of blasting generated dust on Walker Residence.
Attached is the weather report and an email from Rich Bailey, ODOT (Oregon
Department of Transportation) Trip Check. The weather station is located on
HWY 20 E -Horseridge Unit - it is located on Spencer Wells Road and Hwy 20;
between our house and the proposed mine.
The complete report contains data for the winter of 2007 - 2008; for the
purpose of this report I selected the data from the date range that was used in
the Kleinfielder report. Those dates are November 19, 2007 - December 26,
2007. 1 have highlighted in red, every reading that was coming from the south.
The data from ODOT indicates significant differences when compared with the
technical report produced for 4-1? equipment.
• Klienfilder reports 22.9% of the time the wind blows from the southerly
direction.
• ODOT indicates 57.9% of the time the wind blows from the southerly
direction.
• Klienfielder reports 62.6% of the time the wind blows from the westerly
direction.
• ODOT indicates it 6.57% of the time the wind blows from the westerly
direction.
• Kleindifelder reports 37.4 % the wind blows from the east.
• ODOT reports 2.44% of the time the wind blows from the east.
• Kleinfielder did not address wind blowing from the North.
• ODOT reports 33.97% of the time, the wind blows from the North.
i
Our home has four large.windows that face the South, the main direction the
wind blows. Our front door faces the East and the side door (from the patio)
faces the West and the back door faces the North.
The wind is a constant in the Millican Valley, and like most people that live in
the valley, when the wind blows, you close windows and doors as fast as you
can as the sand will be everywhere in a matter of seconds
The only solution presented from 4R, is they would try to minimize blasting
generated dust is to conduct the blasting when the wind directions are blowing
away from our residence.
We do not feel this is a reasonable and practicable measure to address this
source of dust.
---W ~ LO LD ~ W ~ W ~ LO W W W W ~ W ~ W LD - w LD - w- L9 - w LD - W W
O N M Ll'I O N M Ln O.. M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M In O N M Ln O N
'0000 CO 00~~~~0000~~ ~NNNNMMMM V 1q, q- It LO LO Ln M W W O O N~ N N MM
p- Nr, r- r
0 0 0 O O O O O N N N~- N N N N r- N r- IN N nr~ N N N N N N N N N r- r- N N N N N N N N
\ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Q) ~ M D7 M 6) M d1 a7 a1 0) 6) O) M ~ M O) d7 ~ O) 6) d1 ~ M d1 d1 ~ M M M D7 M M M
C~ - \
'0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
.z o E;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
W
EI C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
v;0000 0 0 O0 0 O-_ _ . .
Q. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a
'V
yv
CL
z z z z z z z z z z z z z N N z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z N
m
01
tl 00
m a)', ~a
c; O'
_ol~ z Z z z z z z z z z z z z z N N N z z Z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z~~ N
Q
o'
c-
3! t s s s t s t r s t t r s r s r s r s t r t r r r
~.a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a (3. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Qj E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Q: - M to Ln M- M Lo N N Ln ~ N U) M W M It M O N O- I- LO 00 00 00 00 O W 00 CO CO I- W M CO W I N O
Ln
D O,3'
O! Q) L L-C L t L L -C S t L S L L L t L L L t L t t t= S t t t C L t~c L L L-C L L L- L
~Im > oa a a a a a a a a a CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Q: M LO Ln M- M W LO LO Ln ~ LO N M LD M d' M O N O f- Ln CO CO 00 00 O LO CO W W r- W M W W N O
)
C
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
_a.. 0000000o I- v ~ I- I- It ~ -114-M M Ln Ln - M LO U) U) MMC\J LO W NN LO u)
0;,q- .4- ~'4'LnLO u)LO LnLnLnLn LnLnLO LO LO LnLnLnLin LnwCDCDLDNNNNNr`Nr~ m w w m m m m
-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m!~ 0) M m m rn M O a) m a) a) m O O 0) M O) 0) 0) rn 0) M rn rn 0) rn m m m m m m m M m m m m m m m
~~'Ojo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
n E' O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
=00000000000000000000o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a M -
' V N O Q+ LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL ILL W LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL W U- LL LL W U- LL LL LL U- U- W UL
O c),E'NNNNNN 0000000000 ~0)O)00000000r- r- r- r- 0000 00 CO 0000O)O)0)-NN
J D: M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M
p.
a
a) Q LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LA- LL LL LL LL LL W LL W W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 'N.NNNNNN - 0000000000~d1O100000000I~ ~~~Op000p0000000)67Oj NN
_ t ,M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M
Q'.
' W - O LO - LD - O - LD - LO - O LD - CD - LD W - LD - O - W - W - W - W - W - W - W
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M In O N M Lf) O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M u) O N
O O O O ~ ~ ~ N N N N M M M M~~~q- Ln LO Ln Ln O W W W N N N N M M M M M M M M O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r-r-
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O
E:O 6) O) 0) O M d7 M 6) M M O) O) Q) M 0) 6) M M 6) d7 M O) M m 6) M d7 6) M O 0) M M M 0) 6) 6) M O \ \
7' rn rn
H' \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
vm - r
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Q O J',
N'. O O (D O O CO CD W W CD O W O LD O - W - W - O O - W - W - W
O' O N M Ln O N M u') O N M Ln (R N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln (P N M Ln O N M Ln O N
M O ' 00 00 00 00 0) 0) 0) 0) O O O O- - N N N N M M M M I- q- V LO Ln M LO LD O W W N N N N M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
E' M O O) 0) 0) M M O M- M O- M O- O M M M - M O M O M- M- M M M 0 6)
~I - - - r - - - - - - - r
y
M M O N M M O N M M ON M M O N M M ON M M O N M M O M M O N mm ON M M o N M M ON M M
66 OO mmrn M0000 NNNNMM Ci LM 0000 NNNN&i Ci&i&i V' MLri Lri Lii
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r"
r- rl r- NNi.r- Nr-rn00000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\00000000000000000000000
M Cn M M Oi) M M Q1 6) 6) ~ M~ M~~ M~ d7 Cn M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:3:3r 3:3:3:3: ZZ33:3:W3: 1/1In031 3~
Z M Z In M M M M Z M Z Z Ln Z Z M N Z
Z Z N M Z
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Z Z 3 3 3 w 3 M M V) 3 3 3
Z MZLn LnLnLNLA Z NZZ M ZZLncn Z
Z Z N M Z
_C L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
° CO r O N O ~t 00 00 O M O co 00 O O O O - 0 )'1- 00 CD M O - q, - M ~
L L L L L .C L L .L L L L L L .C L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
° Cn CD f~ O O r. d' co co O M (D 00 co O O O O O) Ct 00 CD M O [Y M t
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
w w w m w 00 M M M w m 00 00 00 N M N N N M M M m m m D) N M M M m m M N N N CD O O O m m m
m m 01) M m m m m m M m m m M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ N N N N N N N N AN
00000000000000
Cn 6) M ~ ~ M M ~ d7 O) D) M Ci) M C>1 ~ M d7 M O) 6) ~ ~ a1 Cn D) ~ C1) Q) O) M M O) ~ ~ M M Cn ~ M ~ M M D) M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O N O t` C N O) q' M O It It M O0 M O M M CD CD M N 00 M N 't Mq- O N N CD O 00 O 0 N M CD 00
O O O M D) 00 W ~ ~ ~ f~ ~ O 00 00 n 00 00 ~ ~ n ~ ~ f~ f~ ~ f~ f~ ~ ~ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 O O 00 00 00
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
NMMN,~M co r`co m rl- 00 O) co r- 00 r- M M M MI- M M M M M M M M M M M M M M~ ~00~
M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N M M M 4 4 4 4 4 M O 4 N N M M N N N N N N ~ 0 0 0 0 rn rn m 00 t` r` r` r` 6 Lfl M M 4 M M 4 Lri 4
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CD O ~ CO ~ O CD O H O r-- O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ CO CD ~ CD CD ~ O ~ CD ~ CD ~ O ~ O ~ CD CD ~ CD
M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O M
N L.. O N M Ln O N M M O M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M
0 0 N N N N M C2 M M d Vt M M M CD CD O O O0 00 00 00 p) M 01 0 0 0 0 0N
r- ~M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N N N N N N N
OOOOOOOOOOOO°OOOOOOO0000000000000000000000000
m rn rn m m rn rn rn m m rn rn rn m rn rn m rn rn m rn m rn rn rn rn m m m rn m m rn rn m rn rn rn m m m rn rn rn m
CO CD CD LD CD O O CD W O CD W O LD CD LD w LD O Lfl O LD LD
M M O N M In O N M M O N M M O N M Ll') O N M M O N cn M O M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M
00 00 6) M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M O O 0 0- - N N N N M M M M~ It ~ M M M Lo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N1~ N N N N N N Ntl- N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N NNNN00000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M _M
O) N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
F? F?
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
a
Lp ~w7w~
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M to O N M to O N M Lo O N M Ln O N m to O N M M O
O OCDO~~~~mmmOmmmmOOOO~ NNNNMMMm14-r Ln Lo LO Lo CD W W LDN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C E C C E C C C E E E E E E E E C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
7 0 0 q q 0 q q 0 C !q 0 q q 0 0 0 0 0 q q q q 0 q q q q 0 0 q q 0 0 0 0 q q
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v~iv~iz ' c~nv~ic~i~v~iv~i~.zzzNCncncncncnN~zzzZ~U)w0 n(n0w000)~
Z V) Z N N
NNz3: NNNNN~ 333Z~NZZZZN cnLnLnLnN3ZZZZNcnNNLnLnNwNcnLnN
sssss~t~ssr~tt~~~s~~ttr~~st~rsss~t~~~trss~t~s
a a a a? a a a a a Q a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a Lz a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O ON - Ln Ln L`m0LnW MOm 00 LD Ln Ln NM 0-0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ BOO - NO N- N
L L t t t t L t t L L L L L t .C L r L .C L L L L .C L L L L L t L L L L L t L L L t t s s t
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O-ON-LnLnr-M0LnOmCDmCO CDLo LnNM0 000-000000000.-N0 ON N
m m N N CD O Cfl O CD m m m m M M m w m O CD w w w m m m m m M w w m m m m w w O M w w m w w O
NNMMmMMmmmMMM~ 1- 4- ~~~'t~~'t 'I. 't 't ~ Lo Ln In to m Ln w w w w N N N N N N Nw
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99 0 99 0 0 0 999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CD CD 00 M N m Ln m m O M N N CD 00 m CD r- 00 00 m m m m m m 0 00 ~ r- 00 O O N LO
000000000000 r- 00 rmOD aoa000OD 000000mmmmmmmmmm mm 0 m0) mm0 0 m00m
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL Li- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
coo , O m m 00 m m m 0 m m 0 0 m 0 0 m 00 N w r-- w r- r- 00 00 00 m m m m 00 m m 00 00 00 m M N N
N NN NN N -NN - NN - - NNNN
LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
~'t m m m ~ Ln M v M v Ln Ln Ln Lrn Ln 4 Ln 4 v M ~ m m 00 00 00 00 00 00 m m m m 00 m m m m 00 m _ Ln CD r,~
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N
CD ~ O ~ CD ~ CO r- CD ~ O ~ CO ~ CD ~ CO ~ CD CD CD ~ CO CD ~ O ~ O r-- CO r- O ~ CD O H O O ~ CO
O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O
N NNNMM cn cn 0000 N N N N M Ln cn c;;) 4444 Lri Lii Lei Ln Lfl co (16 (13 I~ rZ ~ ~ ao CO 6000(5i
N N N N N N N N i~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t• ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~
~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 I~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m m m m m m m m N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
CD CD ~ CD CD ~ CD ~ O ~ CD ~ CD ~ LO CD ~ CD ~ O O ~ CD ~ O CD ~ LD ~ CD ~ CD ~ O ~ W O H O
O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M W, O N M Ln O N M Ln O
CD O LD CD t\ 00 00 Oo O0 m m m m O O O O N N N N M M M m 4 d' ct Ln Ln Lii Lo CD w Lfl O
inn n r-n n r- r- ti n r- r - - -
0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N r-N N N N N N r-N N N N N r-N N N N N N r-N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
J
N co
co cv cfl cfl co co ca cv co cD co co co co cfl co co co
M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N
f~i.~000OOOco ma)mm0000~ NNNNMMMM(5(5(5 NNNMm&im44
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N^ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\
000000000000000000000000000 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\
C C _C C C C_ C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C c
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z z Z Z Z z z Z Z w z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z Lu z Lu Ln vwi z~~ a'
v) U )V)
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z w z z z z z z Z Z Z z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z w z w N V) N N Z N N N N N
-C L L L L L L L L L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q- a a a a a a a a a a a a a fl- a a a a fl- a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M Ln M M M W cD m LO M W M LO LO N 00 00 q- OD M Ln W N M N N LO M WW O It 0 0 0 0 0 0 M O O O O OM
_C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
CL a a Q- a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o- a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M Ln M M m w w m Ln M w M to LO N 00 co ~ co M Ln W N M N N m m w w W~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 LO O O O O O M
c c c E c c c c E c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c E C Lc c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
M O O M M M M M M M M M M O W LD O O O W O O O O O M M O O O O O M M M I- n M N N N N O N O
00 00 00 00 m m0 m m m O m m
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
0 0 o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mNmmO OMr~NmMLn N.- mmr- 00N OoNr-(Dr-000N~(D r`Nd0m d- LnI--~mw Lflr-
N co 00 Il co 00 co N P, N N N O LO O O O (D O O O O CD i~ m m m m m m m m m m
w LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L L LL LL LL l.L w LL LL w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL- LL LL LL LL LL U- LL U. LL LL
N,L M N N N M,L ,L N N ~ : N NO O 00000 O O ~ ~ O O m m m w ml,-00 N N N m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL U- LL Ll LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL LL w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL U- LL LL U- LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
wcci wNP-N~r,~ mmmO6 mm6 O~66666000mmwr,: n.r,: 666 n4MN mmwaoOOm
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M m m M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N
Cp CO CO CO CO O O Cp CO O O CO CO O O O CD CO O CO CO CO
N M Ln O N M L/'1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M to O N M L/') O N
mmm0000- - NNNNMMMM'.Id'~-q-MLnLnLn000pWWNNNNMM M M M M M 0 0
r- N r - - N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N M Ln N
O M Ln N
O M In O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M M O N
L~ r~ r~ w ao 00 w m m m m 6 0 6 0 - N N N N M M M L+'! 6 0 6 6 N N N N M M M M v
r'- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n^~~~ n~^~~~~
0 0 0 0 0 n 0 n 0 ^ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1~ 11 11 11 11 " 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\
a
M Ll') O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M ~n O N Ln O N Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln 0
IT Ln Ln Ln M O O w (.0 N r- N N W W M W M M M O O O - - N N N N M M M M [h ~t ~t M U) M Ln W
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O~~~~ n~~~ t` t` t`
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N Z N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N Z N N N N N N N Z N Lf) Z N N N N N N N N N N
N N Z N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N to N Z N N N N N N (A ZU) try U) Z N N N N M N N N N N
L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L t L L .C L L L L t t L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O O O CO I- Ln LO CO N c0 00 CO Ln M c0 O O M N 00 00 L0 Ln LO N N r- - O M O O 1- M M It M M O Ln M
L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0000-(O Lo M~LnW00r-W0000LnMLO OLo MN0000COLnW"N--0MOO V- MMItMMWMM
,C c E E E E E E E E E E E E E E c E E E E c E E E E c C E C E E E E E E E E E E E c E E E
r- r_ 0 0 0 r-r~ r- N r- r- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N O N O O M O O O W O M N 0 0 0 0 0 N N N r- M N N N O
W 00 M M M 00 a0 00 a0 M CO M M M M M M M 00 00 00 M M 00 00 f~ OD t` M a0 d2 M M M M M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 M
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0
NNNmmMNr00mN(DMMr-N~~00WLoM-t NMLn(.0N LO W W Ln W m 0 0 0 w 0 0 w N w w
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O O O M O O M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U-
r:: ~ O r: r~ M M r: W 00 M 00 r: 00 00 00 CO r: ~ M M M M n Ln ~ O~~ O M~ Ln N N N N,~ M M M 4~ O CO
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M f~ t` M M 00 00 a0 M M M M M M M 00 f~ 00 O M M M f~ a0 00 f~ 0 t` 0 M N N N M M M [t Lf) 0
O O O O C0 CO O CO O CD CO CD CO C0 CD CO CO CO CO O O
M O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln O N Ln O N M Ll') O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O
00, 1 N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 N N N M M M M 't [t Ln Ln Lo Lo O O w w N N N N w
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n N r~ r- rl N N N r- N N N r- n ^ n
r. r. r-N r-r-r-N r-r-r-r. N NOOOC000000000000000000000000000
O o o O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
00000000000000 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
LO CO CO C0 C0 CO CO ~ W LO ~ L0 ~ L~ O ~ W ~ O ~ W L0 ~ O CO CO C0 CO C0 O
M Ln O N M to O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N n O N to O N M Ln O N M O N M Ln O N M In O N M Lf) O
~ It Ln Ln Ln Ln W O w w r, N N N CO CO 00 00 M M M o O O - N N N N M M M M~~ I LO Ln Ln Ln LO
O O O o O O O O O o O O O O o O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N M Ln O N M Ln O M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M In O N M Ln O N M Ln o N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln
OO O n n n n o xo xo co rn (5) 0) 0000 N N N NM MM MO O O ONNNN MMM
- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ln Ln Ln Ln N Ln W Ln W N Ln Ln Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z3:Z Z Z Z Z
Z
cn O N N N N W N W N N M Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z3:Z Z Z Z Z
Z
L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
n 0) n 00 O O N N 00 (.0 N O 0) O (n O 00 O~ O M M M M- LO W N- O N M W W LO W W LO n W N W M O
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
n 0) n 00 O O N N 00 O N O M O (n O 00 Oq- W M M 00 - 0) v) (D N O n Ln (D 00 Ln (D (D Ln n 0 n 00 00 O
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O n O n n M n M n O M M n M n n 0 0 0 0 O M M O O w O O W (D W W W O W W O O O O O M M M M
d7 00 Q7 00 a0 O a0 00 00 m d1 d1 M dl a0 00 ao a0 O a0 n n n O n CD (D CO CO O CD CD O O O O n n n n n n n n n
O) D7 d7 M 6) d7 d1 O M d7 a7 M M 6) O d7 d7 O M M d7 M 0) 6) ~ a7 O O) O O) O) M d1 O) O) M 6) 6) d7 a1 a7 6) M M d7
0 0 0~ o 0 0~ o 0 0~ o o~ o 0 0~ o 0 0~~ o o~~ o~ o 0 0 0~~ o 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0
CO~NxO Ln M0000 CO MCO CON O)~ ncD NMMV NCO COMN x000000000000000000
MMM000000 n nn n O(Dnnaoa0a0a0aox0a0a0nOa0a00)6)00000000000000000
LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
n M M 0 6) O O) O N ,'L , N N I M M M V' I- , m M M M M N N. N O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0) m
N- N - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 O ~ M M ~t LO O 00 6) 0 ~ M N W LO 00 00 00 N 00 00 rn n n W Ln M N N ~ N O ~ o 0 0 0 0 0 rn 6)
N N N N N N N N N M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CO (D O CO O O O CO O O O O O O O (D O O O CO CD O
N M Ln O N M Ln O M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M N O N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln N Ln
xo00000)mrnm000 NNNNMMMM t ~~LnLnLnLnCOCO(DOnnnn(R cnao(R
n n n n n n n--- -
O O O O O O O n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
(0 ~ (0 O ~ (D CO O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O O ~ O ~ O H O ~ CO ~ O O ~ O ~ O ~ O CO ~ CO
N M to O N M to O M LI'I O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N~M In O N M Ln O N~M Ln O N In
CO(DOn n n n xo00000)m0)mOOOO.-- --NNNNMMMM0000- NNN M MM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
1
O O H O LD ~ O ~ O ~ W O ~ O ~ O O ~ W CD ~ W F W D LD LD CD CD CD r CD CO Cp
O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N M O N M Ln O M Ln N O N M Ln O M N N O N M LI') O N M Lr1 0 N M t.ry O N M
Lr) LO Lo in LD to CO r` r` N OD M M M M M O M O O O O - N N N N M M M M E I M Lri m
n t` f~ f~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N ^ r r- r
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C c C C C C C_ C C C C C C_ C C E C_ C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
z z3:z z z3:z z z z z z z z~:z3:z z~:z z z z Z~ z~ z Z z z z z Z z z z~ Z LO z~ n
z Z Z Z Z Z Z N Z
zz3: zzz3: zzzzzzzz3: z3: zz3. zzzzZ~z~zzzzzzzzzz~wv)w~w
Z Z Z Z Z z z NZ ZZLn
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LD Ln Ln Ln M Ln ~ Ln (.0 M~ M U) M LO LO N LO M~ It M M M LD '~r N M d' LO LD M LO I- LO M O O N~ M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L
a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LD Ln In Ln M Lrl - LO CD M I- M LO M LO LO N LO M 'I- - t M M M O ~ N M q- LO CD M Ln ~ Ln M - 0 O N ~ - M
LD O LD M LD LD O CD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LD LD LD O O O O M M M O O O M M N
n ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ O O O 00 00 00 00 00 OO OO f~ 1~ f~ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1~ 1~ f~ 1~ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0~~ o 0 0~ o 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0~ o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
M M M M M ,L )M O O O O O O O O O O O O M O O O O O O O O O O O O M M M M M M M M M M M 00 M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- r- r
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M M M O O O O O O O O O O O O M O O O O O O O O O O O p M M M M M M M M M M M 00 M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CD ~ CD ~ CD ~ CO ~ CD ~ CD O CD ~ O ~ CD ~ O ~ CD r- CD ~ CO CO ~ CD ~ CD ~ CD ~ LD ~ CO r-- O ~ O ~ O
O N M In O N M l1) N M N O N M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M L!') O N M Ln O N M L/7 O N M
O O O O N N N C; M M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M L+') M Ln Lri Lri Lri (B i6 C6 CO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N NN N N N N NN N r-r-NN0000000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
O LD ~ LD F LD ~ ~ W Lf1 W H O LD Co ~ O ' O ~ LD F LD ~ O ' LD ~ O ~ O O ~ O ~ LD ~ CD O O
O N M O N v) M M N M O N M O N M N O N M u'1 O N M Ln O N M u'I O N M LI'I O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M
d' V- LO Lt) Ln Lo w LD w N N r- 00 00 00 CO M M M M O O O O- - N N N N M M M M V' LO Ln Ln
r- N N rl rl r, N P- N N. P, r- N r- N r- r- N r- r
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\00000000000000000000000
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
Ln O N M Ln O N M L.1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M LI1 O N M to O N M L.
~6OOO 66 N66 w6i m6)6)0000 NNN NMMMM0000 NNNN
- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ `1\ \ \ I'll \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ mm m M M M M mm m m M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\
C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C_ C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lo ~ N M M Z Z Z N N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z~ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
N N N Ln Ln Z Z Z 0 N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z~ Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M M M LO M- M N N M- LO M M M m 00 M N N V Ln r- CO O O) 00 00 00 O W M M- O l- M M W O (D
L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L .C L L L _C L L t -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M M M In M M N N M- LO ~ M M M O 00 M N N It Ln N LO O M M M M M LO M M- Oq- Lo LO 00 O LO
C C C C C C C C C c d C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N m m r- f- O m m M 0 1- M N. m 0 LO LO w w w M O M m m M m m m w O w w CO M O w w M O O
00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 ~ d1 Q) O O 00 00 CO 00 CO f~ ~ ~ ~ t` t` ~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t` 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
6) d1 Q> Q) O) O d7 M d1 O) D7 M m m O d1 d1 ~ O d1 O) m O d7 O) Q) 6) O) O) d1 m Q) d7 d1 m m 6) d7 O) Q7 Q) m d1 d1 Q7
o h o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000OMNLnN NNLnLONw0 w00)000)0000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m m m m m m m m m m m O m O O O O
-
LL. LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL-- LL LL LL l1 LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
M M M M M M M M M M O N N M N N N M 1q, LO I~ It ~ M M N N . , 0 0 0 0 0 0) 0) 0) 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
00a0Omm00rnmmrn6N~ NMNN NM4ui444444444LhNN ~OOOO(3i mmOo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O ~ CO ~ O ~ O O ~ O ~ LD ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ O CO ~ LD CO ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O O ~ O ~ O
Ln O N M Ln O N M L/1 O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M L/1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo
r~OOOD00wmmma) OOOO~ NNNNMMMmt LO LoLnLoL6wO OCOr`Nr~-P, OOOOLbw
NN NNr`r- NNrl -
\\\\\\\\\000000000000000000000000000000000000
N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O CO O CO O ~ W CO CO CO ~ CO CO O O O O O CO CO O O
N O N M to O N M Lo O N m Lo O N m Lo O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M to O N M Ln O N M M O N M Lo O N M Lo
Lo6L6 ~6 LOr`Nr~: N000000aornmrn0)0000~ ~NNNNMMMM0000NNNN
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N f` N N NN N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m m m M M m m M M M m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\
1
O (D CO CD CD O O ~ CD CO O O O O CD t9 CD CD CD CD CD LD LD
O N M Ln O N M u'1 O N M Ln O N M In O N M to O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N
M M M M I- 't I- I- LO Ln M LO W w LD w N N N r- 00 w w w m m m m O O O O- - NNNNMMM q-
000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNNNr-Nr~i.Nr NNr-NNN
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\00000000000000000
M M M M m m M M M M M M M M M M M M m m m M M m m m m M\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M m m m m M M M m m m M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C_ C_ C C C C_ C C C C C C_ C C C C C C_ C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zzzZzzZ Zzz NzN~NcnN zZcncnzcncncncnNcnN NNNNNNN0Nto
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z3:3:3-3:3: Z Z z~ N Z 3:3: m N N N Z Z N N Z (n N m m Ln N N N V) N N 3r. 3: N m m w N N N
.C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q a Q Q Q a a a Q Q a a Q Q a Q a a a Q a Q a Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q a Q Q Q a Q a Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M It LO M~ Mct Ln M~MOIt ~ - ONM.- M O Ln MOq- Mq- MI- M- M M M ct M M M LO LO It Ln r-M
-C L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L ,L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
L2 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q 0_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q O_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M d- LO M It - Mq- LO M d' M O B - O N M- M O Ln M O 1- MI- M~ M- M M M v, M M U) LO In ct M ~ M
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O O O O M t` t` r~ O O O M O M M M O f~ ~ f~ f~ f~ O f~ f~ M M M O CD O O O LD CD O O M M M M M M
f~ a0 00 00 CO O 00 O m m m 07 m 67 a7 m m 00 00 00 O CO m 00 00 a0 00 00 00 W CO f~ f~ ~ ~ t` t` f~ f~ f~ f~ f~ f~ ti
O m d7 d7 07 M M M d7 d7 m m d7 d7 d7 m M m m d7 d7 m 01 d7 d7 D7 m m 07 d1 m m m d1 d1 Q) m m a7 O m m m d7 d7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 ~ o~ 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
LL Li- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
61 a0 OD 00 00 a0 00 a0 lb 00 00 a0 a0 O f~ n f~ t~ t` LD O O O O O Ln O Ln Ln Ln Ln in V' a' M N N N r- O m
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m co 00 00 00 CO 00 co 00 00 O 00 co 00 r` r` r- r` N \ LD O O O O W Ln LD LO Ln LO Ln Ln I- V' M N N N - r- - 0 m
CD O CO O LD CO O O CD CD CD O O CD O CO CD O O CD L9 O
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M m O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N
Q) 67 m 6~ 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 - N N N N M M M M 't q q- 'I' LO LO M W W
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N r- r- r- r- N r- r- r- r- r- N r- rl_ r-
r. r, rl r- r- rl- r- N N N N r. r, N N r- r. r. r- rl- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
m m m M m m M M M M M m m M M m m m M M m m m m M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
O ~ CD CD ~ CD ~ CD ~ CD ~ CD ~ O ~ O ~ CD O ~ CD ~ O ~ O ~ LD ~ CD ~ CD ~ O ~ O CD ~ ~ O ~ O
O N M Ln O N M Lr'L O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M m O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to N M Ln O N
M M M M It ' d' Ln LO Ln Ln O w CD LD r- r- r- r- co co co CO O m O 0) O O O O - N N N N M M M It -t
r- r- r- N r- r- r- P, r,- r, N r- N N N N r- r- r- r- r- r, N r- r- r- N - r - - r
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOON Nr-N N NN N N r-N N N N N r-N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M M M m m m M M M M M M M M m m M M M M M M M m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m m M M M M M M M M m m M M M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
_i
co~~.QFw ~w
M Ln O N M to O N M to O N M M O N M Lr'f N M u'1 O N M u'I O N M M O N M M O N M Ln O N M Lr') O N M Lf1
Ln Ln to LD CO CO LD f~ f~ ao O CO 00 a7 O O) O O O O N N N N M M M M O O O O
r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N I I n
N N N r- r- r- r- i. r. r. N r- 000 00 O 00
0000000000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\\\\
M M M M M M M m M m M M M M M M M M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C .C .C ,C .C .C .C •C ,C .C •C ,C .C •C ,C .C .C •C ,C .C •C •C .C .C •C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
~NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNV)zzzzzzzzzzzz~~z3r zzzzzzzzz3:0
V) Lf)
~Nu)NNN03000 wv)oLn nzzzzzzzzzzzz~~z~zzzzzzzzz3rnw V) U) V) N V)
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
m N O M N~ m m O 00 Ln 00 N M LO N Ln LO O N O O M- O d' N N CO N- O O N M N N- 0 LO M O LO N
.C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M N Lo M N [h M M m 00 LO co r- rn LO r- LO W LD N O O M- LD - N N LD N O O N M N N O LO M O Ln N
.C .C •C •C C •C •C C d d d C C C C C C C C C C C d d C C C C d d C C C C C C C C E C C C C C C
M M M M O O O O LD O LD M m 0 0 0 0 M 0 (D M M M CD M M m m M M M M M 0) O M O O O O O (D LO O m
r` ~ r` ~ 02 ~ ~ t : r: ~ r: r: ~ ~ r: ~ O O O O 2 L,) 2 ~2 V ) 2 ~2 V ) M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ It ~ ! ~ ~ !
rn m rn MO) a) 0) rn rn m rn a) rn a) rn rn rn m m rn m 0) rn 0) 0) m rn rn rn rn 0) 0) O (n 0) m (n m 0) 0) rn m 0) 0) rn
0 0 0 0 of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O d1 CO Op 00 OO f~ ~ CD O CO O O CO LO O CO Ln Lr') Ln Ln O O O CD CO O O CO CO
LL LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL w w LL w w LL w w w LL U- LL LL LL Li- LL LL Li- LL w w w w LL w w LL L.L LL- LL w w LL LL
O) M 0) 00 co m O, N M 1 Ln r- 0) 0) m m M LO rl fn M N N M N It Ln (D O w O It N N N N N O 0)
- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N
LL LL LL w w LL w w L.L. L.L LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL w LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL w w w LL LL LL U- LL U- LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
rn 0) rn w co m 0 N M 4 Ln r- O N Ln 00 W 00 0) M 00 Ln m N N w O- N 0) LD M M M N N- O r` v Ln
- N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M~ q- [t M M M M M M M M M N N N
W LD CO LD 0 CD LD ~ LD LO ; ~ CD W 0 W 0 W W CD W W ~ CO O CO
M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M L M
r') N Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Ln O N m Ln O N M Ln
CD LD N N r- N 00 CO 0000 m (n M 0) O O O O - NNNNMMMM~~ V V' LO LO M LnW LO W W N N NN
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N r- N N N N N N r- N N N N N N rl_ N N N N N r- N N N r- N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 co 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M mm M M M M M M M M M" 1111111\ `111`1 \ \ \ I'll \ \ \ \ \ I'll \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M m m M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - ^ - r r - - \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
r-
O CO O CO O O CO CO O O CO CO CD O O O O ~ W O 0 ~ CO , CO
M u'1 O N M to O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln
d ~LnLO LnLO LDww(DNNPl-r~0000CC) 00rnrnrn0000-- -NNNNMMMM0000---
r-------- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N r- N rl_
N O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\
1~ -1 11 1~ -1 11 1~ 11 11 11 1*1 11 " 11 11 1~ 11 11 1-1 1- 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1~ 1~ 11 1~ 11 11 1~ 11 It lql I- lq- lql 1q, 1q, 10,
M M M M M M M M M M M m M M m m M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\
O N M M O N M MO N M M ON M M O N M MO N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M ON M M O N M M O
N N N N M M M M 4 4 v M M M M C6 Lfl CO C6 r` r~: r` r` 66 66 w oo M 6i Oi M O O O O - N N N N M
00000000000000000000000000000000f. N NNN NN N NN N NN
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 00 O 00 O c o o O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N d- d' I [r q- I- V' [Y 4- 1- 't ct tt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N
r--
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
C C C C C_ C C_ C C C _E C C C_ C C C_ C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M MN Z Z3r 3: NN MNN M N M N M MN Z(n Nc~n vii NN Z W w N(n M M M M w w 0(n N N M M~ M MN
M
M M N Z Z N N M N 3r 3: N M M M N M 3: Z N to N N 0 N Z w w N M M M M M W N M M N M M (n 3: M M N
M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L t L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
(V OOOOOO-OOOOOOOOOOONN~-M-OO-NWW MM-00-OOM-MO-O
L L L L t L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N 0 0 0 0 00 - O O O 0000 000 ON N -m- 00 ~ N W M M M- 0 0- 00 (+m -MO - 0
c E C! C c c c c C E E c c E E C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E c c E E E E E c c E E E E E
0 0 M 0 M 0 M M w (D w N N N N N N LO w LO w LO N N 0 0 m w w w m m O w w N N O M 0 O M 0 0 m
M M M M-~tM M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N
61 0 M 0 0 M M 0 M M 0 0 M M M M 67 O M M 0 07 01 0 0 M M 07 01 M O 67 67 0 0 M 0 07 M 61 M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o
Mr` m m i-Lo Nco ma)Ma)w00MN0r-0MMmr`Lo wN `MwNNwoornr`CpO w W N
00 w ao 67 ao 67 O 07 0 M M 07 0 M M 0 MO O M 0 0 0 0 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M M 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
00 N 0 O m w W M M M It N MI- v, m N d' O N It N M M M M M It M *t M N N N N N, N O N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
(D N O 0 O r-,: CO CO M M M (M 4 4 N M r,: M ~ N N 4 N M M CO C6 CO M C6 Lei 4 fh N N N N M N N _ N N
NNNNNNN - -
CO ~ CO ~ CD ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ O CO ~ CO O ~ O ~ O LO ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ Cfl ~ CO
O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O
06 66 66 06 mm6i 6i 000O I---"NNNNMM(+MM0000 6i N6i NMMMM4 q v 4Lri
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N fl_ N f- ^ f- N N N N N N N N N N f- N
Nr,NNNtifl- NNnNNNN000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
CO ~ CO ~ CO Cfl ~ CO r- LO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ Cfl ~ CO ~ O r- O ~ CO r- O ~ O ~ O ~ CD ~ CO CO ~ O O H O
O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O
N N N N M M M M 4~ 44 MMLri L.i(15 i6 C6 C6 f` r` P~: r` ao ao ao oo o; of dj dj O O O O.--"NNNNM
0000000000000000000000000000000ON N NN N N N N Nr` N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 O O O 00 O O O O 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N't d' [t
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N
r-
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
3
N M Ln O N M to O N Ln N M Ln O M Ln O N M to O M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lr') O N M Ln O N M Ln O N
M M M V' 'cY to Ln In Cfl CD O n n n 00 00 00 O O 01 O O O O N N N N m m m M 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n rn n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m M In LO LO M
V- N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
.C .C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NLnLnLnLncno0wNZZ0~3:w3:0 00wowzooowLnLn~~~zzzzzzzzzzz
z
NLncnLnLnN~LnwNzz`nNNzN0000w(A wzLnN0wN0~~~zzzzzzzzzzz
z
L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N - ~O 1--M0LO M00MMN00MM0rn~Ln 0U) W MOM0 tLO ~~rnnaOCOMLnnvnLO
L .C L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o. a o. Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N-~ 0 1qt M O Ln MOO M M N O O oo oo O a) ~ Ln - O Ln 0 w 0 w O~ Ln m n W LO M M n v n M
.C .C .C .C C C C C C C C C .C C C C .C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
m M M LO LO LO Ln N N Ln M a) (n M N LO Lfl LO N M m m m LO m m m N N N N M LO N N N N m In Ln Ln m m m M
_ - - N N N N N - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O M M M Cr M fr LT M tT a7 O) d7 M M M tT Cn M M LT CS1 O O O M M M 07 tSl 01 M 67 67 m C31 tT f3) LT 67 m CS1 M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 n 00Ln n LO LO [1' N~O~MNO Ln'r am M M M Lo O m n LO't OmnnCQ MM 00 M 07 N
mrnmmOrnrnrnmtTMfS1wCr000000nn0LO0LflLnLnLnLnLnLn~mMMMMInLn- v[hM
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U -
I N M M d' Ln n ao m M, N M [t d' ~ It M Ln ~ LO Ln LO LO I , a) O N LO Ln , N O 00 00 n n LO n n
~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N M ~t d' M to M n M 0 N M O n 00 O N M O n 0) M 0 0 N M m Lo CD M 00 O 01 M O a0 a0 M
N N N N N N N m m m m m m M M m m M~ M M'T M M M
O O ~ O ~ O ~ ~ CD O CO ~ O ~ CO CD O H O ~ O ~ O O ~ O ~ O ~ O O ~ CD ~ O O
N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln N M Ln O M Ln O N M Ln O M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N m Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N
Ln LnLnOLOLflLOn n n000000O0)OOOOO NNNNMMMMI ~ LO LO LnLnL0000nn
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n - r - r r . r
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N ~ I-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O LO 7 CO CO O CO O O O H O LO LO ~ O ~ LO ~ LO ~ O ~ LO ~ LO CO ~ O LO ~ LO
N M L/') O N M Ln O N Ln N M Ln O M L/') O N M to O M to O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M u'1 O N M Ln O N
M M M 44 v 4 Lo Lo Ln w O LO n n n O0 O0 O0 O a) a) rn OOOO - NNNNMMMMOOOO--
- r- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n r -
N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m m m m M LO
It ~ Itt d' It It ~t ~ It 't It It lq' ~ [f ~ a' v d' ~ ~ [Y 1- ~ ~ It V I- -t v v q' 't N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
co ~ cD ~ co ~ co r- O ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ O co ~ cD ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ O ~ co ~ co ~ ~ co co ~ cfl ~ co
M LO O N M m O N M m O N M m O N M LO O N M LO O N m m N M M O N M m N M m N M m O N M m O N
CV NNNMMMCn4 44LnLnLnLoOOC6 C6nnnn0066 66 O&i &i 6i NNNMMMM44
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n r-
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOnnnnnnnnnnnn
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\000000000000
LO LO m LO LO Ln LO m LO Ln LO m m m Ln LO m LO LO m m m m m m m m LO m m m LO Ln \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N LO LO Ln LO Lo Lo Ln Ln Lo Ln Lo Lo
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - -
C_ C C C_ C_ C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ _C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
ZZZLO W ZN W NZNNNLONN(/)3.W NW LoN~LnNNZ~N W oo ozZ~ZOLn Ln Lw W NZ
Z
Z Z Z N W Z (A W N Z L(o LVo Lo N Lo Lo N W Leo W N N N N N LLn Z> N W Ln N N Z Z z Z N Ln N Z N W V Z
L L L t L L L L L L t L L L S L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
~ ~ LnM.-OOOOOOOMOO.-OOOMO~ 000000000 ~~.-OOOOOMM~.-NO
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L .L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
~ V' Lnm.-OOOOOOOMOO.-OOOMO~OOOOOOOOO r-OOOOOMm~~ NO
.C ,C .C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C .C .C ,C ,C .C .C .C .C .C .C C ,C .C .C ,C ,C .C ,C .C C C C C C C C C
am rn N rn m rn m rn L n M M rn rn rn Ln LO N N co 00 00 00 O N N N N N m Ln LO m m m LO m m m Ln m Ln m LO LO m
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O M M M M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0
M M E 07 m O M~ M~~ 07 H M O LT M 07 M M M M M LT O M LT 67 67 T O O O tT O M O O M 67 O O M O O
0 0 0 0 0~~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NMmN Cfl m N N N N M 00 m m O M O N Ln nnMN m It N N M N M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m Ln m m O O O w O n O n n n n M W W W O W W O W m M M M m M M m M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL W LL LL
n pa0000)01 OOOO, N~ N N O m O O CD O n 00 O 0000 nn m LOW OO Ln~ Vt-t MNN
T N N "0 N N N N N N N N N N N - N N N - - - - - - - - - - r- - - - - - r-
LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
00 00 n 4 4zi N ~ ~ O 00 O m 00 Oo n n n Ln 4 Ln 4 N n'l 0 0 0 0 rn rn w M L6 CO 0 Cfl Ln 4 4 4 M N N
M M m m m M m m M M m m N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O CD CO CO CO O O CO O O O O CO CD O O O O O CO O
M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M m O N M Ln N M Ln N M Ln O N M Ln O N
nnc0 ba0 bO)6~rnrn000O NNNC\JMMMM000-.- - mm LnLnLnLOW(D
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ LO Ln Ln Ln LO Ln LO m M LO Ln m Ln Ln Ln Ln m m LO
It I'~ ~d'I- vIt v1- 1- 1- 't 1- 4- 1- 't q- q- N N N N N N N N N N NN N N N NN NN
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
O CO O O CO CO CO CO CO O w w CO 'D O CO CO CO CO O O
M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M to O N M Ln N M Ln N M M O N M Ln O N
-NN N N M M M M [f Ln Ln Ln CO CD O O n n n 00 00 O rn M m rn - N N N M M M M
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n- - r r---
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O n n n n n n n n n n n n
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O
LO LO Ln Ln LO LO m m LO Ln m Ln Ln m LO m LO LO m m LO m LO LO Ln m LO m LO LO m m m \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Ln Ln Ln LO Ln Ln LO LO Ln LO Ln Ln
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 " 1~ 11 "1
(D ~ LD~~CD~CD ~(D BCD ~Cfl .-CD BCD
M Ln O N Ln 0 N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M In O N M Lo O N M Ln 0 N M In
~t Ln Ln Ln CD O CO O f~ f~ f~ f~ M M a0 a0 M M M M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0
r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N I I I I
N N N N N f~ ti f~ f~ f~ t` t` t` N N r. N N N N h N N r- P- N N N N O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ (D O O O (O w w (O
Lo Lo Ln m Ln M Ln m m LO LO to m Ln Ln m Ln Lo m m m Lo Ln Ln Ln Lo Ln Ln Ln to Ln Lo LO Ln Ln LO Ln N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\
.C C C C C C C C C d d C C d C C C C d C d d C C C C d C d d C C c C C C C C C C c c C C c
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3: 3 N
3: N Z N N N z N z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z N N 3. 3 z Z z z z z z N N N z z w
w z
W 3: 3: 0 3: z l" 3: N z~ z~ z~ z z z z z w z z z z z z~~~~ z w z w z z z~~~ z z w
z V) Ln z z z Ln Ln Ln z z Ln Ln N z
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O- O M M 0 0 0- 0 Lo It Lo Lo M M (D W N M ~t - M v M M~ Mq- 0- N 0 0 M M M M N O N- M M It
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O M M 0 0 0- 0 Ln It Ln m m M W (D N M I- Mq- M M~ M [f O- N O O M M M LO N O N M M E
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Ln M M M N LO M O O O N (D O M M M M O (D (D (O O M M Lfl 07 (O (O (D (D N O O O O M 0) O O (O M N O M M
0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
o 0 0 0~ o 0 0~ o o~ o 0 0~~ o o~~ o 0 0~~ o 0 0~ o 0 0~ o 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N, N O M Ln CD M N N N N N N N N N N M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N O M M (D N M N N N N N N N N N N M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
~ O ~ O ~ CO CD ~ (D ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ O O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ M
(D
M Ln O N M O N M to O N M Lo O N M LI1 O N M In O N M Ln O N M L.I) O N M to O N M O
to N M Ln O N In
(D CD r- r- r` 00 co 00 00 M M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M'It ct It Ln M M M (D (D (O O N N N N
OOOOOOOOOOOOONNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr-NNN
\\\\\\\\\\\\\00000000000000000000000000000000
LO M Ln M LO Ln M to M LO M Ln Ln \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln m Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln m Ln Ln Ln
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(D CO CO O (O O O CO O O (D (D CD CO CD (D CO CD O O O O
M Ln O N to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M L/1 O N M L!1 O N M to O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln
Ln Ln Lo O O O O n f~ f~ Lb 00 00 M M M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N r- r-
f~ r- N r- r- N N rl r- N r- r, r` r, r- f~ N r- rl N r- r- r- r- r- r- r, O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ 11\ \ 111111 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1111 \ \ \ \ \ \ w w O (D O L.O (D (D
to Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln m Ln Ln Ln Ln Lo m In Ln Ln M Ln M Ln Ln M Ln M Ln Ln M M LO LO m m Ln Ln M Ln N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\
O N M M ON M L ON M M O N mm N M M O N m M O N M M O M MO N m M O N M M O N M MO N mm
N N N N MM M Mir g 4 M M M M 0 t0 CO r. r. r~ r. w ao oo oo 6) O) O) O O O O N N N N M M M M
0000000000000000000000000OOOONNNNNrl-NN NNNNr NNN
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\0000000000000000
~ co co co c0 co co co c0 c0 co co c0 c0 co co co cfl co co 0 0 0 cfl cfl co 0 cfl 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O CO W O CO O W W W O W Cfl W W O W
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C_ C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W N Z N M M W M W M N M N M (n N M W N M M M M M M M M W W W W M M M Z W W W M
Z M N N M M N N Z Z M M N Z Z VVl
wv~~Z<ncncn~wcnwcncncncncncncncnwcncn cn cncncnrncncnwwwwcncncnZww wcn
Z M M N M M N N Z Z M N M Z Z N
t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L t L L L t L L L t L L L L L L L L t L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
NM-- MMNMMMMNMI- MN MM CON It -0000-0.-000000000000000
L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L t
a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n. a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
NM MmNMMmmNMdtM r- MLOW N~-OOOO.-0- 00000000cc 00000It
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C .C C C C C
M M CO W W W O O M W W M M M 0) M O CO M W M M W W O7 W W W 0) W W M M W W M M O M M M O W O W
d [Y M M M M M M d' d - a' It V ~ ~t It d ~t T It m m ~t a I
m m rn rn rn m m m rn m rn m rn m rn m rn m rn m rn m rn m rn rn m m rn m m rn rn m m rn rn m m m rn m rn m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L ti LL W LL LL LL LL W LL LL W LL
0 0 0 0 0 0)0 0 mm0000r-WW 14-M't MN Om(n 0)co WM 0-W OW 0) 0 0)Mm0000 N N N N N - N N - - - - - r- - - r-
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OOOOO0)OO0)rnaoaor,:66 4 cn4cnLV ~Omo oi6(.6M4(OLO(Om~O0i0)O)00OO_
N N N N N - N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cfl ~ W W ~ W ~ Cfl ~ O O L' ~ O- W- W- O- O O O- O- W- O- W- W- O O- O
O N M M O N M M N M M O N M M N M M O N M M O N m M O M M O N M M (R N M M O (N M M O N M M
000000000) 0) 0)m000-- - NNNMMMmOOOO NNNNMMMM d=vM M MM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 00 00O0 O O 00 OO 0 O 0 co ^o O 0 O 00O0OO 00 OO 0 000 f~00000000000000000000000
O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ CO O O O CO O O CO O O O O O O O O CO O O O O O
M M M M U) M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N . N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
CO ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO CO O ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO r CO ~ CO CO ~ CO
O N M v') O N M M N M M O N M M N M M O N M M O N M M O M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M
N N N N M M M M 444 M M M MCO 00 r~: r~f~ 00w w 00 Oi rn rn 0000- NNNNMmMM
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOr~L~r~~r~r~r~r~r~r~~r.r~r~r~~
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O o 0 0 0 O o 0 0 o O 0 0 0 o O
co 0 0 co c0 co ~ co ~ 0 cfl co co 0 c0 co co 0 0 co co cfl 0 co co co co co co \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O W W to CO W O O O O W W O W W CO
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O N M Ln O N M u'1 O N M to; LP O N M L; w O N M to O N M Ln N
O M u'I O N M tf1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M L; W
O
V ~t v1 Lf1 O O CO O f~ f~ 00 00 M CO M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M O O O O
r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N f~
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\1'\\\
C C C C CO Cfl O O w Cfl (D O w C0 O O w w w w (D O w Cfl w w w O O w Cfl O CO O O w CO CO w w N N N N N
N N N N NN N N N N N N N NN N N N N "N N NN N "N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
N ZN ZZZ Z 3: Z NLncnN00cnZ 00cnNN0Ln0N0cnLnN00to000cn000Ncn0Ln
Z;?
Z Z Z Z N N M N N N N Z (n Ln cn N N In N N N Ln N N N N cn N N N cn N N N N N N N
N N Z N
N
L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L .C L L L L L L L S L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N O- O M N M N N N ~ M MN N N N 00,1-W Ln M W W M CO O N W - (DM A N U ),q- N~
- N-- - - - - - - - N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N O- O M N M N N r,- '14- M M N N N N O O~ CO Lo M M O Lo W O N 0- W MI- N Ln -t N [f
- - - N - - - - - - - - - - - N -
C C E C C E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M M M M M w m M M Cfl N M w a) N M CO M CO w M M N M N Cfl CO N M M M Ln Ln M N 00 Co Ln 00 Ln M N M M
~t M d' M et d' M M M N N N M M M M M M N N N N N N N O O O O O M M M 00 00 00 00 N N f~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 000000000000NMM OOWd- dtNNMIt - e-N LnN0Wt N M M M M WN NN
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O w m N W N w M Lo Ln M M Lo M M Lo Lo In Ln W Lo M Ln M Lo M Ln M Ln Ln M In
LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L L.L LL LL LL L.L LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL L1 LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N a' Ln L+7 CO 00 MOM CO O M 00 M N CO W Ln Ln [f Lo .1. Lo Lo 'I. Ln Ln Ln Ln O O Lo Ln -t I- Ln Ln -t Ln ~
N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LA_
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N.... M Ln CO 06 M O M cfl t` cn 4 v 4 CO MOOOO OOO OM 00M OOOOM 00 M oD
- N N N N M M M M M M It It I- It ~ I- I- v~~I- M m M~~ ct I- I- I- I' M M M M
O N M Ln O N M u'1 O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M M O N M u'1 O N M u') O N M Ln O N- W M L; W
O
CO 6 CO CO rZ r-~ rZ r` 00 w w 00 M M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M 4~ 4 v Ln Ln Ln Ln C0 w C6 C01 ~
O o O O o O o O o O O O o O o O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ooooo000000000000000000000000
cfl cfl 0 co co co 0 co 0 0 cfl co co \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N CO CO CO O O CO CO CO CO O CO O CO CO O O O CO CO O CO O O CO CO CO O CO O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CO O CO O CO CO O CO O O O O O O O O CO O O O O CO O
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lf1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M M O
v ~t Ln u 1 Ln u7 CD 6 CO w r` r'. N 00 00 CO 00 M M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0
- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- f~
0 0 0 Co 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\
CO CO CO CO CD CO CO CD CO CO CO O CD O CO CO CO CO CO CO CD CO CO CO CO Cfl CD CCI CO O O CD CO CO CO O CD O CO CO N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
N W ;W~co~CO7O~coFjW~O N W Ln;WF W~;W ~~co ~~CD W ~;w~cv ;w, wow
M to O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O CM O N M L/1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M L O N LM Ln O N
96i 6i NNMMMm .4-Ln Ln L~i Ln CO Cfl W CO r~r-r~r.- W W W W 6)0-) m 6, O0 6 0 - ~~NN
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNr-N NN N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O 00 O O 00 00
N N N N N N N (\JN N N N N N N N N N N N N N NN N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r~ N N NN
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C E .E C C C C C C C E .E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E .E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 N 3 3 3:3:37 3:3 3:3: N 3:3:3:3:3:3: z 3 z 3 z 3 z z z z z z z 3:3. z z z z z z z
(n V)V)0LnLnLOZN Z zzz z z z
31/) 333333333Lw„333333z3z3z3zzzzzzz33zzzzzzz
N LnLnLnLncncnZLN z ZzZ z z z
L -C L L L L L .C L L L L L L .C L L L L _C L -C L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a fl. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
67 f~ N Ln N W q- d- N 61 N O M r- M Cfl W It ~ CO 00 O N N O W CO N W N It d- Lo OD W Ln M u'f Ln
N N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
67 r: :N Ln ~ N 00'1' d' N rn N O M f~ M CO CO CO [r CO O N N O W W N W N d• ~ Ln 00 00 Ln M Ln Cn Ln
r- N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
WLOMW 7U)MW W W W~m WMNLnWLo W WWNWNWNWNNNLnmLo NNmLo mNNCOCO
O W CO Ln C6 W Lo Cfl CO CO O Cfl f~ r- f~ N N W W W W W W W W M O M O W O O O O O O - N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O-
6~ 6) 6) D7 d7 6) 6) 6) W 6~ 61 6) W a7 d7 6) W 67 6) a7 6) 6~ 6) Q) 6) W W 6) 6) d7 6) 6) 6~ a7 6) 6) 6~ W 6) 6) W W W 6) d1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0
w O Ln M O It N d' W N W d' M N d' W W N M N m r~ CO Lo w CO N N W W W N W m m m O
m Ln Lo m ~t d t - m Ln N r- n W W W W W W W W W W W r- N r- N N N r- r- N N F- N N N r- N W W
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL It LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
Lo Ln d' M N O m~ O, O Nd' O P, N rn m co a) 00 co co r- CO W Lo d•MNNNNNN~ 00000
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m m m o o mW rid 4cy;44MMNNNN-000d7rn6imrnWO6 r,~ r`r-~ r~r,~ COO W LnLn
m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O ~ CO O ~ CO ~ W ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ CO O ~ W CO ~ CO CO ~ W ~ CO ~ W ~ W CO ~ CO CO ~ W
N M Lr') O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M N O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N
r~ r- N W W W W m m m m 0 0 0 0 - - - N N N N M M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M d d
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
W O W W CO W CD CD O O W W W W CO W W W W W W O W W O W W N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
CO ~ W ~ W ~ O CO ~ W r- CD W W ~ CO ~ CO ~ CD ~ W ~ W ~ CO ~ W ~ (fl CO r- CO ~ W ~ CO ~ CD
N M Lo O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Lo O N
---NNNNMMMMi44 '4&;ILiLn6nC6L6 OC6 r.r~: r-~r. W W W 66 616)6)000O6 ~ ~ NN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 O o N N N N N N N N r. N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0000 O o O O 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- r- N N N r- N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N
M M O N M v) O N M O N M V) O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M O N M V) O M Ln O N M u") O N M Ln O N
N N M M M M ct Ln M M M CO O O O f~ 00 O0 00 p0 O 07 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M O O
r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- Nr`NN. Nr`r, r`Nr- Nr- r`NNr`f.r`Nrl Nr`r.L`r`OO
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 w
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3333333333 z333333333333333333333333zZzzzzzzz3
Z Z Z Z Z Z Lo Z V) Z Z Z M N Ln N N N Z Ln N Z N Z Z Z
3333333333z333333333333333333333333zZzzzzzzz3
Z z Z z Z z N Z Lo Z Z Z Ln Lo (n Ln Ln N Z N N Z N Z Z Z
L L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Ln B M W CO W M - N N - LO t LO O N 00 O Ln N W N f, f~ O W N CO O N O) N N W N N M M LO N LO O W LO
N
E L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M [t M LO 00 LO M r- N- LO d' O 0) N 00 O to N (fl N N N O O NI- O O N Or~ N W N N M M M N LO O 00 Ln
C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E C E C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
w 0) O) M M N LO O 0) LO M O7 M M M M LO 0) M LO M LO LO w w O O LO (n 0) O) 0) M O M M M M M (D O w O O O
N N N N N M M M M M M M d' V' d' v'f to Ln V> 2 Ln M M M M Ln 2 L2 ~2 ~2 O O O O O CO Lp
M O a7 O 6) ~ O Q) 6) O O O) ~ M O) O M O) M a7 O d7 O 0) ~ 6) D7 O D7 0) O) O) 6) d7 O O d7 6) O) O) 6) d7 O) O O)
0
C C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N O M N CO O O M M M CD L M M O) L LI') C N O M E V- M L u") M I- M L N r- OI- M ON O O) O 00 00 O H O
00 00 00 O f~ f~ f~ f~ f~ f~ ~ f~ f~ t` f~ CO O LD CO O CD O O CO O CD CO O O O O O O O O O O O O LD f~ f~ ~ f~ f~
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL L.L 11 LL LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L U-
0 0 0 0 a) a) 0)1-cocomM00,00)m0000a) a) a) 0 O~ ' 00' 0~00~ OOOO ~O
N N N N - - N N N N - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LnLr;UiUiLnLnLr;niM44UL (.O t`OOOrnOOO)OO0)O-: ~ -r-OOH OOOmo)O)OO)mmmW
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M N M M N M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N
OHO O~O~OO~O~LO~O~LO~O~O~O LOFLOO~LO~WW LO W W Lo~O
M Ln O N M Ln O M
N O N M In O N M Ln q.. N M Ln O N M to O N M O N M Ln O M In O N M Ln O N M Ln O N
d LO LnLn Ln LO LO LO N N N. N co 0000006) O) a) 0) O O O O - NNNNMMM~ 't LO MM Ln WW
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r` N N N r` N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
r-
LD CO LO CO O CO O O CO O CO LO ~ W ~ O ~ O O LO W O O , W W W O
M Ln O N M u'I O N M O N M u'1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M O N M Ln O M Ln O N M Ln O N M to p N
NNMMMM't ct It LO U) LO Ln w LO LO w r- f. N N OO co co co O) O m 0000-- NNNNMMMMOO
- - ^ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- r-
f~ O O
O C O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\
M M O N M M O N M L/1 O N M to O N M O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M to O N M M
00- N N N N M M M M M LO LO M W O O W N N N r- W 00 O 00 M M, M M 0 0 0 0-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i- N N N N\ N N
00 a0 00 00 aD aO 00 tb 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 a0 00 CO O CO 00 00 O 00 00 00 oD ao 00 00 00 O a0 a0 00 00 00 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 00 00 00 00 W 00 00 00
\ \ \ `111\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11\ \ \ \ \ 111111\ \ 'IN N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
C C C_ C_ C C C_ C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C_ C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C_ C _C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z W W N M N 0 N (n W Z N (n N o w (n N Z (n (n Z to In Z Z W (n (n (n (n (n 0~ Z Ln
Cn
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z W N N N M N (n W Z N N N N N N N Z (n o Z N N Z Z W N N N N N N~ Z N
N
L .C L L L L L L .C t t L L L L L L .C r L L L r L L L t L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L r L
a s lz a a a la la a tz a a a a a L]. a a a a a la a a a a a a a a la a la a la a Lz a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO Ln M W LO Lo (D (D Ln M O LO - - 0 0 M 0 00 00 00- O- O N- 0 00 0 00 0 0 000 0
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a la a a a a a a lZ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO LO MW LO OLO WLnM0Ln -00-M--0000000.--O-ON-000000000000
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O O M M CO CD O O M M f~ ~ O M M f~ I~ ~ O M M M M O O M M M f~ M I~ t` M O O O~
N N N N NNQ0a0a0o0o0o0a0MO1M0)MMM000000000000000000000---O
N N N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M~ M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
~NItItU) N (-I-0000N00OLn00 Md'(ONLO Ln000000W0000000a)MOMa)MMOMMO0a)
t` N N r` r` r` r` N P, N 00 00 00 00 00 M M M M O) O) M O) O) O O M O O O O O M M M O M M M M M M M M M
W W W LL W LL LL LL W W W LL LL LL LL LL W LL W W LL LL LL L.L W LL LL LL W W W W W W W W LL LL W W W LL LL W U -
(D co M M co M M M co 00 LO (l- 00 w w W Ln M It N N,, O O N N co O O M M (l- N r- M M w 00 N N N N w N
r-
LL LL W W W LL W W W LL W LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL W LL LL W W W W W W W W W LL LL W W LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL W
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N LO co W Lo Ln Ln Ln 4 O O _ O M 06 r` 4 Ln 4 M N ~ O O N w a0 O O M M~~r,: M M a0 Oo L. L. C6 r-~
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M Ln O N M to O N M L!1 O N M Ln O N M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M m O N M Ln O N M Ln O N mm
C6 C6 r` 00 w Oo Oo MM6i M000 .-NNNNMMMMOOOO NNNNMMMM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Nr- N N N N N N N
fit` t` nnt` n N N N NNE NOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 00 00 00 CO W 00 00 00 O O 00 00 00 00 CO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
f9 ~ O ~ O ~ CD ~ O ~ O CO ~ O O CD ~ O ~ O O CO ~ O Cfl ~ O O CO O ~ O ~ LO ~ O
M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M O N M U-) O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo
OO N NNNMMMM'ef LryLr)LnLnOC6C66h I~ t`66 66 66 00MMMM0000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O N N N N N N N r`
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O
00 00 N OJ 00 CO OD CO 00 00 00 CO 0p O0 00 M 00 00 00 O 00 00 O 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 tb 00 00 lb 0p W \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 00 00 co 00 00 co 00 00
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M to O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M u'1 O N M u'I O N M to O N M Ln M
N N N N M M M M cr Ln In In tf) w w Cp w w w w w Ol m m m 0 0 0 0 N N N N M
r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
C C C C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N Z N W V N N to Z (n N N N N N W (n N N Z N N N N Cn N N N N N N Cn N N N N N N (n N N N (n
N N N Z N w V N N N Z w N N N N N W N N N Z N w N w N Ln N N N N N N N N N N N N w N N N N
-C L t L L L t L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O M M O- N M N O M 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 0 0 m W Ln O N N W N W,4- W 'I- w N M N 0
- L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L .C L L L L L t L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O M M O- N M N O M 0 0 0 0 0 0 't M O O- M w LO O N N W N~ (D - LO It W N M N L- I- 0-
.C C C C C! C c C C C c C C E C E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N M O I- r-m M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N r-M M M M M M O N M O O M M M w (O (O M w m w m N m w W m
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 m m m m m m m m m m w m N w w W LO LO M Ln M M N N N -
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N -
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
wwmwm O m wl~mwwwm O O O O O O~MtnMw~mM~ O O N N NM~MM~Y ~Ln ln~
m m m m m O m m m m m m m m 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m w f~ w LO
W Ln W In W w m w LO In I- It 1- It N w w m N (O w O N O m w Ln LL N N N LL N N N N N M N N M M N N M
N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - r
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
6Ln1,6 Lfi66Oi06 6 Ln4444r-: 06 00mNL6 mN6 rl~ m N ~M4 MNMNNNNNNNN -.-N
N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
(O w w w CO CD w LO w (fl, W W, CO CO w CO w w r- (O CO w
O N M to O N M Ln O N M v1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lr'I M
[r In Ln Ln N w w w (O (Z ^ N w w w w m m m m O O O O N N N N M M M M [Y v 4't M
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOf~i~ I~f~ L~ I~I~I~ ~ ~ ~ f`n t\ t` ~
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
w mm w w w w w w w w m w m w w w w w mm w w w\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w co
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- -1 11 11^-1 11 11 1 11 r r r r r r r r - - - - 1 11 11 11 " -1 11 11 1~ 11 -1 1- 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
- -
w LD w w w w CO CO w ~ W- w- w w- w- w- w- w w w- w- w- w w
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M L!1 O N M Ln M
N N N N M M M M~ [r [t ~t m LO m m w( w w r` N N N w w w w m m m m O O O O N N N N M
- - - - r N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
w~ w w w w w w w w w w w w w w 0\0 w w w 0\0 0\O w 0\0 0\0 w w w 0\0 0\0 0\0 w w w 0\0 W w 0\0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LA O N M LA O N M M O N M to O N M u'1 O N M to O N M M O N M M O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA
M O O O O N N N N M M M M 4-L~i Ln LA Ln (9 (D O w e r- r~ r- 00 Cp 00 (b M M M M O O O O
Nt`f r`NNNt`NNr`Nr`Nr`NNNNNNNNr-NNt`r`NNt`t`NNNNNNNNN-rr
N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N
O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O 00
\ M M M M O M M M M M M M M M M O O M M M M M M M O O M O M M M M M O O O M M M\\\\
00 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N
\ \ \ \
.C .C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(nN(nN N(A(n(n(A V) V) (n(n(n Z ZZ ZZ ZZ ZZ ZZ
v (n (n(UnVr((nV)wNV>(Lir(UnV)iV) v ii v ii V) ((n U) 3z zz zz zzZzz 3zz
L L L L L _c L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L .L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
a) N O N (3) 00 (D LA It 00 w 0 (D 00 00 Ln N N q- N r- - - 0 q- N 0 ~ ~ M - - O O't V N - O O F'- N - LO
- - - N - NN - - - - N.-
L L L L .C L L .C .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M N O N LD 00(D(A q- 00 w o 0co co (A N r- q- N N -w ct r-00 ~~M--OO~I- N - O(b N N - to
N NN N -
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N LA M M 2 N N LA M N N N N w 00 N Ln N LA LA N N LA LA Ln iA LA M 00 N N LO N M Ln M w W W 0 N N N mm
O O O O O M M M M M M M Cp (b 00 M 00 00 lb fb 00 00 Op 00 O0 Op a0 M M M M M M M M M M M O O O M M
MMMM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- 00
41 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
'I- L M (b (b O 0 N LA CD W N C N M M O O N N O O O O N to r O O CO fD ct N O
LA LA LA In LJ'I to M CO ~ 00 t\ 00 O O (b 00 00 00 M 00 M (b 00 00 lb tb (b (b 00 00 (b 00 (b 00 00 00 (b 00 (p 00
LL LL LL LL Ll LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL Li- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
M M M d' 'S LA (D (D Ln CO CO M M Ln LA W O (D (D (D w (D (D O Ln (D (D LO LA LA M (D O O LA LA I- LO ~ V1 M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U-
0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N M O O O O O O O M M M QO M C0 M fb 00 (ro (b
M M M M f» M M M M M M M M M N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N
O r- CO CO O fD CO CO O O CD CO CD O (D O O O CD CO O CD CO
LA O N M LA O N M M O N M to O N M to O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA
LA w to w (D r- r-- r- r, co co (b (b M M M oO O do - N N N N M M M M O co O N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N r- N l~ N
r. n f~ r~ t` n f~ r. r~ f~ f~ f~ r. n f` f~ f~ r. f~ N N N O O O O O O O O O O O 0
000000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\\\\\\\\
C\j N N N O (\j V N N N N N N C N C0 N 00 M 00 00 00 O cli N N 0 M O N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N C\j N N N N N N N N N N N N (\i N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ - - - - - - - - - - -
CD (D O ~ O ~ CD ~ O CO ~ O O ~ (D ~ O ~ CD O ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ (D ~ (D ~ O ~ (D ~ CD
LA O N M LA O N M Ln O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M LA O N M M O N M Ln O N M LO O N M M O N M M
MOOOO~'-.--~(V N N N M MM Mv 4 LA LA LA LA(90(9(9(b(b(b(56M M M M O O 6c5
N P- N- r-r-Nf~ N N N N f~ NN N- P~ N N N r, r. r. P, N N N N r-N r- r
N O O O(DO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O rl-r N N
Cfl O O O O
M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M to O
N N N N M M M M Ln In In CO O O 00 02 0? 0? O O O O O N
N N N N N N N N N
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000oo
rn rn rn m rn rn m rn m m rn rn rn m rn rn rn m rn rn rn rn rn rn rn m m m rn rn rn m rn rn rn rn rn m rn m m m rn m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
3N3NLf)z3z3333zZZ3z3: 3: z33NZZ333v3ic3nv3i3c3n3Z3333N~33NN3z
33333333333333 2333333333333333333333333333333
Ln Ln Ln Z Z Z Z Z Z N Z Z Ln In Ln N Z N Lo Lo Ln Z
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L t L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
n N O N O N 00 N O co r- co co O 00 m O O Lo 0 0 v. O N cr N N N Lo t` N Ol O O O N O
L L L L -C L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N O N O N co O 00 N co a0 O co Ol O O Lo O O O N N N N 6) O d c0 O N 6~
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
co 00 N N N N Ln Ln Ln Ln Lo Ln Lo a) rn rn LT 6) rn O N Lo Lo Ln Lo Lo a) 0) O O rn rn O Ln Ln Ln Ln N N N N N LT Lo Lo
O)0000000000000000000-.- -000
C~ ~ 6) O) CS) a7 Q) O tT tT t'3) O d7 ~ O) O ~ d7 O tT a1 tT to tT O) ~ M tT tT LT rn m CS) m en rn rn m LT O O O m <; o)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ol~ OR
00 N Lo N 00 O O) O N N N M L0 Lo Ln CO ao CO N o W M O ao au O) ao O N N N M M O O 00 O H O
N N NN NN N c0UD0p00000000a0 00 00 00 00 00 00r` MNONO(DOOOOOOOOLDr9COOOO(DOr.OO
LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL L:L LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N N N N N LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
NNO rNCj ~N N NN O O 00000017) OOOLTOOOOOOO 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N N N N N- N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 co N N N r- N N LO O CO O w Cp (D Lo ~ Lo Ln w N 00 00 m 6) O O O O O N N N O O N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M fn M M M M M M M M M M
W LO W O W L9 W W to W O - L9 LO O O W O O O CO O O (O
O N M Ln O N M In O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo O N LM Ln O
M M M M V' Ln Lo Lo Lo O (o (D O r- N N N 00 co 00 co 6) (T O) O O O O O- - - N N N N M M M M~
-
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO00000000ONN r-r-N N NN N N Nr-NN N NN
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
~ O 67 ~ O tT tT O O O MOO ~ tT tT ~ 6) C)) tT tT ~ MOO M tT M \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O m m m m m m m O m m m m m m
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CO ~ Lo W ~ o ~ o O ~ (D O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ W W LO ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O F LO O ~ O ~ O
O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lr'f O N M M O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M u'1 O N M Ln O
N N N N M M M M : Ln Ln L'"_ n Ln O- O O (p ~ ~ 00 O 00 ~
00 LT _n NO ON ON ON N ~ . N NN
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNr.- NNr- NNNNNr- NNNNNNNr~NNNNr- N
00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
tT 6) O) M 6) O fn ~ d1 ~ ~ t7) LT tT 6) tT t'T M tT CS) O M <3) lT fS) <S) O 6) C7) O O) ~ ~ LT t7) ~ 6) 6) O) tT tT tT tT tT 6)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N M O N M M O M O N M N O M M O N M O N cn M N M N T M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M O N M
N N M M M M 0 0- - N M M M~~q- M M M M CO W N N N M M M M M M M M O O 00 r- - N N N
N N N N N N P- N N N N r r- N r N N N r N N ti N ti N n n r L` N r- N n t` r r
N N N N r-Noo000000000000000000000000000f,-Nt--N N NN f-r-N
O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\\\\\
M M M M M m M M M M M M M M M m M M M M M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 O 0
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M M M M M M M m M M
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
z z z z z z z z z z z z N N Lii N (n V) cn N cn z N z m z N N cn N LL% N N N N N N N Z Z Z
z 3 zzz z z z z z z z z N N N 3 N N (A M N N zV) z N z N N N N N N N N N Z Z Z
L L L L L L t L L L L .C L L L L L L t L L L L L L L -C L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
fl- 0q- Co LD O M M LD LD I- O- 0 0 M O M N O O O- 0 0 0 M N W CD M M- N M M O N O N M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L t L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
No [Y W W LD M M LDW NW - 00 - M O M 0,J O 00 - 0 00 M NLDWM M - NMMONONM
c c c c c c c c c E c c c c E c c c c E E c c E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M M m M M N N N M M M N N N N N N N w CO w w w m N N 00 w w m M M M M M M M M M N N N w w m
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOmmmmmmmmw www oDaoapwmmopaoaoO wwN NN
-000000000000000000000000000
m M M m m M M M m m m M M M m m M M M m m M M M m m m M M m m M M M m m m M M m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 IOR of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MME I- I- 0000r-0o M0000or- mN MMMMMM00MMa0MMW00000000000000
M MCDCDCOCDOOCOI~~~00mCO00MMMmmmMMmmMMmmm00000000000000
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U-
0) M N 0 O O m M O M M M N N 0 0 f- co 00 co N M 00 I- r- m, N It M W CD O N N co co co
N N N N N N - r- N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U -
q O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N M- O M M 00 r- r- M O 00 r- M It M M N M N N M co co 00 r- M Co N r- m N A M CO CO Co r- r- co 00 00
M M M M M M N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
CD O ~ O ~ CD CO O ~ O ~ CO CO ~ CD ~ ~ O CO ~ ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ LD ~ CO ~ O ~ O O r- CD
N MO N M Ln O M O N M N O M M O N M O N M M N M N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M O N M
M M M M CO CO I~ r, r~: w M M m 0 o o N N M M M 606 0 N N N N M M M 4~ v
- N N N N N N N N N N N N
I~ t` t` n n n t` 000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m M M m m m M M M m m m M m m M m M m M m M M m M m m m M M M M M M M M M M M m m M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~ CO CD CD B O O CD O H O CO ~ O ~ CD ~ CD ~ ~ O ~ CD O ~ O ~ CO ~ CD ~ CD O O O H LD
N M O N M M O M O N M N O M M O N M O N M M N M N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M O N M
N N M M M M O O --N Lh M M 4 v 4 M M M M CO CD r~: r~,: r~: Op ao ao 00 &; ai of dj 0 0 0 0 - N N N
N N N N N N N r~ N N N N N N N N r- r` r- N r- r` N N r- r- N r` r- r- N~~ N N ^
NNN N r-r-00000000000000000000000000000f-t-N N N Nr` N nr-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M M M M M M M M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M M M M M M M M M M
Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln N M Ln O N
N M M M M Ln Ln m Ln Cp O O CO f~ f~ f~ f~ 00 00 00 M M M O O O O O N N N M M M O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,
M M M M m M M M M M M m M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M M m m M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ - -
C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C _C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C _C _C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Ln Ln N N 0 ~ O O Z L a n N Z N V) N cwn N N N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z I n N N N N~ N N Z N N Z N w N L w n N (f) N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O M LO M - O O O N- O- O O- N- N- M M M N N It O m N It ~ M M LO M M W M It - M- M G M
L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L .C L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a S1 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O M Ln M - O O O N- O- O O- N- N- M M M N N~ O M In ~ d- M LO M M M CO M It - M- M G M
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C C C c d C c c C C C C C
00 to O M M O M M Ln Lo 7 M 00 ~ O d' O f~
t~ t~ CO CC CO CO CO CO CO CO Cfl Cfl Ln CO O Ln LO M Ln ~ v [r ~ M M M M M N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M M O O M O M M O M M O M M O~ M O M M O M M O O M M~ M M~ O M M~ M O M~ M M
0 0 0~ o o~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O M W W L> in M - M M O N M
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O M M M M M M M M M m m M O M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
00 M O M O O O O O O O M O 0 0 0 0 O O N I' CO N m [t m m m m m M N m N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
OMMM O M O O O OM M O 0000 - ~ - 6 6 ~N4OfV M 4444 v v v v v Ln Ln 444M
N- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CO ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ O ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ CO ~ CO CO ~ Cfl ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CD O ~ ~ CO ~ O
L/') O N M Ln O N M L. O N m Ln O N M L/') O N M M O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln N M u'1 O N
U7 Ln Ln ll'1 CO O O CO r` f~ r- QO O O w O M M O O O O O N N N N M M M M 4 4 4 Ln Ln Lo Co C6
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M m M M m M M M M m M M M M m M M M M M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m M M M M M M M M M M m M m M m m M M M m M m M
W-w-
0 O O CO CD r CD CO O CD CD CO O CO CO O CO O CD M N M L/'l O N m Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N m LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln N M LO O N
N M m M M 4~ q~ Ln Ln Li Lo CO O CO CO t` r` t. n w 660 M M M O M O 000~~ .-NNNMMMOO
- - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N NN
O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000007 7
M M M M M M M m m M M m m M M M M M m m M m M M m M M M M m m M M m M M M M M M M M M N N
co ~ ~ co ~ ~ co co ~ co ~ ~ co ~ co co ~ ~ co ~ cfl ~ ~ r- co ~ co ~ cfl ~ cD ~ cD ~ co ~ cD ~ co ~ co ~ co
M Ln N M M N M m O N M M N M Ln O N M Ln N m m O N M m O N m m O N m LO O N M m O N M m O N M
0 0 ~ N N N M M M M [t Lo Lo M~ CO CO CO 00 m m w m m m m 0 0 0 0 ~ ~ N N N
000000000000000000000OOOOCOOOOOOOONNNNNNNNNNfl-
0 O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz 0 0 0 Z Z z~ Z z N z~ z z z z z z
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z N o o z Z z~ Z Z N z~ z z z z Z Z
L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
~ Ln w O CO O Lo Ln M N m m M M M Ln Lo M M q- I, M O It It N N O O O O O O- N V O M- 0 0
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
't Lo LD w w W Lo Lo M N M M M M M Ln Lo M M It P, Lo L9 V' [t N N 0 0-- 0 0 0 0 N V W M- 0 0
C _s C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O f~ f~ 0 0 0 0 f~ I~ ~ O O O O M M O O ~ m M 0 0 0 M O O O O LD M M M m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m m m m m m m 00 m 00 W w w N N N N w w CO to O Ln M Lo M Lo Lo 1- 14-
O O O O O O O O O O O m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
m m m m m m m m m m m m m ao m w ao ao O ao ao ao ao ao ao ao ao a0 0o m m ao ao ao ao m w ao 0o ao ao ao ao ao m
0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00, OR 0 0 0
M A O 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m m m m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL L.L L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L1. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L1 LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O m O O O O O O O O O O O O m O m m m m m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N N N N N N N N N N N N- N- r-
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL Li. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M N N ~ O O O O O O O O O O O O m O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m O m m m m m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N N N N N N N N N N N N- N-
O r- O w w w O w w CD O O O O m O O O CD O O O
M Lo N M Ln N M L/1 O N cM Ln N M Ln O N M u') M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M
W CO P- r- r- CO CO 00 m m m m 0 0 0 - - N N N m m m M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M m M m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N ^ N N N N r- r- r- N
N N N N N N^ t` N N r- N N N N^ r- r- r- P- N P- n^ r- r- 0 cc 00 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
O 10 O CO w w O CO CO CD CO O O CD O LD CO O O CO CO
M Ln N M Ln N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M L1') O N M
OO NNNMMM L+')~ -IT Ln Lo Ln Ln W W W r- P- r- N 00000000 m m m m 0000- -N NN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N P-N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N
w ~ W ~ ~ ~ w ~ w w W, W, to w w w CO CD CD CD CD CD LD CD
L; 0 N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N m Ln O N M to O N m Ln O N M Ln O N m Ln
N M M m M q 4 Ln Ln Ln Lo O to O (.6 ~ nr~: N 66 00 W O 6) 6) 6) M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M m
r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r-- - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
n~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r N N r- N N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N r-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N ^ 2 ~2 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N A N N N
C C C C C C C C C c C_ E c C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 q(:? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
zNNNV)U)V)WzZ33:3:3: (A 00cncnN
Z N N N V) Z V) V) o o V) o o o o V)000000
U) (A :3:V3)cn~ncnwzZ~3Rr.3: zzcnv)v)v)v)N~~33~3N3~~3~3. 33~3:3:3 ~
z3
Z V) V) Ln V) Z V) (A N 0 0 N V) 0 V) 0 V) N 0 0 N N
L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L -C L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 MMMMNNO NI- r-cD N0 -q- It V'M Ln ao MN - C\j - Ln - O WW W M N N W N N r-M MIt
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L
CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O MMMMNN0 C\J ~t - WNOS ~~~q- M Ln 0000 N rN - md- OW (D (D MNNWNN r- mMV-
J C \ J
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
6) 6) 6) 61 61 (D LO 6) 6) 6) 6) O M M M LD O O O M O 0 0 w (DD w (D m m m m m 6) 6) 6) 6) M m (fl 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ln V) LO Ln w w w w w w N LO V) V) LO Ln M Ln Ln I- [t ~ v M LO LO Ln W w CD Ln Ln
6) M a7 6) O) 6) 6) d7 6) M 6) 6) 6) 6) m 6) a7 a7 6) M O) 6) MOM a1 6) 6) 6) m a1 O M d7 M O O 6) 6) D7 6) O) M 6) 6)
00 CO CO 00 CO O 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 QO 00 CO 00 00 CD 00 CO 00 00 00 CO 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO CO 00 00 00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 100 o ~001 0 0 0 0\~ o ol 0 0 0
00000000000000000 OOMM WLOO N~OMWNMrn MN Win N NWMN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O m m m w N N w w W LO M LO M m w w W LO LO M LO M Ln Ln M In
LL U- LL LL U- LL LL LL w w w LL w w LL w LL w w w w LL U- LL LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL w w LL LL LL U- LL w w w LL LL LL
M 6) O O 00 to V1 d' N M Ln 00 d! O m O) O 00 00 00 N LO CD Ln ~ 'd- LO q- LO Ln LO Ln v - M M th m
LL U- LL LL LL w w w LL w w w LL LL LL L- LL LL w w LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL w w LL
O O O o 0 O 0 0 0 O o O 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MMm0000 .uiui4 1:4' -NMLn OornOO-MLnLD~~nwLb~~~COr.n0o0o0600~LDC6cDLD
T2 ~ r - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CD W ~ LD LD Lfl , LD ~ CD LD W ~ W ~ O O H O O O (D Q0 L.D CD LD O LD
Lr') O N m N O N m Ln O N M Ln O N M m O N m Ln O N m Ln O N m Ln O N m V) O N m Ln O N M V) O N M Ln
LnLnm~6 (DC6 COr~: r- ~~00w6o00 6)rnrnrn000O- NNNNMMMm44q'tmLnLnLn
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N r- N N r- N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - -
CD ~ CD ~ O O H O CO ~ O ~ CD ~ O ~ O ~ LD CO
Ln O N m to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N m M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M m O N M Ln O N M to
NMMMC;i 4 Ln Lo &; Ln (k; LD CD w ~Nr~: N 06 0006 606)6)M 6)0000-".---"-NN NNMm MM
r - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N C~ N' N O N N N .N- N N N~2~2 (V Nc~~2 N ~2 N N fV N N C\j
C\i
O N M LA O N M LO O N MM O N m M O N M Ln O N M M O N m M ON M M ON MM O N m M O N m MO
OOOO NNNNMC»MCi 444LnLninLricp(16O(Dr.:r: 0066 0066 M6i 6i M0000~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NN rl-N N
\ \ \ \ 111111-1\ I'll \ \ I'll \ \ \ \ l l\ \ \ \ \ l l\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 O 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
- - - NNNNN
C C C C C C C_ C C C C _C C C C C E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
:t 3 3 3 3 3 (n ( n( n (n 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N t n N N M (n N N N N N f n N N N (n ( n N
N N N N N N N N M N
33: 3:33::3:3: 3: 3:3: N to N N N N M W N N N N w (n N N N M N N N N N N N (n N N M~ N N N (n N
0 (n M (n M N N N 0 N
.jr- L L L L L L L L L L= L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N N MV, Nl- O O 00 O N N N 'I- 'I- N N M N. N- M 00 M~ N N N Nl- M N1- O- Mt M W- N O W
- - - - - - - - - - - - - r - N N N - N N - - N - N N
L L L L L L t _C L L L L .C t L L L L t L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N N Lo qY N d' 0 0 CO O N N N- [t I- N N M N N - M 00 M d' N N N Nq- M N v 0- M ',t M W- N O CO
r - NNN - - NN N - N N -
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C .C .E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
4 O0 (D w Lo 0 0 m (D m Lo (D Lo (D (D (D (D m (D 0 (D m 1- N r- 0 0 m m m N 0 0 0 0 0 0 N O O O O O It xt d
to Ln N M O O O O O O O O O O CO CD CO Co O ti~ ti~ 00 00 00 00 00 O M M M M M M O M M M M M M M M
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
00 00 00 00 00 OO CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 M CO 00 CO 00 00 00 00 OD M W CO 00 00 N CO 00 00 lb CO 00 00 00 00 0p 00 00 00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M O N 0 N M M It MN 00 00 00 O O 00 M O 00 MN M M O N N O~ M N N N 0 N M d' M M CD Lo L!1 M Ln tt Ln ~
M~ Co CO CD O O O CD O CD O O H t` O Co CD O O O O CD f~ (D CD O CD O O (D O O O O (D O O CD CD O O CO O O
LL LL LL LL LL LL Li- LL LL LL LL Li- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL Li- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M W M M V ct Ln Lri Ln 4 Lri 4 ui 4 4 Lri 4 q: Ln Ln L/) 4 4 4 4 Ln Ln Ln (6 C6 (6 (fl (D (6 Ln (fl (fl (D LD (6 (6 6 6 O (6
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CD ~ CD CD ~ O ~ O ~ (D O ~ CD ~ CO ~ O CD ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ CD O H O O ~ CD ~ Co ~ O CD ~ O
O N m M O N M M o N M M ON M M O N M M O N MM O N M M ON M Ln O N M M ON M M ON m MO
(fl(oCDCD~ ~ ~ r~: 000Ow00MMMMOOOO-----" 6i NN6i MMMM0000---9-N6i 6i NM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N fV N N fV N N N N N fV N N N (V N N N N N N----
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
O ~ CO ~ Co CD CD ~ O ~ O ~ CO CD ~ CO ~ O ~ O O O ~ O ~ O c- O ~ CD ~ O ~ O ~ O CD ~ O
O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M Lo 0
0 0 0 0 ~ ~ ~ N (V (V N m cn m( i 4 4 4 4 Ln Ln Lfi tls O (D (16 f r: r~: 66 66 cb w M M M M 0 0 0 0 ~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
C- ~ ~ N N N N N
0 ~ 0 ~ 0'- c0 c0 ~ cfl ~ co ~ 0 ~ O co ~ O ~ 0 - c0 0 O cfl 0 ~ cfl ~ 0 ~ ~ co ~ co ~ 0'- cfl
N M LO O N M m O N M LO O N M m O N M O N M m O N m N m O N O N m m O N M m N M Ln O N M LO O
N N N N c;i M m M 4 4 v 4 Ln Lii Lii I~: r:~ r~: r~: 66 66 ep M aj O O N N N N m Ci M 0 0 0 0
r r r - N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N
f f n f t`f f`f f f Nr- NNNNNNNNNNNN f NNf N NNNOOOOO
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M M m m M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
N N~ N N N N N N N N N N~ N N N N N N~ N N N N N C\i N N N N N N N N N N^ C\J N~ N
- - - - -
C_ C C C C C C C_ C _C C C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M N N (n m N N (n N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N (n N N N N N N N to N N N
N V) Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln N V) N N M N U) N V) N N N (n Ln V) Ln to 3: N Ln N cn (f) N V) N V) V) Ln N (n N V) Ln
N
L L L 'C L L L L L L 'C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
CONCfl~ mONIt - Mr- M - Or`NI- M(OOOItU)MN OM0M W OOCONOr`NNNNCOMCOto
N - N- N N N N N - M N N M M N N N M N N M- N- N - N N M N- N N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a la a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N CO d' M CO N~ M N M- CO r- Nq- M CO O O l- LO M N W W O M O CO O O N O N N N N N O O CO LO
N e- - N- N N N N N - M- N N M M N N N M N N M N- N N- N M N- N - N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C !.E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
t` r- O ~t r- r- It It -t ~ ~ I- q. O"t N N Oq- O N N q. 'I- N Vt t 't N N N O [r OI- O't tt N N - q-
mmm m O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m m o M M M M M M M M O O O O O N N
m m m m O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m m O m M O m m m m m O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
00 00 m 00 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m 00 00 O CO a0 00 00 ou 00 ao ao m m m m m m m M m~ m m m m m m
o~ o~ o~ o o~ o~~ o 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 ~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
~t M Cfl CO CO N m m m O O to It 't Ln M Ln M N M M M Ln W CO N Ln -q- m000 m0O m O O N Ln ~ N m M
COOCOCOCOCOCOOOOCOOCOCOCOCOCOCDCOCOCOCOCOOOOf` mmmmmmmOmmmmmmOmooao
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL U-
r- N CO N(n O)mco 000000r-000000mOOOONMMIt 0N00mMmmOOmmwmmOMmm
r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m m N N N N N M N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r-~ Cflc0r-~ r`r`r`wLbw00000om0oa0a00o6 NNMN -~OOOmmOOO -~O -NM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M m m M M M M M M M M m m M N N M M M M M M m m M m m
O ~ CO ~ CO ~ O CO CO ~ O ~ O ~ CO CO ~ CO ~ CO CO CO O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ CO CD CO ~ CO
N M Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M O N M m O N M N M O N O N M LO O N M m N M m O N M LO 0
M M M [t 4-W v Lri Liz Ln Lri C6 6 CO Cp i~: r~ r~ m m m m O O O--- N N M M M M~: [t 4 q Ln Ln Lii O CO LO O r~
000000000000000000000oNr-N r-N N NN N NN N Nr~N N r` r` NN N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CO ~ O r- O O ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ CO CO O H O CD CO ~ O CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ O O ~ CO CO
N M Ln O N M Ln O N M m O N M Ln O N M O N M Ln O N M N M O N O N M m O N M Ln N m m O N M LO O
N N N N M M M M 4 g q 4 Ln Lri Lri rte: r~: rz ap Lip op of Oj O O NNNNMMMOOOO~
- - - - - - r r - " - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m m M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
---N-N- - - - - - - - N CM " - N - - N- - - - N - - - - - - N - --N -
Cp CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO -W , CO CO CO CO CO CO
N m to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln N M M N M to O N M LI'I N M 0
in O N
N N N N M M M m 4 t 4 V- Ln Lo Ln In CO C4 CO CO r~: Nr~: r~: 00 pp 00 a7 a7 M 0 0 o" N N N M M
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOON NNr*-NN rl-NN N r-N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O
M m M M m M M m M M M m M M m M m M M m m M M m M m m M M M M M M\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M m m M M m m M m m M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C c d C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N M N N N N Mtn N N N N m N N N N N N N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N m N N Ln N to m N N N
N N N N N to N 0 N to N N N N N 0 N N N N to N N N to N N N N N N m N N N N N N N N V) N N M N
-C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L .C t L L S L L t L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
W V•~MLn - NM V•LO rn000OD OMr- OOOIt NrnO V-mr-00LO V•Nd•NNNLO Lo V•MOCOLO d'WM
N N V' M N N N N N N N N M N N N M M M V' M N N m N N N N m m m N m N N M N N M~ N N N N N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C t l _C S L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a n. a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
(D MLO NM tLna)OOOOMMr-OOO V•Na)O V-a)NOOU) V•N V•NNr-LOW V•MOCOLO V COM
N N V- M N N N N N N N N M N N N M m m V' m N N M N N N N m m M N M N N M N N M V1 N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C d d C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
It V- N N V' l q- N N N V- V' 00 d- V' V' V" V' I- V" V' 00 00 00 V' w 00 M M 00 M M 00 M M M 00 M N V It
N N N N N N N N N N m m m m m m m m M M M M M M M m M m m V- ~ V' V" q- V' V' V' V• V• V' V' V' ct V' V•
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
d1 a) d7 a7 6) a1 D7 a) rn a) O O) 6) a) a7 O) 6) O) a) O O O a) a7 O M O O M M M M a1 M d1 a) m 0 6l a7 O M m M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0
w m O 00 N N LO m N O O O m w w w m V' V'vLOU)LO LO w w w Ln LO LO a) N a) co 00 m m a) 00 m O rn m a)
00 L` r- co N co r- r- N L\ N r- r- O O O O Cfl CO O CO CO CO CO O O CO CO Cfl CO CO O r- CO CO CO CO 0 CO O O N CO CO O
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
00 00 00 a) 00 00 a) 00 00 t` r- r- r- N rl N r- N r- r- N N N r- 00 a) a1 a7 00 00 00 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M m m M M M M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M44 V• V•MLnLnLnLr)cOOCOCOC0~r-,: 00wO6 wO6 O6 00ma)a)ma)ma)rnO6 a)O6 rn66 ~0006 O
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M m M M V' ~ M V' V' ~ V' V' d' ~ V'
r- CO - CO CO - Cfl - W - CO W - CO CO - Ca - O O CO CO CD O CO CO r- CO O
N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N m Ln O N m Ln O N M m O N M Ln N M LO N m LO N M Ln O N m LO N M LO O N
rz~ rZ r~: 00w6O(56(5i 7m6000 NNNNMMMMOOO 6i 6i NmmMM44 L/)Lri
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ n^ n
0 0
0000 0 0 00 0 0 00000 0 0000000 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 000 000 0 0^ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 00 0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
W -(D - CO - CO - W - CO O - W - W CO - CO - CO - O - - CO - - O O - CO CO CO - CO
N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M m O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln N M U) N M m N M M O N M LO N M M O N
~NNNNMMmMV 444 Ln to Ln Ln O CO C6 O r` r`~ r~: 006600 6i 6; a) O O O~~ ~NNNMM
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O
m M m M M M m m M m M M M m M M m M m M M M M m M M m M m m m m M\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M M M m m M M m m M M m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - -
cfl ~ cfl ~ co ~ co ~ ~ ~ c0 r- co - cfl ~ cfl cO r- ~ c0 ~ co ~ co co ~ co ~ cfl ~ co ~ v7 ~ ~ co ~ co cfl
M Ln O N M Ln O N LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln N M Ln O N Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N M
M M L i Ln Lri C6 (16 ~6 (k; r~: ^ f~ P~ 00 O 00 O a1 O) M O O D L: ' ' N N N N M M M M O O O
r - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- r-
f~ f~ ti f~ f~ r` N r` r` N P, P- N r` N r` N N r` r` r- r- r` r` r- t` N N f` N r` N N N N N N N O O O O O O
000000000000000000000000000000000000000,1\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ -I ~ ll d' lI
M M M M M M M M Cn M M M (M M 0n M M M M M fn M M M M M fn M M M Cn M M M M M M M M\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N
N N N N N^ N^ N N N N N^ N^ C\j N^ N^ N N N N N- r1i N^ N N N- C\J N N^ N N N N
C C_ C _C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N M (n to N N N N N N N to N (n N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N~g: N to N N N N M
N
N N (n N N Ln N N N N N Ln N to N N N Ln N Ln N Ln M Ln N N (n N Ln N cn N Ln N Ln N N 3 cn N cn N N N Ln
M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L .C L .C L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o. a o_ a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0WW0 ~000 Ln.-(ON M Mrn M (4I- M V, N M r- N 00(.O~ N r- O LO f. r- N I~ N CO N W O N
N N N N- N N N- N- N N N N N N N N N N - - N N N N M N - N N- N N M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O Oq- 00 LO In (D n M O) O) M- (.0 It M N N 0) N N 00 Oq- r- r- O Ln N r- N~ - N O N (O O N
N N N N- N N N- N- N N N N N N N N N N N N- N- N M N- - N N- N N M
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
[Y 00 00 CO 00 00 Ln 00 CO LO CO N 00 00 00 N Ln 00 Ln Ln N W N M M W N M N LO Ln O Ln LO M M N 00 N N
,It
-T It I- d'~ lq'LnOOOONNNOOOwmmMmO00OmMNNwwmwwwmm00mOmOO
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000-0--
0 0 0 o o o\ o o o 1 o 0 0~OR o ~OR o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0-1 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OOCOOOOO00OOOOOOOOOOOOOOO^ OtoN N 0 W M(.0MN0OOOOMMOOO)M
LL LL LL LL. LL LL 'LL t ~ LL LL LL LL LL LL li LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N N N N N N N M't m M Lf) Ln M~ Ln M O O O O r- ^ O Ln O O r~ r- r~ 00 ti
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M (M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[r 1 1- - It I- It I I- ~t cY I I- ~t [Y M - M M M M
(O CO (O O - O (O (O CO CO O W W O - O O - O CO CO - - O - W - O
M Ln O N M Ln O N Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M LO O N LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO N M Ln O N M
Ln Ln 666 O CO r. r~: r` 00 OO OO OO rn LT rn rn O O O O-" N N N M M M M 444v Ln Ln Ln Ln(fl O CO r` rZ rZ
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N t` N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - - N----------------------------
Lo C\j N C\j N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- W - O - O - O O CD O (O r- (O - O - (O - - W - O - O - (O - O - (O - O O O
M Ln O N M Ln O N LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO N M Ln O N Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo N M Lo O N M
M M cr Ln Ln Ln (O (O (fl (O f~ ^ fz r~: 06 pp O O O M O O O O N N N N M M M M O O 0-
- - - - - - r - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N f~ r` N r-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1-11'l\lt l-~
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M (\n M C\n M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N
N N
---------N
- - .-N •-N N - N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N - -
LO O N M LO O N M m O N m Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M V) O N m Ln O N m to O N M LO O N m V)
~NNNNMMMM4d-v d'Lri&i Ln LnCpCp(3 ~ ~ ~ ~66 pp 06 O a) 67 a) 67 O O (5 OH-- NNNN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N C\i
N N\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - -
C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
(n V) V) 0 V) (n 0 0 0 0 0 V) 0 (n 0 (n N 0 0 L') V) N V) U) N N N N (n V) V) V) cn to V) N 3: cn 3: 3: i i:: 3:
V) N V) (n V) N V) N
NN V) V) 000 Ln 000V)0 V)0003:0 ) (A V)V)V)V)V)V)V)V)V)V)V)V)V) 0003:0
V) V) V) (f) (f) V) V) N
L t L t L t .C L -C L L L L L L L L L t L L L L t L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o. a a a a a a n. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Ln (W- (flNLnN V-M(Oa)(Da)Lo NW-NNLO NNM q- q, - (O M W -WNONN-00N00OIt
- NNN N - N - N - .-N
L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L t t L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO WW WC\JLO NIt MWa)(DcnWNW - NNLnNNLnI- It - WLnW -ONMrjN - MN 00O~
-NNN.--N-.-- N.-- N - N - - -
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
m rn a) LO a) M N N LO LO V) N N (D N N N ko (D a) a) N a) N (D (D a) (D O (a (D M a) M M (D (D M O (D a) M M (D m
0 0 0 0 0 0 - N N N N N N N N N N M N M M M M M M m m M M't [t -td' a' rl- Lo Ln V) Ln
d1 M d7 6) M O O) M O d7 O O) O M m M~ a) a7 M O m M a1 M D7 O O 6) M m M d7 6) M M d7 d7 O O) 6) M d1 ~ a7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~~ o o
(n a) M M M O O) a) a) a) rn M O) O) 6) O) a) 6) a) a) O) a) 0) a) O) O) M m a) m a) 6) a) a) m m O m a) 00 00 00 N rl N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL U-
r- a00o000orl_ 00 r- 00a)m0000a)0) a) 00 co 000000co co 00000)mrnrna)co Mm00) 0M00)0a)r-N ( w
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M M M M m M M M M M M M ~t M [t M V' M~ M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL 11 U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
a)OOOOrnrnrnairnaia)rnOCS 6 OOa)a)Oa)aia)OOOOMOa)OOOa)Oa)MmMMM~f
M It ~ V' M m m M M M m (Y) -t m M M M M m It V- M lq' m M [Y M tt d'
W O LOW LO (D O CD CO O O O CD CD CO CD O O O O O O
Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M V) O N m Ln O N M V) O N M Ln O N m Ln
r~: 06 OD 66 66 (5i m rn a) 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M m 0 0 0 0 9 N N N N M M M M ~t d
N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N N N N^ r- r- n^r~ N r- N N~ r- r- N r- r- r- N
n^ ^ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I- It
cr
m m M M m m M M M m m m m M M M M M m m m m m m M\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N r
LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M V) O N M LO O N M m O N M V) O N M m O N M Ln O N M m O N M m
N N N N M M M m 4 4 4 Ln L!i Lri In (p C6 C6 ~o r~-: ^ rZ pp 00 66 Lb &i 6j Qj of O O O O N N N N
r- r- tl- r- r- r- r- NN N NN~r- r- NNr`r- r- r- r- r- NNNNNNNN - -
0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N P-N N
It It V- I- v I- V- I- V-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\
N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - -
O N M Ln o N M Ln o N M Ln o N M Ln o N M to o N M Ln o N M Ln o N M Ln O N M Ln c N M Ln o N M Ln O
M M M M 4 4 4 v Ln L i Ln Ln (D O O (D n n n n ao 00 00 ao of M M M O O O O
r ~ " N N N N M M M M p
- - - r - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n o
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000o\
N~ N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ C\j N N N^ C\j N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
.C C C E E C_ C C C E C C E E C C C_ E E E E C C_ E E E E E E C E C E E E C E E C C C E E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NwwcncnwZZZZZUwZz;~:c3n3: zZcii:viic3 ZNNN~zZNNNNN~N~NN~3: 3: ~
Nwwv)(nwZZZZZ~wzz~N3zZ3: 3: N3:3:3: 33~33z33~3~3~3~~~3~ V) U) Z N Vl N Z N N (n o o N vI N N N (n
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LnLO Ln00~LO MLDnOLn (D O1- 0)W00W ON W0 MMMOq- ON.- rtMNM~NV(OOOOIt n
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Lo Lo Ln00,~tLnM0ncDLo OO'tMw000ONOOMooMol- tDN - ~MNM N d- OOLDo~n
N - - - - - N - - - - -
C C C C C E E E C C C C E C E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E C C C C C C E E C C C E E
M M M M M M M M M M O O M M O M O M M M O n n n O O O n M n n n O O 0 0 O 0 0 O M M M M M
Ln CD O O Ln O (D O O O n n n n a0 ao 00 00 00 M M 00 a0 a0 M M M oD a0 00 00 ao aD 00 n n a0 n n a0 a0 00 00 ao of
M M M M M~~ M~ M~ M M M O M O M M M M M O M O M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M M M M M
0 0 0~ o~ o~ o ~ o~ o~ o~ o ~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o e o 0
Ln W Ln Ln O LO I- N M N I d' N N O M M O M M O M M O O M M W W LO ~ O W N M n M M 0
n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 w 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M LO (D O Ln Ln W w W LO Ln LO Ln Ln In Ln In M Ln Ln M Ln O
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL .L- L.L LL LL LL LL LL U -
(D w (D (D LO W Ln LO Ln LO LO It ~ N M N M N MI- M M M M M M M M It M LO M-cr m M. O O N N N N
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M N M M M 4 4 Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln ui Ln Ln Ln 0 66 66 0 O n n n 6 00 n 00 00 06 0 L.D 0 Ln 0 Ln Ln Ln Ln v
It tt I- It - ~ d' ~ It I' d- ~ ~t ~ ct ~ ~t ct 'ct V d' d' d-
0~0~0~0~0~0~0 O~LD~O.-CD~O~CO~O~CD~O~O~O~O~O CD.-OECD
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M Ln o N M Ln O N co Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M M O N M Ln O
LnLiLiiLiiO6 D6 C6 6 nnnn0ao66 006i M6i 6i 0006 ~NNNNMMMC;i 44LnLnLnLnO
N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n - "
0 0 0 O O O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ d a
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - r- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O
O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M M o N M Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln 0
MMMM4444LnLnLr)Ln0000nnnnc+0O00O0MMMMO000~~ -NNNNCnMMMO
- r- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lI
N N^- N N^ N^ N N N^ N^ N N C\l- N -N- N- N N -N C\j- N- N N N N N-- N N
cfl ~ co co cfl cfl ~ co ~ cfl ~ cfl ~ cD ~ co co ~ co co ~ co co ~ co co ~ co co co ~ co co
N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln q N M Lo O N M Ln o N m Ln o N M Ln o N M Ln o N M Ln o N M Lo O N M M O N
O O O ~ ~ ~ ~ N N N N M M M M 4 4 4 V- Ln Ln Ln Ln C6 (B C6 (D r. r~: tir~: OO 06 06 O M 031 fP M O O O O
f~ f~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f~ f~ f~ ~ ~ t` f~ f~ ~ ~ f~ f~ f~ ~ ~ f~ f~ ~ ~ f~ ~ ~ ~ f~ f~ f~ ~ ~ f~ f~ f~ ~ r
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O
Ln m Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln m Lo m m m Ln in Ln Ln Ln m Ln Ln in Ln m Ln m Lo Ln Lo Lo Ln Lo Ln m Ln Ln \ \ \ \ \ \
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\LO LO LO LnLnLO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
r- - -N NNNNN
C C C C C _C C C C C _C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
zzzzNZNZ3zc~i~Ln cnLnZ~zLL~zNZNZzNNMNN~zz~~ZLnNZNMNNN
Z Z Z Z N Z L~n Z Z N N N N N In z Z N Z N Z N Z to Ln to Ln z z~~ ~ w N N w 3.
Z Ln Z N Z Ln Ln N
L L L L L L L L t t t L L L L L L L L L .C L .C L L L t L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n n a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M V' CO Ln M O Ln Ln CO M M M- M N M- M O M O It - M N M V• N O M M - LO W M M O Ln It - N
L L S L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L t L L t L L L L L t L L
a a a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M ct W Ln M O LO Ln W M r M M- M N- M- M O M O V' M N M V• N O M M LO W M M O Ln d' N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M M M M N M M M O O O CO w CO w w w O O O M M O O O O CO M M O (n cn O O w Cp O O O w (OLD O LOW
00 co 00 co co 00 co w co co 00 r- N r- rl_ N r- r` N N N N r- N w N O O LO Ln LO LO Ln LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln LO Ln Ln LO
m m m m rn rn rn rn m m m rn rn m rn rn rn rn rn m rn m rn rn rn rn rn m rn m m rn m rn rn m m rn m rn rn m rn m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OR o o o
Q 0 0 0 0' 0 \ 'e o
CD
M LO Ln W a) U.) U) CO CO COOf~ f~ f~a) a)O000000 0000000000 O00OCOOMd10161OMOd1OMOOO61 OtT 010000
LL w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
LL LL. U- LL- LL LL. LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL q- M N M M M M N M M N M It M M M V' - M V' It Ln N V' N N N
N N O O N N N M N N
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MNNN mmNw00wN u1 0o O Ln CO Ln(o r.(D O Lrn CO Ln Ln Ln Ln V- MM 4 NM44 ui Nom' V•NNN~
V V V V V M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Cn M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M LM M M
CO (D (O ~ (O W O CO t0 CO O O O (O O r CO O CD O O O CO O
N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M In O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Lo O N
(D CO C6 r. r` r`N0o0066w(5immmOOOO ~NNNNMMMMOOOO.-~ ~NNNNMM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ N N N f~ N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ LO LO Ln LO Ln LO Ln LO LO Ln LO Ln LO Ln
~ ~ ~ ~ V' ~ ~ ~ V' V' d" ~ V' d' ~ d' d• d' V' V' d- ~ cr ~ V' d' V' V' V' V' V' \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N~ N N N N N N N N N N~ N N N N N~ N N N N^ C\j N N
CO ~ Co ~ Co ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ O (D ~ O CO ~ CO ~ CO O O H O O ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO
N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M to O N M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N
O O O ~ ~ ~ ~ N N N N M M M M 4 4 4 4 Ln Ln Ln Ln O CO CO Cp w OO w Lb O rn 61 01 0 0 0 0 ~
0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O r- N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11,10 O O O O O
Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln LO Ln Ln m LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln M Ln LO Ln Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Ln LO LO Ln Ln Ln
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N
co ~ cD co co cD cD cD co cD 0 ~ cfl 0.- 0 cfl co ~ co cD'- co ~ cfl ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ cD
M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M
^ N N N N M M M M [r ~ d' 4 Ln Ln Ln Ln O (p O O r~ n n n 00 0 00 00 O O M M O O O O 9 9 ~ 9 N N N
- - N N N N N N N N N N N
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000oo
1~ 11 11 11 1~ 11 11 11 ~~11 11 11 11 ~11 11 11 11 ~11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 "11 11 "1 x"1 11
Ln LO LO LO LO LO LO Ln LO Ln LO LO Ln Ln m in LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln LO in in Ln m m Ln LO m Ln Ln Ln Ln LO LO Ln LO LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 "1 11 11 11 "1 X11 11 11 "1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 "11 11 ~1~ 11 11 "1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
N N N N N N N N~ N N N N C\i N CM N N N N N^ N N N N N N N N E N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C_ C C C C_ C_ C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
vwiLnZZNNNZM W ZNNNNNZNZZvwicnNNZNvwiMNZZ NMN Z~
zNZLn z
Lwn zzLncncnzcnwzcnLnNV)cnzcnzzLwncncnVzvwiNLnNZzN zz zN3-3z3~
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
NL»-OO~M0M00NM00-0000MU)MMOONNO N 0MMMMn0W 0 w M M M 0
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
NM-oO~MOM00NMOCD -0000MLnMMOONNO-N 0 MMMMn0000MMO0
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M M (D M M M M M M M w (D O O N N N N N N N N N M N N M M M 0 N N M M N N N O N N N N N m m
LO ~t M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N M M N N N N N N 00 0 00 0 M M
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M O M O O M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
00
M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 o o 0
OOOM0000600066000000000000Nm NwW n~M0.-N~ N~M(Dw
0000n000000000000000000000 MOOD wNw CD(DCDCDCDwww (D(D(Dwww
l1 w 11 w ll LL L1 w w w w LL LL.. LL LL w w w L.L w LL LL LL L.L w w w l1 w w L.L LL LL LL. U- LL LL. LL LL w w w LL U- L.L
M M M M N M M 00 (D Ln LO v M [Y M M E (D co CQ M LO V- ~ w Co v m N N N N, O. O O M 0 0 0
M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N M M M
LL LL LL LL L.L Lll LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L U- LL LL w LL U- LL LL L1 w LL w L.L. w U- LL w w LL U- L1 LL LL w
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M ~ N ~M of 6 O Ln Ln 4 M 4 M M V 600 wM~4 c6nM 44 M M M 4 Ln 4 N N N~~000
M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M
14- 1-
O CD ~ O r- O ~ CO ~ (D ~ O ~ O ~ CD ~ CD ~ O CD CD CD CD ~ O O ~ CD CD O ~ O ~ CD ~ O
M Ln O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M
MM4[Y V V uiLn Lri Ln O C6 (6 CD n n n n pp pp pp pp M M M M O O O O~ NNNNMMMM4~q
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n r
O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
11 11 11 1- 1~ 11 11 11 1~ 11 11 11 11 11 -1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 LO M 11~ 11" 11~ 11~~~ 11-1\ 11 11\ L m LL L \ n LLn m m m L) L j L\n Ln M 1~ 11 m m L \ n m L\n m11
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
- ^ r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(D ~ CD ~ O ~ CD ~ O ~ CD ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ O O CD r-- O CD ~ CO ~ O ~ CD O ~ O ~ CO ~ CD ~ (D
M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M to O N M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M
N N N N M M M M g 4 v 4 Ln Ln Ln Ln LD 0 CD CD n n n n 66 66 pp pp M M M M 66 0 0 ~ N N N N
r r- r - N N N N N N N N N N N
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
11
Ln
LLnLiLnnLnnLiLLnLLnLiL n nL 11 LiLiLiLiL L nLiLiLiLn11 11 LnLnnm11 11 11 11 11 LnLnLnLnL nLLiLn11 LLnnLn11 1~ 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
LnLnLnLnLnLnLnLnLnLnLnLnLn
11 11 11 11 11 -1 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1~ 11 1~ 11 1*1 1- 11 1~ 1~ 11 11 11 11 11 11 1~ 11 1~ 11 11 11 11 11
NN C\i NN N NN NC\j N N N N N N N N(\I N N
N N N N
N O N M LO O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M LO O N M LO O M Ln O N M Ln O N O N M Ln O N M Ln
N M M M M O O O o N N N N M M M M g q 4 Ln Ln Ln Cp Lfl ~B r` i` i` n pp 06 O Cn M M 0 0 0 0
NNNNNNr- r`r-Nr`r- r- Nr`r`r`NNNi`Nr- r- r- r`Nr`r- r`NNr`r- Nr`r
fl I- N^^ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O N N N N
O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O
LD CO O O CO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CO O CO O O O CO CO O LD CO O O O O LD O O O O O CD CO
11 LO 11 Ln 11 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ CD CO CO O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
z z 3 z z z Z z z z 3 3r Z~ z (A 0 w N 0 0 Z 0 N w N N Z 3 N cn N Ln X 3 0 N w~ N O N to O N
Z N Z to
z z z z z z z z z z z Lii Ln cn N Ln N z N cn w N z <n N Ln N Ln w N~ N U) to M
Z N z V) L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N O Ln It It M Ln O Ln Ln Ln-N000M qt OOH - O Ln0 N - Ln - Ln't O It N0 0 -Ln N't L L L L .L L .C L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L _C L L L L L ..C L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La a La a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LI- LOLnq- q- MLO to LO LnLO -NOOOMtt00q- - OLnO N in Lo V- O~tN0-0-LO N V-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
co LnLO LnLnNco OD 00LO 00LO LnLO LnNLnNN00co 00co wwwLnLnLnCOO MMLn -00~~',I- -t - MM
m m M M O M m w w w w w m w m 00 w w w N N N N N N N N N N LO w CO w w w O LO Ln Ln M Ln M to ~t ~
~ Cn M Cif M M M M M~ M O O M M M~ M~ M M M M M M M M M~ M M M M M M M~ M M M M M O M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c00oc°o°Or~~~~°r~06n~nOND oa~D~o°DOa00oocOOO~oa0DOO~oa~DOmo~orn~aC°oo^ornrnrnmrnrnrnrnrnmo°OO°oo°o°o°°o
LL LL LL LL LL U- LL w LL LL LL w LL LL LL LL LL w w LL LL L.L LL LL w w L.L LL U- LL LL LL LL UL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL U-
0000000 , 0 , 0, mmm000000000M OOMco OOOco 00r-co 00 Nr`r` rl r` N 00Oor`
M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N M M M M M M M M M N M M N N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL U- LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL- LL LL LL LL LL w LL LL w w LL w w LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL- LL LL U- LL LL LL w
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 MMM0606 r`r`C6 r`0006 MNNMMMMMM4 4MNM V N 6 N6 6 000000O0r`r` r`tirl: OOODn
m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N
CO ~ LO ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ CO CO O CO CO ~ CO CO ~ CO CO ~ O .--O CO
LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N M Ln O N M to N M Ln O N M LO O M LO O N M LO O N O N M Ln O N M LO
4LrL«nLnL;i 6 6 COLDr: r`~~OO00wOUMMMMO00NNNMMMMOO- NNNN
r . . . N N N 7N N N N N N N N N N N^ N N~ r- N r- N
Oo000000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11`111 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1-111, \ Lfl O LOCO O O O O O O
Ln LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln LO LO Ln LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln LO LO LO Ln Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ l l\ \ \ \ \ l l\ -Ill \ \ I'll \ \ \ \ 1-111111\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N C \J" N N N N N "N
LV N N N N N N N^ N N N N N N N N N N" N N N N N N N N N" N^ N N N
w O - w r CO - W - LO - CO - w w - w - CO - w - w w w - CO - CO - LO - W - CO - W - W
Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln N M Ln O N M Ln O M Ln O N M Ln O N O N M Ln O N M Ln
N M M M M 0 0 0 0- - - N N N N M M M M- v vLO LO M M W LO W N r- N N M 00 M M M M O O O O
NN N N NL. tl- N N N N N A N N rl_ N rl_ N N N N N N N N N N N N r. N N N N N N N N N - rte
NN r-L- O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N~ N N
O 00 O O \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\O O 00
O O CO LO LO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O (D O O O O O O O O O O Ln LO LLn LO M \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ tw w w
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\
co~co.-cor-~~~o~~o~co~co~co.-~o~~~co~co~~o.-co.-cfl~co~co~co~co~co~co~~o
O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O
NNNNMMMMd-:44MMMM000OO6~~r~: P~: 6666Lb00OMMO)00009 " N
r r ^ r - - - N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
CO O CO O CO O O O CO O CO O O O CO CO CO O CO O CO O CO O CD O CO O CO O CO O CO O CO O CD O O CO O O O CO CO
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N- N N N N N N N N N- N N N^ N -N N N N -N -N N N -N N N N N N N N N N .N- N N
C C C C C C _C C C_ C C_ C C C C_ C C C C_ C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O o O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W:~: Z M N M M M M M M N M N M M N M M M M N M N M 0 M N M N M M E N N N M M M 3:3: z Z~~
M Z M
w N z M M N M 0 M M M M (f) ~ N M~ M M M N M N M M M 0 M M M M M~~~ M M M 0~~ z Z~~
M M N M Z M
L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L S t L L L L L L .L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n. a s Q. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N~ COCO O~COLo (DWa)r`00000CO NN 70~W0N W ~MWWMw0CO'It 0 N0-0
L L L S L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L S L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N W CO O W M r- o CO O O n O O O CO co N N M O O N W O W O Cfl O CO - O N O O
.c ,c ,c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
,q- 0000 CO V q- - r-N N It It V - N 14- 1- ~7 q- 0000tl- 'r1'000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O 07 tT 6~ O O M 0 0 0 O~ O 6~ O O 67 6~ O O LS) O O Ol ~ O O M O m O tT O M 0 tT M M O m 0 0 0 0 m M
o~ o~ o~ o~ o~ o~ o~ o~ o~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O N O o0 ~ O ~ O ~ O W 00 I~ O CO 00 f~ 00 a0 ~ O O M M M O W 00 W~~ 00 O I~ c0 00 W O0 M f~ 07
000omrnwooaocomrnrnaoao0oao0oao0oaoaoao0oao0oaoco0or~r~ni.r~r~ooao0oaowooaoao0om
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
LLOLL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L ~L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L LL L O00~ X00 -00000mmmoNO~
L
N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N M M M M M M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
i. rl~ rl M M 4 v 4 v 4 M M M 4 v 4 44 v 4 v 4 4 4 4 M Lri M 6 CO CO L6 M CO Lri M 444 4 M v v v M
N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M m M M M m M M M m M M M M M M m M M m
CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO e- CO CO CO - O CO O ~ (D ~ O
0 N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N m M O N M M O N m M O N m M O N M M 0 N M M 0
M M f i M [t v v 4 M M M M C6 C6 LD C6 r~: n n, r` 66 O O O 6i m M M 0 0 0 o N N N N M M M M v
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOf~f~t~ f~ f~ ~ ~ ~~t`~
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O o O O O O O O O O O O
CO w w O O w w O Cfl w O O O O O O O w w w w w Lo O Lo O Cfl O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ CO O O O O O O CO O CO O Cp Cp O Cp O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
- - - - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CD ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ CO
O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N m M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O
^~~r N N N N M LM M M gt 444M M M M CO CO C6 LD r~ r~ ~ r~-: 66666566 O Lr 6i Cr 0000~~~ N
r--- r-- - N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c\D C\O C\O c\O C\O c\O c\D c\O C\O c\O C\D C\O C\O C\O C\O c\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O c\O c0 C\O CO CO C\D C\O CD C\O C\O c\0 CO CO CO C\0 CO CO c0 CO c0 Cfl C\O CO CO
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - - - - N N N N - N - N - - -
cfl co co cfl co cD W co co Lnw co co cfl co cD co cfl , w W ,
N M Ln O N M L.. O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lr7 O N m O N M M O N M Lr'L O N M Lr'> O N M v'L O N M Ln o N
N N N M M M m 0 0 0 0: N N N N M M M M 4 4 4 4 Ln v) Ln U.) 6 O O (D n n n n pp oo du w M M
N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
co co co cfl co co cfl \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C C_ C C_ C C C C C C_ C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C_ C C C C_ C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z Z z Z z z z z z z z Z Z z Z Z z z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z z z
Z z z z z z z z z z z Z Z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z Z z 3 Z Z 3.z z z z
z z
C L L L ..C L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M Ln LO 00 n (O LO ~ LO N N- M N M N N N M LO Q O M LO M LO N (O n 0 (O M M M N Ln N M M M O M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L S L L L L L t L L L L= L
CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M LO In 00 n (O Ln I- Ln N N - M N M N N N M LO ~ (O M to M M N (O N 0 W M M W N Ln N M M M (O M
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N n n V I~ O O O O O O O 1' 1- 1- O O O I~ 11- cY d N N N N 0 N O O 1- N N n n n n n n n
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M O) M M O) M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CD 00 00 00 00 00 M 00 00 00 00 00 M CO M M CO 00 CO 00 M 00 M 00 00 00 00 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m Ln M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O
M M M M o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
r - - - r
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
'L0 'L 0M000000000000000000000000000000000000OD nn n nOD n nn n nn n n n nOOLOLOLO
M M M M LM N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o
M N N - O M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Oo Oo n n n n Oo n n n n n n n n n n (fl (.O (O vi Lr;
M M M m M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
(O - (O - L9 - O (O - W - (O - O - O - (O - (O - O - O - O (O - O - W W - (O - O - (O - LO
N m LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M v) O N M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M Ln O N M m O N M LO O N M Ln O N
d q Li u7 Ln v1 O (i O CO n n n n Oo 00 m Oo M M M M O O O O"" N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0
- - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n n
nnnn n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\
CO CO (O c0 CO O (O O CO CO CO O (O CD O c0 CD O CO CD O CO O CO O O (O O O CO O O c0 O O CO O (O O \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N
N N^ - N N-^ N- N N - (\I N ^ N N^ N - ^ N N^ N N- N-^ N N- N N^ C\J N- C\J N
O - (O O - O W - O - O O - O - (O - W - (O - O - (O (O - O - (O r-- (O - (O - O - (O - (O
N M LO O N M Ln O N M LO O N m m O N M m O N M LO O N M Ln O N M v) O N M v) O N M m O N M m O N
NNN C•M MMMOOOO NNNN LM M M mom' 444 Ln v) Ln Ln(O(fl(fl O n n n P o: ao o 00 MM
N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n N. n n n n n n n n n nnnn n n n
n n n n n n n O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
c \ o c \ o c \ o c \ o \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
co co ~ co co ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ cD ~ co ~ co ~ co cD ~ co ~ co ~ co co ~ cfl ~ co ~ cfl ~ co ~ cD co ~ co
M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M to O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M
rn LT O O O O N N N N M M M M 4 4 q 4 Ln Ln Ln Ln CD LD Cp LD n t: 66 d6 O ap M M M 6i 0 0 0
r- r` - - N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N------------------------------------------
.E N N N N N N NN N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N NC\J N N N
C C C C C C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C_ C C C
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z3:Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z~:Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z
L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q, a a a La a s Lz a La a a a a a a a. a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0000~WLD0) 0000N--- 000rnrnOD r-coN00r-r-LnLo N(oU-) Lnv 00W00.-mr- 00ao00 00rnNr-
L .C L L L L L L .C L L L L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0000 q-(D(DM00CO r- CO 00)fn00N Wr- ODNr- LnLoNWLoM'I- M M rnN~0oaoaoO M N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N N O O O 't It It - eY N N N N N N r 00 of a0 00 00 00 -
N N N N N N M M M M M M M It [t d' Lo Ln Lo Lo M LO U-) Ln u'I
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M tT 67 a1 M M M M M D7 a7 M 07 M M M 07 M LT M M M M O f3l M M E M M M 67 ~ LT M G M d7 ~ 07 07 M M M 07
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
Lo Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln ~ ~ It ~ ct ~ ~ ~ ct ~ ~ ~ Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Lo LO Lo Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln LD Ln
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ln Lo LA Ln Lo Ln Ln Ln Lo ui Ln Ln 4 4 q v 4 -1 4 4 4 44 1: 4 Ln Ln Ln Lri Ln Ln Lr; Ln Lri Lr; Lr; Lr; Ln Ur Lri Ln Lr; (.6 Ln
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
W - LA - LD - CD LD W LD - O LD LD LD - W - W - CD W - L.D - W O W - O O - W LD
M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M
N N N N M M M M 4 v v 4 Ln Ln LOLn LD CD C6 (6 r~-: r`~ r. 6606 6666 m m LT rn 0000 NNN
r` r` r` ~ r` r` r` r` ~ r` r` ~ r` r` r` r` ~ ~ r` ~ r` ~ r` r` r` ~ r` r` r. r. r` r. r` ~ ~ ~ r r' ~ ~ ~ r
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNNN N Nr-NN r-
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ f~ f~ f~ t` t` f~ f~ f~
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N
CD ~ O ~ CD ~ O ~ CD CD ~ CD ~ O ~ CD ~ CD CD ~ O ~ LD ~ LD ~ CD ~ CD ~ CD CD ~ O ~ CD ~ CD ~ CD ~ (D
M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Lo O N M
mm6000-" - :~6i N6i NMMM&;4444LnLnLnLOC6 C6 L6 CDr~r`r~r`66666600fr6i mLr000
r` r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C\l N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
fV N- C\i N^ N - - N ^ C\i N N ^ N N- C\j N ^ cli N N- C\i N ^ N- N N - N N- C\l N-- N-- N- C\j N
co co - cD co cD co cD 0 co 0 cD co co co co co co cD co cfl co cD
M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M M O N T M O N M M O N M M O N M M
O N N N N m m M M 0 0 0 0-- - N N N N M M M M M to Lo w CO CD CL) n f~
r- N
N N N N N
N N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 O a0 00 Op 00 00 op 00 00 00 O 00 0p Op ap Op Op Op 00 Op Op 00 Op Op ~ Op Op Op 00 Op Op
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C C C C C E E E E E C E E E E E E E E E E E E E C E E E C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Z Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
L .C L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t
a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O 00 00 LD co co 00 n 00 M M 1- M LD It n n 00 LD M N M lqt 0 w m M w w 0 w M W CO M M M M M M N 0
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L ,L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O^ CO 00 LD 00 00 00 n 00 M U )q- Oq- n n 00 O M N M~ LD LD M M LD 00 LD O M LD Lfl M M M M M M N O
C C C C E E E E E E E C E C C! E E C E E E E E C E C C E E E E E E E E E E E E c E C E E E
~ - ~ 1- M M M- - M M M M M 00 M M M M M M M M M - ~ 00 a0 ao 00 00 00 CD ao O r M M M M
M M M M M M M M M LD LD w w Co LO w CO w w w w w LD O w LO LD n n n LO LD w w LD CD w w LD n n n n n n
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M ~ ~ O7 M M O) Cl 67 O7 Cn M M ~ ~ M ~ M M ~ 67 67 M 67 O) M Q) O) M O1 O) d1 67 O) C1) 61 O7 67 M M d7 O M Cn d1
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o o~ o o~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U-
LO M M M M W CD w LD LD M W LD LD O O LD M M M M M LD M M LD O O LD LD M M M M~ V, m M N N N N, a) CD
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M LD 0 LD 6 O M LO LO LD O 6 LD M M M M M O M M 6 LD 6 LO Lfl M M M M 4 4 M LM N N N N ~ M Cn
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O ~ CO ~ CD ~ O ~ CO O O ~ LO ~ O CO ~ CO ~ CD ~ CO CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ CD ~ CO ~ CD CD ~ CO CD
M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N MU)
N Ln M M M 4 4 4 4 M M M M LO LD 0 LO n n n n w Oo 00 Oo rn &i &i 6i 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000oo
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
N N- N N- N N N N N- N N N N N- N N N N N N- N N - N N N N N N - C\j N N- N N N^ C\j N N C\j
LO r- O ~ CO ~ CD ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ LO ~ CD ~ O ~ O O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ CD O ~ CO ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ CO
M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M
O LV 6i NNMMMM0000. NNNNMMMc;i444 LMi&;&;LriL000COCOnr~~~
N N N N N N N N N N N N N n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n n n n n n n n n n n n n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O 00 O O O O 00 O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 Op CO 00 00 00 Op O0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 Op CO CO Op
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
(n co ~ co ~ (fl ~ cfl co ~ co ~ cfl ~ co (fl co ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ cfl ~ co (fl co ~ ~ cfl ~ cfl
O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M Ln N M M O N
66 66 66 0006i MOO6 O6 NNNNMMMM-~44gMLnLnLnCpCp(5C6r.r.r~: r`appppprna)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N r` r` f` r` r` r` N N r` r` N N N N N N N N N N N N N r` fl- N r` r` N r` r` N N r
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 00 O O o0 UO O O O O O O 00 O O O 00 00 O t70 O 00 tb O 00 t70 tb O oD O O O O 00 00 00 O
N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
.d C C_ C C C_ C C_ C_ C C_ _C C C _C C C _C C C C C C_ C_ C _C E C _C C C C C C _C C_ C C C C C C_ C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z Z Z Z
L t L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Lo M 00 LO Ln f- M Ln Lo L0 (O (D Lo 0) 0 0 M co N - N N N- - O - N M N O Ln q- 0- W O O Nq- N
-
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Ln Ln 00 W Ln f` Lo Ln Ln O (D W Lo M O O O) co N- N N N O N 00 N QO Ln O 00 (O O N f~
-
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
w w Lo M M M w w W N N N N N w N N N N N Ln M w w N N Lo o0 w N M m m N M M m N N w N N N N w
N N^ N r- N f- co 00 co 00 co N 00 Lb co 00 co 00 00 00 co m M m m m O O O O - N N N M M M M M
00000000000000000000000000000
M M M~ O) tT ~ tT 0 0 M M M 6) O O MO O M M O MOO M 0 0 0 0 0 MOO M O) 0) M tT M tT O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL
N M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N'L'L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N (\I N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - N ~ N N N N N N ~ ~ 6 6 6 6 O) LT 6 c)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O N M Ln O N M Lo O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M N M Lo O N
OOOO~~~ NNNNCMMMc;i4gg4LnLnLnLn(D(O(6(6r`r`w666666MM000O6
O O O O O O C)O C O O O C O O C O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O
O a0 00 O a0 W 00 OD L70 00 a0 a0 00 ao a0 00 00 t70 00 O c0 O L70 oD a0 00 O oD o0 O oD o0 O o0 00 00 a0 O a0 00 \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ w w w woo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
NNNNN
O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M N M Lo O N
0000 w oo O rn rn m O O O O--" N N N N M M M M gt 4 Oct Lri Ln Ln Ln(fl(5(6(i r~: r` r~: r` 006666 6i &;
Nr- r~ O O O O O O O O N 0 0 O O O O O N N N N N N f- N N P- N N N N N N N N N r- N N n N N N r- N N N fl- N N N f- N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 O O OD 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 l70 00 00 l70 00 00 00 00 00 DO 00 00 oD o0 W 00 00 W W oD oD CO 00
N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N~ N N N fV N N N N N N N N N C%j
- - - - - - - -
~ ~ co ~ co r- ~ ~ co ~ cfl ~ ~ co co co ~ cD ~ co ~ co ~ Lo co ~ co ~ co ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ca ~
M V) O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M m ON M Ln ON M V) ON M Lo ON M Ln O N M Ln ON M V) O N M Ln ON M
MMOOOO " N N N N M M M n70000~NNNNMM&i &i 4q v 4 L;i Lii Ln Lfi C6 C6 C6
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N I- N r- N n r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
n^ n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M O O M M O M M M O M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
d0 a0 W MMO W tbMMOOOtbOMO00M\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z 3 zig:3:z 33:(n 3:0 N3:w:~:03:w o cnN w N w
z zz (f) Ln (nNz 0z z
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z 3 z3:3:z3:3~V) 3:(n (n 3 w3~(n 3:w N tn(n w (n w
z z z V) N NNz N z z
L L L L L t L L L .C L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
't ctMN NO - (V r-N 0Lo N Lo V- 't mwa)N W q.-MMON-00000000000000000
L L L L t l _C L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
[Y ~M^ N0-C\j r- C~j 0Ln (-V» ~m(Da)NCot-mm0N.-00000000000000000
c c E c E c c c E E c c c E c c c c E E c c c E c c E E c E c c c E c c E c c c E c c c E
N N LO w LO w (n M M M M M M M w w w w a) a) a) M a) M O (D (n a) a) M (D a) M w Lfl M LO (9 w a) a) a) M M M
M M M M M M M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1~ ~2 Ln 2 N M (n Ln V) M M M 2 ~2 M M M M N M O M M
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL w LL LL LL LL w LL LL LL LL L LL LL LL
MMM M M M M M M 00 MMM 00 CO CO 00 lb Op O pp pp pp pp ^ r- N O O M M O N V) Lfl U Ln a- L M N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M ai M M M ai M M M 00 00 00 o6 o6 o6 o6 o6 c6 pp ap n r,~ ^ CO LO L ~ M 00 CO r,,: ui 6 4 Un 4 ~ M fV
cfl cfl ~ co ~ co ~ Lo ~ Lo co ~ co co ~ ca co ~ cfl ca ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ co ~ cD ~ co ~ co ~ La cD
M V) O N M M O N M Ln O N M V) O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M M O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M
N N N N M M M M cr~I- cr M Lo Lo M Lo W W W P- N N N M M M M M M M M O O O 0--- N N N
r - - ^ - - r ^ - - ^ - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
O tb O M O M 00 M O a0 00 M 00 M a) a0 tb 00 M 00 a0 a0 a0 00 M O M O M M O M O W W M O M W M M W 00 W 00
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Nc~ ^ N N N N N N N N N N N N
M V) O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M
MMOOOO - NNNNMMMMOOOO N N NNMMMM 't ~Ln Ln Lo Ln(D W to
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N ^ N r- r - r_^ N PIN N NN N N N N r_r_ r- NN n r-~^ n N
N rl N nn N. r- r- N Nr- L` N r- n r- L- 000000000000000000000000000
O 00 00 O O O O Cl O O O 00 O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
M M M W 00 W as Da QO QO M M 00 00 N 00 M a0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
CO ~ CO ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ O ~ O O ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ fD ~ O 00 M t70 M 00 M 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M 00 M t70
M O N M Ln O N m to O N M m O N M to O N M LO O N M Ln O N M- M 'q- O- M q- O- M q- o M [r O
rZ rZ 66 6666 w m 6) 61610000-" N N N N M M M OO OO 66 Lr Oj aj (5i O O O O ANN
N- N r, r- r- r- r- r- r- r - - r NNNN N NN NNN
\\\\\\\\\\\\\ooooo000000000000000000000000000
rn rn rn rn m rn rn rn 6, m 6, rn m m 6, rn rn 6, rn 6, rn m m m m rn rn rn m rn rn rn
N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N^ N^ - N N N^ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ N N N N N- C\j N
C C _C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O O O O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ZNZZLn~NLnN00N0NNNNNN00InLnNN LnNMNNLnLnIn03ZZZNw3:
NMNLn ZZ
z :9: Z fn Ln Ln 3 Ln Ln N 0 N 0 3: 0 3: (n 0 N 0 V) 0 U) 3:3:3' 0 N N 0 U) V) V) U) V) 3: Z Z Z u) Lu 3:
Ln Z N Ln Ln Ln 0 Ln Ln Z Z
L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O - 0 0 0--~ Ln - O N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L t L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-- 0 0 0 - gy m- O N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
~ t` M M M M 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 f~ ~ M M O O O O m M M M O M C6 0 0 0 (D N N 6) N N N N N 61 d7
6) 61 01 61 61 6) 61 6) 61 00 6) 6) 6) 61 6) 6) a0 O O a0 O 00 O ap pp pp pp pp n ^ ^ O pp O M M M N M M M M M N N
O a7 6) a7 61 D7 d7 61 M 6) a1 Ol Ol M 61 D7 6) M 6) M 61 ~ 6) D7 61 61 d1 Q1 M O 6) 6) ~ O M O Ql 61 61 6) 61 61 6) 61 61
o ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o ~ o
OOOOOO0OOO1f~0001~a0f~Cpc661r~r~ LO CO CO L6r~ cD00000000000000000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m 0 0 0 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m O O O O O O O o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL Li- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL u- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL
LL00000000 000 0 ~ crON -mMmNmO - NMcr M W N MMMMO NNM
i i - - N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000006 6 6 6 cnc;6 6 6 NNN.-N6 ~Ncli4 LntAr~c6c3iopopO~NNM
.77.77,7777,7.i - - r-- - - N N N N N
O^ O LO O^ O LO O O LO O N O U) O O O r O M O r O 00 m 00 M O m t70 M O M OD M 00 M W M tD
Ln O N M LO O N M LO O N M LO O N M LI1 O N N M M Lr1 O N M Ln O N M ~ M~ O c-- M A O M A O M cr O --N M M M M 0 0 0 0- N N N N M M M M 4 4-4: 4 Ln &i Ln o 0 0- N N N N M M m m
N N N N N -
~~~t`~ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOr~ t`t`~ ~ t`t`~ ~ ~ ~n ~t`~
O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ \ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ M 61 61 tT 6) 6) 61 61 61 61 M O ~ 61 M 61 ~ 6) a7 61 a7 61 6) \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
t70 W W 00 O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6) 6) 61 61 6) 6) 61 61 61 61 61 61 6) 6) 6) O)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\
N - - - - - - - - - - - - - c" - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O LD ~ O ~ CO ~ O CO ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ O ~ O ~ CO ~ CO ~ CO 00 M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
Ln O N M Ln O N co Ln O N M Ln O N M L/1 O N M Ln O N M Ln O N M M [t O r- M 'I- O- Mq- O M O
C6 r,~ ra w w 00 00 61 61 61 m O O O O N N N N M M M 66 06 00 61 61 m 61 O O O 0 ~N N
^ r - ^ - - - ^ - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ C\J
- N N N C\J N N N N N N N N - N ^ N
M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M O M O M 00 M CO M CO M W M 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 0p M 00 M N M OO M
(2 'l- 0 ~ m v' O M -40 m t O E M '~Y O ~ -4- O - m dO - m4 O O
N m M M M 0 0 0 0- - g N N N N M m M M 4 4 4 4 Ln Lri Lii L i LO C6 C6 C6 ^ N N N 00 00 00 00 M 0) a)
N N N N N N N L` N N r- N N N N N N N N r
N N r- r-r-r-0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6)~OOa7~
N N N N N N N N--------------------------------------
C! N N N N N NN C\j N N N N NC\j N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N W N (n W N N W N Z Z 3 N W N N 3:3: w N Z W N LW M N N N N N V) 0 N Z z Z N (n 0 LW Lw Z N N V) M N
NwLnNwcn wNZZ 3: 3: NwNN zwLw cnLncnN N0NwNZZZNNV)wwZ~NMNN Lf) L L L L L L L L .t L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L t L t S L t
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O O- N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O O- N- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
rn N (\I 0) 6) 6) ( N N N N LD N Lo N N w w w (fl N N N N N N N N N N a) 6) 6) 6) M Ln Ln Ln u) M M L!) Ln Ln
N M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O 67 d7 67 6) 07 6) 6) 6) 6) O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 6) 6) m 6) m 6) 67 6) O) d1 ~ 6) 41 6) 67 m a1 a7 0 a7 O m m 0 0 0)
o ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o o ~ 0 0 0 o°~ o o o 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL W LL LL L.L. W W LL LL LL LL W LL W W LL W LL W W W LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL L.L LL W LL W LL LL LL W LL LL W
m m m m m m m m m m N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL W W W LL W LL W W LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W W W LL LL LL W W W LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M M m M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M 00 m co M 00 M 00 m 00 m co M 00 M 00 M co m 00 m 00 M 00 m 00 m 00 m 00 m 00 m 00 M co M 00 M 00 m 00 M w m
M~ 0 M 'It O- M It 0 M V' O- M cY O M't 0- M 'cr O M 'I- 0- M q- O M,5: O 7 MI: O m
14 4 Ln Lo Ln Li L6 LD c6 Lfl rz r` r~ eo 65 Oo w rn rn 6) 6) 0 0 0 (5 ~ ~ ~ N N N N M m m m O O O O
- ^ - r - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O
D7 6) Q) 61 6) a7 6) Q) 6) 6) 6) m 6) 6) ~ 6) 6) d7 6) 6) 6) 6) D7 6) d7 ~ d7 D1 6) 6) D1 ~ 6) d7 6) m 6) d7
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N^^ N N N N N - N N N- N- N N N N N- N N N N N N N N N N N N- C\j N- N N
M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M lb M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M O M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M
M '~t O M [I' O ~ m~ O ~ m ~ O ~ M~ O ~ m ~ O ~ m d' O ~ M d' O ~ m~ O ~ m ~ O M t7 O ~ m
N N M M M M O O O O N N N N M M M M d- d- LEI In LO U) W W W W N N N N M M M M M M M
N N N N N N L` r- r- N r- L` N L` N r- ~ N rl N r- rl N N N L` r- L` N r- r- L` r- N N
fl-flfl I- NL-000000000000000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6) 6) d1 6) D7 O) _ _
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N^^ --N --N N N N^ C\i N --N N N N --N -N -N- N -^N ^ C\i N^ C\j N ^ N-N- C\i
O m au m oo m oo m ao m ao m ao m ao M ao m ao ao m ao m ao m ao M ao m ao m ao m w m ao m w m W m O m ao m
~t O ~ M~ O ~ M~ O ~ M ~ O ~ m d' O O M A O M A O m~ 0 ~ m~ O ~ m ~ O ~ M ~t O
M O O O O N N N N M M M M cr m Lrl Ln u'i Cp t0 CCi (D pp pp pp Qj 6j p) O O O O
N N N N N
0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N
\ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N- N N N N N- N N N N N N- N- N N N N N N N
C C _C C C C C_ C C C C_ C C_ C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C_ C C_ C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NzZz~`"~3zzzZZZZzzzZzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzZ3.zZzzzzzz
z
~zZzNt"~~zzzZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ~zZzzzzzz
z
L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L t L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N A M LO N W W q- W M N LO M M M M LO N M M~ M M M W M N Ln
L L L L .C L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- N A M In r LO Oq- O M N Ln LO M LO M LO N M M*~4- M M M CO LO N Ln
c c c c,c c c c c c c c c E c c E E E E c c c c c E c c E C! E E c c E c c c c E c c E c E
Ln L/') M M M Ln N N L2 In L2 Ln Ln Ln N N u2 M O) M N N (O LO M 0) N N (D w M O) M M M M M O O O
M M M M M M M M M M M M
M O) M M fT O M lT M M M O) Q O M O) M O) M 6) M M M M O) ~ M to M M O) M M Ci) ~ M M M M M M M O) M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
U- U- U- L.L U- Lj- U- U- L.L U- L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL
N m m M M m m m m M M m m M M It LO LO LO U- U- U- U- U- U- U- U- U- LL LL LL LL M M M M ct M M E It It ~ Ln LO Ln ( gy p w(D(D r- r- N(D Lo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 4 vi Ln Ln 4 v 4 M M M M 4 M M 4 4 4 4 Ln Lri Ln (p (6 Lo (6 (p (O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
00 M 00 M co M 00 M co M 00 m 00 M Co M 00 m 00 00 M co m 00 m 00 M Co m co M co m 00 m co M co M 00 M 00 M 00 M
O7cna O 77 In7t O M'5: O7M1: Or~: O 77 MAO L»'5: O7M5: O MAO L»'5: O7Ln'5: O
N N N N M M M M q CI' d- v Ln LO Ln LO (0 (D W r- r- r, r- CO 00 00 00 Q) M a) M 0 0 0 0- - N N N N M
00000000000000000000000000000000N r-NNN N r` N NN N r~N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N
00 M 00 M O M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO 00 M 00 M O M 00 M M M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M O M M M
V O M O M O M O M O ~t O M O M~ 0 M d' 0 ~ M 'I- O M A O M~ 0
M0000- - NNNNMMMM~cr LnLnLnLnWW(D(6~~r~: P:~ 0000C000MMMMO000
r r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N^ N -N^ N^ N^ N N N N N -N N^ N N N^ N -C\j N -N N N N N ---N N N
00 M 00 M O0 M 00 M 00 M OO M O M N M CO M 00 M- M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M lp M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
M d' O M
~ ~ O ~ M V' O - (y) 4- O ~ M~ O M A O - M~ O M ~t O E M d' O ~ M a' O E M ~ O
N N N N M M M m 0 0 0 0 N N N N fM M M M 4 c: v Lri Ln &i &i La (13 CO ~6 P~: r~: r~: ^ 60 60
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
L` N.N f\ r-r-N r` r` N f-OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
O O O O O O O O O
O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N (\I N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N NNNNN~ C\i NNNN.----- - -
C_ C C C_ C _C C C C_ C C C C C C C_ C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z 3:3:3:3:3:
Z Z~ Z Z Z z 3 Z N w N Z N V) w Ln ~ N Lw 0 0 0 w w z 0 0 Z 3:3:3: U) 0 Ln w N
z Ln N Ln z
zzzZzzz zz Zzzz zNwNz37Lnwcn3<n~wLnLn0wNzN0z~~~Ln0LnzLn
Z N N Ln
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a n, a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Ln LO 14- N 0LnM-LnO l-"W n.-MMMO1- 0 0 0 0 0 0 .-M.-00000-M0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO Ln~ N OLOM.-LO O~NCDM-MMM 0'tOOOOOO-M-OOOOO.-MO OOOOOOOO
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
O) a) (9 LO LO (D O O) 0) O CD O O L9 N LO N O O (9 M a) (n M M M O Lfl O w w O 0) 0) 0) M M M O (9 M M M a) M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M LM Mt :r ~ ~ d' d' cr ~ [Y t Ln
L2 ~2 ~2 Ln 2 Ln 2 ~t
rn O) m O a) rn O M O m O O rn m rn rn O rn rn 0) m 61 rn O 0) rn 0) a) O O 0) O O O a) 0) m rn a) O m rn 0) O 0)
0 0 0 o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mOCOCO~D~DO00)QOf~CDinMa0OO0CDl~ap~t ~apmOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
0) 0 0) O) 0) 6) (n M LT O O M O a) 0 0 0 rn 0) O m 6) 0) M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LL LL w w w w w LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL U. LL LL LL LL U. L.L LL LL L.L. U- LL LL w w LL LL U- LL w w LL w LL w w w LL LL U- U-
N 00 N w Ln W LO W LD LO LO d' It m N O 00 w r- LO I- V- , N r 0) 0 00 r- 00 w LO Ln I- N r- 00 r- N 00 O) O O m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- - - r- -
LL LL LL U- LA. LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL w LL U- LL LL w w LL LL U- LL w w LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL U- LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r,: w r` r` LD r. Ln cD 6 cD 6 Ln 4 M N - O rn r` r-1: r` Ln 4 ~ N 1 rn O 00 r` 00 Lfl L9 Ln 4 r` r` w r Oo rn O O rn
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
w m w m w m w m co M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M w m w m 00 M w m w m w m w m w
- MVO - MAO - MIt O MAO Mgr0 Ma- O M,5: O.-M'5: 9 7M'5: 9 7M'~: 9 7cnv: O
M Mc~i v 4 q v) Ln Ln Ln t6 69 t6 Or~: t` t` t` pp m w w m m m m O O O O- - N N N N M M M M O O
- - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r-
~
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N
N N N N N N N C\i N - N N N N N - N - - - - - - - - - - -
00 M W M Lb M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
M [r O E M O E M ~ O~ M [r O ~ M~ O ~ M a' O r- M rY O M A O M CT O ~ M~ O M [Y O
N N N N M M fh M 0 0 0 0---- N N N N M M M M1- tt It M Ln Ln Ln W W W L9 r` N N t` M M
N N N N N N N N N N N f~ ~ f~ t` f~ f~ t~ ~ f~ f~ f~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f~ f~ t` ~ f~ f~ f~ t` f~ f~ ~ f~ t`
O O 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0
O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - \
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - ^ - - - r - ^ r
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M OO M OO M OO M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M Op M W M W M W M W M W M W M
M O M t O- M ~ O- M A O- M A O- M A O- M 'I- 0 M 'I- O- M A O M q- O- Mq- 0 M
W W (3)M0-) MOOO6 ~ ~NNNNMMMMggqqLnLnLnLn W 4W W rte: 66 W W W MMM
000000000000000000000000000000000000000
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N O N N O N N N N N N N^ N~2 C~ N N N N N
C C C C E C C C E C C_ C C C C C E C C C C C C E E C E C C C E 0 0 0 C C E E C C C C E C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N v) Z 03: N (A V) 03: 0 w 03: to 03: (A V) 3:: (n 3: N3:: Z z3: w w w 0 N 0 0 0 0 0 w w w
cn m (n V) V) N (A N V) V) In z z z V) V) N
ai 3 0 (n 0 w3: Z (n X 0 0 w (n 3 0 w 0~ 0 w~ (n 0~ 0~ 0~ z z~ w w w N 0 w 0 0 0 0 w w w
V) (n V) V) V) V) V) N (n V) V) Z Z Z VI V) V)
L L L L L L L L -C L L L .L L t t t t t t t -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q_ a 0_ Q Q_ Q L2 Q a Q fl. 0_ Q_ O_ Q Q_ Q Q_ Q Q Q L1 Q Q Q Q_ Q Q O. O_ L~ Q_ Q. L1 L1 L1 L2 L2 L2 L~ s? O_ O_ Q Q_
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
000000'-0000-000000000000-cV OOOOOOOOO W Lo W W O W M-ON
L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L S L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a s La a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a L2 a s to a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
000000-0000-OO0000000000-NOOOOOOOOO W W W W O W M'-ON
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c ~ c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
M MMMM(n MO) M Cn M O) 6) 6) (O 0) M W(D 0000 m M O O O O O M M M LO CO O O O W O M M O O W COW
- v LO d V V- It V- I- V- It N N N N N N N N N N N N W W W N W W W W W N N m
m m rn m rn rn rn rn m m m m rn rn rn rn m m rn rn rn rn rn m m m m m m rn rn m rn rn rn rn rn rn m m m m rn rn m
0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o o 0 0 0 \ o o ~ o o\° 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 ~ o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6) O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O~ O 0) m MM
0
00000000000000000006)0000000000000006)6) W W MM W N N
w w LL w w LL LL LL w w w LL LL w w LL LL w LL LL LL LL w LL w w LL w w w LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL U- LL w LL w
r-N Ln Ln LnmOO,OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO-MW W ON ~t Ln W W N W W MO
L - - - - - - - - N
w w LL w w LL LL LL w w w LL w LL U- LL LL LL. LL w LL w w LL w w w w w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL w w w LL w LL w
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r`rl~ LnLnLnfnOO-OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO~: MCOC6 LjN LritiMMMO(yjLriLD
N N N N
M OO M OO M CO M OD M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M W M W M W M W M W M OO M OO M W M W M W M W M W M W M
cn'5: 9 7Ma O cn'5: O7(»'5: 9 ~M'5: O7M'5: 9 T1:97M'5: 9 7M'5: 9 7M'5: 9 7M[Y9 7M
00 - - N N N N M M M M V- It ~ Ln Ln M LO W W W 0 N N N N W W W W M M M M O O O O
r
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0000000,
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
NNNN
M OO M 00 (h 0p M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 Cn 0p M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M
m ~t O ~ m cr O ~ m ~ O M A O m~ O M a' O M A O - M d' O m~ 0 M~ O ~ m~ O ~ m
W WMMMMO O O O- - - NNNNMMMM~~It v Ln LnLf)(.0 WLDCDr`NNN W W W W M M M
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (V N N N N N N N N N N N fV N~ N N N N
W !h W M W M W M W M W M 0p M W M W M 00 M 00 M OD M W M M 0p M 00 M 0p M W M W M W M W M W M W m
V O M 'I' O M 'q- O- m [Y O- M q. O m a' O- M q- O M V O M ~t O- M v o M rl O- M A O
d)OOOO----NNNNMMmM0000 NNNmC/)Mm [r4gCp(k; 66 6r~-:f~^ ao
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N r- r- N r- r- r. r- N r, r. rl r` N.N r. N o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
r \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N ^ N N ^ " N N N N N N ^ N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.C C C C C C C C C C C c_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ln W Ln W N W W W Ln fn W W (n Lu W W W W Ln Cn
W N N N N N N N N NN N NN N
N N N N N m N N N N N N L/) In (n M W M (n N N N N N
fn W N W (n W W W Ln N W W M w W W W W Ln Ln W Ln Ln W to (n W (n (n N N N N N [n W (n W N W N N W In
N N Ln N M M N N M N N N Ln Vl N Ln M N
L L 'C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a n a a a a a a a a a o_ a ,s Q Q, Q Q Q Q Q Q Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
WN co w (o r- W r- r- c\j w ~OO)~NooNN W Ln~ W .,t NmW 0)0)Or_00000 O t Ln~O0
C\j
t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
CO NW W O r-W r. N Nw p(n N W NNW Lo ~CD [t~N~W m~Q(~COW OOd'm LI ON
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
LO N N N m w CO w 0) W N N N N N N 0) 0) N Lfl W LO LO m 0) m N N N N m N N N W m m m m M N W N N W
M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M m m N M M M M m m m M M M
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LnLnNO W ,1q-M Ln'tN (D Ln WN~ - N I- N Lo r- Lo (D 0r-N co co W W 0)00 - N N O
r~ r~ r~ r~ co c0 co co cfl co cfl co co cfl c0 N N r N N N r- N N r. r- 00 co co co co CO W co co a) m m 0) rn rn m m am m
LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U-
0 0 0 0 0 m m m w mNr. co r- r.N0Lflw0w0wr.tiLOLnLo (D (D W wr-r-wr.r-Wwwr.r. Wm 00
N N N N N - - - - - - - - r-- - - - - - - - -
LL LL LL lL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0
r.r. W W m6000mW W W r,~ LOLn V' 444cyi4cmcncnN6 Wmmmm6 6 mmm o6 o6 W mm0~0
N N N N N M M m m N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - N N - - - N N N
W M 00 m m M OO M W M W M W M m M W M W M W M W M 00 C/) M CO M OO M Op M Op M W M W M W M W M 00 M
1- O M ~t O m 0 m O m O m 0 M [t O M d O M ~t O m O M It O M V- O
N N M I- Ln L!'1 M L/') W W W W t~ t` t` W OO OO m m m m 0 0 0 0 N N N N M m M m p
r r - N N N N N N N N N N N N~
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N -N -N N -^N-C\j N -N N -N -N -^N-N^-N^ N^ N N -N -N -N N N-
00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M M 00 M 00 M 00 m M dp M OO M OO M M W M W M W M W M W M 00 M 00 M W M W M
~t O ~ M 1- O M 'q- O - m -q- O ~ M It O - M~ O r- M V- O MIt O - M V. O m~ O ~ M d' O E M d' O
0) O O O O N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 N N N M M M" M 4r - 4 v w Lo w w N r` r- r. 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ n n n
N N N r` N N N r- N N N N N N N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O o O O O O O O o O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N C\j N N C\j N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
OO M OO M W M OD M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M
HMV O Mcr0 Md'O~M V O-MAO-Mt 0-M V O MO7M V 9 7M V OEM,5: OEM
W W W M M M M O O O (5-" N N N N M M M M 4 4 4 4 Ln V) to LO L4 W W N P, N N W W co W M O M
\11\\\\\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
" N A N N^"~ N N N~ N r C\J N N N C\J N N N N^ N N N" N~~ N" N~ N N N
,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
to M N N N N N N (n N M N V) N N M W N N N M N N Z N N Z N N Z N M W M N N N N Z Z N
N
(n(nw
Ln V) nNNNNNNNNNwv)OOw(wNwNNNZNNZMNZMN W NNVWICwMZZ~~~N
N
t .C t t t L S .C t L L L t L t L L L .C L t L t .C t t -C L t~ L -C L t t L~ L t L L L t .C .C
Cl a a a a a a Cl a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Cl a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O M M M M M LO W Ln (n M (V Ln Ln W O O N O O- M O O O N O O N M M O LO Ln M M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L L L t L t t L t L L t t t L t L t t s t t t ,C ~ L L L L L .C L L B _C t t t~ t ,C L L L a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O M M M M M Ln w LO Ln M (V Ln LO W 0 0 N- V' O O- M O O O N O O N M m 0 Ln M M M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M M M M M M M M O M W W W W M M M M M W W W W W M M M W W M M M W O M O M M W O O O O O W
M M M M M M M M Ln LO W Ln W W W N N N N N N W W W W W N
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M~ M
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N M M LOW N w w Ln N N W LOW N N W O Ln m w w W O O O O O O W W N M CD V' O W O Ln W Ln
M M~ W M~ W M M M M~ W M M M M M M~ W W M M M O O O O O O M~ W W M W W W I~ W W CO CO CO
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W W U. LL LL LL LL LL LL
W CO CO W W W W W M M Ll LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
W W M M M f~ W M^ CO V. V' M N N O M W M N V' V• Ln Ln I- co It N M
N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
OOO-OOMOOOOOOOOW r~c0~r--: Ln44c6 NN OMW M -cricocpr-,: oopriappLp -C\icyi
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - N N N M M M M M
W M W M CO M OD M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M CO M CO M CO M M CO M CO M W M W M W M W M W M
7 T'5: O M V' O 7 M V O 7 M'5: O 7 M V' O 7 M'5: O 7 T'5: O 7 M O 7 M'5: O r m V O 7 M V O 7 M
000 N N N N M M M M q- I- V• I- Ln W Ln LO W W W W N N N W W W W M M M M 0 0 0 0
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNNN N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I'll \ -1111, \ 1111\ O O O 00 O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N
W M co M W M co M co M W M 00 M W M W M co M W M W M W M W M W M M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M
M V' O M V' O M V' O M [ f O M V• O M c r O M V• O 7 M O M V' O M t O M V' 0- M
W W W M M M M O O O O - N N N N M M M M dt V V• I~t LO M LO W W W W N N N^ W W W W M M M
O O O O O O O N fl- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N r`
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N \ \ \
N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11 \ 11 \ 11
- N N N N N N N N N N N N^ N N^ N N^ N N N N N N^^ N N N~ N N N N^ N C\J
OO M W M W M O0 M W M W M W M W M W (v j 00 M 00 M O0 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M M M W W M M W M W
O M'tO M O MAO-Mv0-MctO MAO-M,*OMAO-MOMS MO O
01 O O O O - N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 ~ N N N N M M M L;i 4 4 4 C6 C6 C6 r~: r~: co Lb of of
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ N n N N N N N N Nr~ N N r- N N N r- N N N N r- N
P-nr~n r` P-N r-r-r-N N N r-plr` f-0000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M m m M M m m M M M M M m m M M M m m m m M M M M m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N ^ N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - r - - -
C C_ C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Z w N m N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z~ N Z Z Z Z Z Z z Z N Z Z Z Z Z M Z Z Z~ N Ln N
3:w3:N(nzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz3:3:zZZZZZZ3:3:3:zW3:zowzz;~:ov)cn3:
z cn N Ln z Ln z z z z Ln
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L _C L L L .C L ,C L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ La a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ L>_ a a a a a n n, Q o_ a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
00-0 0 N W LO m0 W W cnm00 i.Lnwr- W ra~vMW NLO -M000000OONct000
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L _C L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Lz a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
OO - OON W LO m0a) CO mmW r~0)W r W-0W-BMW r-LO -m00000000Nq. 000
,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
cDCOCOMOCOCOmmcflcC+MMCDCOCOCpOCOOMMMO00co00000mMmMCDC000 cflcoM00
~ r` ~ n ~ CO LD CO W W W W CO LO CO LD W n W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t` ~ ~ ~ W W f~ r` ~ ~ ~
m Cn W m O) W d1 m W 67 W lT d1 m W m W p~ 61 01 lT M~ Cn m m M m m m 67 m M m W 01 m Q1 tT 67 07 M m~ W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
W M M U) LO M M O N A M [t W Ln W N W LO I N W W N M O M N 'ct N N W O O O W M O O O O
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO L.O CO CD ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ OO W W W W W W W a7 ~ M m W m Cn O O O W M O 0 0 0
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
't I- M M Lo M N N , N, N N, ~ O) O M N ~ N N m N N N, O N N N N O m Ln M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O p O p p p p p 0 0 0 0 0 0
d'MMMCO V N ~OOOmm6 W W00r,: r~: Lri4r,: P,: L6(.6 6L6ur 4 fMNN~ NNNN ~66uiM
m m m M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N -
00 M 00 M W M W M W M W M W M co M W M co M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M M M W W M M W M W
O 7 M O 7 cn : O 7 cM 5: 0 7 M O 7 M5: O 7 M5: O L M 5: O 7 cn : O M O M ct 7 m 0 O
"NN N M M M M It l- I- I- Ln Lo Ln Ln W W W CO N NN W W W W m M O O O N N N M moo
- N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m m m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N
,q- N N - N N C\j N N ^ C\j N C\j N C\i N N N N N
N N
OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M W M W M W M W M W M OO M O0 M OO M OO M OO M M M W W m M W M W
0 M It O M A O M [t 0- M't O- M q- O M It O M It 0- M d- O M O M S- M 0 O
rnOOOO~~~~NNNNMML»cn0000- -.-NNNN(MMMM4rt-W C6C66r~~66666idi
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n N N n N r- N N N. N N^ N N n r- r- r- r- r- n r- r- N r- NN N N N N t` r-r-NN N r-N r-r-OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m m M m m M M M M M M M M m m M M M M M M M M M M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N - N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - r
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0"t0 W mW moomWmLpmaomOMaom WmOmaomoomaomaomaoMWmoomoomaomoomaom
0 0 ~ "Id' O E M ~ O ~ M~ O M~ O ~ M [Y O E M O ~ M [t O E M ct O E M ~ O M A O ~ M
O O -N N N N M M M M 4 q- 1- 4 Lo M Ln M O O t9 (9 N N N N 00 co 00 00 0-) tT (y) O O O O O
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M m M m M M M M M M M m m M M M M M m M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M m M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N
.E NN C\j N C\i N N C\j NNC\j N N NN NNN NNN NN N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NNZ ~NMMtW MM W (n V) Z MM NNMNNMNNMMtn MMMMMMMMMM
3. 3:: M~: M M W M M W M M M M M 3 M M 3. M W M M3: M M W M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
M M Z M M M M Z M M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0- 0-- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- O N M CO N
L L L L _C L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0- 0 - O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O- O N M WN
,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M O O O M O O O O O O M M M (DO O O O O O tD O O O O O M M N M M M M M M O O O M M M O O M
O to O M m M 07 M M m tT tT tT M tT O tT tT O O O tT M tr m M M O m~ O M O O tT tT M tT 61 M Cr 0~ 0) O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000)0)00rn000)000000000000 N ~-w4tow,t w,-LONd-
0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O m m O O O O O M O O O O O O O O O O O O m m m m m m M M M M M M
LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL
O d1 N LO tD LO M N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t9 L- LO ~ r ~ N It m w N w m m O O N N
N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 M N t9 t9 LO M 'I- N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD N O N A N N M N M O N N M cr M M W W W
N N N N N N N N N N
M 00 M 00 M 00 M OD M W M W M OD m 00 M tp M tb M W M W M CO M tb M O0 M M M W M 00 M 00 M tp M OO M 00 M
O~O~M[tO~M V'O~md'O~M~O.-M~O~MStO~M~O~Md'O'-M~O~M V'O~M
N N M M M M I- V' 't It M Ln M LO O O O O N 1- N n 00 w w w m m m m O O O O- - N N N N M M M
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m M M M M M M M M M m m M M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\\\\\\\\\
m M M M M M M M M m M M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
- - ^ - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M 00 M 00 M 00 m tb M 00 M tp M O M W M O M O M O M tp M O M 00 M 00 M O M tb M W M O M M M W M O M
O ~t O M1- O- M1- 0 M q- O- M It O- M d' O- M-t O- M H O- M~ 0- Mq- 0- M 'q- O M
OOH NNNNMMMMg444 LnMM Cp to CO C6 P~: r` r. L` w tb 00w rn m rn rn O O O O~
r- NNNNNNN
OO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M M M M m m M M m M M m M M M M M M M M M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 7!Z \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N " N N N N N N N N N N N N N " N N N N N N N N N~ N N r1i
W M W M OO M W M W M Op M 0p M 00 M 00 M 0p M 0p M 00 M 00 M 00 M 0p M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W
~tO~M1O m~O~m~O~M~O Lm~O7L»~O~M~O~m~O MAYO m~O~M~
N N N N M M M M O C O O N N N N M M M M d' Lo Lo M m w w w CO N N N N w 00 w m
NNN nr`NNNN 000000000000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N
AC N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
.C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LnLn0LnwLn<nNZ~ zz3NmzwmwLnLn3:3:3 NzzLn(n3cn w
3: 3. V) cnmLn 3 wmN~w
M (n (n V) U) V) N N LO N N
Ln N Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln N 3~ z z 3: 0 N z w 0 w N 0 3~. 3:3:3: ~w z z Ln ~ (n 3 w 3: (n 3: V) V) (n ~ ~ w <n V) LU
N U) N (f) V) En M V) (n V) N
L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
W ~MM OOOOOOMO-000-OOONONOOOOO.-OOOOO-M00000000
L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ o_ a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
(D "t m m- O O O O O O M O- O O O- O O O N O N 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O - M O O O O O O O O
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0) 0) (.O Lo (D 0) 0) 0) 0) (D W W w m O 0) 0) 0) CD w (n W 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) O 0) 0) 0) 07 W w W W LO LD CD CO (D
LO Ln Ln in Ln LO LO LO LO LO LO LO Ln LO V- It d' 'ct ct ~t [t It It
O) D7 D7 W a7 M d7 W O) Q) 0) d7 M d7 6) 0) 6) 0) a7 M 0) W M O) d7 O) 6) 0) D7 W W M 0) 0) 0) O) Q) Q) O) W d7 W D7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 OR OR
a) N (D W NCY)M W W 0(DLn0N LO (D W 0000000000000000000000000000
W N N N N N r-N N N W W W M M M M M O M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N N N N N N. O N CD Ln LD Ln It Ln M N N O m m O O O O (3) (3) W W O) W LO CD CD N W N W fem.
N N N N N N N N N N N N - - - - -
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c6r,~ W W W W m o6 W W COi~ W r-~ r,: L6 4LnMNN-~6 rno)0 0 0 Omrn o6 o6 (3i o6 COLDCOr-~Lflr` W r~
N N N N N N N N N N N N N -
W M W M W M co m W M W M W M co fn W M W M W M W M W M W M W m W M W M W M W M co M W M W M co
~0 Mc t0-Md-O-MIt 0 ~M1- 0 -M~t0-MA0 -M1- 0 -MAY0 M q-0 M 4-O Mrt
C;i ` L'i&; nLnW cOL;L6r t: r`~ W W W WrnrnrnrnOOOO~ ~.-NNNNmMmM0000
r - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ r- N r-
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000 O O O O 11- 11 11 1~ "1 11 11 " 1~ -1 "1 " 1*1 -1 11 "1 " 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1~ 1~ 1~ I- 1~ 11 11 11 11 11 1~ 11 11 11 11 11 1- It 11,
It
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m m m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N
N N N - C\j N N N N - N ^ ^ N - .N- N ^ N ^ - - N - ^ N - ^ - ^ N - - N ^ N ^ N - N
W M W M W M W M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M Op M 00 M l70 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W
~t O- M'~t 0 M ct O- M~ 0 Mq- 0- Mq. 0 M O T,5: O M O c n,5: O T'5: O 7 M,5:
~NNNNMMMM0000 NNNNMMMM~q- 't 4 Lo Lo Ln Lo W w w CO N N N N W W W W
N NN N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M
N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M CO M 00 M 00 M OD
O » 6i O(5 M(5 O M- M m Op O M- m O M 00 m 0p m 00 M W M W M W M lp M 00 m OD m Op M lA M 00 m 00 m aD m
M O M 7 0 M
M O M O O M 5: O 7 M~ O M~ O
m m m m O O O O N N N N M M M M 4 4't 4 Li) Ln Ln Lo O O O w N N N N m 0p m 00 m m M M O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
d d V - - - - - - ------N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N - - - -----N ------------N N - - N - - - N - N - - - N - N - N
C C C C C C C E C C C C C C C C C C C E C C E C C C C E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N W (n M N N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N Z N M M N N N N MV) M N N N N N M N M N
New w NMNNNNNNNNNNMNNN0NLnNNZ N(n(nMNNujNN(nNNNNN00000
L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L .L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a Q a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O M N O N O N M Ln Ln (D 0 0D 0) OD p) N N O M Ln ^ 0 0 0 0 ^ N- O O M M 0 O W - t,
L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O M N O N (ON Ln Ln LO (D woo m CDC) N N (OM - m^ O O O O ^ N^ O O M M M O M I- '
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
CO O (D M M M M M M O) m O m m LD O LD O N N O N N N O N N N N N N (D O (D O (D O O (D N N N N N N
~Y ~ d' ~t ~ M M M M M M M M Cn M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
m m m m M m m O m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m M m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0IOR\ 0 0 0 0\~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000000( W WLn Ln ~MN.-OO0)rnN W N MM
O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m m m m m m m m m m m m m 0o m m m m m
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N N N 00 00 co N N M O O N N N N M M It LO W (D N co N N co 00 00 m 00 m O - N N N M MIt q'
r - - - - - - r- - e- - - r - r - r - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r~r`P,: o6 00O6 r`r-~ mOO NNNNMM-1: 44 L6 (6 (6r`060606 mmm6 6 NMM4 toLn(DOr`0om
r - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M CO M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M tp M 00 M 00 M
O M V O M'5: O 7 M A O ~ M'5: O 7 M'5: O M7~ O 7 M'5 O M A O M cr O M'5: O M d' O
NNNNMMMM lqY d'~'r to Ln m Ln W w w O N N N N 00 m 00 M m m m m O 000- -N
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONNNi.NNNNN
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\000000000
't I- V- It
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\
0 N N N N N N
M lb M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M tb M op M CO M 00 M N M 00 M 00 M 00 M
O~M~O M~tO~Md O~M~O MAO M[FO~M~O~M~-M"t O Mv- O M It O
mmmmOOOO NNNNmmmm q- q- -rY1- Lo mmLo (D(o(D(Dr~: r`r`r`w00OO00mmmmO
N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N NN N fV N fV N N N N. N N N N N. NN N N NNN
N N N fV
OO M W M W M W M W M W M l70 M OD M 00 M 00 M 00 M OD M OD M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W M W M W
M[YO~m~O M[Y0 -m~0 rM~0 MAO - MttO m~O~M V O mvO~M~O~
O O O N N M M M M O O (56 r- N N N N (;i M m M 4 d' L!) Ln Lo Ln (D (D CO (.p N N N f- 00 00
N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Ln L) LO Ln m Ln Ln LO LO Ln LO LO m m Ln m m m m LO m m m Ln m LO m m m m to m Ln to
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N W W N (n (n N to N N Z W N W N W W N (n w W W N W W W (n W W W W W (n W W W (n (n (n W (n W (n W (n
Z N N (n (n (n (n N (n (n N (n N M (n (n
N W W N N N N In (Wn (n z W (L% W (ii W W m N W W W N W W W M LLL W W W LLL (n W W W N M N W N W N W N
ZN NNN tnmMNm NmN M M M
L 'C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a La Q a a a a a Q a a a a a a Q a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M't OW Ln LO W (O M LO OO~OO 0)000 -N0MW000OM W NOM LO I- W WNONN NrY q'f.N
- - - - - - - - - - - - -
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M~ (,0 (0 LO Ln W w M LO O O ~t O O W O W- N O m W W O O O M W N O m (n - W W N W N N N V' A N N
a) _ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
W W N N M Ln Ln (n N W M Ln N N N N N N W W Ln Ln W Ln Ln N N N N W LO N (n (n W M W W m Ln Ln Ln (n W
N N N N N ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W O) 67 M W 67 W W 07 W M W W W W W W W W W W W W W f~ ti
-00000000000000000000000000
m O) W W m W 07 a7 m W W W W d7 67 O d7 67 07 LT W M m W W W m W tT W m W W W W W 07 a7 W M W W W m d7
o o ~.Il o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
W N In M M M N d- m m w m O m w N W W W f- W W f-- N W w to W (n (n M f- W N N N (0 N O m m w N
LL W LL LL LL W W W LL LL LL W W W LL W W LL W LL W W LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL W U- LL LL LL LL W LL LL. LL
It ~ d' It d- ~ Ln I- ~ M N N N N, N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m I N (\I N O ~ O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL W LL W LL LL LL W LL LL LL W LL W W LL LL LL LL LL_ W LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O N N N N N- O m W W N f- W CO f- W f- W CO W CO CO W 0) M (n a) O O CO r- O W m- O r- W W
M M M M fn m m M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N M N N M M M m N N N
OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 (h 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W
cn,5: 9 7T,5:97 n:O7c»d 97Mv: 9 ~M,5 9 ~M,5: O T,5:9 n,5: 9 ~M,5: 9 7(»[h97
N N N (h M Ln to Ln Ln ( fl C O C O CO f~ ti 00 00 d0 00 pj pj p) O O O O - - N M M M M O O
- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N f-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Ln M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N
--r~.---
N- NN -N- -N - -N------ N
W M l70 M 00 M l70 M 00 M 00 M 00 M a0 M 00 M 00 M CO m 00 M 00 Cn 00 M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W m W
M'5: O~mv O7(»,5: 9 7cn1: O M'5: T'5'9 M~O:97 cm V O~
0 0 0- N N M M M M 0 0 0 0- - N N N N M M M M~ ~t d- Ln M M M (p (D W W N N N N M M
N N N N N ti N N r- N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ to m Ln LO M Ln Ln m M LO to m In Ln m m LO M m LO m m m m to m m LO m m m Ln m m
d' eY [h [F
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M M M M M M M M M M M 00 M M M W M M M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M N M 00 M 00 M W M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M
M 'q- O- M [t O M [t O- M 'q- 0 M q- O- Mq- 0 M It O- M ct O M A O- M q- O- M 'I- O M
01) 00rnm0) 0) 000O- ~NNNNMMMM4444LnLnLnLnL000L rZrZrZrZ 66 0666 0oMMM
O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
LO - --------try-Lf1 N -
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N - N - C\i N - C\l ^ N - r- N N N - - - - - - - N
.C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cn~wcncncncnv><ncnNCncnz~cnz~NZ~zzz0wzZNNZzNzzzzz33. zz 3z3.
z z z z
<nNCncncncncncncnNCncnzNCnzNNZNzzzNZzZcNZz3: z Nzzzzz~3zz ' ~z3
zz z z
L L L L L L L .L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N N N N O ~.o Lfl M N M N M- 0 w 00 M M- O m 0 Ln W LO M N O M M N't W Ln - O E M
L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N^ - N V' N(n Lfl W- M N M N M- 0 w w m M- O M O Lo O LO Ci) N 0 M Ln N V- W Ln Oq- Ln
.C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N N N N co Ln Ln N co 00 00 N N N N Lo w 00 O 00 00 00 O Lo 00 O N m N N Ln Ln Ln M N N N Ln m m M M N O N
00 00 O 00 1~ CO O 00 Op 00 a0 ~ d7 M a7 M fr M M ~ M 67 M O Cn M O O O O O O O O ~ ~ N ~ N
00000000000000000000000000-0
0 M O M M M 67 O M M M M M ~ C17 ~ 07 O M M Cn O M O 07 M M 61 O M O M O d7 67 M M M tT M M MOM 61 O
o o ~ o o ~ 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 ~ o 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0
N O M N M N Ln M In L0 N M O- I- N M~ O O 'q- N M It N M N N M Ln O N O M M N Ln I- M N O M M O
00 f~ 00 f~ 00 t~ I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ CO 00 CO CO 00 M ~ M ~ C17 CO O) O 00 ~ 00 00 00 CO 67 O 00 00 00 00 CO 00 CO 00 f~ f~ I~
U- U- U- LL LL L.L UL LL U- LL L.L U- U- U- LL U- U- LL U- LL U- LL LL U- LL LL LL U- LL LL U- LL LL L.L L.L U- U- U- U- U- U- U- Ll- LLU-
N It (\I NN w Ln Ln I- -q' V- Ln I- LnLn W N N w m m 00 Nq- O Ln Ln.,t M Lo LO Ln Ln M tt ~I- V -Loq- MM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
rl~ Or~: 06 N4MN.- -OOOOOOrnrnrnrnamrl~ r`r-~ 06N: LDrnmOor-~r,r,~ r-,r~Oo0000LTOOrnof
N M N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M N N
M m m m m w m w m 00 M 00 M co m co M co m O M co m co m 00 M 00 M m m m m m m m m w m w m m m m m
M1: 9,:-: M Ct O 7 T'5: O 7 T'5: O 7 M'5: O 7 T'5: O M 'ct O 7 M'5: O T'5: O 7 TI: O 7 T'5: O 7 M
0 0 ~ ~ ~ N N N N M M M M~~~~ M M Lo to ~ CO O LD ~ ti Op 00 a0 ~ M~ M~ O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N
11\ \ \ 1111 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I'll \ I'll \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O 00
Ln LO Ln Ln Ln LO Lo Ln Ln Ln m Ln Ln Ln LO LO Ln LO LO LO Ln LO Ln Ln Ln Ln LO LO Lo Ln LO Lo m LO Ln LO Ln LO \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ M L o m m Lo L n Lo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\
r- r-- - NNNNNNN
M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M CO M 00 M 00 M CO M Op M CO M CO M 00 M CO M 00 MmCOmMCOM
M~O~M~O~M~O M V O~M~ O~MctO MwM
wmmmrnrnOOOO - NNNNMMMMti- vtvmmLnLnLDC wwr-Ntin600000wrnmm
f- I- r- (`I`f`-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M - - - \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
LO M LO Ln In LO LO Ln Ln Ln LO Ln M Ln In Ln Ln N Ln Ln Ln Ln lf) Ln In l.n Ln Ln Ln LO ll') In Ln Ln LO In Ln Ln Ln
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N^ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ N N N N N N N~ N N N N N N~ N N N N N N
- -
00 M W M W M W M W M W M OO M W M W 0p M OD M W M 00 M O0 00 M 00 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W M W M W
~t O ~ M"1' O ~ M O ~ M~ O M A O ~ M d' O E M a' O ~ ~t O ~ ~i' O ~ M A O ~ M a' O M A O
d1 O O O O-"--- N N N N M M M M O O O O--- - N N N M M M Lo M m w w w CO f- I-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^^ n^^^ n
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 O 0 O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ co c0 0 co 0 0 0 0 0 co 0 co co c0 0 0 co 0 c0 0 cfl 0 0 co 0 co co co
\ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
cq-----------------
.C! C\j N N C\j N C\j N N N C\J N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Z zz viiv~i z zz zzzzzzzzNNNvwiwNNNzzwNNNNN0~33 Z
zLnzNN
zzz vii vii 3z zz zzzzzzzzN3: 3: N~NwLnNNzzZNcn<nNN 33 33Z
zv1ZV)U)
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L t L L L t L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
WMC0~LO U)LO CO NMO~ W LOLnLDONOCO - MOO -It cOM000MOq- V M0000OO-O
t L L l l l t _C S L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L _C L L L t L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a La a a a a La a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
L9 MW tLnMLO W NMLO1- W LO LnLfl0N0to -MOOIt (DM0OOL»O~q- LO00000O-O
.c c c c c c c c c c c .c c c .c c c .c c c c c c c .c c c c c c ,c c c c E.E.E E E .E E .E E E E
M M O) M M Ln Ln Ln N N N N N N M M N N M M M N N N M M M N N N M M M M M LO N N N W W W W Ln Ln
_ - 00-000 - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M M M M
M 0 0 0 0 0M M0
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
90 0 0 0 0 9 o o 9 o o1.-"o o10010 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 o o,01~0 0 0 0 0 9 9 o o 9 0 9 o o 9 9 o 9
M M M M N W LO LD LO Ln M O- Nq- q' Ln - M M M M V- W N N LO LO O O M N O N It MI- Ln Lo 0
LL LL LL 11 LL LL u. LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL tl U-
M~ M M cr M M M M M 'cr Ln m m N M N, 0 0 M M W M CO LO W I- W Ln Ln Ln CD Ln M M 00 M W M 00 co M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N - - -
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
MOMMOOOOOO-MN-OOM W Nr~WwLnww- -MMNOO Or-d--OOOOMMOO
N M N N M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N ~ ~ ~ ~
OO M OO M OD M OO M OO M OO M W M OO M OD M OD M OO M OO M OO M OO OO M OO OO M OO M OO M W M W M W M W M W
'5: O MAO M'5: 9 7 M'5 97M'5: 9 7T'5:9 -cmv: O7,5: 9 7,~: 9 7c»'5r9 cY1,5: 9 7M'5: O7
N N N N M M M M~ d' ~ m In LO M w w w w N N N N w w w m m M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M
- - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
Ln Ln m In Ln Ln Ln m Ln Ln Ln Ln LO M LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln m Ln LO In Ln LO LO Ln Ln Ln Ln 111 LO Ln Ln LO Ln m LO Ln m m Ln Ln
N -^N N C\j N N -^-N- N -N N N N --^N N --N^ - N N N -N N N N --N N N
OO M OO M OO M CO M OD M OD M OO M W M OO M OO M OO M OD M OO M OO OO M OO OO M W M W M W M W M W M W M W
a O~M'5:97M'5: O M7 O M,5: 97M,5: 9 n,5:97,5: 97'5: 97Md-9 M'5: 9 7M'5: O7
M O O O O- - - - N N N N M M M M O O O O- - N N N M M M-T I- 'T LO Ln M LO ( o W W Lo N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\ N N N N~ N N r- N N N N N N~ N N N
f-NNrl-^r-r-N r-f--Nr-N r-r-N ^0000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
W W W W W LD W W W W W W W W W W W CD W W LD W W W W W W Lo
LO Ln M Ln M LO M LO M Ln Ln M LO M M LO Ln
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N- N-- N- N N- N N N N N N
mao00mm00maomwmaDmwmeomcomoomaDmaomaomaomoomaoMaomaom Wmwmaomoom
M ~t O M O- M V' O- m V' O m q- O M q- O- M It 0- M [t O M q- O- M V' 0- M~ 0- M
r` N 00 m rn rn O O O O N N N N M M M M 4 4 Ln L i Ln U l (O Lfl O ^ 00 00 00 60 a) O 6i
~N r`r`r N - - - - -
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
CO O CO CO (D CD CO (D CO CO O O O O CO O O O O CD (O CO CO CO CO CO (O O O O O CO CO CD O O O CO CO
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N^~ N N N N N N N N " N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ C\i N N N N N N N N N N N N
.C C C C C C C_ C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
V) w Z(A N N N N N fn N
N z N N N N N N N N N N m m N N N N m N N N N N N N N N N N N N w w w w
In M N N Z
3 w z3: m (n N to cn Ln N N N N V) N N V) V) (n 3 N N cn w N 0 3 N (n to to to 0 to N N (n N m m w w w w
m z m N U' m mNmz
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L
a a a a a a n, a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0000m0 V'NOO-OOHOONNO~-~OOLn ao~LnIt0-It ON N0 NM N M N -0X
- - - NNM N N E.-N
-C L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L t L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O O O O M O~ N LO O O O H LO O N N (D It [t (O O Ln CO d' LO It O It (O N f- O N a) ~ f, a) N t O 00
r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N M N N ~ N - -
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N M N M LO Ln Ln LO a0 M Ln Ln LO a0 O a0 d' O [t a0 a0 CO a0 [t r O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6) 6)Oa)D7000O~Od7O6)d7a)~a1OD7Od7Oda)Od7O~OOa16)d7OOd7~000a)~d76)
0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO d' O M M M M N M M N M N w - m 00 Ln a) a) M a) O m N r, N Lo [t Lo LO LO Ln w w m N M N m
a) a) a) a) 00 00 00 r` N r- O r- r` r- N r- N rl 0 O N N N 00 (D t. N N r- N r- r• N N N N N N N N N N N w
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL w LL LL LL LL LL LL w LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL. LL LL
00(Y) 0r- , N.Oa) 0) (3) 0a)a)000NCMMM~MIt MIt M MMNNMMN
N N N N N N N- N N- N- N N N N- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
406 Ln(Or,ti06a)rn(or`r`Ln~rl~ m6Or-~ LnLr;4a;000ma)a)OO~O 000OO6 O.-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M N N N N N N M N N N M M M M M M N M M M M M M M
M 00 00 M M 00 M CO M 00 M CO M W M 00 M O M N M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W m 00 M 00 M CO M W m O M CO M 00 M
M d: Q O M ct O M 7t O M A O M '5t O M A O M A O M d' O m ct O m5: 0 7 M V' O M
M M O-------
" M M M M ct to Lr'L to In O O O O n^ Op a0 O O O O O O
N N O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C O N N N N N N N
O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O
LLo L\n O O 0 O O O O 0 O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O 0 0 O O O 0 O O O\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\
r-- - - NNNNNNN
M OO 00 M M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M OO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M C0 M OD M O M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M
M O M d' O M [t O M O M O 7 M [Y O M'5: O ~ M '5' O 7 M~: O 7 M~ O ~ m V- 0 .--M
r`NWMMMOOOO r--NNNNMMMM~~~ M Ln LO Ln(O W W( a N N N r:~ 60 N Oo 00 rn Om
r` r` r` r, N r` - - - - r-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
co cfl co co co ca co cfl cfl ca co co co co cfl co co co co cfl co co co cfl co cfl co ca co co cfl cfl ca co co co ca co cfl
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- N N N N- N N N N. N N N N" N N" N C\J N N NN N N N. NN
m m OQ M W M W M W M W M W M W M W m W M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M W M W ('n W M W M W M W M W M W
[tO~m~O~Mdto MAO-M~tO MAO.-MAO-M~tO_M~O-M"to m l.0 M~
of 0 0 0 0-- N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M M M M CO CO CO CO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ ^ N N Imo. n\ ^ ^ n
N\ N\ Nt-N NN N N N N r-N0000000000000000000000000000
O 000 00 O O O O 000 O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ f~ ~ t` f~ t` t` f~ ~ ~ t` ~ t~ f~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ f~ ~ f~ ~ f~ f~ t` ~ ti
W W W CO CO W CO CtJ t.0 W W W LO CO Cfl CD CO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N ~ c ~ ~N N
C C C_ C_ C C C C C C_ C C C C_ C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C_
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
w Z w N w N N3: M M M N N Mtn cn ~w M N V) ~ M U) M M M M M M V) M M M G M M Ln M M E 3: M M U)
M M N M
wzwLV)wLiiN~MMMMMNMMNNMiiM MMMMMMMMMMMM~MMMNMV)MMN
N M N 0 M
L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO d'NNI-- W N r` '-NMMNNN.- MWMMN ~MNN V N OmWNm COQN N W W
W W
N N - - N - N
L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO A N N - W N r` - N M M N N N r- M W M M N- M N N It N- O M W N M W- N N W W W W
N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N - - - - -
c ,C C C E C C E E c E C C C C C C C C C C _C _C _C _C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E
t` ~ O f~ ~ O ~t 0 0 f~ m M M m 0~ M M M LD M M M W M O M m M M M M M M M W M M M W O O O
O O O 67 M 67 O 07 M M M W 00 W W W W f~ t` ~ f~ CO W W W W CO W W W W W CD CO CO CO W W W W W W f~
O O O 67 M LT 07 M M M M M W 67 M M 07 07 M M 07 6) M O M M W M M 67 MMM W M M M O M M M O 07 01 M
0 m O W W W W W o0 W W o0 W W W W W W o0 W W W o0 W W OO W W W 00 W W 00 W W W 00 W W o0 00 W W W 00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O N It M W W M M N N N N M W M M Lfl - M N M N W 0 - O- M M W N [t W M M LO W W W
f~ f~ f~ ~ t` W W W CO CO ~ f~ ~ t` f~ f~ W W W W W W W W f~ f~ CO t` n f~ f~ t` f~ ~ f~ 00 W W W CO W W W W W
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N N N M M M M M M m M M M~ dt It M M M M N M M N N M M M [t M m N M M~ M ct M~ M M M~ M ~t
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
OO - NNNNN-: -NNO t. t` r,~ r` C6 r~ t` t. 00~ N N N-: -OmmmW rnrnm o6 0000
M M M m m M m m M M M M M m m M N N N N N N N N N M M m m M m m m M m N N N N N N N N N N
W M OO M OD m 00 M 00 M 00 M W M OD M 00 M OD m 00 M W m 00 M W M 00 M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W
,4t O- M,4- O M ct O M [t O M O M O M O M O M O In'5: O 7 T'5: O E Td:
N N N N M M M M~ ~ I- Ln Ln Lo Ln W w w Cp N N N N w w w w m of M M O 00 O - N N N N
r- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
CO W lD CO W W W O W W CD LO W W CO W Cfl CO W W W W CO W CO CD W W W O W O W O CO CO W W W O O W W W O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
W M W M W M O M W M O M W M w M W m W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W m W M W M W M W
Ito M~O~M1- O - MIT O- M Ito - Ma0 -M q-0 - Ma0 - M~O - M'q-0 - M'q0 Mq-
O~ 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M LM 0 0 0 0 I N N N N LM M M M v 4 4 4 M M M M Ld C6 u6 C6
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N Nr- N N r- N N N r- N N I- r~ N N Nr~ N N N n r-
N N NN NN N N N r` Nr-N tit. N 1-0000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O 00 O O O O O O O 01-1-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
co co co cc co co c_o co co c_o co co cfl cD c_o co
\\\\\\N\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
O M- m w ~ M w m oo m- M ao m OO M w m qD m ao m- M aD M w aD m aD M m aD m aD m oD M ao m aD M W m oo m
O.- M OMd'O - md'O~M 1'0 M1- O
r: r~:~r`CDO0(b 66 6)6)6)00000 INNNNmMC;i41- tLo LnLnLo OOLo Or` I`nr- 00 00 00
\\\\\\\\\\\\ooooo0000000000000000000000000000
N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
N N N N N N N . N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C C C C C _C C C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
fl % N t n N N N M M N N N N N N M N V) N N N N m (n U) N N N Z Z Z Z N W N N Z M t n ~ N N~
NNNNNNNNtnNNNNmNmNNMLnMNNNNNNNZNZZZNW Ln~3(1) z V) w :w0(n33:3:i)N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L S L L L L L
a n. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
6)N 00 N6)0000N~NNO^ C\j ~'t -000000OO(flO6)00LnM .-CD - OMMOM O MNMN
L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L .L S L .C L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a Q. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Lz a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
6) 00 O r- O) CO 00 (\j N N N O ^ ~ O O 00 00 O O CO W M M LO M W~ O M M W Ln O M N M N ~Y
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O O M O O O M M N M M m M I- I` O O O O O M M N N M I- o o h V' N N O O O N N O O d' N N N N I`
t` ~ ~ f~ i~ ~ n ~ t` ti ~ ~ OD CO O O W O W a0 O 00 00 6) d7 a7 6) M 6) O O O O O
O) 6) 6) 6) 6) O) 6) 6) 6) 6) O) 6) 6) 6) 6) O) 6) d7 6) 6) MOM 6) O) M 6) M M M 6) 6) O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O 00 00 O 00 00 00 00 00 00 O 00 00 O 00 00 00 O 00 00 O 00 00 O 00 O 00 Op 00 00 00 O 6) M 6) 6) 6) 6) 6) M 6) M a7 6) 6)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A N N N O N N M M N 6) M W W M W W M M W N N- M LO *qt m I- M O N CD OD CO CD O 6) CO 00 00
co 0D co 00 00 00 00 rn a) rn a) a) 6) a) co a) m 0) m 0) 6) 6) 6) 6) m a) 6) 6) (n m M 6) 6) (n 6) 6) 6) a) rn OD CO r` r- Cfl CO
LL W LL LL LL W W W LL LL LL W W W LL W W W W LL W LL W W LL LL LL W W W W W LL W W W LL W W LL LL W W W LL
Ln --t m M N M I- CO Ln LO LO LO [t LO Ln Cfl Ln Cp r- I` Cfl CD I, r- rl CD CD O LO W LD O CD N W LO CD I- I- CD LO ~ ~ N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL W LL W LL LL W LL Li- LL LL LL LL W LL LL W LL LL LL LL W LL W W LL W LL LL W LL W LL W U. LL LL LL W W LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m m w w N N r` OD ~ r-~ r; r. Cfl I-~ 00 w I, r-~ I,: r,: r; ~ ~ r,~ OO 00 w oD r,: r` r` ~ ~ ~ r-: r` r` r, 00 O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M m m m m M
M OO M CD M OO M OO M OO M o M OD M m M w M w M OD M m m OD m M OD M M 00 m w M OD M w m w M OD M w M
O - m~O - MAO - m - O M 9 7M'5: O MAO ~tO MO M7t o m'5: O MAO M
M M M M O O O O ~ ~ N N N N M M M M~ [I' ~ Ln Ln Ln CD CD CD f~ f~ I~ ~ 00 00 Cp op O 6) d1 6) O O O
N N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N
O 000\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O
CD O O CD r-Nr-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
N N N N - - - - - - - - - - -
M CO M CO M 00 M 00 M O M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M o0 M CD 00 M 00 M M 00 m 00 M a0 M O M O M a0 M O M
O E M d' O ~ M ct O M A O M~ O ~ m ~t O M~ O O ~ M O ~ M~ O M A O ~ M [Y O E M
r~,: I~: I`r`CON0Dwrn6)rn6i6ooo -NNNNmMM4- q-mLnLnL000CDwwN r`NNmMM
\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD 0 0 CD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- N N N N N N N N~ N N N N" N N N N N N N N^^ N N N"~ N N N N
W M W M W M W W M W W M W M W M mm, W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W
Itm M~O,~h0 ~O - Md'O M O7M7~ O M'V: 9 7M'5: 9 ~M'5: 9 7M'5: 9 7M'5: 9
W M O O O N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0- r- - N N N N M M M M~~~ LO M LO M Lfl W W~o N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ n ^ n
N N N N N N N N N N N n N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 W o0 W o0 W o0 W o0 W CO W o0 op op op pp W a0 00 W o0 W W W W W W W W
n
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O C O O O C O C O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cn N Cn N to (n N N N N N (n N N N (n N N N N W N fn N N N N N (n N N fn N N N N to N N N N N
N
N N N N N M (n N N N N N Cn N N N N N N N N N N (o N N N N N M N N N N N N N M (n N N N N
N
.C -C L t t .C L L t t t~ t t L L t~ L t L t S L L L s .C ~ .C ~ L t s t .C t .C L .C L .C t t~
a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a o_ a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O W M O W W W N N W Lo M N oo co co O N_ N_ CO _ N N N Lo N to [t O ~t M N_ O M W M 't W
- - - - - - - - - - - rj N N N N N W
L s t L L L-C .C t t L L t L L =.r- C S S t t L S L t t L L L t L t t t t L =.r- L L B
a a a o o Q a a a a a Cl a a a a a a a a a a CL a Cl a a a Cl a a a a a a a a a CL a C. a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O W M O W W W N N W Lo M N CO r W W O N N- W,,4- - N N N Lo N Lo q- C q- M N- O M W MI- d' Lfl
- - - - - - N - N - N N - - - N
.C ,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N Rt r- d ~t OOOOOCD ~Y ~ OOt`N t` r- r- ON ct O d OOOOOOOOOOI~ NN
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M W W W W W M W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o
O f~ N O M N Lo I~ O Ln O W O M M~ W W O M~~ W W W V' W ~ O O M W I~ ~ CO Ln Lo Lo et M M Ln M
f~ W W W W W W M W W 1~ OO OO M M M M M M OO OO OO Op 0p W M M M M M 00 00 Op 0p W W W W W W W W W
LL U- LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
N Lo LO W N W N N W W L- N LO Lfl N r- r- co co co L- N N N N N N W N W f- N L` L` W L- I- L` N N N rl r- L` W
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
NLV NLV N QOM W MMOMOOOOOOM W 6666 c5 -0.-
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N M N M M M M M M N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
W M co M W M co co M W W M co M co M co M co M co M W M W M co M co M W M W M W M W M co M W M W M W
vM-MvO-v0 It O - M V-0 M q-0 MIt 0-MAO-MAO-M Ito - M qt0-Mct0
O-- N N N M M M 4 g 4 Lo &; Lri &; C6 CO C6 Uj ~ 66 00 66 66 6i 6i 6j 6i 0 0 0 O N N N N M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
71
0 N C\j N N N C\j N N N N NN NNN N N N N N NN N N N N
N N N
CO M OO M OO M OO Cp M 00 00 M 00 M 00 M 0p M 0p M Op M W M W M OD M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W M W
~t M G M ct O- It O M gt O- M q- O ~ Mq- O- M q- O- M tt 0- M ct 0 M 1- O M,5: O ~
W6i O6 6 NNNMMMC»0000~ NNNNMc»LML»4g44&; riinviCpCOCOwtir,
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N n N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 040c) 0 n 40 c) 0 0 a~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N- N- N--- N N N--- N
maomaumaoMOmoomaomaomaomaom WmaomaomaomwmaoMeomcomaomaomwmoomaom
MAO-MAO-M~t0-Mcr0 mv0-M q.0^Ma.O M,5: 9 7M'5: O Md-O7M'5: O M
r: r~: w00w006i 6i rn8i 6000-- --N(;j NNMMMM4't 't 4inLnLo Lr) O(O(O(ON r, ti r- 000006
N N N F-- N r- N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
O O O O O O O O O O N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N Nr~ N N N N N N N N N N N Nr~ N N N N N
00000000000000000000000000000000000
M M M M WOO M MM O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
a0 - - - - - - - O O O - O - - - - - O O - - - - O O - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
-
.C N N N NC\j N N N N
C_ C C C C E C C C C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C E C C C C C C C E C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N m N N N N M N N N N N N N M N N N N N N N N V) N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N (n
N M N N (n N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N (n Ln N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N M N
L L c L L .C L .C L L t L L L L L L .C L L L L .C L L t L L L L t L L L L t L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N-N(D0 - r- N ItW ONNq- - r`r- NMNI- NM cp - OtNMNM(flN m 0Mq- 0W M'I- (O -
N- N - N r- N N- N N N N N N N- N- N N N M- N N N- N N N N
L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C t L L L L t L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N-ti(OO-r-r`~(OONr- -t N (,-NMNIt NMV O~r,Mr`MWN-MOM I-Owm q-W
N N- N N N- N N N N N N N- N- N N N M N N N- N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
f~ ~ m M 0 0 0 0 M ~ O m M M m M O M 0 0 (O (O (O (O M cn m (O O O m 0 (0 0 0 m M (O (O (O (O cO cp
00 00 00 O 00 00 00 00 CD f` ~ 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O O O CO CO CO O O O (O O O L/1 CO O O CO (D CO (O (O O O
D7 M M M O) d1 ~ d1 O) O) M ~ O) d7 M d1 67 O) M ~ d1 O) 01 d1 ~ O) M d7 M ~ 01 O) ~ d1 M M d1 ~ O) d7 ~ d1 61 d1 O)
a0 ~ W ~ ~ a0 ~ aD ~ ~ a0 ~ O ~ O W ~ W a0 00 00 ~ O 00 O ~ 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ 00 ~ 00 ~ ~ 00 ~ ~ ~ O 00 ~ ~ ~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 0 o 0
O co a) N (O (O M O O (O -g- w Lo ~~~q- Ln r` O N M M Lo u) m m N O O O A N N Ln w m o aO O M O ~
O~ 00 00 O a0 00 00 00 00 QO 00 00 00 W 00 CO 00 00 CO ~ CO 00 00 00 00 CO 00 aV 00 00 W 00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 O) 00 00 00 M ~ 6~
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L U-
r- co 00 00 f- N I- 00 00 co N co co co m 00 00 M N m m m m m w m m m m M M M M M M O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m m m m M m m M m
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O _ _ N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M 4 4 V 4 4 Lv7 M M M M m m M M M M M C6
M M M M M M m M M M M M M M M m M M m M M M m M M m m m m M M M m M M M m M m M M m M M m
M 00 M 0p m 0p M O M O M 00 M O M O M ao M 00 M 00 m aD M ao M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 m a0 M W M a0 M
M A O M~ O ~ M V' O E M cr O M~ O ~ M 'ct O c- M~ O ~ M~ O - M O ~ M~ O M~ O ~ M
M M O O O O - N N N N M M M M I- It d' It M U) Ln LO O O O O N N n N 00 m 00 00 M m m m O O O
N N N N N N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Nr~ N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N r- r
N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N \
O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ co co 00
N N N N N N N - ^ - ^ N N N N- C\j N- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
M 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 m a0 M W M N M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M CO M
M cr O T'5: O m [t O M ~t O T'5: O M O 7 M'5: O M ct O 7 M'5: O 7 M'5: O 7 T'5: O E M
Nr` ao w M W M M M O O O O O - - N N N N M M M M-t It 4-1- LO M Ln Lrn (O O O O N N N N W M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\m \m co co \m w co 0\O 0\0 0\0 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0O - 00 00 00 00 00
N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
C\J N N N N N N N N N N NN N N NN N N N N N N NN NC\J N N N N
- -
W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W m W M W M W M W M OO M l70 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W M W m W
m't 0 m~ O ~ mq, 0 M A O M~ O E M d' O ~ m a' O ~ m~ O ~ M rY O M ~Y O M vW MMMM0000 -NNNNMmmm0000- - NNNNMMMM ~ ~ 4't LnLnLoLo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0
O O 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0^ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
W W W W W W W W W W W W W o0 00 W W W W W W
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N~ N N N N -N N N N - ^ - - r
C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C_ C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln N (n N N N N N N N~ N N N N N N N Ln N N N N 3:3: N N m N N N N Z Z N N 3:3:3.3: ig: 3:
N N N
N N N Ln N Ln Ln N (f) cn N N N N N N O N 0 N Ln 0 N 0 0 to 3:3: 0 N 0 N 0 N (f) Z Z N~~ N~ N N
L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q O. Q Q Q O_ Q L1. Q_ Q Q_ Q {y Q Q p_ Q {1 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q„ Q Q Q Q_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M N W W N I- O r- M 19 M N r- N Lo W M N cr N W M CO W M O W M N Lo d' M W W M M~ W W M O M
-NN - - N-- N N r N
L L -C L t L L L L t L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L t t L L .C L L L t L L L L L L L L L L
Q Q a Q Q a a a Q a Q a a Q Q a Q a a Q a a Q Q Q Q Q Q a a Q a Q Q Q a a Q Q a Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M - NLfl W Nr- OL`M WmN~NLo co MN -N W Mco(oLoQ W mc\ju) -tmwO o m m I- w(DmOM
N N - N N N- N
C C C c ,C c c c C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
OOOOmW W W W W W W W WO LOOOOMr`OOMmmr- 00 ~t`r, 00 ~-,1- V- q- NOq- V N N N
n~ W W W W W W W W W~ W~~~~~ OO W W W W W M M M M M O O O O O O O
oMp OMO W OMO OMO aMp OMO OMO OMD OMO oMD OMO aMp OMD W ~ OMO ~ OMO aMp OMO OMO ~ OMO OMO OMO ~ OMO oM0 OMD W oM0 ~ 60i ~ ~ ~ ~ pOj pOj pOj pOj pOj ~ ~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o\~ ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ o ~ o ~ 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 ~ o 0 0 0 o o ~ o ~ o ~ o
M W W W w W W m w m N^ W W M W LO C\j W W N M N W W W W W M W W W M N W W M M M W W W W W W W W
L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O M M M M M M M O O M M M M M O O O O M M W W W M W M M M M W~~ W W"~ W
M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N M M N N N N N M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL LL LL LL LL- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0
44 ui W WLr; Ln Lo co cfl rl: W W to u74 Ln Ln Ln LO LO 44 M M 4 Ln 4 M N _ NNE ~NNNMMN1N
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m M M m m M M M M
W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W
~ O ~ M q, O M [t O E M It O - MIt O - MIt O - M 1- O E M d' O - M~ O
O~ .-NNNNmC/)mCiq-4:44&; LOLnLnW W W Wr~:^r: r~ W W W 66 6i MMM0000- .
- N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
W W W W 00 00 00 W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N \ \ \ \ N N N -N -C\l N N N N -^-N -N N N N N N N N N N N N N N-- N N N N N -N .N- N -N -N
OO M Op M W M 00 M 00 M W m 00 M 0p M W M W M 00 M OD M Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W
O m ~ O Mq- O M It O- M q- O- M~ O- M O M t O M A O M q- O M~ O M
W M M M M O 6 0 0 I N N N N M M m M O O O O N N N N m M m M 4 4 q Ln Lri Lri Lo
N N N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N n^ n^ n n
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p\j M ~ ~ M M M M M M M M M M M M M
W W W W W o0 aD o0 W of W e0 a0 e0 W W W W W W W
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N ^ N ^ N N N N N N ^ C\j N N N N ~ N - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
m w m w M w m w m w m w M w M w m w m w m w M w M w M w M w M w M w M w M w M w M w m w m
O MAO - MAO M[t0-f»~O MAO-MAO-M[t0-M q-0-MAO Ma'O MAO
C6 C6 (9(6 ~66 66 66 66 6i 6i 6i 6i 6 O6 O~ NNNNMMMMg4g4Li&iLnLnwwwwf~
O o O o O O O O o O O O O o O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\0 0 00 00 00 0 00 0 Oo000000 0 0 0 000 0 00
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m mm m---
N ^ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N -N^-N -N^ N N N N -N N N --N .N- N^ C\i N -C\j N -N N
C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
f n3:3 0 0 0 (n (n (n (n 0 N N O N N t o N 0 (n N 0 M 0 (n 0 0 0 0 0 N N 0 N 0 N N~~~ N N N~
V) N N
0 3:37 <n N 0 (n 0 (n (n (n N M (n 0 (n 0 0 (n 0 0 0 0 N 0 N N (n 0 (n N 0 N~ 0 0 N N vi i vii fan fn ai (n ~
(n fn (n
L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q. Q Q Q p_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q p_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Cl fl- Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M N w ~ (D (0 O O M 0 f9 r` N L014- ~ O 0 N W Ln w M Ln O w N ~ O - - N M w Ln O M- Ln N - N M O M
- - - - - - N - - N N N M N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q f1 Q Q_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q_ Q Q Q Q Q p_ Q Q Q Q Q f:1 Q Q L1 Q Q_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M N (D 'qt w w O O M w (D r- 0 LO I 'ct O to N (D LO (D M m O W N O N M w to O M- M N N M O M
~ N ~ ~ r N N ~ N M N
C C .C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0-0030300000 O
000000000000000000000000000000000 0 000000000
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N M N M O N ti LO Ln w n O M N N r- d'(D(D N w a) M O O w w w w Ln Mq- V MLn NLO 7NM w
w w r- r` w w w w M M M w w w w 00 N r` rl r` r- r` r` r- w w N N N N N N N N N w w N N N N w w w N
LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL- LL LL- LL LL LL LL LL. LL LL- U- L~ LL LL LL L~ LL LL LL LL LL LL L~ LL L~ LL LL. LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL U-
w f` w w r` n w w M M M w I- n to LO Ln ~ M v I' M~ It ~ l q- l q- I- M M M M N v It M~ MI- fn (D In Ln
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M m m M 0 0 0 M M M m Om M m O M 0 0 0 0 N N O 0 0 0 0 M O 0 0 N NMO MMO O O O M
M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OD M OO M Op M O0 M 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M 00 M OJ M w M OD M OD f w M w M w M
O- M A O- M 'q- O- M A O M 'q- O M ct O- M q- O M 1- O- M It O - M ct O M 'It 0 M'4- O
N N N N M Ci M M 0 0 0 0- N N N N M M M M v v~: fn Ln Ln Ln Cp (O (O (O ~ ^ w w w w M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r` N N N N N
f- N n N~ r` r-r. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O co O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
00 0D w w w w w w
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M Op M 00 M Op M 00 M f70 M 00 M 00 M 00 M w M 00 M 00 M w M w M w M w M
O M q, O m ~t O M d O M O m O m a O M 7t O 7 M'5: O M'V: O 7 M d' O 7 m'5: O
CO tD (D (D f~ f~ f~ I~ w w w w M M M M o o O O - N N N N M M M M* ~t q- Lo to m m w w w w N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r` N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 00 000 co 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
N N \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- N N C\j N N N N N N fV N N N N N N N N N N N N fV N N N N N N N
0omcomoomwmwmaomaomwmaomeomoomaomoomooMCDMOMaoMOUMCDmoom WMOUmoO
~m(»'t O (+M~0-mg0~M V-0 MAO cn 5:9 Md'Or-cM5: O7MttO7M'5tO
^f~ r~: 06 06 w 00 mm m m O 000N N N N M M m M 0000 N N N N M M M M d-'cY
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N t- N N N N N N N N N N N n
ti N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m m _M m
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N fV N N N fV N fV N N fV N N N N N^ N N N N N r-
C c _ C C c C E C E C C C C E_ C C C C C C C E_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E_ C C C
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M N N N Ln (o (n (n N N N N V) N N N to N (n w to to N m to M to 0 N N to N N N U) N N N N N M N
Lf) U) Cn V N V) N N to N N N N m N M N N N N N N N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N N N N
N N M N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
o a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
f~ MmI- NmLn COO~~N~NOd- 4--NCO-u)N 4-0N LnCOMW00OON00NOO
N N - N - - N N - - N - - - N - N - - - - - - - - - - -
L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L .C L L L L t L .C L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
N - Mm~NmLn W (n N[f NcrNOIt - [Y - d' - NCO - LnN It ONtoWMWOOMONOONMO
N N N r - N N - - N - - - N - N - - - - -
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O~ It O1- 1- 1- 14' It ~ O O O It O O O N~ -t v O O O N N It ~4' ~ It N N114- O O O O O O N N N M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m m m m m m m m~ m~ O m m m op ao 0p 0p 0p O0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m m O O m~ m m m m~ m m m m O O m m m m
mmmmmmmm~m~mmmmOm~m~mmmm00ouLbaoaoO0000OaoOOOO WaoOOJ00OODa0
o~ o~ o~ o 0 0 0~ o~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N CamomN mLnu)WLn mm LnMMLnwm MOOONN LON m00000000000000
~ ~~O^~~nO~O~~~~~O~cOOJO0o06~6~6~0)0~0~000)000000000000000
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U -
LO Ln Co w Co O N w N 00 r- 00 00 N 00 00 O 00 00 m 00 m m m m m O) m O O O O O O O O O O O O O O m m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N ~ N ~ N M M N N M M N N M N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O m m m
('n M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N
00 MOO M CO M CO MOO MOO MOO MOD MCC) MOD M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M W
M A O- M 'I- O M It O- M q- O- M q- O M It O - M 'I- O- M A O M '1' O- M It O M d' O
0) mm0000- . .-NNNNMMMc;14444&;LnLnLnCDCpCOC6r~r~r~r.aow0oO0mmmm00
f` f` ^ - N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m-- m a) m a) _m m m m m m m _m m m m m m m m m a) m a) m m a) m m m m m m m m m m m m m
N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11 11 " 11 "1 " -1
0 N N N NC\j N N N N N N" N N N N N N N N C\j N N N NN N N NN
r- N N N N N N------------------------------------------
00 M 00 M 0p M m M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M tb M m M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M W M 00 M tb M m M 00 M 00 m m M W M 00
O.-M d'O~M~O~mttO~m~O~m~O~M~O.-M
n 00 ao 00 00 m m m m 0 0 0 0 - - N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M~ [t
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^^ t\
0 0 0 0 0 0 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0000000 0 0 0 000000 0 00 0 000 0 00000 0 00000000000000000000
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m a) m m m m m m m N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N
N N N fV ~ N N N N N^ C\j N N N N N^ C\j N N N~ N N ~ ~N ~ ~ ~N ~N ,2 ~ ~N N N N N
M W M W M W M W m W m W m W M W M W M W M W m W m W m W m W m W m W m W m W m W m W m tp m
M [Y O M tt O- M q- O- M q- O- Mt O M O M~ O- M q- O- M't O- Mq- 0 M q- O- M
~4 DLO PL/1 C6 COO W r~: r~: r~: r~: W W W 66 &i OOO9 N N N N M M M M 444 q LO LO Lri
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\
- - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
cn N Ln cn cn Ln Ln N Ln m cn cn Ln Ln N Ln Ln Ln Ln m m N m .3:3 3 z 3-3-.3:3r,
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Lo Lo z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
Ln Ln N cn cn N N Ln N Ln m Ln N N Ln Ln cn Ln cn N cn N Ln 3 3:3:3:3:3:3: z 3:3: 3 3 3
Ln Ln zzz z zzzzzzzzzzz
L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ Q a a a a a a a a a a a a a n Q a n n Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
NN-MNLnNLOLnN~OLn-COMLOtLnf~Mf~M~ONOMCOMW W f ~ W WN(D W-OMIT (DON
L _C L L L L L .C L _C L _C L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a o_ a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
NN - MNLON LO U) NNOLn .-(D M LO ~ LO N M N M~ O N O M CO M W W N W W N W W QOM N .O O N
C C C C c C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N I- f` M M M O O W W M M W O O O L9 W M M W Lfl W O O O M O O M N V' N O N N N- N O A N N
O W O O W~~~ W W W W W W CO f~ W W W W W W W M M M O M M M O O
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M M M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OD OO OO OO QO OO OO OO W OO W OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO OO t70 00 00 00 t70 00 00 00 00 M 00 00 W M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0000000000MOO000000000000000 W commlq-Ln MN N Lo-NMN W
O O O O O O O O O O M O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M W
Li LL Ll- LL LL- LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL L1 LL Ll LL Ll LL LL U- Ll L.L U- L.L Ll LL U- LL Ll LL Ll- L.L U- LL Ll- LL U- U- U- U- LL Ll- LL Ll- LL
MMMMMMMMMM M M M M M co co co co co W W W 00 a) W W r- N(D~LnLoLnI- ctI- d- ML'riMMNN -
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL Ll Li- LL U- Ll. LL L.L. LL Ll LL L.L. LL L.L LL LL LL LL- LL U- LL U- LL LL Ll LL Li LL Ll LL Li LL LL L1 Li U- LL LL L.L U- L.L U- LL U- U-
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M MM M M M M MMMMMMMW W W W W W W W W M W W I,: r`r`C6r`COLALOLOLr;LOLOLOLOLO444
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M OO M CO M W M CO m W M co M co M 00 M CO M W M W M W M W M W M W M w m W M W m w M W M W m w m
M 7t O M O 7 M 7t O 7 M O E M O E M '5: O E M O E M O 7 M O 7 M V O M'5: O 7 m
O O - - N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0- - N N N N M m m mq- m Lo m Lo Co w w w r; N r-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^^ n^ n n n^ n
NNN N NN N Nr`NNN N NOOOO000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M M M M M M M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M
Md'O7L»:O7M'5: 9 7M5: 9 7M5: 9 7L»:9 7T7t97cm~: O Lmv97M'5: (P 7t 9 7T
~t to Lo m Ln w w (D w Nr~ N N w m W W m m M M 0 0 0 0 - N N N N M M M M~ q- Ln m Ln
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r- N r- r- r- L- l- ICI- N N N N N N r`N N N N r`nN
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ N N N N N\~~ N N \ N~\\ O O O 00 O 00 O 00 O O O O 00 O 00 O O O
N N N 11 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
wmwmwmwMOD M WM00maom00M W MmMm UmmMaomwMwMCVM00moomooMaomwM00
O M tt O M ~t O M A O M O M A O M d' O M d' O 7 M'5: O 7 M c: O 7 M [t O M 5:
Ln CD CO CO CO l~ f~ f~ f~ 00 00 00 00 O) M 6~ 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M 0 0 0 0 - N N N N
r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0000000000000000000000000000000001,\,,\\,,-,-,-,,-,-,-, " 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1~ -1 -1 " " " O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N
N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N
NC\j N N N N N N N N~ N fV N^ N oj N N N N N N N N cm N~ N~ fV - - - r
C C C E C_ C C C C E C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3z z 333: 3: 3333: 333333: 33333~: 33: 33: 33: 3. 333:: 333: i: Z33: 3333: 3:
Z Ln Z N Z v) Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z LN
Z Z Z~~ 3~ 31 31. Z 3 3~ 3 N~~ 3 3: 3 3~ 3~ 3 3~ 3~ 3~ 3 3 Z~ 3 3 3~ 3
Z N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z M
L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
M O w CO I- N Ln M O B Lo - CO O Lo O O- O N w- O N N~ N O .r- M O M LO M M W LO W W M~
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L .C L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
OOW00t- LO -C\J Ln MO~Ln^CflOCoOO^O^C\j Lo^ONN~ O^OOMLnMLnOLnWOM~
.C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E C E E E E E E E E E E E
~ N - ~t 00 It co - lq' I- co - - LO LO LO LO in M 00 M 00 - LO M M N LO M M M M M 00 N Ln Lo M M
N N N M M M v 14' it M m In LO In w w w w w w C0 w w w Cfl w N N N N N N 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 M m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M O f3) tT M 07 ~ M M d7 tT ~ M fr 67 M d1 ~ M M M ~ M 67 O) O tT 07 ~ M O M B M Q7 67 O M M fA O 07 67 M M
0 0 0 0' 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00 00 00 lb 00 O 00 67 00 O O ~ W M W 0 CO 0 0 00 M M 67 m M 00 00 O O 00
LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
OOOOOd1MOMOa100d1OOMa70007OOMa70000f~ 00I~001bf~0pODOpM00(`CDCOCDOLnMLn
N N N N N - - - - - - N N N N N N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
V [t M I- Ln LO Ln LO Ln Ln CD w CD Co CD CD CD CD w w w CD CD Cfl CO CD w CD LO Ln d- V- M LV - O N 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N--
00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M co M co M 00 M 00 M 00 M co M co M 00 M 00 M 00 M co M co M 00 M co M 00 M co M 00 M 00 M co
V:O M'5: O7M'5YO MAO M*5: 97M'5: O7M"?: O7c»5: O7c»5: O7M'5: O7Ln'5: O7m'5:
NOOmmmmmmmOOOO -NNNNMMMMd'It ~1- LO LO LO M W (flCpCflN N N r`O0MWM
NN N N N N N N N r--
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O co 000 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
- - - N - N - N - - - N - - - - - - N - N - N - C\j N - N - N - N - N - C\j N -
0p M 00 M 00 M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
O M to- MIT O- M A O M q O- M ct O- M ct O- M A O- M,* 0-M It O- M A O M,5:
Ln CD CO CO CO f~ f~: P~: r~: 00 Oo Oo au m rn rn m 6606 " NNNNMMMM0000 NNNN
- - r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \ \ \
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N cq^^~^ N N~ N N N~ N~ N
M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M
O- MI- O- Md O Mq- O- M'q O- M~O - M~tO - Mq- O- Mq. O MctO~M~O~M~O
M M m m -t i- q 4 Ln LJ7 LP) Ln ~6 LD L6 C6 r` r` r• r` W W W W m m m m 0 0 0 0- N N N N M M M M [Y
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOONN N NN fl-NNN N N NN N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\ \1",
r- r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
333:3: z33:33333:3:33: 3z0(A00wNfn(nc 00(n00(/)~:0w003:.00ww 00
z z z z z z z z z z z z Ln N Z V)
3:3:33z333: 33 zLnLnLn w cnLnLncncnNcnLncn3: ww003: 0 0ww;~: LnLn
z zzzzzzzzzzz N Ln zV)
ttt~srss~~rttts~~tt~sss~ss~sr~ssstt~tstr~sttt
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
MLnW N W a) W W(D ~ WO W a)Nm - MLn"t O OOONON Ln000-00M-OOOOONM~
CL C L a .C a L a t a a t a .C C L L .L .C t L L t .C t S L t .C t L t .C L t L t .C L .C t r L L L S L L t t
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
MLO CO atom CO W (D WO W mr`M.- MLO ~ OOOONON Ln000 00M-0 0 0 0 0 NM~
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N Lo Ln m a) a) N Lo Lo Ln Lo m N (,j CO m m a) N a) N La Lfl Ca (fl a) M M w w Lo a) a) m m m m m m m M w m m m
0 00 0 0 0 N N N N N N M N M M M M M M qt 4 [t ~ er d' t- LO Ln LO LO LO LO M W
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m~ m m m m m m M m m m m m m m m m m~ m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~
n h o o 0 0~~ o o~ o 0 0~ o~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LnLn It LnW co NwP- W ~tMoM~moLoOM00 ct~Lnr,WNMMOcoNNMMnm0r`NNin co 0ma)0a)
W W co co co co oo W W W co ca W W W W co W a) m a) m a) a) m a) a) O a) m a) m a) a) a) O a) a) a) m a) m a) O m
w w w LL w w w LL U- LL LL U- LL w w LL w w w w LL w LL LL LL LL U- LL LL U- LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L LL U- LL LL
W W Ca CO r• LO r` r` r` r` W W O Ln m N Ca W ~t M N W m O N r- M O m M Ln Lfl
-
U- w LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL LL- LL w LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL L.L. LL U- LL LL U- LL w
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
W OOOOOm6000000mm WN V r`mLn4 MN4 4L6 4-6 -N6 -L»-6 6 ~ML»Lnco
N N N N N- N N N N N N N
M OO M OO M OO M OO M Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M 00 M W M W M 40 M 00 M W M W M W M 00 M u0 M W M W M W M
O ~ M~ O ~ M ct O E M d' O ~ M~ O ~ M A O M A O M ct O ~ M~ O - m ~t O E M a' O ~ M A O
mmmm0000 ---NNNC\JMMMM0000----NNNNMMMM t LnM Ln M(D
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N r. N r-r N r-r N r. Nr` N Nr`N r,r-r. N0000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N ~ N N N N "LV N ^ N ~ N N N ^ ~
O - - - - - - - - - - ^ - - r
M M W M 00 M W m M 00 M M W M M W M M W M W M W M Lb M W M W M W M M 00 M W M 40 M
M It O m 1' O - M~ O - M q- O - M 14- t O - E M d' O - M-Ir O ~ MIt O ~ M [t O - M q- O ~ m a' O
Ch M C;ic;i Ln Ln Ln Ln La Ca Ca C6 r: L` f`: W W W W fr mmm0006 NNNNMMMM~
N r` r`r`r,r Nr,r`r Nr,r,r`NNNr Nr-- `r, r,r`~ r- 1
OOO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N r N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N------------------------------ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N
wmaoma6mooma6mwmaom0om0omeomwma6moomao meomaomaom aom0omeom0omaom ao
~mIt 0 -m14t0r-m1- 0-mlq-0 -M1- 0 '-M Ito-Mato-M11 0 0-m 0 -M V-0
4t 4 q ^L;i ~~L;i ~ C6 C6 C6 LO f~ l~ t~ 66 Oo Oo Oo 6i 61 6) &; O O O O ~ ~ N N N N M M M m 6 6 0 O
- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^^~
000000000000000000000000000000000000000\\""\',
N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N
N - N.N-NN------ N.-N-- N- N-N Nr-N-N---- NN -
C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C _C C_ C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N W W N to (n N (n N N (n Z N W N N N N (n w woo N Ln W N Woo N N W W (f)WW w o (o ~ (w w o w (W
N
N (nu) W W (n (n (n (n (n w~ (n Z (n w N w 3: N (n (n (n w o o N (n w N N N N (W W W N W woo 3 N W (n Z w
M
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q, a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO It N- M r- W M O O O O O f- O O N M I W M N N M W M O M M O O LO W Ln q- N M r 0
L L L L L L L L L L L L L r ..C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO ~ N- M W M O O O O O- O O- N M ~t W M N N M W M O M M O O M O (n ~ N M O
.C ,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M M m O O O CO O O O M CO O M M 1~ ~ M M M~ M M O O CO O M M CO M M O O O O O O O M M M CD CO O
67 6) ~ O) O) M 6) 6) 6) O) 07 M M 67 d1 6) tT 6) 6) M 6) M O) M O) D7 a7 6) 67 6) M O 6) 6) O) d7 M M 6) M 6) 6) 6) 6) 6)
0 0 ~ 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 ~ o ~ 0 0 0 0 \ 0 0 0\~ o o~ 0 0 0 ~ o o\° 0 0 0 0 0 \ 0 0 0 0 0 \ a o 0 0
6) O) d1 6) Q) a1 6) d7 Q7 6) M 6) 61 6) tb 00 t` ~ 0 M N 0 O O O CO O CD O O O ~ ~ ~ ~ W ~ 00 OD 00 00 00
LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL. LL U- LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL tt LL LL
f~ I~ O M O ~ M ~ ~ N ~ CO M [Y M M M M CO CO CO CO f~ 00 I~ CO CO f~ f~ CO CO f~ (D I~ CO Cfl (D CO CO Lf1 d' d' M M N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
r-~ 06 r` CO r` 00 6 4 M Ln P,: O CO r` OO O O M 4 4 M Ln O CO L6 6 r,: r` (6 6 6 Ln Ln 4 4 M M N m w CO M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N-
00 M 00 M W M W M 00 M 00 M co m co M co m 00 M co M 00 M 00 m co m 00 m m M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
M O 7 M [t O M d' O M'5: O c n,5: O cn '5: O 7 M'5: O 7 M '5: O M '5t 0 7 M'5: O 7 M d' O 7
O O 00 OD 00 00 O) O) 6) O O O O N N N N M M M M lq' ct It q- M LO M LO W (6 O O N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O f~ I~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ r` ~ t` ~ ~ n ~ t` ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
^ N N N N" N N N N N N N N N~ N N N N N ~ N N N N N N N N
CO M 00 M 00 M O M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 m 00 M O M O M CO m 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M O M 00 M W M 00 M O M OO M W
'5: 9 7cm'5: O M'5: 97M'5: 9 7M~: 9 7M'5: 9 7M V-O M V O M'5: 9~m'5: O~
Ln LO In Ln W c6 L6 O L` N N N M M M M M M 0 6 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M O O O O-
r- - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N I- ^ N
" 0 0 0 0 0
0000000000000000000000000000000000000001,111-111-1-
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N" N N N N N N N N N N^ C\j N~ N N N^ C\j N N N N N ^ N N^
M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M M M W M 00 M m M W M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 00 M W M 00 M W M
M V O- M T O- M d' 0 M O- M q- O M IT O- M 'I- O- M It 0- Mt O M~ 0- M q- O- M
N N N N M M M M 4 4 Ln Lri Lii Ln Cp Cp (fl io f~ r~: LU aO 66 66 LT tT LT (5i O O O O N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N E N N N N N N ~
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N N N N\\\\
- - - NNNNNNNNNNN
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ZNNNN~N W NNNZ NNNN3-3:w w00Ln~ W 00000 W 00 U) nLnLnU)00wfn000
M
Z N N N N N N W N N N Z N N Z N (n N to N W to to N 0 N W (n N N N N N N to N N N N N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L S L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
It O-1- O- O O r- O- M q- O O N M O Ln M O M W Ln LO In - M CD O (D M W M M W M N N W
L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
~ O -Ito -O O ~ O r M It O O N M W M Ln O MW In M Ln Ln Cfl O O M WW W W M N N W
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
CD CD M M M M M M O CD CD O M O O W CD W CD W O O CD W O M M M O W (D O M W W CD M M M M M M CD O M
t` ~ ~ ~ ~ t` ~ ti O O CD t` ~ ~ CD CO CD CO CO I~ CD CD CD O O CD O O O O O CD CO O CD CD CO O CD CD CD CO CD I~
M O M M M M O O M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 o 1.? 0 0 0 0 e 0 0 0 \ c OR e\ o\° \ 0 0 0 e e o ~ 0 0 0 0
M CD M N LO M CD M Ln M O M N LO W M M O M N M N M I 'V' N M- M M N N W M M M 00 CD CD CD LO
OO ~ 00 ~ a0 ~ M ~ 00 W 00 M M O a0 N 00 00 M O 00 CO MMM M MMM 00 M M M M M M 00 OO 00 a0 00 Op 00 pp OO
LL W LL LL LL W LL LL W W W LL W LL LL W U. LL W W LL W LL W LL LL LL W LL W W LL LL W L.L. W W W L.L LL LL LL W LL LL
M~2 2 ~2 2 ~2 N M M M O N N Lh O O M M O O M 0 co I~ 00 O O M co 00 OD 0 0 ^ N N^ M [r M
LL W LL W LL W LL LL LL W LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL W LL W W W W W W W W W LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL W W
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
cD 00 M M^ I~ O CO ~ r 4 4 ui 6 4~ N~ N4 ~ ~ N O M M r r 0 0 0^ N Lh 4 4 4 ui ~ 6 CD fl
M M M 00 M 00 M OO M CO M M M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M f)0 M a0 M W M W M W M O0 M M M M M M M 00 M lp M
MAO - MIt O- Mq- OM't0 Mv,O MIt 1-0~MIt0-M[r0~Mq- O M
r~: Lp w Oo Oo M M M M 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M O 0 0 0 0 N N NN M M M
M g 4
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
L`NNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNnNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
000 O O O O 00000 O 00 O co O 00 0000 O\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N^ N N N N N N N N N^ N N^ N N N~ N N^C\j ~ CM N N - -
M 00 M 00 M Lb M Op M M M 0p M 00 M Lb M 00 M QO M M M OO M M M M M a0 M 00 M OO M OO M tb M M M M M QD M
M'5: O 7 M [t O 7 M'5: O M'5: O 7 M'5: O M O 7 M d' O 7 cn '5: 0 M '5' O 7 M '5: O M V O 7 M
N N N N M M M M [Y Ln Ln Ln Ln W cO W W N~ N N Lip M M M m m M M 00 O O - N N N
0000000000000000000000000000000000 L-f-N NNN N N L` NN
1~11 11 I'll 11 I'll, -1 " '11.111,11, 11
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O
11 11 11 11 11 1~ N N N N N N N 1~ 11 "1 1~
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
- - N N N N N N N N N N N
w M oo m Do m- M ao M ao M ao m ao m ao m co m w m ao m w m 00 m oo m ao m ao m ao m ao m au m ao m oo m ao
V' O M~ O m~ O E M I- O,:-
M ct O m~ 0 ~ M d' O ~ M~ O M A O M [t O M ct O M ct
N M M M d' ~t Lr') Ln L i O L.O L.6 Lp n N N w w w 00 m M M M O O O O- - N N N N M M m M
r - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N NN C\j N N N N N N N-N N C\i NN N N NN N N N
N^- N^ N^----------------------------------------
C C C C C C C C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C c C C C C C C C C
C!
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
N N V) N V) ~ cn N V) cn V) cn cn cn Ln m Ln N m N m N Ln M N Ln N Ln N M N m Ln Ln ~ Ln Ln 3 ~ ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ ~
Ln ZoMoLnLnNN
N N N N N V) N N W Ln W w to to 0 0 w w to Ln w N N N w 0 w w (n w V) V) 3: V)
N Z Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln
L L -C L L L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a Q Q Q a Q Q a o_ Q a Q a a Q a Q Q a Q a Q a a Q a a Q Q a a a Q a a Q Q Q Q Q a Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
L6 N co q- N Lo N N O O N - m- V' d' W O N N,t m W "t N O N N O M Lo ct Ln O O N N N
- N N
E L L -C L L -C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
fl- fl- Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q.. Q Q Q O_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Lfl N 00 ~ - N - Ln N N O O N - M - - q . ' t W O N N~ m w "t N O N N 00 O m 'ct -q' Ln O O N N N
- - - - - - - N - - N - - - - - - N - - - ~
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
O M M W M (n 6) M M 6) 6) O W w W W to m W W M M M m 6) m 6) 6) 6) O W 61 M M W O 6) 6) W M 67 61 O 6)
N r- W W O Ln try W O Ln L.n Lo En Lo Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln V' Ln - It Lo Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln Lo Ln a' It q' T
m m m m m rn rn m rn m rn O rn rn rn 6) 6) 6) 6) rn rn rn m rn rn 67 rn m 6) m 6) 6) rn m 6) m 6) 6) 6) 6) d1 6) 6)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
w m 00 N O w 00 N N N N N m w 00 r, N O O O O O O O O O O N N r N N N N r- r- 00 co 00 00 00 00 N r- 00
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LJ.. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
nmI:r LnLnI Lnr`OIt mO~N~~ X00 X00 NMLnLnLnLo (DWW0000,0~ O6)
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m m M M m m N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o
r-~ r-~ 6) M O N O LT Lo Ln 6 r~ 6 r` (Ti O N N N - N m m M Ln m M M m 4 M 4 4 Ln r` Ln 4
- - N N N N M N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M 00 M 00 M O M m m m m 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
1- 0 -M1'0 -MA0 -M't O - M -t O- M -t O- MAO M AO - Md- O - M q- O - M - 0-Mq-
4&i &; LnLrnOL6C6L6rZrZ r~: r~666666 66)m8i m000O- NNNNMMMMi444 tLnLOLnLn
0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N
0 00 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
r--- - - - NNNNN~NNN~N^NNNNNNNNC\J N
CO M 00 M CD M 00 M N M CO M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M O
~O - mq- 0-M1- 0 -M 1- O M[YO - MAO - MvO - MvO - M't 0 -Mv0-MA0 -Mq-
N M M M m v v: 4 4 Ln Lo Ln Ln CO L6 LD Lp rZ r` r` r` 00 66 w Lb rn rn 6) rn O O O O ~ N N N N M M M M
- - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000oo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ N \ \ N N \ N N N \ N \ N \ N N \ N N \ \ N N \ \ \ N \ N \ N \ \ N N \ N \ N \
N N^ N N N N~ N N N~ N~ N N N^ C\j N N N^ N N N^ C\j N^ N N N LV N N r1i N N N N N N N N^ r1i N N
- - - -
M m M m M w M w M m M m M m M m M w M m M m M m M w M w M m M m M m M w M m M w M w M m M
O M~0 M~t 0-M1- 0 MttO - MAO - M V O - M 1- 0 Md'O - MAO MAO - MAO
0 0 0 0- N N N N M M cn M 4 q 4 4 M M M M 0 CO CD CO r~:~ n r~: 60 66 N 00 6) 6) O) 6) 0 0 0 0
r- r- N N N r- rl P, N N N N N N N N r- r- r- r- r- ti N r- r- N N N N r, N N- N r -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 00 00 O
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M\
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
N^ N N " N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
cn.3:cncnow n31Zw3: 333:3: 3: wwwow3: ?::Ov) nZ3~:zwwozv)(/)Zwzwww w V)
M M Cn M M M M M M (n M Z Cn Z N N Z M (n M (3n (3n Z
N N M 0 M 0 N N Z W
N N N N N N N N N M Z N Z N M cn Z~ Z N Z 0 Z 0 N Z w Z V) w N N 3- Z 0
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
00 O O CO N M M 6) - N M 0 00 CO M- M N- M M [t N O M O N O N M O M M W W O M
L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
00 O O 00 N M M O N M 0 00 CO M M N- M- M ct N O M O N O N M O r- M M (D W O m
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C: C C C C C C C- C C C C C C C C C C C:
d7 M M C6 CO C0 M M M O C6 M d7 M M M M M M d1 a7 M M M d7 M M M CO C6 C6 CO CD C6 (p CO CD CO O CD O M M M CO
,It M M M M M M M M M M M [r M M M M M M M M w w w M w w w (D w w w w w w w O w N O N N N N N
~ M 6) 6) 6) ~ 6) M O M M M 6) 6) 6) O 0 d7 0 a7 M 6) 6) 6) O 6) M M O) 0 6) 6) M M M 6) M 6) 6) M O O) 6) 6) 6)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o~ o 0 0 0 0~\ o~ o~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N M N M O M M M N M M N 00 M M M N M M M M M O N M O O W N M W O O N O M M O O O
U- UL Lj- LL LL L.L LL Lj- U- U- LL U- LL U- 00 CO N 00 6) CO 00 c0 M 6) 6) 6) 0 6) 00 00 OD 00 00 CO C0 00 00 6) 00 00 0 6) 0 M 00 6) O 6) 6) ~ O O ~ M ~ 6) O O O
LL w 0 0
6) 00 6) 6) 0 O O 6) 6) 6) m O M O O 6) O 6) 61 6) 00 00 O 00 (n co wN w U- U- LL w W LL Cwp ~ M U- U- U- Ll- U- LL LL LL Ll- LL
N M M N M N w O O) 6)
N N N N N M M N N N N M N M M M N M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
(iw(iw(iwww(i(L(iLL LL LL wLL LL wLL LL (LU-L.LU_(i(iw (Lw(iwLL LL. U- U- U- w(LU- LLCLwwwiL
00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 N N N N M M NO N N N It v M 4 v 4 v M N O - N~ O 06 00 a)OO CO MMMMMd'N Ornrn
m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N M M N N N N N N N N N N
M CO M 00 M O M 00 M O0 M N M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M CO M OO M C0 M 00 M 00 M
O - M V O - MAO - MIt O-M.rO MAO M-1-0-m Ito - M A O - M q-0 M 'IO-Mct0
c6 CO C6 C6r~ n ~ P~: 00OOOO00rn6)m6)OOOO NNNNMMMMOOOO NNNNM
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
00000000000000000000000000000000 M m m - n M M M M M M M M
N N N N N N N N N 11 N N 11 N N N 11 ll~ -1 N N N N 11 N N N 11 11 11 11 N N N N N 11 11 11 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N~ N N N N N N^ N^ N^ N N N C\j N N C\j N N N N N N N^ N^^~ - - - -
M 00 M O M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M 00 M O0 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M
O - M1- O ~ M1- O ~ M qt O ~ M d' 0- Mq- O - M1- O - M~ O'- M d' O.- M~ t O ~ M d' O ~ M d' O
O O (56 N N N N M M M M 4 4 4 4 M M M M c6 C6 C6 C6 P:~ r- N N pp co 00 pp 67 6) 6) p) 0000
-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 0 0 00 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N
OD M W m 00 m M M M M M M M M M M W m w m w m W M M M W M W M W M W M M M w m M M W M M M M
m 0-m1-0-MAO M14t0-md-0-MAO M'1t0 M,5: 9 7L»'5: O7cnrt0-M1- O-
(V N^ N Lh M c» M 4 4 4 Ln ~ Ln M O O O O 00 w w 00 O M O O) o o O O N N
- - - r- - - r - N N N N N N N N N N
000000000000000000000oo0oooo00ooooooo0ooo00oo
M M M m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N - ^ N - N N N N - C\i ^ -(\I N - N N- C\j N N N N- N - (\I r1i ^ N- r1i N- N- N N- r1i N^ C\j N N N
C C C c_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E_ C c_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
000000000(Z)00000000000000000000000000000000000
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Ln w N Ln Ln N ig: z~ V) M N N z~ w z w (n Ln to N N~ N U) N N N O N U) 0 3:3: Ln 3: N w z z 3:3:3:3:
Z (A(/) N Ln Ln Ln Ln
Ln w Ln Ln Ln N z~ (n M M V) z~ w z w w Ln w N N 3 ~w U) N m M N En 0 U) V) 3g: (n w z z V) 3.
Z Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln M Ln
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO M O N 0 M LD Ln O N N- M~ W~ [t N Ln 00 W W M O N- N M W Ln N O M 00 CO 00 Ln
C L L L -C L L L L .L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L t L L
a a a a a a a a o_ a o_ a a a o_ Q. Q o. a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a Q- a s a fl- a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
LO MO-N0 MWLnON - N Ma-CD- V- NLO WWCDO ~ W N[FNw~CDLnNOMMWMm
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
M M M O O O O O O M M M M M m 0 0 CO O CD O CD CD M M M CD Cp M M M M M O LO O m O M M 't CO CO O)
N N~ N NN ~n N N NN N N(` N O
~ LD CO CO CO O O O CO O O O O CO O t9 O ~ n to~Lr'~ Ln Ln Ln
~ d7 O a7 O7 M d7 O O O7 a7 O M a7 M tT O7 m d7 O d1 O d7 O O ~ ~ O~ M d7 O7 O d7 M O7 O d7 O O7 O O a7 O d7 O
0 0~~ o~ o o~ 0 0 0~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
00000000000000000000000 M OD OO OO OOM O)N W -M LO I-W LnN 0 M 0 W LO
000000000000000000000Oommo0000pOp000pppapapOp0000a0000000wwN N
L.L L.L LL L.L U- LL LL LL w w w LL L.L U- LL w w LL w w LL LL LL w w LL w w w w w w w w w LL LL LL w w w LL LL LL LL
r-~'-LLNNMv~ct Ln~LnLnwNNNWmO-~tLO LnLnLnLnLnWWWNNN wNMMNmONO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m m m m m M M M m m m m m m M m m m m m m 'l' cI-
LL w LL LL LL U- LL w w LL LL w w w LL w w LL LL LL LL w w w LL w LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL u, w w LL U- LL LL w w w LL
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O M M M M M M m m M~ It - -t V- ~ ~ V- 00 It
co M 00 M co M co M co M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M co M 00 M co M w m m m m m 00 m m m 00 M w m w
-7m,5: 9~L»,5: 9 7M,5: O M,5: 97m,5: 9 7Mv: O M,5t97Ma O M,5: 97M,5: 9 7M,5: O7
m m M Ln M LO M CD O O O N N N N w w m w m m m m O O O O - - N N N N M M M Mq- It
N fl-N N N N N r-N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N- r - r- r-- r
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOON NN N NN N Nr` N NN N NN N N E
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 1-1 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
- - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M 0 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M O M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M CO M 00
A O M d- o M It O M A O- M A O- M 1- O M [t O- M A O- M A O- M It O M4- Q
9 N N ^ N M M M M 4 et 4 4 u7 &; Ln Ln CD CO CO (D I: f~ I: t~ 00 00 00 00 M 6i (5i Ol O O O O ~ N N
r r N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
M M M m M m M M M M M M M M M 11 11 1~ 11 11 1~ 11 M M M M M M M M M M 11 11 11 11 1~ -1 1~ M M M M M M M M M M M m M M M M M 11 M M m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 11 11 11 11 11 11 \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N(M N N N N N N N N N N N N N Nr%j N N N N N N N N
N--------------------------------------------
M OO M W M W M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OD M W M OO M OO OO m Op M 00 M 00 m 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W M W
Mrt0-MAO-m1- O - MAO Mg-0 m,5:0 a.9 7M,5: 9 7M V 9 7M'V: 9 7M'5: 9 7Mv
N N (M M m M 0 6 0 6 N N N N M M M M t It I- LO LO LO LO LO (D W W N N L-~ N W W W 00 M O) O) 07
N N N N N N N Nr~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N t- N N N r- N N N N N N
N N N N~ N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ d' lqt ~ I- It ~ ~ d' d' lq It It ct It d- 1 ~t ~ 14 [t ~t ~t ~t
M m m M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C E C C C C C C C E C C C C C C E C E E E C C C E C C_ C E C C C C E E E E C E E E C E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3:3: 3: M M M N M M M M N M N M M M N 3 3
N M M M M N N M N M N z z Z M M Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z
3 3 M M M M M W M W N W M W M N N N 3 3~~~
N M M M M M M M M M M Z Z Z M M Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z
L L ..C L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
(D O1- O O N O) ~ ~ N O( D W N W ('J 't N - ~ N O N O LO O W~ W N W O L- W W Ln - N~ ct N qt
N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N - - - - - -
L L L L L L L= L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q- a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
(D O d' O O N O) N O W (D N (D N N- I- N O N Lfl Ln O W E W N W O W W M N d- q- N~
N - - - - - - - - N - - - -
.c C C C c c E E C c C E E C C E E E E C E E C E C C C C E C E E E E E E C E E E E E C C E
LD m O N LO (D N N O) 07 W W (D (D LO O N O) O) LO LO Ln N M LO M LO O) LD N LD (D (D W 01 N W O) O) (D O) N (D W (n
~ M m m M M m N N N N N N N N N - N N N N N N N M M N N N N M M M M
67 d1 ~ O) O) O) O) m d7 ~ a7 O) O) 0 0 0 0) O) m 0) m O) M d1 O) O) m 0) m 0) m O) d7 W m M 07 O) d1 O) M O) 67 O) W
0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 \ 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0
r` 00 a) W W W W O) 67 d7 W M O) O) O) O) O W O) W W W W W W W W Q) O) m O) W O) O) W O) 07 ~ O M 67 W W W W
OOOOm0mrnrnrna)OrnrnrnMMMMMMMMWMWMW WMIt M(~nLLL' OOmmmW Wmp- r- wLn
It V- It I- M a' M M m m m m M M M M M M M M M M M m m m m m m m m m m M M N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL L1 LL LL LL Ll LL LL LL LL LL LL LL Ll LL LL LL LL- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
W LD W Ln Ln 4 M N 6 6 Ol rn O) O O) rn O N M m M m N N N 6 Il: W Ln Ln 4 M M N - O O O O O O)
d' [t ~t tt [t m m MI- m m d' 't .I' V' I V- 't I- M M M m m M M M M M M M M m m M N
M O0 M OO M W M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M OO M O0 M OO M W OO M OO M OO M W M OO M OO M OO M W M W M W M W
I- V- MLO LO Ln W LDW W N N N N W W W W LT O)MM 000- - NNNNMMMM0000-
- - - ^ - ^ r - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N n - -
0000000000000000000000000000000000000\\\\\\\\
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 11 11 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 11 M M 11 1q, It It I- 1q, It v I~t
N N N N N N N N 11 11 11 1~ 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\\\\\
\ \ \ "1-,, \ \ I'll I'll \ I'll \ \ \ \ I'll \ \ \ \ \ 111111 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ NN N N N N "N
N N N - N .N- N N N - N - C\j N - C\j N - - - - - - - N - - - - - - - - - - - N ^ C\j N
M OO M OO M OO M Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M W M W M W M W
MI: O 7 T'5: O r M'9: O 7 T 'V: O M'5: O 7 M'5: O 7:,5: O 7 c n,5: O 7 M'5: O 7 T'5: O T'5: O 7 M'V:
N N M M M M O O O O - - N N N N M M M M [t It [t M LO LO Ln M W W W N N N N M W M W M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C\l N C\J C\J C\J N - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 0- M OO M- M OO M OD W M OD M OO M W M W M W M OO M OO W M W M W M W M W M W M
.-m~ O- m~ m~Om,~r O.-~O~m~O'-mcrO~m~O~~f O~m~O~M~O~m
6 0 6 6 9 N N N N M M LM M 4't M Ln M Lt) CO w W CD r~ N r- N W W W m m m m 0 0 0 0-
- - - N N N N N N N
n n
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N--------------------------------------------
.C N N C\j N N N N N N N NN N N NN N N N NC\j N NNC\j NN
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C
0 0 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O C O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N~ z z~ 3:3:3:3-.3-
z z z z z3:3:3:3:3: z z z z z z z z z z Z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
N 3 z z~~ z z~ z z z~ Lan 3~ z z z z 3:3: z~ z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z
-C L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L .C L .C L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a Q a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
W m N W O W W I- f- t- O't N^ C\l w N N I- (D w N w 00 u) M- O Ln N M w N O N O w N O~ w w
L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L ..C L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
CO mC\J W O W W I- r- r- Oq- N W r- N r- W W N CO 00 Lo M O Lo N W CO N O N O W I. O d- w w
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
,C .C ,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0) 0) m m M w CO w w m M M m W 0) m M M W W (D W W M w w w O M w O O O O m m m m M M M M M M M
M M [Y ~ a- V- -t ~ d- Lo m m Lo Lo Ln Lo Lo Lo W W W W N N N W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W
m m m m m O m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ag o 0 0 0 0 0 - o o o 0 0
M m N O N M M m m W O W W W [Y W N m (n r- W ~ m w r- w 00 00 cy) M M Lo M N [r - O M
CO 00 co 00 0000 co co W W W W ONaO W W00mmmmwwwmmmmwwmmmwwww w w N w w W Lo
i) Lo M M M M M It m M M m 0 0 N N m N N 0 r- O N N It m O N N 0 00 0 00 0 N w~
q. q-
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mmW W W W W W W r~~r-.: LC WNLnLnLn4 MMMM[Y V Mm4LnW -,i NNcyi444-,i 4 u)Ln0006 W W
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M W M W m co M W M W M W M W m W M W W M W m w m 00 M w m W M W M w w m w M W m 00 M 00 M W M
9 7m'5: O McYO7m'5: O Lm '5: 9 7'5 9 7m'5: 9 7M'5: 9 7L»:9 d'9 7m'5: 9 7M'5: O M
N N N N M m m mcr Lo Ln Lo L/) W W W N N N N w w ww m m m m 0 0 0 - N N N N M M M
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
n
O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O N N N N N N N N N N N~ N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N't .t d- ~ q- q- 't 7 I 'I- a- q q-
11 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
- - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
M W m W M W M W m W m W M W M W M W W m W m W M W m W M W m W m 00 W M W M W M W M W M W M
O M't O M O M cr O M l q- ~t O- M It O- M It O M 'q-
(5 O M cr O M cr O M
OO(5 NNNNMMMM4 4LnLnLnLn W W LDW r~:r: W W W mmmm0000
- N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14- 1- It 14- It- lq- V- lq- lq- It lq- V- 14- lq- lq- I- It lq- V- It 14- lq- 14- It lq- It I- I- lq- 14- q. 4- 't Nf 'T lq- V- lq- It
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N^ N N ^ N^ N^ N N^ N^- N N r\j N^ N^ C\j N N- C\j N ^ N- N O N N
W M OO M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M W M OO M OO M Op M 00 M CO M 00 M 0p m 00 M W M 0p M W M W M W
O- M 'I' 0 M O M 1- O- M14' 0 M O- M V 0 Mt O- M ct O M ct O- M [t O- Mq-
N N N N C 'Y)' m m 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M 4 [t q v L'i Ln Lri Ln CO CO CD CO f~: l~ f: I~: ao 63 66 ao
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N r-N N N N r-r-O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O co \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ LO LO LO LO m LO m m to m m LO m m LO in m m Ln m m LO m to LO m Ln Ln Ln LO LO Ln Ln Ln Ln Ln
~t I- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
^ N N - - - - - -
C C C C C C_ C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
z Z Z z Z Z z Z Z Z Z Z Z z z Z Z z z w Cn z z Cn o o z w o z z o <n z~ z z~ 3 o o z o 0 Ln
z Z N
z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z Z Z z z w v) z z C/) V) N z w Cn Z Z N z~ z Z~~ cn N z 0 0 0
z z Ln
L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
W mNLO N(O V- cflW M ON - W LOCO 00 MM0-U)- o-NO~000W0-00N000-0~
N - - -
L L L L L L L L= L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L =.r- L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
W mNLO NW w w M0N~ WLO W WMM0 LO -CO-N0 4-000 w0-00N000
E C C C c C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
m M M I- P-N N O M rlr-N O O O M m M M m M N I- O O O N N M M O M M M m M f- N m M 0 0 M M O
W W W W W W W MMLTMM00000000O00 --0000000000000000000
M M W m M M M O M 67 C m M M(, W C, N C, C, N N C, W N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M W O O N Ln N W N O M B [f M W Ln M W N O W N M N M M M W Ln m M CON- V Ln Ln
to m Ln W W CD W CO W W~~~ n~~~~ n~ W W W W W W 07 W M M m 67 M~ ~ W M W M~ M m M M m
w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL IL LL LL LL LL
M M M q- q-
U- Ln q- 11, lq- I- M 61 W M W f~ I~ W W W W f~ CO CO Ln CO
U- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL U- LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
L6(6t6L6 LnLn4 4Ln4MMNN- 6r~r,: o; vCOM ~O~OO)W W OrnO~Orn W W W r-~ Ln
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
OO M OO M Op M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 0p M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 0p Cn Op M 00 M 00 (h Op M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W
~0 M 1- O - Ln~O - M q-0 O~M~O cmT 5:9 M5: 0 cnv
C ; i 4: t L i L n L n m C O C O W CO~,: N N N W W W W mmmrn0000--- N N N N M M M M O O O O
- - - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N f- N t-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Ln m LO m
ct ~ ~ It ct I- ~ It ~ It I- ~ It I- It It ~ ~ d' Vqt It It ct 1- 1- It It It I- a' ~ I- It ct N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\\
N^ N-- N^ N- N N^ N-- N^ N^- N N N- N N N N^ N-- N^ N- N N
OD M OO M OO M OD M OO M OD M W M OD M OO Cn 0p M 00 M W M 00 M 0p M 0p M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M W M W M W
't 0 EM[t0~M't0 m 1.0 M~0 M'~t 0 M q-0~cn-O-Mqq 0 M*t0~M~
N N N N M MN M MN 0 0 0 0- N N N N M M M M ~t d' Ln &; Ln Ln Co C6 Cfl Co ^ ^ W W W W
N N N N N N N N N rl-N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
OOOOOOOOOL\nL\ nL \ nLOL Ln nL \ nL Ln nLOLO \ L \ nLn11 "1 LnL\nL\nL L\nLn11 L\i~L\nLiLLnniiL n\Lr\iL 11 LO \L\ n m n L\nL\ LO L\ n iiL n\L 11 Lr\iL
N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N 11 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N 11 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C\j r C\j - -
moomaomwmaomaomaomaomaomaomaomaomoomaomaom Wmwmwmaomaomoomcomaom
O M - 0- M d 0- M t O- M 'I' O M q, O M It O- M d' O- M d' 0- M d- O E M ct O M d O
rn6)000O -NNNNMMMc;i4444LiLnLnLnCOO63 (5 fZIZ~~06 06 66 OOOMOOO
N rl N N - - - - - - - N
O O O O N N N N r- N r, N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
m CQ N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N Ln Ln M M LO Ln Ln U) t.I) m o N Ln Ln m to LO to vl to U) LO U) Ln Ln Ln Ln to LO LO Ln to m LO M M Ln M M M to
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ N N N N N " N N N N N N
,C C E E E C C c_ E E_ E E E E E E E E E E E E C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LoNN0N~ZZZ~MZZZ~NNNw0LO0LO0ZZZ ~~3. LOZZZ~~w~no003:000
Z Z Lo Lo N Z V) Lo
U) W omMNZZZZLOZZZZNLOLO Woo ooozZZN~NNZZZ~~wEno0 3:000
Z N Lo
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L .L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a o_ a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 0 0 0 Ln-0 0 0 0 0 0 N000WNMOLn MMMON OLnOMMW d--OLnO p m O
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
0 00 0 Ln-000000N00 O(ONMWM LnMWON.- OLnWMMW- -WmW-O It m O
O O~~ M M M M O~~~ M M O M M O O M 6) 0) d1 O O CD CD Cp O M B O) M O O M M M O CO O 0) N Ln
00mmmmmmmmau0000OOOOr.N r NN W ooLOLnMU)LO oo I-d-Lnd•d•~ q- d'MmmNN.-
M O M O M 6) O M O O O) M O O 6) 6) O O O 0 0 6) a7 O M M O a7 O 6) 6l 0) 0) O) 6) a- 6) ~ O) O O
o o o o o o o o o o o o 9 z o10, z o o\01, o 0 0 0Ol Q o10, z o 0 0 0
Ln LO W (0 d- w N co r- r- w o w 00 N M ct W W It LO O N LO 00 O O N O CO r- Ln LO N M N LO d M m
rnrn0)rnO)O)rnO)rn6)mmmOCnO)00rnO)00r, (o(flNNN(oLnLn(OWWWMLOLnLnLnd• V d•d• t d•M
W W LL LL LL LL w w W LL LL LL LL w w LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
d I- LO d ONtt d-d'MM0000d ct(ONN000-O-OO0) 000O--OM 000OO
-
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL W LL LL LL LL LL LL W W LL LL LL LL LL U- LL LL LL U- LL W LL LL LL LL W
O O O O O O O O O O O 0000000000000000000000000000000000
LnLnLn(OLnN_Cfi4U Ln4 6 r-1: r,mrlCOOO 00rn00rl: 0600rnNN~-~NM V d•(Or-~ rnOrnrnmOm
N N N N N N N N N N N N M N N N M M
M w m 00 m 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M 00 M co m 00 M co m co M co M co M co m Co M 00 m 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M m m
O Md'O-MIt0 Md'O - Md- O - Md- O - M qt0-m*q-0 Md•O-M~t0-Md 0 7M59
N N N N M M M M d4 4 d' Ln L i Ln Ln (O (0 (0 (0 ~r~: r~: n 00 Oo 00 Oo m 6i 6) 6) O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O O O O O O O
Ln LO m LO m Ln LO m Ln m m m LO m m Ln m Ln m LO m Ln m m m Ln M m m m Ln m Ln m LO m \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Ln m Ln m Ln m LO M Ln
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (\I N N N N\\\\\\\\\
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N N N N N N N N N
M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M OO M O0 M 00 M Op m 00 M 00 M 00 M a0 M a0 M ao M a0 M 00 M
O~md O~Md'O Md•O - Md 0 -Md•0 ~Md•0 ~Md-0~ t0 q-0 m -0 V-0
d1 6) m O) O O O O N N N N M M M M 4 d- 4 d- Ln Lri Ln &; (O (O (ii O L` 06 pp 06 pp M 6) 6i 6) O
f`r- f`ti - - - - - - - - -N
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
LOMLn0 M \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N m m Ln m LO m m m LO m LO Ln m LO m LO m Ln m Ln LO m m m m m LO m LO m LO m Ln m m LO Ln Ln Ln m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N^ - ^ N - C\J N^ N N N^-^-^-^ N- C\J N - ^ - N N N N N
CO M a0 M Cp M C0 M Cp M CO M a0 M CO M CO M CO M CO M Cp M 00 M M M 00 M a0 M 00 M W M M M Op M OD M W M Cp
r M O r M 7 0 r M O m v 0 r M q- O r M~ O r M1- 0 r cn v O r M1- O r m O r M O r
000 r r r N N N N m m m m 0 0 0 0 r r r r N N N N M M m M g 4 4 4 Lri L~i Lri Lri Cp Cp io Lfl rz
(\I N N N N N N N N N N (\j N N N N N N N N N r- N N rl_ N N N N I,- N N N N N N N N N N N N n N
r-~r-r.r-Nr-r-NNNNNNN000000000000000000000000000000
0 0 0 0 00000000 0 00
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O co O O N~ O O O
- - Lo - N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N^ N - - ^ - C\J N N C\J r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
C .C .C .C .C ,C .C ,C C C _C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
v~cnrncnw33:3:3:3. nrnZ3-33:30 3:3:3:3:3 :~:3:3:~~z;Z~ZZZ3~3rn3: 3: 3:
V) V) V) V) Ln V) V) V) V) (1) N V) Z - Z Z z V) V) V) V) V) (n V)
00V)(n w33333(ncnv~Z3333~333333333333z3z3zzz333-333
V) (n V) V) V) V) V) V) V) V) (n (n Z V) z z Z V) (n (f) (n V) - V)
L L L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
O N t N 't 00 W M M Lr) M r Ln M Ln - M 'It N M M O O W M M Ln N r r- r~ O (n LO r m m m r- Lo O W r M
r r r r r r r N r r r r r r
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L _C L L L L L L L L -C L L L L L L L L L t L
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
Or- N~00Lo MMMMrLnMLo Ln00q" r-00MOOWMMLnNrNrvO-WrMMMN-WW M
r r r r r r r N r r r r r- r
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
Ln - N (n N - Ln N Ln Ln 00 CO 00 00 N Ln N N N 00 00 M 00 N CO CO N 00 CO M N N N N Ln N - - Lo - Ln N Ln N N
r r 0 0 0 0 0 M M 00 CO CO CO M M M M M CO 00 CO 00 M 00 00 M CO CO 00 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
MMMMMMMMO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0~ o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~ o
WONOMf~COMctCDM-~NMLnwNNNMOMwwMwMW V)~LoMMu)wLnr-NMONMW
M It M m m I- Lo - M Ln - Lo M Lfl W O N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N m N N N
- LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
co O r r r 0 - O- M M 0 0 0 0 r r r r r r r r r r M M M M N N O O W W O Ln O W W W O (n W
r r r r r r
r r r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o
N r r N M Ln M N r r-li M Ln 4 M N r O M M M 00 00 06 rl~ rl~ LO Ln Ln 4 4 4 M M M M N N N N N r N r N
M M M m m m m M m m m m m m M M M m N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
M M 00 M M M 00 M 00 M CO M a0 M M M M M M M DD M M M M M CO M CO M CO M a0 M 00 M 00 M a0 M a0 M CO M W
r(»dO M OrMIt OrM O
. rM OrM~tOrM Orm OrM~tOrM OrM Or
N N N m m m M~~~~ Ln Ln Ln Ln O O L6 O r` rZ r. C0 w w w m M M M O op O r r- r N N N N m m
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
m Ln Ln Lo m Lo Ln Ln Ln m Lo Ln Ln (n m Ln Ln Lo Ln m Ln - m Ln Lo m m Lo - Ln m Ln - m Ln Ln m Lo m Ln m Lo m Ln Lo
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N~ N N N N~ N N N N~ N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
DD M 00 M 00 M O0 M 00 M CO M a0 M W M M M a0 m M M W M CO M CO M M M aD M M M ao M CO M CO M CO M a0 M CO
- M~ O r M ~ O r M q- O r M [Y O r m ~d- O r Mq. O r Mq- O r M.I. O r Ml- O r M~ O r M ~ O r
000 r r r r N N N N M M (M M O O O O r r r N N N N m M M M tt 4 v 4 Ln Ln Ln Lr) Lo Cp Cp Lp rZ
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N r- r- r- r- r- n r- r- rl N N N N N r- N N N N N N N r- N N N N N N N
N r- r- r- r.r- r. r.r- r- r- N r-NN(D000OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
Lo LA - Ln - to Ln Ln Ln Ln L n Lo Lo Lo Lo N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N " N N N N^ C\l N N N r r - r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
m0omaomaom WMtAmaumwMaomaomaomaomaomaomaomoomaomeomaomaomODmaom W m
m~ O M A O M ~t 0 M ~t O M,5: O 7 M,5:9 7 M,5: O 7 c n'5: O 7 M,5: O ~ MI: O 7 M1: O 7 M
rZtZ 666666 66 6i MMOOooo -NNN(%j MMMM44q- 4 Lo u) Ln Lo w w (D w N N N `MMM
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
co ca co co co co co LOW co \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N CO O O CO CO O CO O CO CO CO CO O CO O O O O CO CO O CD O LD O CO O O CO O CO CO O CD CO
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
.d N N - N N N N C\j N N N
C_ C C C C C C C C C C C C c_ C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E_ C C C C C C C C C C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
3: 31. 3-:~: N Ln m N 3~~~ 31 3 Z 3~ 3~ 3 3 3~ 3 3~ 3~~ 3~~ 3: 31. 3r 3 3: 3:: Z 3~~ 3~ 3
0 In Ln Ln In N Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
33: 3: 3 m Ln N N3: 3: 3 31 3: 3: Z 3 3 3 33: 3: 33: 3: 3 33:: 3_;;~ 3: 3 33: 3: 3 33: 3: Z3: 3 3 3 33:
Ln In N N N Ln Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L .C L L L L .C L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L t L L L L L L L L L
a n, a a a a a a a o. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
aO - MMMLn M Ln0000r~r0ri 00 q-M 0ao00m~M MM MMCO~-00 0"W-Ors
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L== L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
CL a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
00 M6)MLO M-Lo 0000 NN 0 N0 0 1- MMMMM LO Ma0 OM0N^00~oNLo-O-N
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
00 00 Ln 00 u) M N N Ln Ln to 00 co LO N co 00 00 co 00 co N N N N N N N N Lo M LO co LO Ln 00 N N Ln M Ln a) M N N
Q7 M 00 OD CO M 00 M M M CO 00 M M M M 00 M O 00 O M M M M O M O M M M M M M M M O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O O O M M O O M M M M M
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CO LO m O N M O- 00 It mo d- O M M M M M M N N O M N O w w w N N N O ~ M N ~ M N O O
f~ f~ f~ h N M M M M M 00 00 CO 00 00 ~ ~ ~ 00 00 M M 00 ~ ~ ~ t` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t` ~ ~ ~ n LD I~ ~ 0
LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL Ll LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL L.L LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L LL LL LL
Ln ^ LO Ln W co r- ^ M 00 00 00 W Ln U) Ln Ln Ln Ln ~ M M~ m N N N M M M V' ~ ~ M M M M~ U-) M
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL U. LL LL LL LL LL Lil LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N o M O M M N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 M M M O M 00 w Mc~ 06 00 06 pj M ai 0 0 - N N M M
N N N N N- N N N N N N N N N N N N- - - - - - N N N N N N N N N N N
M 00 M W M 00 M W M M M M M 0p M M M W M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M OD M 00 M 00 M lb M
M,V: 9 7Md-9 ~M'5: 9 ~c»,5: 9 ~Ln'5: 9 ~M'5: 9 ~M'5 9 ~M'5: O~Md'O~c '5:9 M'5: 9 7cm
M M O O O O - N N N N M M M M Ln Ln to Ln CO Cp Cp Cp ^ ao M O M M M M M 0 0 0
N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N N
O O \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ O O O
\ \ CD c0 O O c0 O c0 O CD O O O CO O CO LO tD O CO CO CO CO O O O c0 O c0 O O CO c0 CO CO CD c0 O O O CO \ \ \
LO In N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N (D CO CO
N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ N N N
N N-- N N N N N- N- N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N\\\
M CO M 0p M M M 00 M CO M 00 M M M 00 M 00 M CO M M M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M CO M 00 M 00 M 00 m 00 M
M O M O M d O M [r O m tt O M O M O M O M ~Y O M~ 0 M~ O - M
Nr-wo0ao00MMMM000O- NNNNMMMmd d d ~LnLnLnLnCpww( 6r;~ r`r`r~: 0066 66
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N C\0 C\0 C\O C\O C\O C\O C\9 C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\9 C\O C\0 ~ C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O C\O L\O C\O ~ ~ C\O C\0 C\O C\O C\9
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
N N N N N N N N N N \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N " N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
,It
OD m ao m oo m ao m W m ao m w m ao m o0 m ao m ao
00 01 O~ 01 O O O O ~ ~ N N N N M M M M
N N N N N N N N N C\j N C\j N C~j C\ N N N N N
N t` N N N N N N~ N N r- N N N N N N N N N
000000000000000000000
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
O CO CO CO CO CO CO O O O CO CO CO CO CD CO CO CO CD CO O
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
C C _C C C C C C C C C _C C C C C C C C C C_
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Z Z Z Z N 3: 3: Z L Z Z
Z Z 3 N Z M Z N Z Z
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q Q Q Q Q Q Q L1 Q 0_ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
~ O ~ O ~ ~ N C? ~ ~ ~ 2 ~t C2 CO ~ ~ N O - N
L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L
Q Q a a a a a Q a a a Q Q a Q Q a Q Q Q a
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E
f : LO ! LO I : N O :t Ln L2 t C2 CO M t : N Co ( : N
,C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
N N m O cn M m Ln Lo N Ln N N Lo N N N N m Ln In
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O ~ 67 67 67 O ~ O O ~ 67 ~ O O ~ O tT O) O ~ ~
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
f~ CO N Ln LO w m - N N v It w r- N N w N w
O CO O CO CO O CO CO O CO O CO LO O CO CO CO CO O CO O
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL L.L. LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
~ M t Ln M M M ~ [f M M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M !
LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL LL
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
m m mI- M m MI- d m m M m m m
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
V' O M d' O 7 M'5: O 7 M '5' O cn '5: O 7 M'5:
O N N N N M M m M d' Ln ~2 Ln L2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
Lo co co cfl co cfl co co co cfl co Lo co w co co cfl cfl cfl co co
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
00 M 00 M OD M OJ M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00 M 00
M V'O~md'
0D O) M C 0 0 0 0 N N N N M M M M
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
000000000000000000000
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
(D CO O (D CO CD CO CO CC CO CO CD CO CO tD CO CG Cp Cp O Cp
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
From: BAILEY Rich H
Richard.H.BAILEY@odot.state.or.us
Date: Fri, May 23, 2008 at 2:01 PM
Subject: Horse Ridge Weather Data
To: Janet Nash <evanswellranch@gmail.com>
Hello Janet,
Enclosed you will find the wind information for Horse Ridge
during the winter of 2007-2008. If you also wanted
January-March of 2007 please let me know.
Thanks,
Rich Bailey
TripCheck
503-968-3530
i - }
May 28, 2008
To: Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
From: Tammie & Clay Walker
26730 Hwy 20 E
Bend, OR 97701
Re: Issues on Remand - COYOTE WELL MEMORANDUM
LUBA NO 2007-013
Walker VS 4R Equipment,
Spencer Wells Quarry
We do not feel the applicants proposed finding adequately addresses these
problems, and needs further revision.
Ninth Assignment of error
Issue #6 on Respondents issue of Remand.
Whether the mining pit itself will dewater nearby shallow perched aquifers.
The written history of Coyote well has been previously submitted and is in the
confidential file. However, here is a brief summary of the origin of the well.
George and Ada Millican (George's second wife) only owned our parcel for
about three months. The property was deeded from the State to the Millicans
on May 1], 1917. They sold it to Frank Sloan August 8, 1917. Sloan held it until
July 11, 1918 when he sold to the Beaver Land Stock Co. which held it until a tax
foreclosure on June 17, 1929. The next actual person to hold the property was
Rodney Rosebrook who acquired it on Sept. 2, 1942. Copies of the deeds are in
the confidential record, along with a copy of the first USGS map of the Millican
Valley, which was done in or around 1960. Unfortunately, well logs were not kept
until the '40s or 50's.
Jo Smith Southworth, author and historian wrote a book about growing up in the
Millican valley; Millican Memories was published in 1977 by Maverick
Publications in Bend, OR. It is currently out of print; however, I was given a copy
several years ago. In this book she mentions Coyote Well, chapter 14, (page 81)
in the first paragraph.
"One cold March day Hooper & Mitchel had driven cattle west to the old seep,
Coyote Holes, in Dry River where Walter Millican had homesteaded and dug a
fourteen foot well. It was west of the headquarters at the mouth of the deep
gorge through Horse Ridge. There was Indian writing on the gorge walls nearby.
They would feed the cattle cotton cake there until the new spring grass finally
appeared. There was some water, and the gorge walls would provide
protection from the wind.
This may have been in the early 1920's as Walter Millican was born in 1872. Our
property was in George Millican's ownership in 1917; Walter moved out of the
Millican Valley in 1905, but continued to help his father at the Pine MT. Ranch
until he (George Millican) retired in 1916. He sold the Ranch and the livestock to
Frank Sloan.
I spoke to Jo Smith Southworth in 2005; she is in a living assisted home in WA. I
asked her questions about the location of the Coyote Seep holes. She verified
to me, that it was indeed the same place we call Coyote Wells. When asked if
she know how long ago it was dug, she stated that it was dug by Walter,
Georges son', and had been there every since she could remember.
Long time central Oregon resident Mike Breen, stated they used to stop at
Coyote Well when they were heading east, to fill up their model A's with water
because they would lose all the water in the radiators coming up horse ridge.
Mr. Breen also said they used the well to pull water for their sheep when they
brought them over from Alfalfa and were herding them to Paulina Mt. for
summer grazing. Once again, he sated there was always water in that well,
even in the summer.
We purchased the property and house in 1994 and we cleaned out Coyote Well
(Coyote well is approximately 20-25 feet deep. It is hand dug and encased in
lava rock) down to the bottom. Although Jo Smith Southworth states the well
was 14 feet deep, it may have been deepened at a later time. After we
cleaned the well, it was full of water by the next day. We also daily pumped
water out of it to fill up water tank that we had placed for wildlife. Even in the
summer months the well would fill back up to the same depth by the next day.
In fact, as the water is depleted, you can see the water running into it. This well
is not filled by surface water run off or drainage from a higher point, as the
Kleinfelder report indicates, but rather a year around supply; and the water is
not stagnant.
We believe that the mine would impact the shallow perched aquifers in the
Millican Valley. So little is known about the aquifer in this area and how Coyote
Well would be impacted. Our testimony is based on actual experiences. They
are: Coyote Well, maintains 8 - 10 feet of water year around. Pumping can
take place daily and it refills within 24 hours, again even in the summer months.
Other testimony from people that have lived in the area and remember when it
was the only water source between Bend and Millican, and the short note in the
book, Millican Memories. What happens if 4 R is wrong? And with the mine,
being in the lowest point of the valley, the water will naturally flow to the lowest
point, which in turn will drain the shallow aquifer, hence the draw down of the
aquifer that feeds the historic Coyote Well.
In the summer of 2005, 1 met with Larry Chitwood, Geologist, Deschutes National
Forest, & Susan Gray. He visited the property and was quite interested in Coyote
Well. He had assumed the well was filled from water run off. After I told him of
how quickly it filled and it has been in use since the 1900's, he stated he wanted
to study if further. We gave our permission; however, Mr. Chitwood
unexpectedly passed away and did not continue the study of Coyote Well.
-.A
Mr. Chitwood explained in his statement and with a diagram of the aquifer in
the Millican Valley, and the impact a mine 100 fee deep would have on the Dry
River aquifer. It stated, "it would be of interest and concern." This information
was previously submitted as evidence at the August 2005 hearing.
' Millican Memories, 1977, Jo Smith Southworth
" Documentation submitted by Pat Kliewer, August 2005
'U
TO: Deschutes County
FROM: Tammie Walker
DATE: May 28, 2008
RE: Best Shelter
MEMO
Below is the information that I just obtained from the County's website concerning
the property where the Best property is located.
GREEN MANSIONS INC
PO BOX 100
REDMOND OR 97756-0009
Site Address: 57717 SPENCER WELLS RD BEND 97702
Assessor Property Description
Lot: Block:
Prop C1s:500 MA:3 VA:33 NH 000 Vol-Page: 2005-22497
Asmt Zone:EFU CDD Zone:FP (FLOOD PLAIN)
:WA (WILDLIFE AREA COMBINING ZONE)
:SMIA (SURFACE MINING IMPACT AREA COMBINING)
***Land use application: D0428 on Account number: 181080***
Map/TL
ACCOUNT
REQUEST
DATE SUBMITTED
DATE ACCEPTED
STATUS
STATUS DATE
APPLICANT
SITE ADDRESS
191425 00 00801
181080
NONFARM DWELLING DEPOSIT
03/18/04
03/22/04
FINAL
04/01/04
WAYNE L BEST
57717 SPENCER WELLS RD, BE
Issues on Remand May 8, 2008; #2-
2. Evans Wells Ranch
Janet Nash will be sending you information in regards to this.
3. Religious & Cultural Visits
I'd like to resubmit the letters from Sally Bird - Warm Springs, the Klamath and
Burns tribe. Let me know if you need a copy of the CO that Wilson Wewa was on
in 1988. A copy of the tape was entered into evidence at Deschutes County. This
tape alone should be enough to establish it as existing uses. We have the gates
locked now because of the attention the site has gotten since the application for
the mine. However, many of the tribes will contact Susan Gray, she has the
combination. Susan is also working with Elizabeth Budy on the national register
nomination. I don't know if we can get any tribal members to testify again. To bad
the hearing wasn't taped. I have emailed Wilson Wewa and have asked him to
attend the hearing; if he cannot, I've asked him to email me a statement or have
someone else attend in his place.
4. Coyote Well
I'll send more on that later, I'm still reviewing the information.
5. Best Shelter
This was named The Best Shelter, as the original people that purchased the property and
at one time had a building permit for a house, before the commissioners decided they
made a mistake and took it back, were Irma & Wayne Best. They sold it to someone in
Redmond. I do not know if it is historical, this may have been a mistake by LUBA. The
address is : 57717 Spencer Wells Rd. There is a non-farm dwelling there that people only
visit once in a while because there has to be 360 acres for a home to be bui It. I noticed
when I was looking in up on the tax records that the record shows:
* CURRENT Ownership Information ONLY
GREEN MANSIONS INC
PO BOX 100
REDMOND OR 97756-0009
Site Address: 57717 SPENCER WELLS RD BEND 97702
Assessor Property Description
Lot: Block:
Prop C1s:500 MA:3 VA:33 NH 000 Vol-Page: 2005-22497
Asmt Zone:EFU CDD Zone:FP (FLOOD PLAIN)
if :WA (WILDLIFE AREA COMBINING ZONE)
" :SMIA (SURFACE MINING IMPACT AREA COMBINING)
:EFUHR (EXCLUSIVE FARM USE - HORSE RIDGE SUBZONE)
" :LM (LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT COMBINING ZONE)
How can SMIA be labeled on property when the decision is still pending?
It does look like there was a permit for the dwelling, contrary to what Lovelein has
stated.
***Land use application: D0428 on Account number: 181080***
Map/TL
ACCOUNT
REQUEST
DATE SUBMITTED..........:
DATE ACCEPTED...........:
STATUS
STATUS DATE
APPLICANT
SITE ADDRESS............
191425 00 00801
181080
NONFARM DWELLING DEPOSIT
03/18/04
03/22/04
FINAL
04/01/04
WAYNE L BEST
57717 SPENCER WELLS RD,BE
I need to study the reports provided by Klienf elder on the dust/vibrations etc. I'll
respond later.
l t,' ,
j i', _f I
` i
5
mhtmlmain:
This is from the USGS site,
5/28/08 12:47 PM
Factors Controlling Seasonal and Long-Term Ground-Water Level Variations in the Middle
Deschutes Basin, Oregon
Kenneth E. Lite (Oregon Water Resources Department, 158 12th Street N.E., Salem, Oregon,
97310-0210; 503/378-8455; e-mail: liteke@wrd.state.or.us)
Marshall W. Gannett (U.S. Geological Survey, 10615 S.E. Cherry Blossom Drive, Portland,
Oregon, 97216; 503/251-3233; e-mail: mgannett@ usgs.gov)
Monitoring of water levels in wells in the middle Deschutes Basin has provided insight into the
dynamics of the ground-water flow system, particularly with regard to recharge mechanisms and
the effects of climate- or pumping-induced stresses. Water levels have been monitored in more
than 90 wells that penetrate water-bearing zones within Pleistocene glacial outwash deposits,
Pliocene to Pleistocene lavas, and volcamclastic sediments and lavas of the Deschutes Formation
of late Miocene to early Pliocene age. The frequency and duration of water-level data from these
wells ranges from quarterly measurements for periods exceeding 30 years, to measurements every
2 hours for periods approaching 2 years.
Quarterly water-level measurements collected for several decades show that ground-water levels
fluctuate more than 20 feet in response to long-term variations in annual precipitation. The
magnitude of these long-term water-level fluctuations varies throughout the region.
Water-level. measurements obtained every 2 hours by using water-level recording instruments
show that ground-water levels in the Cascade Range lavas respond very rapidly to climatic
change and that annual recharge may take place over several months. Similar measurements in
the high desert east of the Cascades show that ground-water levels respond rapidly to changes in
river stage and to irrigation canal seepage, even at well depths exceeding 600 feet or distances
from canals or rivers of to 2 miles. Data from recorders also show that the water-level response
to pumping varies throughout the region.
In addition to providing information about ground-water hydrology, ground-water level
measurements are commonly used to assess the effects of resource development and are
commonly the basis for resource management decisions. A thorough appreciation and
understanding of all factors controlling water levels is necessary to ensure proper resource
management.
Tammie Walker
PO Box 871124
Wasilla, AK 99687
(907) 357-7108
mhtmlmain: Page 1 of 2
SMALL PRIVATE LANDOWNER HABITAT RESTORATION IN CENTRAL OREGON
New program offers tax incentives for wildlife habitat management - Gary A. Hostick,
Ecological Services, Inc.
Central Oregon's Deschutes County is a fast-growing area. Agriculture and range lands are
being divided up and expensive new homes are built. As in other areas of the West, this new
development is impacting wildlife habitats. However, a ray of hope for wildlife is a new Oregon
law that allows landowners to defer part of their property taxes if they choose to manage for
wildlife habitat. This new opportunity promises to be a real success story for landowners and
wildlife resources in the County.
Implementation of the new law required a real team effort. Rules were drafted by the Oregon
Department of Revenue (ODR) and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) to
administer the program. County commissioners and personnel in county planning and assessor's
offices needed to adopt the program and work to implement the new rules, in close coordination
with ODR and ODFW. Finally, consultants were needed to help landowners draft habitat
management plans for their property.
Management plans have been geared toward managing natural vegetation that already exists,
and then secondarily toward restoring natural vegetation in areas that have been converted to
other uses. Even with these primary guidelines, there is a lot of room for judgement calls by state
biologists and landowners who must cooperate to draw up a management plan. One of the most
important calls is a determination of what stage of plant succession should be managed for on the
property.
For example, mule deer are an important resource in Deschutes County, and significant areas
of the County are classed as mule deer winter ranges. Therefore, where properties fall within
winter range areas, early successional stages that favor young brush, grass, and for species that
produce the best deer forage are often suggested by state biologists as plan goals. These goals are
accomplished by removing young junipers, and by planting new bitterbrush and sage plants to
replace plants that are reaching the end of their productive life span.
wcument Reproduces
(Archived)
Small private ownership in Central Oregon showing the sage,
bitterbrush, and juniper plant communities.
W. i
The first plans were implemented in Deschutes County in 2000. Since then, Ecological
Services, Inc. biologists have worked with more than 40 landowners involving parcels ranging in
size between 10-80 acres.
This program has given landowners a rewarding new option for management of their small
acreage in central Oregon. Other deferment programs for agricultural or forestry are now joined
by a program that fosters management of wildlife resources that are enjoyed by many residents
and visitors.
Gary A. Hostick, Ecological Services, Inc., PO Box 1906, Sisters, Oregon 97759
Email: ghosticku~.orrtlcrtvnet.cor~~.
Contents
May 23, 2008
Douglas M. DuPriest
Hutchinson, Cox et al
777 High Street, # 200
Eugene, OR 97401
RE: Greater Sage Grouse And Proposed Mining In the Millican Valley
Dear Mr. DuPriest
You have asked me to review and comment on the information submitted by the
applicant related to the Greater Sage Grouse, especially the material submitted
by Gary Hostick.
Knowledge of the Site and Vicinity. I am personally familiar with the lek located
a mile and a quarter west of the proposed mining site. I have visited this lek on
various occasions. I am generally familiar with the vicinity as well. In addition to
Sage Grouse, Golden Eagle and Prairie Falcon are known to frequent this area.
Background. I have spent considerable time observing and surveying bird
activity in eastern Oregon habitats. I am a past board member of Oregon Field
Ornithologists. I designed and created the CD of the Oregon Breeding Bird Atlas,
published in 2001 (Adamus, P.R., K. Larsen, G. Gillson, and C.R. Miller. 2001.
Oregon Breeding Bird Atlas. Oregon Field Ornithologists, P.O. Box 10373,
Eugene, OR 97440). Compiling that survey was a five-year project during which
spent several days surveying avian breeding activity in habitat adjacent to that
of the proposed mine.
Status of Greater Sage Grouse Populations and Habitat. In recent years, the
status of Sage Grouse populations and habitat in the western U.S has been
extensively studied. In 2002 and 2003, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS) received petitions requesting that USFWS list the Sage Grouse as
endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In 2005, USFWS
decided not to list the species, but that decision was appealed. A federal court
subsequently found errors and sent the matter back to the agency.
This winter, USFWS announced it is conducting another status review of the
Greater Sage Grouse and asked for the submission of scientific information.
Federal Register, Vol. 73, No. 38 (February 26, 2008). The matter remains
under review. This continuing controversy exists because Greater Sage Grouse
populations and habitat have been declining. The issue being debated is "how
bad is bad".
Western Extent of Range. Bird populations and habitat are generally more
susceptible to adverse changes on the outer edges of their range. Most Greater
2
Sage Grouse populations are located east of Oregon. The western extent of
Greater Sage Grouse occupation is in Central Oregon. This includes the area
where the proposed mine is located. This fact gives some urgency to protecting
Greater Sage Grouse from further loss of habitat and other stresses that cause
population declines.
Timing of Mr. Hostick's Site Visit. Mr. Hostick's report dated May 18, 2004
states that he visited the site on May 14, 2004 from 8:50 a.m. to 1 p.m. He
traveled 4 transects on the Robinson and Sons property looking for evidence of
Burrowing Owl nests, Pygmy Rabbit den burrows and Sage Grouse leks.
Mr. Hostick's visit was conducted at the end of Sage Grouse mating season and
also a bit late in the day to observe Sage Grouse breeding displays. In this
vicinity, breeding displays generally end in early to mid-May and begin before
sunrise and are completed by 7:30 a.m.
Sage Grouse Habitat And Effects Of Mining. Mr. Hostick describes the habitat
on the site as being shrub-steppe, composed primarily of low-growing sagebrush,
rabbit brush and native bunchgrasses and forbs. His description of vegetation is
accurate.
Both sagebrush and forbs are eaten by Sage Grouse. Forbs are available in the
spring and sagebrush year-round. As the name suggests, Sage Grouse are
heavily dependent on sagebrush as a food source, especially during the summer
and early fall when it is dry.
Mr. Hostick acknowledges the proposed mining site contains habitat suitable for
Sage Grouse. I agree. Were the property to be mined, all of the area where soil
and rock would be removed, as well as the surrounding area used for processing
and stockpiling product, would be lost as Sage Grouse habitat.
Also, a significant area to the west, east and south of the proposed mine is
known Sage Grouse habitat (see Figure 12). As is explained in more detail
below, due to the additional noise, traffic, human activity and dust, Sage Grouse
would likely abandon a meaningful sized area outside of where mining activities
would occur. Sage Grouse would be adversely affected far beyond the boundary
of the subject property. The areas closest, say within Y2 mile would be most
greatly affected. Areas beyond that would be affected also.
No Lek Or Activity Observed on the Project Site. Regarding his search of
leks, the areas where breeding displays occur, Hostick states:
"It was also suggested that open areas in the vegetation that may have
been used by Sage Grouse as leks be searched for, and if found openings
should be inspected for signs of Sage Grouse. No further guidelines were
given as to what physical appearance a Sage Grouse lek area may have,
3
and one reference consulted did not give further guidelines (Marshall et al.
2003). Tracks, feathers, droppings, or other signs could indicate presence
of Sage Grouse on a suspected lek area, according to ODFW biologists."
May 18, 2004 Report, p. 3.
Hostick reports that he observed one area that he considered a possible lek area
due to its size and character, but found no conclusive evidence or specific sign of
Sage Grouse. Id., p. 4.
Despite Hostick's not observing sign of Sage Grouse, this property and the
vicinity is known to be used by Sage Grouse. This has been well documented by
BLM wildlife biologists. The Prineville District of BLM studied and recorded the
movements of Sage Grouse using radio-collars. Figure 12 of that study has
been previously submitted by Mr. Hostick. The BLM map shows that, in this
vicinity, Sage Grouse use the area located south of Highway 20 from Millican on
the east to Horse Ridge on the west.
The proposed mining site is located just south of state highway 20. According to
BLM data, a Sage Grouse nesting area is located less than a half a mile west of
the proposed mine site. Nesting areas are significant bird habitat. Locating a
mining operation about a half-mile from Sage Grouse nests would likely cause
the grouse to abandon this area for nesting.
Sage Grouse Are Highly Sensitive To Human Disturbance. Mr. Hostick
provides no data or discussion of the effects of mining on Sage Grouse.
However, Mr. Hostick does cite the local BLM biologist, Jenny Barnett, as a
source of information. In the same article Hostick cites, Barnett describes what
adversely affects Sage Grouse:
"Sage grouse are affected by anything that affects sagebrush-dominated
habitat. Impacts occur chiefly through loss, fragmentation, or degradation
of habitat. Habitat loss, primarily through conversion for agriculture, has
been implicated as a major factor in population declines throughout
portions of their range."
The effects the proposed mining operation would have on Sage Grouse include
loss of sagebrush habitat, fragmentation of habitat, and rendering nearby habitat
less desirable due to noise, dust and other human impacts. Human activities
near the project site may well already have adversely affected use of the existing
lek. Additional activity in the form of mining would only make the existing
problems worse.
I strongly disagree with Mr. Hostick's inference that the failure of government
wildlife biologists to comment on this proposed project is evidence they believe
the mining of this property would not adversely affect Sage Grouse on the project
or nearby. Their failure to respond more likely indicates they are simply occupied
4
with other pressing tasks. Based on activities known to adversely affect Sage
Grouse (including habitat destruction), there is no doubt that mining the property
would adversely affect Sage Grouse that use this area.
The county's Small Bird and Mammal Habitat (SBMH) overlay zone just protects
leks of Sage Grouse. It does not protect nearby Sage Grouse breeding or rearing
areas that may lie more than 1,320 feet from the lek. Breeding and rearing areas
are also significant for the life cycle of the Sage Grouse.
Sage Grouse Movement Patterns. Sage Grouse spend a large amount of time
on the ground foraging. Foraging movements are generally driven by where the
food is located and where disturbance is minimal. When disturbed, Sage Grouse
may fly a couple of hundred yards to an area of relative safety.
Nevertheless, Sage Grouse are capable of extended flights. This may occur, for
example, when Sage Grouse travel between leks and nesting areas. Unlike
foraging movements, these movements tend to be fairly direct ("as the crow
flies"). I understand the arrows on the BLM Figure 12 to indicate movements
between leks and nesting areas. Allowing a mine near known nesting areas
would discourage Sage Grouse from using the area near the mine for travel,
foraging breeding displays, nesting and rearing.
It is highly likely that mining activities on the subject property would adversely
affect important Sage Grouse breeding activities (lek use, nest use and rearing of
chicks). This is true even though the existing lek is more than a mile from the
mining site. Again, a known nesting area is located just a short distance west of
the subject property.
Sincerely,
Kit Larsen
2162 Kincaid St.
Eugene, OR 97405
DESCHUTES COUNTY HISTORICAL LANDMARKS COMMISSION
Meeting Minutes
Thursday, January 26, 2006
6:30 p.m.
Des Chutes Historical Center Library
129 NW Idaho Avenue
Bend, Oregon
1. Call to Order/Roll Call
Commissioners present: Chair Derek Stevens, Jean Nave, Barbara Smiley,
Richard Martinson, Don Stevens, Heidi Slaybaugh, Paul Clayssens, Nicole
Nathan, and Jon Sholes. Commissioner Sholes arrived at 6:45.
Commissioners absent: Jack Nelson, Dwight Smith, Steve Stenkamp
Staff present: Pat Kliewer, Associate Planner, and Angelika Brooks, Planning
Technician.
2. Consideration of minutes of December 8, 2005
Commissioner Slaybaugh pointed out her name was misspelled on Page 1,
under "Commissioners Present" and Jon Sholes was listed as absent, rather than
having arrived late.
It was moved and seconded (Don Stevens/Martinson) to accept the minutes of
December 8, as corrected.
3. General comments and questions from the public
None
4. Public Hearing
Bend Case File Number:
PZ 05-553 as amended January 19, 2006
Request:
Demolish a 464 square foot detached non-historic two-car
garage, demolish the historic non-contributing 2,125
square foot Gilbert and Madeline Moty House, construct a
new 310 square foot attached garage and construct a
3,838 square foot new house in the Tudor style.
Location:
493 NW State Street, Bend, OR 97701
Applicant:
Don Morissette, 4230 Galewood Street, Suite 100, Lake
Oswego, Oregon 97035
Historic Status:
Drake Park Neighborhood Historic District, Historic non-
contributing house and non-historic garage.
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes
January 26, 2006
Page 1 of 6
Historic Name: Gilbert and Madeline Moty House, also known as the First
Methodist Church Pastor's House, built 1940
Zone: RS
This application was not complete but, because a hearing had been scheduled,
the Commission took public comments. Attorney Liz Fancher and Brent Landels
were present to represent the applicant.
This application was denied previously and the applicant was instructed to return
with new drawings.
Commission member Don Stevens, Architect, 61085 Minaret Circle, excused
himself from the Commission for a conflict of interest. He is helping Morissette's
Portland design team with an exterior fagade that will meet the local historic
preservation code. He noted that in November, the Commission felt the design
presented at that time lacked a cohesive compatible style, the proposed height
was too great, and the house presented too much bulk. The revised design,
presented at this hearing, is a Tudor style with steep, peeked, overlapping roofs
and double casement windows. The existing north section had to remain single-
level due to setbacks. The applicant wanted to add a roll-out awning on the back
of the house and add 1 foot of height to the fence surrounding the property. The
final set of plans, to be submitted at a later date, would include a landscape plan.
Members of the Commission stated they would like to see a sample board of
materials, including a sample of the proposed stone to be used on the house.
The applicant was to also submit a rendering of the view down State Street
showing the house in relation to the other homes on the street.
Cheryl Parton, 515 NW Congress Street, stated she is a neighbor and was
disturbed by the request to demo the existing house. She added that she felt the
scale and design of the proposed house is out of character with the other homes
in the neighborhood. She did not feel that the variance request for the new
house should be allowed even though it was "do-able" according to City Code.
Douglas D. Knight, 504 Congress Street, stated that he agreed with Ms. Parton's
comments and added his concerns over drawing details which he felt were
lacking or needed modification.
Cindy Mayer, 652 NW Riverside Boulevard, also expressed concern over the
demolition of the existing house and added that she also felt the new house
would be too massive.
Brent Landels noted the proposed footprint would be 2000 square feet, the same
as the existing home.
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes
January 26, 2006
Page 2 of 6
Donna Pfeiffer, 708 NW Riverside Boulevard, commented that the applicant is
taking a smaller, non-contributing home and replacing it with one almost twice
the size.
Further discussion centered mainly on the mass of the proposed home with
some discussion centering on the type and color of stone to be used.
Commissioners stressed the proposed home should blend into the
neighborhood. It was again stressed that the applicant should take into account
the type and size of rock, provide drawings with reference points to show how the
structure would be situated and look in the streetscape.
The Commission took a 5 minute break.
4. Public Hearing
Deschutes County Case File Number: HLA-05-4
Request: Amend the Deschutes County Comprehensive Plan Chapter
23.208.040, Goal 5 Inventory-Historic and Cultural
Resources to add as a historic and cultural site named the
"Dry River Gorge at Horse Ridge" Archaeological Site,
Smithsonian Number 35DS47 Site 84. The County
Ordinance will be 2006-012.
Location: The location is in the vicinity of Horse Ridge. The applicant's
address and the exact location of this site are being kept
confidential according to laws that protect archaeological
sites.
Applicant: The applicants are the property owners. The site is located
on private property. The names of the applicants are being
kept confidential because knowing the names would allow
the public to determine the location of this site.
Chair Stevens stated this was a de novo, initial evidentiary hearing. He then
read the opening statement, stated the request and nature and purpose of the
hearing. After reviewing the procedures and opened the hearing.
Disclosure of ex parte contact/ Disclosure of personal knowledge: It was
noted that Jon Sholes visited the site many years ago. Jon Sholes stated he had
spoken with the applicants and frequented the area 40 years ago but would not
be influenced by this.
Challenge for bias, prejudgment or personal interest: None
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes
January 26, 2006
Page 3 of 6
Staff Report:
Kliewer noted this was the first application for an ordinance to add an
archeological site to any of the local Comprehensive Plans that she has
processed The proposal would add 5 acres of this parcel to the County
Comprehensive Plan List of Historical and Cultural Resources. She stressed the
Commission is charged with recommending whether this application meets the
necessary criteria to be added to the list, not in making a decision. The County
Council will make the decision on whether to add to site to the list.
Kliewer went on to say that the site is approximately 4 miles long and contains
various specific areas such as: cooking, living, burial, and healing. The
applicants also want to preserve Coyote Well, a shallow well on a basalt ledge.
Applicant's Presentation: Susan Grey, a member of the Archeological Society of
Central Oregon, presented photos of the site while providing a detailed
description of the various areas and incorporating historical facts of the site.
The owner Tammy Walker was also present and stated she would appreciate the
support and recommendation of the Commission. She stated her concern about
a proposed quarry in close proximity to the site and the effects blasting would
have on the site. She emphasized she did not want to take this site away from
the public; rather, she wanted to preserve it for the future. She noted that many
tribal members still use and frequent the site and many Indian school children
visit the site as well.
Commissioner Smiley asked what possible controversy there could be over the
applicant's wish to conserve this site. Kliewer responded that the question was
not so much controversy but the significance of the site. She added there are
over 1734 archaeological sites in Deschutes County; however, the County has
nothing in its Code or Comprehensive Plan to preserve archeological sites prior
to development in the area.
Opponents: None
Proponents: None
Commissioner Jon Sholes described his father and brother and himself visiting
the site in the 1950s and seeing the pictographs, finding arrowheads and seeing
desecrated opened graves.
The applicant had no rebuttal.
Chair Stevens closed the hearing and the Commission went into Deliberation.
During their deliberation, the Commission covered the following:
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes
January 26, 2006
Page 4 of 6
■ The applicants own 40 acres, 5 of which they are proposing to be
designated.
■ There are pictographs which could be ruined by development, blasting,
fertilizers, dust, ph changes, vibrations, vandals etc.
■ If this site were designated, its potential impact on the proposed quarry,
any future highway widening, future fiber optic cables, and other future
development would need to be considered.
■ The area the Commission would recommend for submittal would be a 5
acre area within Dry River Bed and 25 feet on either side. A better legal
description could be mapped on GIS or be established by a surveyor.
After additional discussion, it was moved and seconded (Martinson and Sholes)
to recommend to the Deschutes County Commissioners the addition of this site
to Goal 5. Motion passed unanimously.
6. Report on applications submitted by people offering to serve on the
Landmarks Commission as representatives from Sisters and Bend to fill
four expiring four-year terms.
Kliewer noted the Commission had five members whose terms were about to
expire:
➢ Nicole Nathan, Ex-officio, who had not applied to be reappointed
➢ Richard Martinson, who had filled Delight's term, had applied to be
reappointed
➢ Derek Stevens, whose term switched from County representative to City
representative, had applied for the city appointment.
➢ Don Stevens, whose term also switched from County representative to
City representative, had applied as well
➢ Dwight Smith, representing the City of Sisters, will not seek to be
reappointed.
In addition, the following individuals expressed interest in serving on the
Commission: Ken Cooper, Donna Pfeiffer, and Maureen Stapp. Barbara Ramen
and Nicole Nathan were told about the positions.
Kliewer noted there probably will not be a full Commission until April. She stated
she had written a draft of the contents of a display ad. It was emailed to the
Bend City Recorder. The City Recorder made changes to the ad and it did not
get published in time for the City Council to make appointments to the
Commission for the next meeting. She recommended waiting until March to hold
elections and work on goal setting.
The Commissioners discussed their role as a Commission and how it was
perceived by various city officials as an advisory committee. It was moved and
seconded (Don Stevens and Derek Stevens) to contact the State Historic
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes
January 26, 2006
Page 5 of 6
Preservation Office to clarify the Commission's role. Motion passed
unanimously.
7. Set date of next meeting
The next meeting was scheduled for the last Thursday in February, February 26.
Jean Nave asked to be excused at 9:30 p.m.
It was moved and seconded (Martinsen and Derek Stevens) to adjourn. The
meeting was adjourned at 9:30 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Angelika Brooks
Planning Technician
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes
January 26, 2006
Page 6 of 6
Z~l -yt
xewr+-S
DESCHUTES COUNTY HISTORICAL LANDMARKS COMMISSION
Serving Bend, Redmond, Sisters, and Deschutes County
Phone (541) 388-7927 pkliewer@ci.bend.or.us
Minutes
Thursday, April 19, 2007, 7 p.m.
Des Chutes Historical Center
129 NW Idaho Avenue, Bend, OR 97701
1. Call to Order/Roll Call
Chair Stevens called the meeting to order at 7:02 p.m. with 7 of 9 Commissioners present.
Commissioners Present: Chair Derek Stevens, Ken Cooper, Tony Dorsch, Richard Martinson,
Cherrie Schwartz, Jon Sholes, Melissa Abell and Barb Smiley
Commissioners Absent: Vice Chair Heidi Slaybaugh, Sisters Representative position (vacant)
Ex Officio Commissioners: Doug Knight
Staff Present: Pat Kliewer, Associate Planner, Cultural and Historic Resources; Cameron Prow,
TYPE-Write II
2. Elect a New Secretary
Chair Stevens said Commissioner Nave resigned on 4/16/07. As Secretary, her primary
duty was to preside over meetings and public hearings when the Chair and Vice Chair
were both absent and/or had a conflict of interest. He requested a motion to appoint a
new Secretary to serve for the remainder of Commissioner Nave's 2007 term.
Commissioner Dorsch suggested a lady in Redmond who would share his position as an
alternate. She is very interested in working with the Commission and could be a
candidate. He has discussed this idea with Redmond's mayor and Ms. Kliewer. Chair
Stevens pointed out that the Secretary must be a current Commissioner. The secretary is
usually someone who has served on the Commission at least a few years, is very familiar
with the four historic preservation codes and procedures, and knows how the Commission
operates.
Motion 1: It was moved and seconded (Cooper/Sholes) that Commissioner Smiley serve
as Secretary for the rest of 2007. The motion passed unanimously (7/0/0).
3. Appoint Temporary Chair for Public Hearing on Bend File No. PZ 07-179
Chair Stevens said a temporary chair was needed to preside over the above-referenced
public hearing since he had a conflict of interest and Vice Chair Slaybaugh was absent.
Though authorized in her new role as Secretary, Commissioner Smiley declined.
Motion 2: It was moved and seconded (Smiley/Sholes) that Commissioner Martinson
serve as temporary chair. The motion passed unanimously (7/0/0).
Ms. Prow asked the Commission to recognize Commissioner Knight who arrived at 7:05 p.m.
4. Visitors/Topics Not on Agenda - None
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes April 19, 2007- Page 1 of 15
t' _ f
down the road.
Motion 5: It was moved and seconded (Sholes/Smiley) to continue the hearing to 5/24/07,
leaving the written record open for 10 days and allowing 7 days after that for Applicants'
written response. The motion passed (5/0/1), with Commissioners Cooper, Martinson,
Schwartz, Sholes, and Smiley voting in favor and Chair Stevens abstaining due to his
stated conflict of interest.
7. Archaeological Site at Horse Ridge
Kliewer introduced Susan Gray, past president of the Archaeological Society of Central Oregon,
as a resource person. Ms. Gray, Ms. Kliewer, Ms. Prow, and Commissioners Schwartz, Sholes,
and Slaybaugh attended a 4/15/07 field trip to this site. Ms. Gray presented a notebook
containing documentation relevant to this site including photographs of pictographs. She
offered to lead another tour to this site for Commissioners who missed the last one.
In the 1980s, the State required people to identify cultural sites which are typically, but not
always, Native American. Once identified, these sites had to be protected. Without the historic
preservation code for guidance, the State required an ESEE (Economic, Social, Environmental,
and Energy) analysis to identify conflicting uses and the consequences of preserving the site.
A year ago, the Landmarks Commission determined that the Horse Ridge archaeological site
and Coyote Well qualified as significant cultural resources and recommended that the Board of
County Commissioners adopt the findings and add them to the County Comprehensive Plan.
County staff has now requested an ESEE analysis because County code does not list criteria
for protecting archaeological sites. In Ms. Kliewer's written response in February 2006, she
informed County staff that the ESEE analysis was not required, since the County has to follow
Federal and State laws regarding protection of archaeological sites. County staff did not agree.
She reported a phone conference with Tammy Walker (co-owner with her husband of the
property on which the Horse Ridge archaeological site is located) and Catherine Morrow
(principal planner for Deschutes County and a third planner). Ms. Morrow requested
Commissioner feedback on which uses would cause adverse impacts and which ones wouldn't.
Ms. Kliewer explained how the conflict analysis is done, reading aloud the code criteria and her
recommendations. The following uses are "permitted" under the current zoning: farming; forest;
mineral exploration; accessory buildings; climbing and passing lanes from the right-of-way;
modification of public roads and highways; temporary public route or highway detour; creation,
restoration, and enhancement of wetlands; alteration, restoration, or replacement of already-
established building; and wildlife habitat conservation management plan. "Conditional" uses
allowed included more dwellings, more homes, hardship dwellings, commercial activity in
conjunction with farm use, exploration mining, geothermal resources, exploration and extraction
of natural gas or oil, surface mining of mineral aggregate resources, parks, playgrounds,
hunting, fishing, campgrounds, transmission towers up to 200 feet tall, airplane landing strips
and hangars, and home occupations.
Commissioners expressed concerns about the type of "permitted" and "conditional" uses
allowed on archaeological sites, the State's opinion, age of pictographs on the site, architectural
elements on the site, use by Native Americans as a religious site, avoiding all activities around
Native American burial sites, allowing a rock quarry, and status of nominating this site for the
National Register of Historic Places (per Ms. Gray, the site has been approved as "eligible for
listing on the National Register"). Chair Stevens suggested adding "keep site address
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes April 19, 2007- Page 14 of 15
confidential" language to all communications about archaeological sites including this one.
Following extensive discussion, Ms. Kliewer said she would e-mail the staff report along with a
list of uses that would have positive and negative impacts to the site. Commissioner Schwartz
volunteered to help.
8. Commissioner Announcements
Commissioner Knight said that Tony King's $300,000 Measure 37 claim regarding the negative
impact of historic district designation was shot down by Bend City Council on 4/18/07. He
commended Senior Planner Heidi Kennedy for the quality of her staff report on this issue. He
promised to e-mail a copy of the report to Chair Stevens.
Chair Stevens reported that Vice Chair Slaybaugh is joining his company, Yankee Design, as
an in-house designer which may require appointment of a temporary chair on issues where both
of them have conflicts of interest.
Ms. Kliewer introduced Melissa Abell, who will be sharing responsibility with
Commissioner Dorsch in representing the City of Redmond. Commissioner Dorsch has
a schedule conflict with Thursday night meetings due to band practice. Ms. Abell will be
a voting member starting at the May meeting, since she attended tonight and heard all
testimony in the Welborn hearing.
Ms. Kliewer reminded Commissioners that Long-Range Planning Manager Brian Shetterly and
City Sign Technician Kim Voos had attended the 3/22/07 Commission meeting. Mr. Shetterly
thought the meeting was exceptionally well run and was impressed with how Commissioner
comments addressed the historic code.
9. Next Meeting
Following discussion about a conflict between the Commission's usual 3rd Thursday meeting
night and the date of the May COAS meeting, Commissioners agreed by consensus to schedule
their next meeting for Thursday, May 24, 2007.
10. Adjourn
Motion 6: It was moved and seconded (Cooper/Sholes) that the Commission adjourn.
The motion passed unanimously (6/0/0) and the meeting was adjourned at 10:55 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Pat Kliewer
Associate Planner, Cultural and Historic Resources
City of Bend Community Development Department
Deschutes County Historical Landmarks Commission Minutes April 19, 2007- Page 15 of 15
Tue, May 27, 2008 10:56 AM
Subject: Fw: SHPO Update
Date: Saturday, May 24, 2008 4:34 PM
From: Tammie Walker <tammiew@mtaonline. net>
To: Douglas DuPriest <dupriest@eugene-law.com>
Conversation: SHPO Update
Doug:
I'm forwarding this email, it's from Elizabeth Budy - the archelogisit
mapping and documenting the canyon for the historical register.
Tammie Walker
PO Box 871124
Wasilla, AK 99687
(907) 357-7108
Original message
From: "Tammie Walker" <tammiew@mtaonline.net>
To: "Zack Mittge" <zmittge@eugene-law.com>
Sent: Sunday, May 18, 2008 8:24 PM
Subject: Fw: SHPO Update
> Tammie Walker
> PO Box 871124
> Wasilla, AK 99687
> (907) 357-7108
> Original Message
> From: "Elizabeth Budy" <elizabethbudy@yahoo.com>
> To: "Susan Gray" <s_gray@bendbroadband.com>; "Tammera Walker"
> <tammiew@mtaonline.net>
> Cc: "liz budy" <elizabethbudy@yahoo.com>
> Sent: Friday, November 16, 2007 8:05 AM
> Subject: SHPO Update
Hi Susan and Tammera,
»
This is just to give you a quick note on my meeting
with SHPO on Tuesday. I met with both Dennis Griffen
(archaeology side) and Ian Johnson (National Register
side) and received some very good and specific input.
One very important point is that they are both very
eager to have the site nominated, and both feel it is
truly worth nominating.
Topics included site integrity (agreed it is good);
site boundaries (may have this clear now); photographs
(very specific guidelines provided, but must be
black-and-white, overall simpler than previously
thought); need for extensive source documentation
using footnotes (research); changes in the National
Register regarding addressing the criteria (Ian
recommended using C and D but include A as
background).
>7
Page 1 of 2
This may be more information than you really want to
hear, but I thought it would give you an idea of
progress. In short, SHPO is very supportive!
Regards,
Liz Budy
541-885-8412
Page 2 of 2
mhtmlmain: 5/27/08 10:55 AM
An eamil from Susan showing the exiting uses for the canyon.
Tammie Walker
PO Box 871124
Wasilla, AK 99687
(907) 357-71.08
Original Message
From: <s gray@bendbroadband.com>
To: <tammi.ew@mtaonline.net>
Sent: Wednesday, August 03, 2005 1:58 PM
Subject: Burns Paiute visit
> Hi Tammie: Minerva has 12 people lined up to come on the 16th to
> visit your rock art. I have asked the three archaeologists
> (Claeyssens, Zancanella, and Gregory) but of the three, I would only
> expect Paul C. to be unencumbered by politics enough to be able to
> come. Also, I asked Minerva if I should ask Wilson and she said no,
> this visit is for the Burns Paiute people only. She would like
> someone to talk to them about the history of the place and measures
> to keep it safe, which I think I can handle just fine. I told her I
> would ask Pat Kliewer too so that she can share her perspective on
> the county's role in all this (even tho she's a city person now).
> Arlene and I have a work session at my house scheduled for Friday
> morning. If you want to see what she's all about, her website is:
> www.thegrantplant.com. Her resume is there too.
> I'll keep you apprised. Susan
Tammie Walker
PO Box 871124
Wasilla, AK 99687
(907) 357-7108
mhtmlmain: Page 1 of 1
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
The upper Deschutes Basin is among the fastest growing regions in Oregon. The rapid
Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
In Cooperation with the Oregon Water Resources Department; the Cities of Bend, Redmond, and Sisters; Deschutes and
Jefferson Counties; and the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon
Skin site navigation
bar and go to main
con tent
Obiective
Approach
Data
Glossary
Publications
Related Links
Skip main content
and go to external
links
population growth has been accompanied by increased demand for water. Surface streams,
however, have been, administratively closed to additional appropriation for many years, and
surface water is not !generally available to support new development. Consequently, ground
water is being relied upon to satisfy the growth in water demand.
i
The growing reliance on ground water, and the
increased development of the resource, has raised
concerns among basin residents, water users, and
natural resource agencies. The most common
questions pertain tolthe capacity of the resource to
accommodate increased use and the potential for
ground-water pumping to diminish streamflow. A
secondary concern is the possible consequence of
lining irrigation can to reduce their substantial
leakage. Reducing canal leakage could result in the
lowering of the water table in certain areas.
http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes-gw/index.html
View full-sized study-area map:
JPEG I Layered PDF (1.2 MB)
The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study of the ground-water system of the upper
Deschutes Basin to develop a quantitative understanding of the regional hydrology and
provide tools to allow resource managers and basin residents to evaluate the possible
effects of various development scenarios. The study was conducted in cooperation with the
Oregon Water Resources Department; the Cities of Bend, Redmond, and Sisters; Deschutes
and Jefferson Counties; and the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of
Oregon. The study resulted in five USGS publications as well as several abstracts and
other miscellaneous publications.Go back to site navigation barGo to external links
Y
A M117 Z37- 7
1 of 2 5/28/08 2:46 PM
OREGON WATER SCIENCE CENTER
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or. water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/index. html
u
Crooked River Canyon from the old highway
bridge at Peter Skene Ogden Wayside
Oregon Water Science Center Studies Page
Oregon Water Science Center Home Page
Contact: Marshall Gannett
U.S. Department of the Interior I U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/index.html
Maintainer: Oregon Webteam
Last modified Monday, May 2, 2005 at 13:54 EDT
Privacy Statement • Disclaimer • FOIA • Accessibility
f so ence.gov '`.'IRSTGOV
2 of 2 5/28/08 2:46 PM
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs-dir/deschutes-gw/objectives.html
Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
Objective
Skip site navigation
The objective of this study was to provide a quantitative understanding of the
bar and go to main
ground-water hydrology in the Middle Deschutes Basin in order to provide
contentHome
resource managers, planners, and the general public the best information
available with which to make decisions. Specifically, this information includes:
Objective
a compilation of basic ground-water data, a description of the geologic
framework of the regional flow system, a quantitative description of the flow
Approach
system including estimation of the hydrologic budget, an evaluation of
ground-water/surface water relationships, an analysis of the effects of present
Data
canal leakage, and development of the capability to estimate of the effects of
present and future development on ground-water levels and streamflow.Go
Glossary
back to site navigation barGo to external links
Publications
Related LinksSkip
main content and go
to external links
Oregon Water Science Center Studies Page
Oregon Water Science Center Home Page
Contact: Marshall Gannett
U.S. Department of the Interior I U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/objectives.html
Maintainer: Oregon Webteam
Last modified Friday, March 25, 2005 at 17:26 EST
Privacy Statement • Disclaimer • FOIA • Accessibility
1 of 1 5/28/08 2:46 PM
OREGON WATER SCIENCE CENTER
r
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs-dir/deschutes-gw/approach.htmi
Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
Approach
Skin site navigation
bar and go to main The study was conducted in two phases:
contentHome
Phase I included the characterization of the hydrogeologic framework using
Obiective
surface geologic maps and lithologic data from wells. This phase also included
estimation of the rates and distribution of recharge to the aquifer system from
Approach
precipitation (using a mass-balance approach), canal leakage, and deep
percolation of irrigation water applied to fields. Discharge from the aquifer
Data
system to streams was estimated using streamflow records and gain-loss
measurements. Discharge to wells was estimated using pumping records,
Glossary
analysis of satellite imagery (for identification of crop areas and types), and
water-right information. Water-level elevation maps were created using water
Publications
levels measured in wells precisely located in the field. The last part of phase I
consisted of construction and calibration of a steady-state numerical flow
Related LinksSkip
model.
main content and eo
to external links
Phase II of the study involved construction and calibration of a transient
ground-water flow model. The models can be used to test various future
ground-water development scenarios and canal lining scenarios, particularly
with regard to their effects on regional ground-water levels and streamflow.Go
back to site navigation barGo to external links
Oregon Water Science Center Studies Page
Oregon Water Science Center Home Page
Contact: Marshall Gannett
U.S. Department of the Interior I U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/approach.html
Maintainer: Oregon Webteam
Last modified Friday, March 25, 2005 at 17:24 EST
Privacy Statement • Disclaimer • F01A • Accessibility
1 of 1 5/28/08 2:46 PM
OREGON WATER SCIENCE CENTER
i
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs-dir/deschutes-gw/data.html
Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
Data
Skip site navigation
bar and 20 to main
contentHome
Objective
Approach
Data
Glossary
Publications
Related LinksSkip
main content and go
to external links
Lone-term observation wells (real-time; 2 in Deschutes Basin)
Oregon Water Resources Department well data (may require plugin)
USGS real-time streamflow data for the Deschutes Basin
Bureau of Reclamation Deschutes Project water data
Go back to site navigation barGo to external links
Oregon Water Science Center Studies Page
Ore,2on Water Science Center Home Page
Contact: Marshall Gannett
U.S. Department of the Interior I U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/data.html
Maintainer: Oregon Webteam
Last modified Thursday, March 10, 2005 at 16:14 EST
Privacy Statement • Disclaimer • F01A • Accessibility
1 of 1 5/28/08 2:46 PM
OREGON WATER SCIENCE CENTER
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs-dir/deschutes-gw/pubs.htmi
Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
Publications
1 of 4 5/28/08 2:46 PM
OREGON WATER SCIENCE CENTER
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/pubs.html
Skin site navigation USGS Publications
bar and izo to main
contentHome The report Ground-water and water-chemistry data for the Upper Deschutes
Basin, Ore on, provides much of the raw hydrologic data collected during the
Obiective study. It includes tabulated information for more than 1,500 field-inventoried
water wells, hydrographs showing water-level fluctuations for 102 wells, and
Approach water-chemistry data for 26 wells, 7 springs, and 5 surface-water sites.
Data
Glossary
Publications
Related LinksSki
main content and go
to external links
An analysis of the major ion and isotope chemistry of ground water in the
basin is provided in the report Chemical study of regional ground-water fl.
water chemistry is used to help constrain the
ground-water flow.
of regional
The
The geologic factors controlling the occurrence and movement of ground
water in the basin are described in the report Geologic Framework of the
Regional Ground-Water Flow System in the Upper Deschutes Basin. This
report describes the geologic history and stratigraphy of the basin, and the
resulting regional permeability distribution. It provides the geologic context
for the discussion of ground-water flow in other reports.
The regional ground-water hydrology is described in Ground-Water
Hydrology of the Upper Deschutes Basin. Oregon. This report describes the
quantitative understanding of the regional ground-water flow system including
the rate and distribution of recharge, flow directions (head distribution),
ground-water/surface-water interaction, discharge, and the response to stresses.
The hydrologic understanding of the basin is synthesized and a numerical flow
model is described in the report Simulation of Regional Ground-Water Flow in
the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon. The report describes numerical model
construction, steady-state and transient calibration, and example simulations of
pumping and canal-lining scenarios.
Articles
Hydrologic, geochemical, and isotope data are combined to develop a
conceptual model that is used to explain the influence of ground water on the
surface-water hydrology in the following contribution to a larger monograph
on the hydrology of the Deschutes River.
Gannett, M.W., Manga, Michael, and Lite, K.E., Jr., 2003,
nyarotoQy or the upper Uescntues basin and its influence on streamflow: in
O'Connor, J.E., and Grant, G.E. eds., A Peculiar River Geology,
geomorphology, and hydrology of the Deschutes River, Oregon: American
Geophysical Union Water Science and Application 7, p. 31-49.
This entire monograph can be obtained through the American Geophysical
Union: http://www.a2u_org/.
A field trip guide (below) was written for the 2002 meeting of the Cordilleron
Section of the Geological Society of America and was published by the Oregon
Department of Geology and Mineral Industries:
Sherrod, D.R., Gannett, M.W., and Lite, K.E., Jr., 2002, Hydrogeology of the
upper Deschutes Basin , central Oregon A wig basin adjacent to the
Cascade volcanic arc: in Moore , G.E., ed., Field guide to geologic processes in
Cascadia: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Special Paper
36, p. 109-144.
2 of 4 5/28/08 2:46 PM
USGS D-eschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs-dir/deschutes-gw/pubs.htmI
This collection of field trip guides can be obtained from the Oregon
Department of Geology and Mineral Industries:
http://www.oregongeologv.com/.
Abstracts
In addition to the reports and articles, several abstracts prepared for scientific
meetings and conferences have been published:
Gannett, M.W., Lite, K.E., Jr., and La Marche , J.L., 2003, Temporal and
spatial variations in ground-water discharge to streams in the Cascade Range
Oregon , and implications for water management in the Klamath Basin [abs]:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, GSA National
Meeting, Seattle , November 2003.
Gannett, M. W., and Lite, K.E., 2000, Climate-driven fluctuations in hydrauli
head and groundwater discharge to streams in the upper Deschutes Basin
Oregon [abs]: Eos, v. 81, n. 48, p. 531.
Lite, K. E., Gannett, M. W., and Burgel, L.E., 2000, Mitigating the effects of
Groundwater development on streamflow in the upper Deschutes Basin
Oregon [abs]: Eos, v. 81, n. 48, p. 529.
Gannett, M. W., and Lite, K. E., Jr., 1999, Simulation of regional
ground-water flow in a young volcanic terrane using inverse methods [abs]:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, n. 7, p. A-86.
Gannett, M. W., and Lite, K. E., Jr., 1999, The use of numerical models in
coniunctive use management in the Upper Deschutes Basin Oregon labs]:
Proceedings of the National Ground Water Association Pacific Northwest Focus
Ground Water Conference, Portland , Oregon , February 17-19, 1999.
Lite, K.E. Jr., and Gannett, M.W., 1999,
Proceedings of the National Ground Water Association Pacific Northwest Focus
Ground Water Conference, Portland, Oregon, February 17-19, 1999.
Ferns, M. L., Lite, K. E., Jr., and Clark, M. D., 1996,
Billy C:lunook, central Oregon Iabs.l: Geological Society of America Abst
with Programs, v. 28, n. 5, p. 65.
Gannett, M.W., and Lite, K.E. Jr., 1996, Hvdrogeologv of regional
ground-water flow in the middle Deschutes Basin central Oregon labs]:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 28, n. 5, p. 66.
Gannett, M.W., Morgan, D.S., and Lite, K.E. Jr., 1996,
Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the upper Deschutes Basin central
Oregon labs]: EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, v. 77, n.
46, p. F-265.
Gates, S.M., and Gannett, M.W., 1996,
P.
Society of America Abstracts with Programs v. 28, n.
Lite, K.E. Jr., and Gannett, M.W., 1996, Developing models for quantitative
3 of 4 5/28/08 2:46 PM
USGS Deschutes Basin Ground-Water Study
http://or. water.usgs. gov/proj s_dir/deschutes_gw/pubs.htmi
basin, central Uregon labs I: EOS, Transactions of the American
Union, v. 77, n. 46, F-248.
Gannett, M.W., and Lite, K.E. Jr. 1995, Effects of climate stream
irrigation canal seepage on groundwater levels in the middle Descf
Oregon fabsl: Oregon Section, American Institute of Hydrology 1
Ashland , Oregon .
Lite, K.E. Jr., and Gannett, M.W., 1995, Factors controlling season
long-term ground-water level variations in the middle Deschutes B
-abs : Proceedings of the Oregon Academy of Science, v. XXXII.
Go back to site navigation barGo to external links
ysical
Basin,
meeting,
Oregon Water Science Center Studies Page
Oregon Water Science Center Home Page
Contact: Marshall Gannett
U.S. Department of the Interior I U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://or.water.usgs.gov/projs_dir/deschutes_gw/pubs.html
Maintainer: Oregon Webteam
Last modified Thursday, March 10, 2005 at 17 16 EST
Privacv Statement • Disclaimer • FOIA • Accessibility
4 of 4 5/28/08 2:46 PM
.MV,I~W2008 10:22P FROM:CLAY & TAMMIE WALKER 9073577108 TO:15413438693 P.7`7
Page 1 of 2
Tammie Walker
From: "Marshall Gannett' <mgannettQusgs.gov>
To: <tammiewQmtaonllne.net>
Sent: Tuesday, August 02, 2005 1:10 PM
Subject: Ground Water
Dear Tammic,
I looked at the well log data base and didn't find many water wells
within a few miles of your place. The closest wells for which there is
information are miles to the southeast near Millican, or to the
northwest. Ground-water information is pretty sparse in your area.
There are, however, a few things we do know. Between Millican and the
lower end of Dry Canyon the regional water-table surface slopes steeply
toward the northwest. The water table is 300 to 400 feet below ground
level in the Millican Area and around 1000 feet below ground level below
the canyon (for example at the Highway Maintenance Station). A tritium
analysis done by the USGS in the 1990s shows that the water produced
from your well was recharged prior to atmospheric nuclear bomb testing
in the early 1950s, indicating it is deep regional ground water and
relativaly old. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope data indicate that the water
is recharged in the high desert to the east, suggesting it may be slow
to recharge relative to the western parts of the basin that receive
recharge from the Cascade Range.
In between Millican and the lower end of Dry Canyon, there may be some
small, perched aquifers, like that feeding the Coyote well below your
house. Any perched zones are likely fed by local recharge and would not
likely support any significant pumping.
A quarry at the location you described would probably have to drill over
1000 feet to get water and would likely produce from the same depth as
your house well. There is not enough information to predict whether or
not such a use could affecVour house well, or what affect (if any) it
would have on the aquifer. If the quarry is developed, it would be
prudent to monitor the aquifer.
The results of our study in the Deschutes Basin can be found on our web
site: http://or,waterusgs.gov/pro_j/deschutesw/ The reports can be
found under "publications" on the home page. The report that would
likely be of most interest can be found at:
bttp.-Hor.watermsgs.goy/.pubs dir/WRIR00-4162/
I hope this information is useful. Don't hesitate to contact me if you
have additional questions.
Sincerely,
8/8/2005
2006 10:23P FROM:CLAY & TAMMIE WALKER 9073577108 TO:15413438693 P.4'
Page 2 of 2
Marshall Gannett
U.S. Geological Survey
Oregon Water Science Center
10615 S.E. Cherry Blossom Drive
Portland, Oregon 97216
Marshall Gannett
tel: (503) 251-3233
fax: (503) 251-3470
email: mgannetta@usgs.gov
8/8/2005
MAY-26-2008 10:25P FROM:CLAY & TAMMIE WALKER 9073577108 TO:15413438693 P.7,7
Page 1 of 1
Tammie Walker
From: "Larry Chitwood" <lchitwood@fs.fed.us>
To: <tammiew@mtaonllne.net>
Sent: Friday, April 15, 2005 2:43 PM
Subject: Sound in layer of cold air
Tammie,
This is a follow-up to our discussion this morning (15 Apr 05) about the
effect of a layer of cold air on how far sound can travel.
The volcanic ash soils of central Oregon, especially those from the
7700-year-old eruption of Mt. Mazama, have an unusually low density due to
the fact that they're largely made of small pieces of pumice ("volcanic
styrofoam"). The low density allows these soils to rapidly cool down when
the sun goes down and when no clouds are in the sky. These soils radiate
their heat into outer space. The overlying air loses its heat to the soil
and every night develops a cold layer that hugs the ground. The layer can
be a few feet to tens of feet thick. When the sun comes up, the soil heats
and the cold air layer disappears.
Sounds made within the cold layer tend to stay in the cold layer due to
reflection of sound along the top of the cold layer. The effect is that
sound travels much further over the land than when no cold layer exists.
(In mathematical terms, sound attenuates proportional to roughly the square
of the distance in the cold layer, but attenuates proportional to roughly
the cube of the distance with no cold layer.)
Larry
++=++--1-+=++_++=
Larry Chitwood, Geologist, Deschutes National Forest, Bend, OR 97701
lchitwood&s.fed.us, Phone (541) 383-5618, FAX (541) 383-5531
8/8/2005
co
O
O
M
Ul)
O
ti
O
O
N
P
P
L
V
N
d
L
V
C
4)
CL
N
d
(Q
C
V
L
C
LL
C
C
V
L
D
C
3
7
0
.0
.n
m ~2
N
0)
~
00
M
r
C O
cu
N E
O
p 0
C r w
O
N
N 10 r
C
O
o
C
N CV
V
N
O
3
3
>C
0
N
> m
0
0
N
0
O
r
O
0
O
d'
r
O
N
r
O
O
O
00
0
cd
0
v
0
N
O
O
O
O
O
M
O
O
O
N
r
d
H
w
O
d
O
m
r+
C
d
V
L
d
a
(09£-0) saaJ6aa w uOllowla pulm
The data set for the chart titled Wind Direction For Millican Valley at Spencer Wells
Quarry consists of 55,269 data points recorded at 5-minute intervals. As of 5/30/08 the
percentage of time at wind directions is as follows:
• 0-45 degrees = 18.0%
• 45-90 degrees = 12.8%
J °
• 90-135 degrees= 16.7
• 135-180 degrees = 18.0%
• 180-225 degrees = 6.7%
o
S'
• 225-270 degrees = 3.7%
• 270-315 degrees = 12.1 %
• 315
360 d
4
9
1
N
"
-
egrees = 12.0%
-
G
' ~
a
May 27, 2008
To: Deschutes County Board of Commissioners
From: Keith and Janet Nash
Evans Well Ranch
25700 Spencer Wells Rd
Bend, OR 97701
Re: Issues on Remand
PA-04-8/ZC-04-6
4R Equipment,
Spencer Wells Quarry
The State Of Oregon Land Use Board of Appeals (LUBA) sustained an
assignment of error regarding the mine's potential conflicts with our agricultural
operation, Evans Well Ranch. LUBA sustained two separate issues regarding
our ranch: first, whether the impact area should be expanded to include our
ranch, and second, if the impacts of the mine would significantly increase the
cost of, or force a change in accepted farming practices.
We do not feel applicants proposed finding adequately addresses these
problems, and needs further revision.
Issue One: Impact area
DCC 18.56.020 requires surface mining impacts area (SMIA) combining zone to
extend one half mile from the boundary of the property. Applicants state only
one 40-acre parcel of the grazing pasture abuts the subject property. Technically
correct, but the adjacent private property is not fenced, and has been grazed in
conjunction with the allotment. And the impact zone is one half mile, reaching
further into our allotment.
This same impact zone of one half mile would also encompass part of a grazing
allotment belonging to Malott Ranches. Prevailing winds would also carry dust
and noise onto the allotment belonging to David Roth, which begins at Ford
Road. These allotments have monetary value, directly affecting the value of the
ranch to which they are attached.
Applicants attempt to limit our affected portion to only the 40 acres abutting the
mine property. In the Dec 27, 2006 decision, the commissioners identified
potential conflicts with Evans Well Ranch "would include noise, dust, traffic,
vibrations, water draw down, visual impacts and quality of life." All of these
conflicts would occur in the half-mile impact zone, and have not been addressed
in the proposed finding.
Issue Two: LUBA States; "...the county must explain in its findings why it
believes, despite that testimony, that the proposed mining will not result in
"significant potential conflicts" with respect to Evans Well Ranch.
The testimony LUBA refers to is included here, from our Sept 1, 2005 testimony:
"All the commercial ranches in the Millican Valley are a combination of private
land and land leased from the federal government, both BLM and Forest Service.
As such, they are highly regulated by these agencies. Parts of these regulations
govern percentage of utilization. Graziers are expected to manage cattle to
achieve uniform use in a pasture, not to exceed 33-40% use of available feed.
this utilization
The remainder is left for wildlife and regrowth. Our
ecord by around
excellent averages
25%, a light grazing before moving on. We achieve careful placement of salt and water, and by monitoring. If cattle avoid one part of
a pasture, they overuse another. Our range technician would note this fact and
request we make adjustments to correct it. The source of the stress wouldn't
matter-noise, dusty feed, blasting vibrations, we would be charged with the
correction. This adjustment could be a lower stocking rate, causing us to
find/lease/use another pasture."
We also provided data outlining economic consequences.
This past winter, our predictions were proven true. BLM reduced our season of
use in the Flat Pasture (adjoins the mine) to a mere 4 weeks. We had used that
pasture up to 3 or 4 months in the past. After negotiation, we were able to use
the pasture for 6 weeks(see attached correspondence). The reason given was
that the pasture was of "critical importance" to wintering sage grouse. Combined
with the impacts of other uses in the valley, BLM felt compelled to mitigate were
they could-our allotment. This reduction has caused hardship and adjustments
to our winter program. pasture That has, on private land, a water source that
sewhere without new development.
does not freeze. It could ld not be duplicated a
A significant cost, and further destruction of habitat.
In a similar vein, our.cattle were harassed by dove hunters at water sets last
September. The morning and evening discharge of shotguns was enough to
scare the cattle off water for long periods of time. The net result was weaning
weights that declined by an average of 25 lbs. A direct cost to us of $7,000. And
a decline in the health of our herd heading into a long winter.
Winter blasting at the mine could have a similar effect. What compensation is 4R
proposing?
In closing, applicant has not answered LUBA's remand .
Sincerely,
Keith and Janet Nash
Form 4130-3a
(April 2002)
1UNxTTED' SIATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
GRAZING APPLICATION
IF CHANGED RETURN BY JANUARY 09, 2008
NASH KEITH & JANET
215700 SPENCER WELLS
BEND OR 97701
f UMrvl Fkrrrw-
OMB N0. 1004-0041
Expires: March 31, 2008
5-rATE OR
OFFICE 056
AUTH NUMBER 3605546
PREFERENCE CODE 03
DATE PRINTED 01,03/2008
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
DESCHUTES RA
3050 NE 3RD STREET
PRINEVILLE OR 97754
INSTRUCTIONS: DO NOT RETURN THIS FORM UNLESS YOU ARE REQUESTING CHANGES. This application restates terms
and condir;ons from your BLM grazing. permit. Grazing bills will be based on these schedules unless you
request changes which are subsequently approved by the BLM. To request changes: edit the schedules and
then sign and return the form by the date shown above. A service charge will be assessed for changes
which require a reissue of a grazing bill. Contact your local BLM office at 541-416-6700 if you have
questions.
MANDATORY TERMS AND
CONDITIONS
LIVESTOCK
ALLOTMENT
PASTURE
NUMBER KIND
SCHEDU
NUMBER: 1
LE
360
05208
-
BARLOW CAVE
SOUTH
15tr CATTLE
05208
BARLOW CAVE
NORTHWEST
50 CATTLE
05208
BARLOW CAVE
NORTHEAST
-e¢J0. 50 CATTLE
15210
HORSE, RIDGE
FLAT
~ CATTLE
,
152'10
HORSE RIDGE
STOOKE`( FLAT
149 CATTLE
15210
HORSE RIDGE
HORSE RIDGE
149 CATTLE
15210
HORSE RIDGE
EVANS WELL
149 CATTLE
15210
HORSE. RIDGE
SPENCER
149 CATTLE
15210
HORSE RIDGE
GOLDEN BASIN
149 CATTLE
GRAZING PERIOD TYPE USE AUMS
BEGIN END PL
61-
IIG/01/08
x/31/08
89
ACTIVE
1- ,Jt
136
03/01/08
02/28/09
100
ACTIVE
600
03/01/08
02/28/09
100
ACTIVE
600 rZ -l
11/01/08
/08
66
ACTIVE
125 K~
03/01/08
02/28/09
93
ACTIVE
1663
03/01/08
02/28/09
93
ACTIVE
1663
03/01/08
02/28/09
99
ACTIVE
1770
03/01/08
02/28/09
91
ACTIVE
1627
03/01/08
02/28/09
79
ACTIVE
1413
OTHER TERMS AND CONDITIONS:
SCHED NO
-----1
THE PERMITTEE MAY FEED PROTEIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
ON PUBLIC LAND, INCLUDING HAY.
THE PERMITTEE MAY BE REQUIRED TO REMOVE CATTLE FROM THE FLAT
PASTURE PRIOR TO THE DATE SCHEDULED IF UTILIZATION LEVEL EXCEEDS 30%.
ALLOT NO
LESSEES/PERMITTEES ARE REQUIRED TO SUBMIT ACTUAL USE GRAZING RECORDS
WITHIN 15 DAYS OF COMPLETION OF THE YEARS GRAZING USE.
SALTING OF LIVESTOCK. WITHIN ONE-QUARTER MILE OF WATER IS
PROHIBITED. SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING OF LIVESTOCK ON PUBLIC LANDS IS
PROHIBITED WITHOUT PRIOR AUTHORIZATION FROM THE BLM.
LESSEES/PERMITTEES.ARE REQUIRED.TO MAINTAIN ALL RANGE IMPROVEMENTS
FOR WHICH THEY HAVE MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITIES.
LESSE=ES/FERMITTEES ARE TO PROVIDE REASONABLE ACCESS ACROSS PRIVATE u
AND LEASED LANDS 1-0 THE BLM FOR THE ORDERLY MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION
OF THE PUBLIC LANDS AS ALLOWED IN 43 CFR 4130.3-2(H).
Brooke J
Anderson/PRFO/OR/BLM/D
OI
10/19/2007 10:04 AM
Hi Janet and Keith,
To Evanswellranch@yahoo.com
cc
bcc
Subject Grazing Agreement for Flat Pasture
I was going through, straightening my past notes, today and saw that I needed to send this information to
you, as I haven't yet. I'm sending it to you for your records and as a formality. I remember us filling out
your grazing application at your table and we already sent you the bill for that. I agree with the dates that
you applied for, and this is just restating what you are already planning on doing.
My records indicate that we agreed that your cattle will be on the Forest Service permit and are authorized
to move to the Evans Well. Pasture from September 21-October 31. They will then be moved to the Flat
Pasture and will graze there from November 1-December 15.
We then agreed that 85-90% of the time cattle will be fed on private parcels. The remainder can be fed,
scattered on public, in an effort to initiate feeding on private. If there is a severe storm, the BLM
understands that you might need to feed on public,.so that your cattle don't freeze to death. After the
storm has passed, every effort should be made to resume feeding on private land again. Sections 33 and
22 in the Flat Pasture were preferable.
The BLM and you both agreed that the Leslie Ranches Plan mandated that cattle be out of the Flat
Pasture by October 31 each year. The BLM is agreeing to change these dates and will allow cattle to
graze in the Flat Pasture from. November 1-December 15 if the above provisions are met.
If anything seems out of sync with what you both heard in our meeting with Jan Henf,;please aet me know,
and we will work out any misunderstandings. -
Thanks,
Brooke
Brooke Anderson
Rangeland Management Specialist
Bureau of Land Management
(541) 416-6799
February 10, 2008
Brooke Anderson
BLM, Prineville
Dear Brooke,
I would like to clarify a few of the statements in the recent packet you sent. As you said,
in order for the new range specialist to administer this allotment, that person needs all the
information.
*Flat Pasture
I do not agree that Leslie Ranch Plan mandated cattle be out of Flat pasture by Oct. 31.
At our meeting with Glen Ardt, he felt using the Flat Pasture thru Dec 31St fit the goals of
the Leslie Ranch Plan. This year we agreed to a Dec 15 end date. Jan Hanf felt feeding
on existing roads in the west end of the pasture (using private land when feasible) was
acceptable.
*Golden Basin Pasture
In the letter from Teal Purrington dated 13/20/01, there is a restriction (0), to provide
water only on the southwest side of the pasture. We do and will continue to provide
water on private land on the northeast (Dyer Well) side of the pasture.
Other issues I would like your replacement to be aware of include high tensile fence,
which we have all agreed needs replacement. And that in the implementation of the RMP
travel management, routes should be located as far from private land as possible to avoid
conflicts with land owners from dust, noise and vandalism
Thanks for all you work on this. And best wishes for you in future endeavors,
Sincerely,
Keith Nash
THE RAPE, DEATH AND DESTRUCTION OF THE MILLICAN VALLEY FOR PROFIT!
THAT'S WHAT THIS IS ALL ABOUT!
This is an atrocity that should have NEVER even been consideredM!
Because of the unique geological features and quite possible because of the large aquifer under the
Millican Valley, sound reverberates at an amazing level. I can hear from my property in the valley
people coughing nearly a mile away.
What will this PIT sound like in the valley? It will sound like all of our worst nightmares. No longer
will there be peace in the Valley but she will SCREAM! day and night from this RAPE!
From Forest Service road 23/25 it is all up hill to the top of Horse Ridge. A loaded gravel truck will
have a heck of a time getting up to any kind of speed to get to the top of Horse Ridge. Highway 20 is
the main thruway between Bend and Idaho. The traffic tie-ups will be incredible, much less the
accidents that are bound to happen.
Mr. LoveLAND said "you go 20 miles East of Bend and there is nothing out there" WHAT A
MISSTATEMENT!!!!!! There are people in the Valley. There is wildlife. This IS where the Dear
and the Antelope play. There are birds including the Sage Grouse and Bald Eagles, Hawks, rabbits
and many more creatures. There are wild flowers and a whole lot of recreation going on. How dare
he make such a statement!
The Millican Valley is one of the most beautiful, pristine and peaceful places left in Central
Oregon. She is Big and She is Beautiful. PLEASE! DON'T LET HER BE RAPED!!!!!!!!!.
You will either be able to take your children and grand children to the Millican Valley to recreate
and say "I helped save the Millican Valley" or you can hang your heads in shame at the destruction
that you allowed to happen.
This is history making and history will either applaud you or point it's finger at who's responsible
for her destruction and that will be the 3 of you.
I believe we would all agree that past actions are directly reflected on future actions.
This is my notebook that has over a decade of documentation on what has and has not happened in
the Millican Valley. You would be shocked! I would love to at any place or time go through this
with one or all of you. The following short paragraph is only the tip of the iceberg of what is
documented in here. And shows the inconsistency of the County to regulate the Millican Valley!
A point in case, is the Forever Free Mustang Ranch started in the Millican Valley under the ruses of
a cattle ranch to be running 600 to 800 head of cattle. When in fact newspaper articles in the Bend
Bulletin and even the Steffan's own web site foreverfreemustangs.com states that their intention was
obviously to start a wild mustang operation on the Millican valley property.
To my knowledge and observation being my property boarders theirs, I have never seen one head of
cattle, only horses on their property.
The County denied the Steffans the right to build a house on their property until (in my observation),
after Flora Steffan in the spring of 2007 told me she had filed 17 complaints on property's in the
Millican Valley for people living there illegally etc. When in fact the Steffan's were living illegally
on their property.
Complaints were filed against the Steffan, but from my observation the County did nothing.
The complaints that Flora Steffan filed brought Tim Grunderman Deschutes County Code
Technician in to the picture.
Flora told me that Tim Grunderman was helping her get the permits to build the Steffan's house. And
that she called Tim Grunderman everyday and had baked him cookies. The Steffans got the permits
and the house was built.
Interesting - Fran Steffan filed for divorce. Even more interesting from what legal council has told
me Tim Grunderman's wife also filed for divorce.
Now - the Bend Bulletin ran an article in January of 2008 called "The softer side of code
enforcement". I believe the Bulletin should run an article called "The sleazier side of code
enforcement" !
OK - so now if I want to start a gravel PIT or build a house on my property in the Millican Valley
what lies do I need to tell the County that they will accept and what lies will they not accept? Or who
in the County do I need to have an affair with?
The County failed for more than a decade to my knowledge to regulate anything in the
Millican Valley even after being made aware of the illegal activities. Kevin Henderson of the
Deschutes County told me in the 90's that he "WAS NOT going to send anyone out to the Millican
Valley because it was TO FAR TO GO".
So how can-the public in anyway shape or form believes that the County is going to regulate this
PIT. Past actions are directly reflected on future actions.
In my more than a decade and a half as a land owner in the Millican Valley from my experience the
only thing the County has done is to turn a blind eye and a deaf ear when ever the Millican Valley is
mentioned.
Dennis, I have known you since the 70's and I know that you and your family have recreated in the
Millican Valley. You were quoted in a May 2008 article in the Bend Bulletin stating that "This is an
important valley" well your right about that! She is. She is Big and She is Beautiful and Extremely
Unique. Hold her near and Dear and PLEASE DON'T LET HER BE RAPED BY THIS
PIT!!!!!!!!!!
Thank you for your time
June 2nd 2008
Frankie Aspinwall Watson
19985 Glen Vista rd
Bend, OR 97701
541-480-4175
United States Department of the Interior
IN REPLY REFER TO:
1610 (OR056)
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT
Prineville District Office
3050 N.E. 3rd Street
Prineville, Oregon 97754
MAY 3 0 2008
Paul Blikstad, Senior Planner
Deschutes County Community Development Department
117 NW Lafayette Avenue
Bend, OR 97701-1925
Dear Mr. Blikstad:
Recently, Deschutes County received an application for a Plan Amendment and Zone Change
(PA-04-8/ZC-04-6), which would allow for 365 acres of Exclusive Farm Use-Horse Ridge
subzone (EFU_HR) to Surface Mining (SM) next to Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
administered public land in Millican Valley.
Our comments on the application relate to safety issues that may result from operation of the area
for surface mining. Since the Prineville District (District) of the BLM administers the largest
amount of public land in the project area, we would also like to share information regarding
wildlife and significant habitat values associated with the area. This information is included as an
attachment after our comments. I suggest you contact the Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife
regarding potential effects on the sage-grouse population.
The District's primary concern is safety of motorists using the roads and trails adjacent to the
area proposed for SM zoning. The Spencer Well Road is one of the primary roads used
regionally to access the BLM South Millican Off Highway Vehicle (OHV) Trail System and the
U.S. Forest Service East Fort Rock OHV Trail System. The latter is open year-round to OHV
use. Motorcycle/ATV Trail #30 crosses the Spencer Well Road at its junction with State
Highway 20.
Trucks pulling out of the mining area onto Spencer Well road would traverse both lanes of
Spencer Well Road, creating a safety hazard to people traveling to and from OHV riding areas.
Increased truck traffic on and off Highway 20 would also increase potential accidents at the
Highway 20/Spencer Well intersection. Trucks may encounter OHV riders crossing Spencer
Well Road on Trail #30. These riders are not accustomed to yielding to traffic, which may lead
to collisions between trucks and OHV riders, or between trucks slowing or stopped to avoid
hitting riders, in turn requiring vehicles on Highway 20 to also slow down or stop, creating new
safety hazards on both roads.
RECENED
JUN 0 2 2008
Deschutes County CDD
Another safety concern relates to dust. Dusty conditions will result from vegetation removal and
wind events common in this area. Dusty conditions near Highway 20 may result in dust crossing
the highway, decreasing driver visibility.
To mitigate these potential safety issues, the District suggests: a) placing the entrance to the SM
area off Spencer Well Road such that it allows adequate site distance north and south, b)
installing signs on Spencer Well Road and Highway 20 cautioning drivers to go slow and watch
for trucks and OHV riders, c) using vegetative buffers and water to limit dust, d) limiting
operations if wind events are carrying dust across the highway.
We appreciate the opportunity to comment on this proposed action and hope you find our
comments helpful. If you have any questions regarding the effects to sage-grouse, please contact
Jan Hanf, Prineville District Biologist (541/416-6721). Berry Phelps, Recreation Planner
(541/416-6723), can answer questions regarding OHV use in the area.
Sincerely,
Molly own
Field Manager, Deschutes Resource Area
Enclosures
Information on greater sage-grouse
The District would like to provide a landscape perspective on greater sage-grouse (BLM status-
sensitive) which has generated high interest throughout the west and is undergoing review for
listing under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Although Millican Valley is on the fringe of
the species range, maintaining a stable expanse of suitable habitat is paramount for retaining the
western portion of the greater sage-grouse range.
In the early 1990s, declining numbers of sage-grouse, concerns for species extirpation, as well as
concerns for loss, degradation, and fragmentation of the species habitat, led to a greater sage-
grouse radio-telemetry study. A description of the study and findings are contained in the
attached document entitled "Sage Grouse in the High Desert of Central Oregon: Results of a
Study, 1988-1993" (hereafter referred to as the "Study"). Prineville District, in cooperation with
the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, led the study to determine sage-grouse seasonal use
areas, document the movements of birds, and estimate over-wintering sage-grouse populations.
The study showed Millican Valley provides important year-round habitat for sage-grouse
including habitat for breeding, nesting, brood-rearing and over-wintering. Sage-grouse were also
found to make extensive movements between seasonal use areas and utilize an expansive land
area, further supporting the importance of providing for large areas of sagebrush habitat. (Study,
Figures 11 and 12).
A significant study finding was the importance of Millican Valley as a wintering area. This
became clear, particularly during the high precipitation winter of 1992-1993, when sage-grouse
use was concentrated in Millican Valley due it receiving lesser amounts of snow than
surrounding areas which made sagebrush available to the birds.
Researchers have identified wintering areas as crucial to sage-grouse and as a major factor
determining sage-grouse distribution. Where winter habitat has been eliminated, sage-grouse
populations have been reduced over large areas. For this reason, sagebrush control projects are
not recommended for wintering areas (Study, page 42, Sec. 8 Management Recommendations,
Sec. 6 Winter Habitat 1).
The study documented sage-grouse breeding habitat in Millican Valley including the lek which
supported the largest number of male attendance on the District. The study also found that sage-
grouse mating was disrupted by livestock and people. Recommendations to mitigate this issue
include minimizing activities associated with livestock and people around leks during the
breeding season (Study, page 41, General Recommendations, Sec. 1, 3). More recent information
suggests that a four mile radius or larger should be managed for breeding and nesting habitat
around leks.
Currently, the District is working to improve the quality of sage-grouse habitat where needed;
limit conflicting land uses during sensitive times in the sage-grouse life cycle; explore
possibilities to enhance land use practices on private lands that are important to sage-grouse; and
monitor the District's sage-grouse population. (Study, Executive Summary "Management
Recommendations" page x). The District is also working to provide technical support and
information regarding the management of sage-grouse habitat on private lands (Study, page 40,
General Recommendation 8).
Additionally, a reference worth noting would be the October 2007 recommendations from
Wyoming's Sage Grouse Implementation Team to the Wyoming Governor. This included a
strategy to minimize impacts of subdivision development on sagebrush and sage-grouse by
increasing the acreage exemption for subdividing land from the current 40 acres to 640 acres.
Further, it was recommended that the footprint of energy development be reduced. Wyoming is
anxious to avoid having sage-grouse protected under the federal Endangered Species Act.
Since completion of the 1988-1993 study, land use and ownership have changed within Millican
Valley, and as such, so has the human footprint on the land (see attached "draft" maps titled
"Sage-grouse habitat and seasonal use areas" and "Sage-grouse and the human footprint").
While the latter map is not designed to depict all public and private land activities associated
with Millican Valley, it does suggest some of the cumulative effects that may be associated with
continued growth and human activity to sage-grouse and their habitats. The map depicts some of
the roads and recreational trails, but does not show livestock use which does occur on the
majority of the land that BLM administers within the valley.
The study also discusses some of the species general ecology. This provides further insight into
periods of time during the species life cycle when it may be more sensitive or vulnerable to
activities in Millican Valley:
Winter - November to March
Breeding/Nesting/Early Brood-rearing - March 1 to June 30 (although active males were
found here the latter part of February)
Late Brood-rearing - July 1- November
P ~
M '
O E
m (D
(9 6f
W z 20 W U)
W P 00
C ~
N O U U-
i rv U.)V M W W C N v m =
Z a o m_ X 0
W
6 O r f/1 ~ Of O O N J =
'O m z w m N W Q.' l0 O d W
co 0) F- `n ~D o m aO O n
n n.
L.
Co
F-
LL
Q
Z
0
0
Z
Q
TD
i
i
z
LLI
U)
M
0
r~
V
♦W
V
Q
ti
t1 _
k
0 0
U) d
m d c W N
w m o A m a Z W Z v
U, Cc
8 >
y r ~ w n N Y = J N c 'S. m m W c y 'o
U O N Z .O m ti V 0 lp N N Y F J
a d
m y c v O o a ayi Y7 r m' o
P` d a)i m ~ g 0 J m a m o m' ~ a`
O O O d O c m ' U o c o U ° W o LL
>
- - - v,~
- 'iIN
~o ve
r' o
A, ♦le♦
M
U.S. (Department of the Interior
Bureau of Land Management
U.9. DE1.11 . Di THE INTEPIDR
OU(EAV W IdfO Vdpq~E,,,
Prineville District Office
185 East 4th Street, P.O. Box 550,
Prineville, Oregon 97754 December 1994
Results of a Study, 1988-1993
d ~ \
{t V 4
.iJ~'~
x
F
'`,yam ~~c ,"1y,C p4c 1 > f <
v Iph. ,
anti L
l Y 1
f b,•i J ~T! 1 f f I ~ r
rry ~I~ T %
7,;Z M
\
Y
_
~DSOtJ
V\~ic++T
As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and
natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the
environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation.
The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interest of all our people.
The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under
U.S. administration.
BLM/O A/PT-95/002-4120.7
Cover drawing: Edson and Ardith Fichter
Sage Grouse In The High Desert
Of Central Oregon:
Results of a study; 1988-1993
By:
U.S. Department of the Interior
Bureau of Land Management
Prineville District
Jan M. Hanf, Wildlife Biologist
Paul A. Schmidt, Wildlife Biologist
Erica B. Groshens, Wildlife Technician
Interdisciplinary Team
Teal Purrington
Range Conservationist
Sid Houpt
Range Conservationist
Berry Phelps
Outdoor Recreation Planner
Dan Tippy
Supervisory Natural Resource
Specialist
November 1994
Series P-SG-01
Preface
This document reports the results of a six year study of sage grouse in the High Desert of Central Oregon. Staff biologists
collected and interpreted the data during the study period. In the following year, an interdisciplinary team consisting of
wildlife biologists, range conservationists, a recreation specialist, and a supervisory natural resource specialist developed
this report to provide general information about sage grouse in Central Oregon and to identify management recommenda-
tions for the species in the High Desert area. Team members committed a significant amount of time becoming familiar
with the data to assist in the preparation and presentation of the document. Team members needed to be in concurrence
about the information to be presented in the discussions of each section and the development of management recommenda-
tions specific to Prineville District's sage grouse population.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ix
Acknowledgements xi
Introduction
1
The Sage Grouse Life Cycle
2
Breeding/Nesting
..2
Brood Rearing/Summering
2
Wintering
2
Objectives
..3
Study Area
3
Location and Description
3
Climate
3
Vegetation
3
Primary Land Use Activities
3
Section 1 - Lek Counts and Population Estimate
..7
Introduction
..7
Methods
7
Results
9
Lek Counts
9
Population Estimate
9
Discussion
..9
Section 2 - Precipitation and Lek Counts
13
Introduction
13
Methods
13
Results
13
Discussion
14
Section 3 - Nesting Habitat and Reproductive Success
15
Introduction
15
Methods
15
Radio Telemetry
15
Trapping and Radio-Marking
15
Monitoring Radio-Marked Sage Grouse
15
Vegetation Measurements
16
Nesting and Brood Rearing Habitat Components
16
Results
19
Nesting and Brood Rearing Success
19
Habitat Components
19
Nesting
19
Brood Rearing
22
Discussion
22
Nesting
22
Brood Rearing
23
Section 4 - Summer Diet
25
Introduction
25
Methods
25
Results
26
Discussion
26
Section 5 - Water Developments 29
Introduction 29
Methods .......................................................................................................................................................................29
Results
.30
Discussion
.30
Section 6 - Winter Habitat
. 31
Introduction
. 31
Methods
.31
Results
.31
Discussion
.32
Section 7 - Seasonal Use Areas/Movements
. 33
Introduction/Methods
. 33
Results
.33
Discussion
.37
Section 8 - Management Recommendations
. 39
Explanation of Statistics
. 43
Glossary
.45
Literature Cited
. 47
Appendix 1
Statistical Methods and Data for Section 1
. 51
Appendix 2
Historical Lek Counts
. 53
Appendix 3
Statistical Methods and Raw Data for Section 3
. 55
Appendix 4
Measurement Conversion Chart
. 57
List of Tables
1) The Highest Count of Males on 20 Leks Surveyed, on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and
Crook Counties, Oregon, 1989 to 1993 8
2) Description of Cover Types on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and Crook Counties, Oregon
1991 to 1993 .....................................................................................................................................................................16
3) Reproductive Status of Radio-Marked Sage Grouse Hens During the Nesting and Brooding Period
(March-August), on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and Crook Counties, Oregon, 1991 to 1993 19
4) Cover Types Available, and Percent of Nest (n=20) in Cover Types Used By Radio-Marked Sage Grouse Hens
on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and Crook Counties, Oregon, 1991 to 1993 22
5) Use of Water Developments by Sage Grouse During Summer on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM,
Deschutes and Crook Counties, Oregon, (August-September) 1991 30
6) Winter Habitat Use By Sage Grouse on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and Crook Counties,
Oregon, 1991 to 1993 .......................................................................................................................................................32
vi
List of Figures
1)
Study area map, Prineville District, BLM
2)
Trend in males per lek, 1989-1993
Prineville District
BLM
3)
,
,
Historic lek numbers from 4 leks on the study area showing cyclic fluctuations in sage grouse numbers,
9
Prineville District, BLM, 1950-1993
14
4)
Habitat cover type map
Prineville District
BLM
5)
,
,
Nest plot (78m2) used to measure vegetative characteristics at nest sites and random lo
ti
17
6)
ca
ons
Grass height at sage grouse nests and random plots, Prineville District, BLM
18
20
7)
Shrub cover at sage grouse nests and random plots, Prineville District, BLM
20
8)
Grass height at successful and unsuccessful sage grouse nests, Prineville District, BLM
21
9)
Tall shrub cover at successful and unsuccessful sage grouse nests, Prineville District, BLM
21
10)
Sage grouse crop contents, 1992, Prineville District, BLM
26
11)
Sage grouse seasonal use areas
Prineville District
BLM
12)
,
,
Sage grouse movement patterns
Prineville District
BLM
34
,
,
35
VII
Executive Summary
Sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) numbers have
been declining throughout the west for many years,
primarily due to loss, degradation, and fragmentation of
habitat (Wallestad 1975a). These declines led the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service to list the Western subspecies of
sage grouse (C. u. phaios), which is found in Washington,
Oregon, Nevada, and California, as a candidate for
threatened and endangered status in 1985. The Bureau of
Land Management (BLM) administers approximately 90%
of the lands currently inhabited by sage grouse. BLM
policy directs the Bureau to place emphasis on determining
the status and seasonal habitat requirements of candidate
species. In Oregon, the Prineville District, BLM began a
sage grouse study within the Deschutes Resource Area in
1988 after noting declines in the number of males on leks.
The purpose of the study was to define seasonal use areas
and to determine an overwintering sage grouse population
estimate.
Between 14 and 201eks were monitored from 1988-1993.
The average number of males per lek declined 42% during
this time on the 14 leks that were statistically analyzed.
This was a statistically significant decline. Population
estimates were calculated in 1992 and 1993, with values of
611 and 514 birds respectively. Current sage grouse
numbers on the study area are low compared to historic
numbers in this area and other parts of Oregon. Declines
in sage grouse could be due to several factors such as
habitat degradation in breeding, nesting, brood rearing/
summering, and wintering areas, increased predation due
to poor habitat conditions, and drought.
Average lek counts were significantly correlated with
precipitation from the previous year's water year (Oct.-
Sept.) and the crop year (Oct. - June) of two years previ-
ous. Precipitation most likely affects sage grouse numbers
through increased production of forbs and herbaceous
cover at nests. Sage grouse population fluctuations in this
area are cyclic, with population highs reached approxi-
mately every 7-15 years. Population highs have steadily
declined since the 1950's. The last population high was
reached in 1988.
Nesting information was gathered from 1991-1993. Sixty-
eight percent (19/28) of monitored hens initiated nesting
activity. An additional 12 hens monitored during the
nesting period were lost due to predation or radio transmit-
ter failure. Nest success was consistent and averaged 30%.
Nest success rates on the study area were low compared to
other states, but high compared to current rates in south-
east Oregon. Sixty-five (13/20) percent of the nests were
predated, which is consistent with that found at other study
sites. One nest was abandoned and one renest attempt was
made.
Sage grouse nested in 4 of 9 available cover types, and
habitat use differed significantly from availability. Most
of the nests were established in the mountain big sage-
brush, mountain shrub, and grassland cover types.
Vegetative characteristics at nests differed from those of
random locations; nest centers had taller grass and greater
medium shrub and total shrub cover. The nest center of
successful nests had taller grass and more tall shrub cover
than the nest center of unsuccessful nests. Habitat struc-
ture appears to be as important to nest success as habitat
type. All of the nests monitored were within 12.8 km of
the nearest lek. Fifty percent of the nests were within 8
km and 25% were within 3.2 km of the nearest lek. These
distances are consistent with the literature.
Fifty percent (3/6) of successfully nesting hens produced a
successful brood. Observations on broods were made in 3
habitat types; 83% (38/46) of the observations were in the
mountain big sagebrush habitat type.
The crop contents of 8 hens collected in June - September,
1992 were nearly 100% plant material. Big sagebrush and
rabbitbrush made up 57% of the combined crop contents
of all 8 birds. Birds at one location ate 5 types of forbs,
but these forbs made up only 13% of the combined crop
contents. At another location, only 1 forb (Oregon
Sunshine) was found in crops, but it made up 55% of the
combined crop contents. Rabbitbrush had the highest
amounts of crude protein and calcium of any of the plants
found in crops.
Sage grouse (n=8 radio-marked birds, n=364 unmarked
birds) drank water from all types of water developments
studied (drink pools, troughs, guzzlers, dugouts). Troughs
were used significantly less than other water develop-
ments. Sage grouse concentrated near water sources in the
late summer and the fall. The silver sagebrush cover type,
which had the highest density of water sources per area,
received no use by radio-marked birds, but was used by
unmarked birds (n=101).
Winter habitat use was studied during the winters of 1991-
92 (a below-average precipitation winter) and 1992-1993
(a high precipitation winter). In 1991-92, radio tagged
birds used 5 habitat types, with mountain big sagebrush
and low sagebrush types used most frequently. In 1992-93,
98% of the observations were in the mountain big sage-
brush habitat type. The more clumped distribution in 1992-
93 can be attributed to the increase in snow that winter.
Snow cover forced birds out of low sagebrush areas to
mountain big sagebrush areas, where plants were still
accessible above the snow. Millican Valley was an
important wintering area, especially during the more
severe winter, because the valley received less snow than
surrounding areas. During both winters, birds most
frequently used areas with a canopy cover of 12-16%.
ix
Seasonal use areas for radio-marked sage grouse on the
Prineville District were identified and mapped. Sage
grouse made extensive movements between these seasonal
use areas and used a large land area. This indicates that
large areas of sagebrush habitat in its current condition are
important to sage grouse. In better condition habitat, sage
grouse may not need to range as far to meet their require-
ments. Lands between seasonal use areas are important to
sage grouse as travel corridors and temporary use areas.
Management recommendations developed by an interdisci-
plinary team concentrated on 1) maintaining communica-
tion with US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and
other federal, state and local agencies, 2) developing a
Conservation Agreement for sage grouse with USFWS, 3)
determining habitat conditions on the Prineville District
with respect to the sage grouse life cycle, 4) improving the
quality of the habitat where necessary, 5) limiting conflict-
ing land uses during sensitive times in the sage grouse life
cycle, 6) exploring possibilities to enhance land use
practices on private lands that are important to sage
grouse, and 7) continuing monitoring of the sage grouse
population on the Prineville District, with emphasis on the
eastern edge of the District.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) for their financial support of this project and
their contribution of people and time in assisting with data collection. We would also like to thank the Redmond Chapter
of the Oregon Hunters Association for their interest and financial support. Many Bureau of Land Management (BLM) staff
members also helped in the field, and we greatly appreciate their help. Many private landowners provided information and
access to their land; without their cooperation, much of the information couldn't have been collected. Also due thanks are
all the reviewers of the Draft Report; their comments were invaluable. Additionally, we would like to thank the employees
at the BLM Oregon State Office who assisted in the production of this document: Jim Alegria for assistance with the
statistical analysis of data, and Michael Hamel and Cliff McClelland for assistance with graphics and printing. Finally, a
special thanks to Edson and Ardith Fichter who graciously allowed the use of the sage grouse collage print for the cover.
xi
Introduction
yy► j ~ ~ Ijr ~
11!W 19A.
kf6 7
The sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a Western
bird that relies primarily on sagebrush for its nutritional
and habitat needs. Sage grouse are found throughout the
range of big sagebrush, but numbers throughout the West
have been declining for many years. These declines
primarily are due to loss, degradation, and fragmentation
of habitat (Wallestad 1975a). From the late 1800s through
1931, degradation of habitat from grazing and excessive
hunting caused severe declines of sage grouse populations
(Edminster 1954). In Oregon, sage grouse were common
to abundant in the non-forested areas east of the Cascades
during much of the 19th century, but began to decline by
the late 1890s (Crawford 1982a). Populations recovered in
the teens, with birds being abundant in 1918 and early
1919, but a major die-off occurred in mid-1919 (Crawford
1982a). Population declines continued into the 1920s and
extinction of the species in Oregon was predicted. Hunt-
ing restrictions brought a slight recovery, but populations
declined seriously again during the 1930s (Crawford
1982a). By 1940, sage grouse occupied only half their
historic range in Oregon, and numbers declined 60%
between the late 1950s and the early 1980s (Crawford and
Lutz 1985). During this period, productivity rates (chicks/
hen and chicks/adult) had dropped significantly. These
declines led the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
to list the western subspecies of sage grouse (C. u. phaios;
found in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and parts of
Nevada and California) as a candidate for threatened and
endangered status (Federal Register, 18 September 1985).
This action means that the USFWS has determined that
listing as a threatened and endangered species may be
necessary, but more information is needed.
The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administers
approximately 90% of all land currently inhabited by sage
grouse. Until recently, BLM Districts in Oregon played a
limited role in the study of sage grouse populations.
Today, BLM policy (BLM MANUAL Rel 6-116,
6840.06C) directs the Bureau to place greater emphasis on
determining the status and seasonal habitat requirements of
the sage grouse. Specifically, the BLM manual requires
that sage grouse (and other candidate species) be managed
"consistent with the principles of multiple use, for the
conservation of candidate species and their habitats and
shall ensure that actions authorized, funded, or carried out
do not contribute to the need to list any of the species as
threatened or endangered." In addition, BLM should
"determine the distribution, abundance, reason for current
status, and habitat needs for candidate species occurring on
lands administered by BLM, and evaluate the significance
of lands administered by BLM or action in maintaining
those species" (BLM MANUAL Rel 6-116, 6840.06C).
Also, in Fish and Wildlife 2000, BLM's national strategy
for management of fish and wildlife, it is stated that BLM
shall conduct or support research to determine habitat
requirements for upland game birds, and conduct invento-
Ties to learn the location and condition of crucial upland
game bird habitat (Fish and Wildlife 2000 Upland Game
Bird Strategy Plan, 1992). The BLM Wildlife and Fisher-
ies Program Status Report (1988) states that inventories
should also be used to gather baseline information on
fisheries and wildlife resources. This will provide the
foundation for land use and activity planning, monitoring,
and habitat development work. The Prineville District of
the BLM recognized a need for sage grouse study on the
Deschutes Resource Area after recent declines in the
number of males on leks. A study was initiated in 1988 to
define seasonal use areas and to determine an overwinter-
ing sage grouse population estimate.
Seasonal use areas include areas for breeding, nesting,
brood rearing/summering and wintering. These areas can
most easily be described in a review of the current knowl-
edge on the life cycle and habitat requirements of the sage
grouse.
The Sage Grouse Life Cycle
Sage grouse belong to the family Phasainidae in which the
most common characteristic is feathered feet and toes.
The average life span for a sage grouse is 2-4 years (brut
1994). Each year, sage grouse go through three seasonal
stages: breeding/nesting, brood rearing/summering, and
wintering. Habitat requirements for each stage differ.
Breeding/Nesting
In late winter to early spring, sage grouse gather on
traditional breeding grounds known as leks. The males
arrive first, with hens arriving a few weeks later to mate
(Call and Maser 1986). Leks are usually small, open areas
of 0.04 to 4 ha, preferably surrounded by dense sagebrush
that strutting birds can use for food and cover. Leks are
generally used from late February to late May. Surround-
ing sagebrush is crucial, because strutting birds are
especially vulnerable to predators and feed almost entirely
on sagebrush during the breeding season. The loss of this
adjacent food and cover may cause grouse to abandon a
lek (Call and Maser 1986).
After mating, sage grouse hens leave the lek to lay their
eggs, usually building a nest within 7-10 days. The nest is
typically hollowed out ground and is placed between or
beneath sagebrush plants. A basic requirement of nesting
cover is concealment of the sage grouse hen and her nest
(Girard 1935, Patterson 1952, Autenrieth 1981). Quality
nest sites will offer shelter from above by branches, good
growth of understory grasses, and sagebrush within 70
centimeters (cm) (Appendix 4) of the nest (Girard 1935,
Nelson 1955, Autenrieth 1981, Gregg et al. 1994). A late
seral condition is near optimum (Hall 1985). There does
not appear to be any relationship between nest placement
and proximity of water (Autenrieth 1981). Availability of
forbs is also important to the hen in the pre-laying condi-
tion. Forbs are more nutritious than sagebrush and may
help to increase hen productivity. When available, forbs
are selected over sagebrush and may make up 20-50% of
the pre-laying diet (Barnett and Crawford 1994). Sage
grouse usually lay 6-8 eggs, a low reproductive rate
compared to other gallinaceous birds, and have an incuba-
tion period of 25-27 days. Peak hatching occurs from the
last week of May through the second week of June.
Brood Rearing/Summering
Hens with broods require well-sheltered areas that provide
protection from predators and the weather. Nearness of
preferred foods is also important. Chicks leave the nest
and begin feeding several hours after hatching. However,
they have limited mobility, so suitable food such as insects
and forbs must be close by. To accommodate both food
and cover requirements, broods tend to use areas that have
open sites for feeding and small areas of dense sagebrush
for roosting.
As plants mature and dry, broods move to areas still
supporting succulent vegetation, such as native or irrigated
meadows, playas, and high elevation drainages. These
areas are important as a source of forbs, insects and free
water (Call and Maser 1986). Adult and juvenile birds
congregate in these wetter areas during late summer and
early fall. As these areas dry, sage grouse consumption of
sagebrush increases and the grouse move to lowlands for
the winter season.
Wintering
During the winter, sage grouse feed almost entirely on the
leaves of sagebrush. Typical winter ranges are large
expanses of dense sagebrush 20% canopy cover) with
an average height of 25 cm, on land having little, if any,
slope (Eng and Schladweiler 1972). A late seral condition
is preferred. This association with dense sagebrush stands
typically begins in September and continues through the
breeding season. Wintering areas are crucial to sage
grouse and are a major factor determining sage grouse
distribution. Elimination of winter range habitat would
reduce sage grouse populations over large areas (Eng and
Schladweiler 1972).
The extent of the seasonal movements just described
depends on the proximity of quality seasonal habitats and
the severity of the winter. Where all seasonal requirements
can be met in the same area, populations are relatively
sedentary. Other populations migrate as far as 24-160
kilometers (km) (Appendix 4) between nesting and
wintering areas (Call and Maser 1986).
Objectives
A study was initiated on the Prineville District, BLM to
define seasonal use areas and to determine a breeding sage
grouse population estimate.
Objectives of this study were to:
1) locate all active leks within the study area and
determine an overwintering sage grouse population
estimate
2) determine use and selection of cover types and
habitat characteristics by sage grouse hens during the
breeding season
3) compare habitat use and selection between success-
ful and unsuccessful nesting hens
4) determine habitat use by hens with broods
5) collect summer diet information from hens and
locate foraging areas
6) determine habitat types used by wintering sage
grouse
7) track movements of sage grouse to determine
seasonal use areas and distances travelled
Information gathered during the first year of the study led
to the development of two additional objectives:
8) determine relationship between precipitation and the
average number of males on leks
9) determine use and selection of artificial water
developments
Study Area
Location and Description
The study area centers near Brothers, Oregon (67 km east
of Bend, Oregon) and encompasses land in Crook,
Deschutes and northern Lake counties (Fig. 1). The area is
divided by U.S. Highway 20, a 2-lane blacktop. The study
area lies within the northwest portion of The Great Basin
region of Southeast Oregon and covers approximately
170,000 hectares (ha) (Appendix 4) of semi-arid sagebrush
rangeland with scattered lakebeds and playas. Juniper
expansion into sagebrush grasslands has occurred at
various locations on the study area; its distribution was not
examined for this study. New juniper woodlands are
usually found on sites previously occupied by big sage-
brush/Idaho fescue and mountain big sagebrush/bluebunch
wheatgrass plant communities (Bedell et al. 1993). The
study area is on the edge of current sage grouse range.
Elevation ranges from 1,275 to 1,925 meters (m) (Appen-
dix 4). A unique feature of the area is the Dry River
Drainage, which runs the length of the study area from
Hampton Buttes to Horse Ridge. The Dry River area has a
large low sage component and high use by sage grouse.
The BLM administers approximately 60% of the land
within the study area and the U. S. Forest Service adminis-
ters approximately 3%. The remaining 37% consists of
widely scattered private and state owned lands, occurring
mainly in the northern and eastern portions of the study
area.
Soils in this area are influenced by the eruptions of Mt.
Mazama and Newberry Crater approximately 7000 and
2000 years ago, respectively. The soil is moderately deep
(50 - 100 cm to bedrock) and well drained, with sandy and
sandy loam textures, and has a thin mantle of pumiceous
ash and small pebbles over buried horizons of a loamy
texture. Low sage and juniper/low sage sites in the
northern and eastern sections of the study area have
shallow (25 - 50 cm to bedrock), rocky soils, with a sandy
loam surface and clay subsoils. The moister, deep,
stratified soils on the playas consist of silty loam (wetland
soils).
Climate
The area receives 18 - 30 cm of precipitation annually.
Precipitation occurs mainly during the winter and spring,
with summer thunderstorms adding a small amount.
Temperature varies greatly, ranging from lows of -25°C to
highs of 40°C (Appendix 4). The relative humidity is low
much of the year and winds are moderate.
Vegetation
Dominant overstory vegetation consists of mountain big
sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata vaseyana), low sagebrush
(Artemisia arbuscula), green rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus
viscidiflorus), silver sagebrush (Artemisia cana), antelope
bitterbrush (Prushia tridentata), and western juniper
(Juniperus occidentalis). Common grasses include Idaho
fescue (Festuca idahoensis), western needlegrass (Stipa
occidentalis), Thurbers needlegrass (Stipa thurberiana),
bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), and bottle-
brush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix). Common forbs
include small-flowered blue-eyed Mary (Collinsia
parviflora), microsteris (Microsteris gracilis), Oregon
sunshine (Eiophyllum lanatum), everlasting (Antennaria
spp.), milk-vetch (Astragalus spp.), buckwheat (Erigonum
spp.), desert parsley (Lomatium spp.), lupine (Lupine spp.),
monkey flower (Mimulus spp.), and phlox (Phlox spp.).
Primary Land Use Activities
Many human activities take place on the study area. In the
past, homesteaders moved into Central Oregon by the
thousands to make a living through dry-land farming and
stock raising. Most of the movement into this area
occurred between the late 1800s and the early 1900s
(Allen 1987). Thousands of cattle and hundreds of
Fig. 1. Sage Grouse Study Area, Prineville Distict, BLM.
thousands of sheep competed for rangelands by the late
1800s (Bregan 1964). Sagebrush was converted into
farmland by many homesteaders, though it is unknown
how much of the study area was affected. By 1920, most
of the farmers had left, often selling their land to neighbor-
ing ranchers (Bureau of Land Management 1993). Central
Oregon was better suited to stock raising than farming, so
many ranchers stayed. Much of the sagebrush conversion
for agricultural purposes ceased by mid-1960.
Grazing still occurs on much of the study area, with a
variety of grazing systems used, including deferred
grazing, deferred rotation, rest rotation, short duration/
high-intensity, and winter grazing. Active grazing prefer-
ence on the 19 BLM allotments within the study area is
30,280 AUMs. Actual/licensed use during the study period
was 24,330 AUMs in 1988, 31,700 AUMs in 1989, 24,400
AUMs in 1990, 24,190 AUMs in 1991, 15,320 AUMs in
1992, and 13,370 AUMs in 1993. Grazing use in specific
allotments ranged from total non-use to 240% above active
preference. Period of use for most of the allotments was
spring (April-June) or spring-summer (April-September).
However, there are a few allotments that were normally
grazed in the fall-winter (October-March).
Recreational uses were also prevalent on the study area.
Off-highway vehicle (OHV) use occurred on 22,000 ha in
the western portion of the study area, where it overlaps
with the BLM Millican Valley OHV Area. The OHV area
is divided by U.S. Highway 20 and seasonal use restric-
tions differ on the north and south sides. The south area
was closed from March 15 to August 31 to protect sage
grouse strutting areas and to reduce erosion of loose soils.
The north area was closed from December 1 to March 14
to restrict use in crucial deer winter range. Competitive
OHV events also occurred on this area during the same
periods as casual use. During the study period (1988-
1993), from 6 to 9 competitive events (motorcycle,
vehicle, horse) occurred each year, with 349 - 869 partici-
pants per year.
Other important recreational activities on the study area
include hang-gliding, which occurred off the north and
south sides of Pine Mountain, and hunting for species such
as mule deer, antelope, elk, and jackrabbit. Sage grouse
were hunted on the study area in the Wagontire and
Paulina units (see ODFW hunting regulations) during the
study period, except in 1991-1993, when the Paulina unit
was not hunted.
A variety of other activities have taken place on the study
area, such as residential development, wildfires, mining,
and juniper and sagebrush control projects.
5
Section 1- Lek Counts and Population Estimate
Introduction
The lek, or strutting ground, is the hub of year-round sage
grouse activity (Eng and Schladweiler 1972, Wallestad and
Pyrah 1974, Wallestad and Schladweiler 1974), with most
male sage grouse attending leks sometime during the
breeding season (Emmons and Braun 1984). Due to this
fact, censusing of males on strutting grounds can be used
to determine the estimated number of males in a given area
(Patterson 1952, Bibby et al. 1992). A population estimate
can be derived using the highest yearly count from each
lek. Yearly information can be used to monitor long-range
trends in male survival, which may suggest changes in the
condition of sage grouse habitat (June 1963).
Methods
BLM biologists counted leks with assistance from Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), from 1988 to
1993. A minimum of three counts per lek was obtained
during peak lek attendance for the years 1989 to 1993
(Patterson 1952, Jenni and Hartzler 1978). Lek counts
conducted in 1988 were less intensive, with one count
made per year on several leks. Also, several leks had not
been located in 1988. For these reasons, lek data from
1988 is not included in any statistical analyses.
There were 14 known leks on the study area in 1988.
Radio telemetry and aerial surveys were used from 1989 to
1993 to locate 6 new leks within the study area. We are
confident that all leks in the study area were located
through these intensive searches. Strutting grounds were
counted from first light and watched for fifteen to thirty
minutes. Longer periods of time were spent on leks that
were difficult to get to. Sage grouse counts were made
from a vehicle with binoculars and spotting scopes. Leks
that were close together were counted on the same day to
account for movement between leks.
Highest male counts from all leks were combined annually
to determine the estimated number of males within the
study area. It was assumed that 90% of the birds present
were being counted (Jenni and Hartzler 1978). Additional
birds were added to the number counted to compensate for
the 10% of the birds that were assumed to be missed. A
40:60 male/female sex ratio, developed from ODFW
harvest data, was then used to develop a population
estimate for the study area (Patterson 1952, Rogers 1964).
This estimate was only calculated for 1992 and 1993
because these were the only years for which all leks in the
study area were identified and counted. Counting all leks
is a prerequisite for using lek data to get a population
estimate.
The average number of males per lek was calculated for all
leks and all years to look for trends in the number of males
attending leks. Only the averages calculated for the 14
leks that had no gaps in the data from 1989 to 1993 (Table
1) were used in statistical analyses. Including the data
from the remaining 6 leks would have resulted in a weak
statistical analysis (See Appendix 1).4
Table 1. The highest count of males on each lek surveyed, on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM,
Deschutes and Crook counties, Oregon, 1988 to 1993.
LEK
1988 I
1989
090
1991
1992
1993
I
1. MILLICAN
50
~
39
27
25
26
24
I
2. EVANS WELL
9
15
9
5
6
6
3. MOFFIT RANCH
34
26
16
16
17
12
4. THE GAP
1
4
2
4
4
3
5. DICKERSON WELL
4
1
0
0
0
0
6. WHISKEY SPRINGS
12
18
11
7
16
14
7. SPICER FLAT
NA 1
25
24
14
12
10
8. LITTLE MUD LAKE
NA
7
11
4
5
1
9. SQUAW LAKE
NA
7
15
14
12
10
10. THE ROCK
33*
14
30
2'7
22
28
11. AUDUBON
24
12
15
10
7
12. GOVERNMENT WELL
10
1
7
2
0
'
13. DRY RIVER
5*
5
4
0
0
14. CIRCLE F
0*
27
28 '
'A
16
8
15. JAYNES WELL
0
0
0
0
0
0
16. SOUTH WELL
NA
NA
NA
17
12
7
17. WEST BUTTE
18
9
NA
2
2
3
18. MERRIL ROAD
NA
NA
NA
NA
21
15
19. TODD WELL
1 *
28
NA
31
26
19
20. IRELAND FLAT
NA
NA
NA
NA
13
21
TOTAL
201
242
199
206
220
185
MALES/LEK
14.4
14.2
13.3
11.4
11.0
9.3
*ONLY ONE COUNT PERFORMED
NA NUMBER OF BIRDS NOT AVAILABLE
NOTE: The shaded area represents 14 leks used to determine trend in the number of males per lek from 1989 through 1993.
8
Results
Lek Counts
Lek activity was documented as early as 1 March and as
late as 1 May. In 1988, 141eks were monitored. Six new
leks were located over the next 4 years; 17 leks were
monitored in 1989, 15 leks were monitored in 1990 (2
identified leks were not monitored due to access prob-
lems), 18 leks were monitored in 1991, and 20 leks were
monitored in 1992 and 1993.
The average number of males attending all 20 monitored
leks dropped from 14.4 males per lek in 1988 to 9.3 males
per lek in 1993 (Table 1). For the reasons mentioned
above, it could not be determined if this was a statistically
significant difference. On the 14 leks that were statisti-
cally analyzed, the average dropped from 14.6 males per
lek in 1989 to 8.6 males per lek in 1993 (Fig. 2). This
42% reduction over five years is a statistically significant
decline in the number of males per lek (REGRESSION
ANALYSIS P=0.0001). Total number of males counted
also declined over this period.
Sage grouse were observed being flushed off leks by
livestock and people. In instances when birds were
flushed before a reliable count had been taken, an addi-
tional count was made on another day.
Population Estimate
Using a 40:60 male to female ratio, and assuming that 90%
of the birds present were being counted by lek counts,
population estimates were calculated for 1992 and 1993.
The estimated population size for these years was 611 and
514 birds, respectively.
Discussion
Population estimates for this study were based on lek
counts of male sage grouse. Because a relationship
between lek counts and population size has not been
determined (Beck and Braun 1980) lek monitoring may
not be as reliable a measure of population trends for sage
grouse as monitoring which focuses on hens and chicks.
However, in this area, brood routes did not produce
enough sightings to allow for population estimating. Lek
counts are presently the best information available in this
area.
Many researchers believe that lek counts produce an
accurate population estimate. Patterson (1952) and Bibby
et al. (1992) feel that censusing of males on strutting
grounds can be used to determine the total number of
males in an area, if all leks are being counted. Jenni and
Hartzler (1978) think that peak numbers of males can be
estimated to within 90% by taking the highest of 3 counts.
rig. 1rena in males per lek, 1989-1993, Prineville District, BLM.
9
Braun (Colorado Division of Wildlife, pers. comm., 1994)
after reviewing the data from the current study, feels that
we are more likely only counting 70% of the male
population. However, biologists from the current study
feel that 90% of the males were being counted. The
reasons for this assumption are that 1) all leks were being
counted, 2) the average lek counts on this study area are
smaller than in other areas, making them easier to count,
3) the number of strutting birds at a lek during peak
activity was consistent from count to count, and 4) birds
were watched leaving leks in several instances and the
number of birds that flew off the leks was the same as the
number that had been counted strutting. Also, in some
cases, a lek area was walked after birds had left to locate
birds that may not have been visible. In most cases, birds
were not located.
The results of this study show a definitive decline in the
average number of males per lek on the 14 leks analyzed
and suggest a decline in total bird numbers. Some leks
which historically supported breeding sage grouse are now
abandoned, with some leks being abandoned within the
current study period. Although new leks were also located
during the study, it is felt that these were newly discovered
leks, not newly formed leks.
Current sage grouse numbers on the study area are low
compared to historic numbers in this area and in other
parts of Oregon, and compared to sage grouse numbers
from other states. These numbers indicate that this popula-
tion of sage grouse is at risk of extirpation (extinction in a
limited area). This is not an isolated population, but loss
of birds here would result in a further reduction of the
range of sage grouse in Oregon. Sage grouse counts
conducted by ODFW since 1950 from 41eks on the study
area, show that the number of males per lek averaged 62 in
1950 and 30 in 1960, compared to 11 males per lek
recorded on the same four leks in 1993. The average
number of males per lek in 1993 for the 14 leks statisti-
cally analyzed was 8.6 males per lek. The average for all
201eks in 1993 was 9.3 males per lek. Less than 15 males
per lek were recorded for every year of the study period.
In the 1940s and 1950s, the average number of males per
lek in Oregon was estimated at 36 and 44 respectively
(Crawford 1982b), while in Colorado, Rogers (1964)
reported an average of 30 males per lek. Braun (1991)
considers leks with less than 50 males to be marginal, and
feels that in areas with such small populations, manage-
ment needs to be intensified to ensure the existence of the
population. Braun (Colorado Division of Wildlife, pers.
comm., 1994) also has said that populations with less than
4 birds per square kilometer are at risk of extirpation.
Within our study area, there is less than .4 bird per square
kilometer. However, Braun makes his calculations based
solely on occupied habitat, while we used occupied and
potential (currently unoccupied, but suitable) habitat,
which we feel is more appropriate. Braun (1994) also has
said that he considers populations with greater than 500
birds to be persistent. The population sizes estimated for
this study were 611 birds in 1992 and 514 birds in 1993.
Although these estimates are above Braun's criteria for a
persistent population, they are close to this level, and
further point out the risk that this population faces.
It may not be realistic to expect sage grouse numbers on
this study area as high as seen in other states, due to
habitat differences, lower reproductive rates, and the
prolonged drought that occurred in Central Oregon for
most of the study period. However, based on historic
grouse numbers on the study area (Appendix 2), we would
expect the population to be at higher levels than it is.
There are several factors that could be causing the decline
in sage grouse. Many researchers (Rogers 1964, Martin
1970, Wallestad 1975b, Braun et al. 1977, Call and Maser
1986) have reported that practices which remove sage-
brush around a lek can cause population declines or even
abandonment of the lek. In Montana, Wallestad (1975b)
reported that a 31% loss of habitat adjacent to a lek
coincided with a 63% decline in strutting males at that lek.
As mentioned earlier, sagebrush surrounding leks is crucial
to strutting birds for food and cover. Habitat alteration
around leks was not specifically studied here, but it is
possible that such alterations may be the cause of the
abandonment of certain leks.
Another possible cause of the decline in sage grouse
numbers is degradation of nesting, brood or winter habitat.
In Wyoming, a sagebrush control project on sage grouse
winter range reduced the population of sage grouse from
greater than 1000 sage grouse to zero in four years (Higby
1969). Similar control projects in Idaho led to the cessa-
tion of nesting on an area sprayed the year the study was
conducted (Klebenow 1969b). Other areas in Klebenow's
study that had been sprayed up to 5 years previously
showed almost no use by nesting birds. Sagebrush control,
including spraying, burning, crested wheatgrass plantings,
and agricultural land conversions, has occurred on over
32,000 ha of the current BLM study area within the last 35
years. Sagebrush has grown back in some of the sprayed
areas.
Another factor that can affect sage grouse habitats is
grazing. Several studies have addressed this issue.
Autenrieth (1973) found that livestock competition with
broods on wet meadows negatively affected some sage
grouse populations in Idaho. Klebenow (1982), working
in Nevada, found that heavily grazed meadows in poor
condition were avoided by sage grouse broods. In
Autenrieth's study, livestock were removing forbs before
the arrival of broods on the meadows. Klebenow found
that loss of cover due to heavy grazing was causing the
avoidance of these areas. Other biologists share this
opinion that grazing can be detrimental to sage grouse.
10
Braun (1992, letter of 19 March) feels that the biggest
threat to sage grouse continues to be overgrazing by
domestic livestock and management of rangelands for
livestock. Sixty-five BLM biologists surveyed for the Fish
and Wildlife 2000 Upland Game Bird Strategy Plan
(1992), most frequently reported that livestock grazing
impacts to riparian and upland habitats, and management
in support of livestock were the primary reasons they
perceived for the decline in sage grouse. However,
Klebenow (1982) found that dense grassy meadows that
had been grazed lightly or moderately were attractive to
sage grouse, and Evans (1986) found that sage grouse
broods used grazed meadows more frequently than
ungrazed meadows on the Sheldon National Wildlife
Refuge in Nevada. Evans thought that broods were
attracted to these areas due to forb regrowth stimulated by
grazing. Grazing occurred on the current BLM study area
at the levels described in the Study Area section of this
report.
Another possible factor in the decline of sage grouse is
nest and brood predation. During the late 1950s and
1960s, when coyote and raven populations in Oregon were
suppressed with 1080 poisonous baits, sage grouse indices
(chicks/adult, chicks/hen, grouse/16 km) rose (Willis et al.
1993). The use of 1080 was ended in 1972, and declines
in sage grouse productivity since then may be due in part
to increases in coyote and raven populations. In recent
years, all studies on nesting sage grouse in Oregon have
shown a high incidence of predation during nesting and
early brood rearing (Willis et al. 1993). However, it is
generally thought that while predation is an immediate
cause of poor reproduction, the underlying cause is poor
habitat condition, which leaves birds more vulnerable to
predators (Braun 1994, Crawford and DeLong 1993, J.
Connelly, Idaho Fish and Game, pers. comm., 1993).
Predation rates on our study area were comparable to that
found in other areas and are discussed more fully in
Section 3 of this report. No information is available on
predator control on the study area.
As mentioned in the methods, high counts from each lek
were used in the analysis of sage grouse numbers, as is
suggested in the literature (Patterson 1952). However, it
was observed that a few males frequently moved between
neighboring leks. By using the highest count from these
leks, we may be counting some birds twice.
11
Section 2 - Precipitation and Lek Counts
EntroductICE 1
Sage grouse researchers have suspected a correlation
between sage grouse abundance and precipitation, but little
information exists on the subject. Patterson (1952)
speculated that sage grouse population cycles were related
to precipitation, but he did not present any data to support
this hypothesis. Rich (1985) found a correlation between
weather variables and population size, but none of the
variables were useful in predicting population size.
Finding a correlation between precipitation and sage
grouse numbers would be helpful in interpreting yearly
fluctuations in sage grouse population numbers.
Methods
Precipitation data from 1959 to 1993 was gathered from
the Climatological Survey of Oregon for the Brothers
weather station, located in the center of the study area.
Precipitation from crop year (October - June) and water
year (October - September) was compared with lek
numbers gathered from 41eks on the study area during the
same time period. Correlations were considered signifi-
cant at the P=O. 10 level. Data from 1959-1987 was
collected by ODFW and BLM, and data from 1988-1993
was collected by BLM for this study. The 1959-1987 lek
counts had only one observation for each lek and this
observation was used in the analysis. Three or more
counts were obtained from 1988-1993 and the highest
count was used in the analysis. All leks were within 12.8
km of the Brothers weather station. Lek data from 1950 to
1993 for the same four leks was examined to look for
evidence of a population cycle. (See Appendix 2.)
Results
Average lek counts were positively correlated with
precipitation from the previous year's water year and the
crop year of two years ago. In other words, the number of
males on leks in 1994 is influenced by the amount of
precipitation in the 1991-92 crop year (P=0.09) and the
1992-1993 water year (P=0.004). Using water year and
crop year together produced a stronger relationship with
bird numbers than when analyzed separately.
A graph of sage grouse numbers over time (Fig. 3) reveals
that population fluctuations in this area are cyclic. Popula-
tion highs have steadily declined since the 1950s. The last
population peak was reached in 1988.
13
Discussion
The results of this study suggests that sage grouse numbers
are influenced by the precipitation received in the previous
2 years. Precipitation most likely affects sage grouse
numbers by influencing the production of forbs and
herbaceous cover at nests. High levels of precipitation in
the winter lead to an increased availability of forbs in the
spring. Availability of forbs, a more nutritious food than
sagebrush, during the breeding season may influence
reproductive success of female sage grouse (Barnett and
Crawford 1992). For ruffed grouse, it has been suggested
that it is the physiological condition of the bird prior to
nesting that determines its productivity and, subsequently,
the current season's production (Gullion 1970). Also,
forbs are an important part of the sage grouse chick's diet.
Increased precipitation also will lead to greater growth of
shrubs and grasses, resulting in better nesting cover and,
possibly, increased nesting and brooding success. Either
of these situations could result in an increase in the adult
population 1 to 2 years later.
Autenrieth et al. (1982) believed that cold, wet weather
during the nesting period could reduce chick survival, and
would therefore be correlated with sage grouse numbers.
We found no correlation between precipitation during the
nesting season and abundance of sage grouse. However,
precipitation during much of the study period was less than
the historical average for this area.
The data presented here show that sage grouse numbers in
this area are cyclic (Fig. 3). Rich (1985) found a 10-year
cycle for sage grouse in Idaho, Utah and Nevada. Time
between population highs on the BLM study area ranged
from 7-15 years. Rich found precipitation variables to be
correlated with lek counts and thought that precipitation
may be involved in the cycling of populations. The data
collected in this study also suggests that precipitation plays
a role in the cycle. However, it is widely accepted that
weather variables alone are not sufficient to cause popula-
tions to cycle (Lack 1954, Bergerud 1970, Watson and
Moss 1979); other factors are probably involved as well.
A statistical model to predict sage grouse numbers based
on precipitation and other factors is currently in develop-
ment using the data collected as described in the Methods
for this section.
The recognition of a population cycle has important
implications to research and management of sage grouse.
Evaluations of population health, population responses to
habitat changes, and critical habitat are often based on the
size of the population. When a population cycle exists, the
year in which data is collected is important. Accurate
descriptions of habitat and population health may require
many years of data (Rich 1985).
Fig. 3. Historic lek counts representing the average number of males per lek at four sites, Prineville District, BLM,
1950-1993.
14
Section 3 - Nesting Habitat and
Reproductive Success
Introduction
Quality of nesting habitat is one of the most important
factors in the success of sage grouse populations. A
primary function of nesting habitat is the protection of the
hen and her nest from predation, which is the primary
factor influencing sage grouse nesting success in Oregon
(Batterson and Morse 1948, Nelson 1955). While preda-
tion may be the most immediate cause of nest failure, the
underlying cause may be a lack of adequate cover at nests.
This would make the nest easier to see and, therefore,
more vulnerable to predation (Gregg et al. 1994). To
properly manage the nesting habitat, we need an under-
standing of what habitat types sage grouse are selecting at
this time and how this selection is affecting the success of
their nests. This is also true of brood habitat. Previous
studies of summer habitat use by sage grouse have shown
that sagebrush and forbs are essential components of brood
habitat (Wallestad 1971, Drut et al. 1994) and that broods
require a variety of habitat types during the brood rearing
phase (Wallestad 1971, Dunn and Braun 1986). Typical
brood habitat identified in earlier studies is not prevalent
on this study area, so observations were needed on broods
to determine which habitat types were being used. Radio-
telemetry was used in this study to help answer these
questions.
Methods
Radio Telemetry
Trapping and Radio-Marking
Sage grouse were captured periodically between spring
1991 and spring 1993 and fitted with a poncho-mounted
23g solar powered radio transmitter with nicad batteries
(Amstrup 1980) Birds were fitted with numbered leg
bands, which were used to help identify recaptured birds.
Birds were trapped on leks in 1991 and on summer, fall
and winter roosting areas in 1992 and 1993. Net guns,
spotlights and long handled nets were used to capture sage
grouse, using methods described by Giesen et al. (1982).
The spotlighting technique was used most frequently with
50 of 52 of the sage grouse captured with this method.
The remaining 2 birds were captured using a hand held net
gun. The sex and age of the birds were determined at the
time of capture.
Monitoring Radio-Marked Sage Grouse
Habitat use by sage grouse was determined year round by
locating radio-marked hens using a hand-held directional
antenna and portable receiver. Flights from fixed winged
aircraft with a wing-mounted antenna were used periodi-
cally to locate birds. Hens were monitored two to three
15
days per week during the spring (15 March to 15 June) to
determine location, movement, cover type use, and nest
site locations.
Radio-marked hens that produced a successful brood (n=3)
were monitored two to three times weekly until the first
week of August. All locations were recorded with respect
to bird frequency, date, time, township, range, section,
quarter section, UTM coordinates, number of birds with
the radio-marked bird, weather condition, and habitat type
at the location site.
Nine cover types were defined based on dominant shrubs
and grasses (Table 2) and marked on study area topo-
graphic maps. Ground verification of cover types was
made at each location site of radio-marked grouse. Habitat
availability was determined (kmz and and the location
and range of available habitat cover types were displayed
on a study area map (Fig. 4).
Vegetation Measurements
Nesting and Brood Rearing Habitat
Components
Vegetation measurements were taken at 20 nests and at 40
randomly selected locations. Random locations were
distributed throughout the study area and were selected by
randomly generated UTM coordinates. Measurements at
random locations were used to compare available habitat
types to sage grouse nesting sites.
Table 2. Description of cover types on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and Crook
counties, Oregon 1991 to 1993.
COVER TYPE
COVER TYPE (DESCRIPTION
Mountain big sagebrush (MBS)
Common throughout the area on varied soil types. Primary vegetation consist of mountain
bigsagebrush (A. t. vaseyana zericensis), associatedwith understory grasses of Idaho Fescue
(Festuca idahoensis), bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix), and needlegrass (Stipa spp.)
Mountain shrub (MS)
Occurs in deep sandy or pumice soils bordering forested areas of Ponderosa pine (Pinus
ponderosa). Dominated by mountain big sagebrush (A. t. vaseyana zericensis), and antelope
bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), supporting understory grasses of Idaho Fescue (Festuca
idahoensis), and needlegrass Stipa spp.).
Low Sagebrush (LS)
Found on shallow clay soils near drainages or scabrock flats. Primary vegetation of this cover
type is low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula), supporting understory grasses of Idaho Fescue
(Festuca idahoensis), needlegrass (Stipa spp.), and sedge (Carex spp.).
Grassland (GRA)
Natural grasslands and areas disturbed by fire. Sagebrush cover of <5 percent. Primary plant
types are Idaho Fescue (Festuca idahoensis), bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum),
bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix).
Silver sagebrush (SS)
Occurs in drainages and depressions that support water during winter and spring months.
Primary vegetation of this cover type is silver sagebrush (A. cana bolanderi), mat muhly
(Muhlenbergia richardsonis), and sedge (Carex spp.).
Juniper/MBS (JUOCMBS)
Found on exposed ridges and side slopes in deep sand or rocky soils. Dominate vegetation
consist of western juniper (Juniper occidentalis), mountain big sagebrush (A. t. vaseyana
zericensis), with understory grasses of Idaho Fescue (Festuca idahoensis), bluebunch
wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix).
Juniper/LS (JUOCLS)
Found on shallow clay soils near drainages or scabrock flats. Primary vegetation consist of
western juniper (Juniper occidentalis), low sagebrush (Artemisia arbuscula), supporting
understory grasses of Idaho Fescue (Festuca idahoensis), and sedge (Carex spp.).
Basin big sagebrush (BBS)
Occurs in drainages and dry lake basins. Primary vegetation consist of basin big sagebrush
(A. t. tridentata), needlegrass (Stipa spp.), and sedge (Carex spp.).
Ponderosa pine (PIPO)
Occurs on deep sandy or pumice soils associated with areas receiving >30 cm of moisture.
Primary vegetation consist of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), mountain big sagebrush (A.
t. vaseyana zericensis), antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), associated with understory
grasses of Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), and bottlebrush squirreltail (Sitanion hystrix).
16
4~ 45
F F
Fg. 4. Habitat Cover Types, Prineville District, BLM.
w
G
W
d
W
4
1 ~1
p.
s
J
W
4
W
-e---~IlZ
n~ ~ T
2, ~ m
R, b
J. UI T, ~i
l1J ~j~ '
L - L GA
rr.n ` .L
.n O• Z C
G ~ L
lYJ J Cl! = .r ,,r j
F ,yf f' 1
Q.
L~
r
A~
+W+
0
ru
~d
m
a
~Jy ~ h5
L ~
~ -m
4&
y
U mo
1 C7
17
Nest Area
(75-m2 area)
.Fig. 5. Nest plot (78mz) is used to measure vegetative characteristics at nest sites and random locations. The nest center
(3m2) is the center of the nest or nest bowl, and the nest area (75mz) that surrounds the nest center.
The following habitat characteristics were measured at
nests and random sites: percent cover of shrubs, grasses,
forbs, litter and bare ground; height of shrubs; frequency
of herbaceous vegetation; and horizontal cover. Two 10m
perpendicular transects intersecting at the nest center were
arranged forming a 78mz area with a 5m circular radius
(Fig. 5) (Gregg et al. 1994). Canopy cover of all shrubs
was recorded along each transect using the intercept
distance (cm) method (Candfield 1941). Height of each
shrub intercepted was measured and classified into three
classes: low (0-40 cm), medium (40-80 cm) and tall (>80
cm). Grass and forb cover were also measured along each
transect using Daubenmire plots (Daubenmire 1959).
Values taken at the nest center were averaged to represent
cover there, while the rest of the measurements were
averaged to represent cover within the nest area. Compari-
sons of all measured habitat variables were made between
nest sites and random sites and between successful and
unsuccessful nests using a Kruskal-Wallis test (See
Appendix 3).
Hens that had established nests were monitored two to
three times per week. If a hen was more than 500 m from
her nest, the nest was checked for evidence of hatching,
18
predation or abandonment. If nesting was concluded due
to any of these causes, vegetation measurements were
collected immediately. Nest fate was determined, with a
nest considered successful if at least one chick hatched.
Vegetation measurements were taken on all nests within
three days of hatching, predation or abandonment.
Vegetation measurements were taken at brood locations
using the same procedure as described for nesting habitat.
Due to small sample sizes, statistical comparisons between
brood habitat use and availability would not be valid and,
therefore, were not made.
Results
Nesting and Brood Rearing Success
Nesting success information was obtained from 28 radio-
marked hens from 1991 through 1993 (Table 3). An
additional 12 hens were monitored, but no information
could be gathered due to death of the hen, inability to
locate the bird, or radio failure.
During the three seasons, 19 of 28 (68%) monitored hens
initiated nesting activity by beginning a nest (Table 3).
The remaining nine hens were not observed nesting.
These birds may have started and abandoned a nest before
they were located. Seven of these birds remained alone for
several days and then joined other non-nesting hens, while
the other two remained alone for most of the summer.
Nest success was consistent over the three years of study,
with an average of 30% (6/20) nest success (Table 3).
Sixty-five percent of the nests (13/20) were predated, with
ravens (Corvus corax) and coyotes (Canis latrans) being
the primary nest predators. Badgers (Taxidea taxus) were
responsible for the loss of 2 nests. No information is
available on predator numbers on the study area during the
study period. During the 3 years of the study, 1 nest was
abandoned and 1 renest attempt was made. Three of the six
(50%) successfully nesting hens produced a successful
brood, which was defined as a brood from which one chick
was recruited into the August population.
Habitat Components
Fasting
Habitat component measurements were collected from 20
nests and 40 random sites. Sage grouse nested in 4 of 9
available cover types within the study area (Table 4).
Habitat use by nesting hens differed significantly from
habitat availability (Log likelihood ratio test, P=0.01)
(Appendix 3); however, it could not be statistically
determined which habitat types were being selected for or
avoided. Most of the nests (60%) were established in the
mountain big sagebrush cover type, which was also the
most available cover type (64%). Fifty percent of the
successful nests were in this habitat type. Thirty-five
percent of nests occurred within the mountain shrub and
grassland cover types, which comprised only 3 percent of
the available habitat. Only one nest occurred in the low
sagebrush cover type (Table 4). Ninety-five percent (19/
20) of the nests were under medium-height sagebrush and
the remaining nest was under medium-height currant.
Vegetative characteristics at nests and random locations
differed. Nest centers had taller grass (x-= 22 cm; Kruskal
TkhRe 3. Il epiroEuc tIlvce stt lus off n°ndn®-mzirked azge gn°®nnse mains duirnng the nncesttnnng and biroodnnng
peirnod (Mzirch-August), on the Deschutes ResouTce An°ee9 3 LM, Deschutes %nnd ECirook counnt fes9
0n°egon9 IM to R993o
'IC®QaiIl U ve Nests Rennestt Nest Nests Birood
Hens H nntua ted Attempts UnnsuccessffuE SuccessTUH Success
1991
5
4
1992
12
6
1993
11
10
Total
28
20
0 3 1 0
0 4 2 1
7 3 2
14 6 3
19
Nests s® Randoms
25
v9 20
15
e
C)
10
o~
2 5
0
NESS'S HANDOMS
N = 20 N o 40
Fig. 6. Grass height at sage grouse nests and random plots, Prineville District, BLM.
nrub
Cover
30
I_- S~SHRB
Z3 MEDIUM SHRUB
25
®TALL SHRUB
20
15
Q
Q
E~
10
- -
5
- -
A
M
d
_
0
NEST
NEST
NEST
RANDOM
CENTER
AREA
PLOT
PLOT
Fig. 7. Shrub cover at sage grouse nests and random plots, Prineville District, BLM.
20
Fig. 8. Grass height at successful and unsuccessful sage grouse nests, Prineville District, BLM.
Amount of Tall Shrub at Nests
7
6
5
d
® 4
U
0 3
a
2
1
0
NEST CENTER
NEST AREA
NEST PLOT
Fig. 9. Tall shrub cover at successful and unsuccessful sage grouse nests, Prineville District, BLM.
21
Brood Rearing
Table 4. Cover types, cover types available,
and percent of nests (n = 20) in cover types
used by radio-marked sage grouse hens on
the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes
and Crook counties, Oregon, 1991 to 1993.
Cover type % % of
Available Nests
Forty-six observations were made on three broods from
1991 to 1993. Observations were made in 3 habitat types:
mountain big sagebrush, mountain shrub and grassland.
Eighty-three percent (38/46) of the observations were in
the mountain big sagebrush habitat type.
Discussion
Nesting
Mountain big sagebrush 64 60
Mountain shrub 2 25
Grassland
1
10
Low sagebrush
9
5
Juniper/Mountain big sagebrush
20
0
Juniper/Low sagebrush
2
0
Silver sagebrush
1
0
Basin big sagebrush
<1
0
Ponderosa pine
<1
0
Wallis, P=0.088)(Fig. 6) and greater medium shrub (40 -
80 cm; Kruskal Wallis, P=0.0021) and total shrub cover
(Kruskal Wallis, P=0.0001) than did random sites. Total
shrub cover was significantly greater at nest plots than at
random sites (Kruskal Wallis, P=0.012)
(Fig. 7) (Appendix 3).
Habitat characteristics at successful and unsuccessful nests
also differed. Nest centers of successful nests had signifi-
cantly taller grass (-x= 28 cm; Kruskal Wallis, P=0.001)
and more tall shrub cover (>80 cm; Kruskal Wallis,
P=0.001) than the nest centers of unsuccessful nests. The
nest area of successful nests had significantly more tall
shrub cover (Kruskal Wallis, P=0.033) than the nest area of
unsuccessful nests. In the nest plot, the amount of tall
shrub cover was significantly greater at successful nests
than at unsuccessful nests (Kruskal Wallis, P=0.012) (Fig.
8 and 9) (Appendix 3).
All of the nests monitored were within 12.9 km of the
nearest lek. Fifty percent of the nests were within 8.0 km
of the nearest lek and 25% of the nests were within 3.2 km
of the nearest lek.
Nest success on the BLM study area (30%) was low
compared to areas in Idaho and Wyoming, but high when
compared with recent studies in southeast Oregon. In
Wyoming, Patterson (1952) found nest success on his two
study areas to be 52.4% and 38.4%. In Idaho, Autenrieth
(1981) reported a nest success of 61% on the portion of his
study area that had the best nest cover. Recent studies in
southeast Oregon show lower success rates. Crawford et
al. (1992) reported an average nest success of 15% at Hart
Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) and
Jackass Creek, both in southeastern Oregon, during the
same years our study was conducted (1989-1992).
Crawford and DeLong (1993), also working at HMNAR,
reported a nest success of 20% in 1992. Nesting success
in Oregon may be low due to a combination of poor
habitat conditions (habitat degradation, fringe of sage
grouse range), habitat loss, recent drought, and high raven
populations. Ravens were primary nest predators on our
study area.
Information on predation rates on sage grouse nests from
other study areas suggests that our predation rates are
average. We reported that 65% of nests were predated,
with 93% of failed nests being the result of predation.
Patterson (1952) found that in Wyoming, 33% of nests in
an agricultural area and 59% of nests in an undeveloped
semi-desert area were predated. He felt the lower preda-
tion rate in the agricultural area was due to the loss of
some mammalian predators due to agricultural develop-
ment. Crawford and Delong (1993), working in Southeast
Oregon, found that 71% of artificial nests were predated
and that 96% of nest failure was attributable to predation.
Predator species in Southeast Oregon were similar to those
found on our study area, with coyotes, ravens, badgers and
ground squirrels being the primary predators. Crawford
and Delong (1993) also reported that differences in
predation rates between areas were attributable to differ-
ences in vegetative cover. This supports the idea that
while predation is an immediate cause of nest failure, lack
of appropriate nesting cover is the underlying cause. This
point is also supported by Braun et al. (1994) and Connelly
(Idaho Fish and Game, pers. comm., 1993) who have both
said that when good quality habitat exists in large blocks,
predation is not a problem for sage grouse.
22
One nest was abandoned during the study period. The
abandoning hen was the only yearling that nested during
the study period. Yearling hens do not nest as frequently
as adult hens (Connelly 1993) and are more prone to nest
abandonment (Autenrieth et al. 1982). This yearling was
flushed off the nest once, but it is not known if this
contributed to her abandonment of the nest.
Only one unsuccessful hen in this study renested, a
renesting rate of 6% for the study period. Renesting rates
for sage grouse are typically low, with both Patterson
(1952) and Eng (1963) reporting renesting rates of <10%.
However, higher rates have been reported. Connelly
(1993) found a 15% renesting rate in Idaho and Petersen
(1980) found that 41% of unsuccessful hens in North Park,
Colorado renested. Crawford et al. (1992) found renesting
rates at HMNAR and Jackass Creek, Oregon to be 10%
and 11% respectively. Renesting rates on our study area
may be low due to poor nutrition caused by drought during
the study period. If the hens are not getting adequate
nutrition, they may not be in good enough condition to
renest. This is supported by Barnett and Crawford (1994)
who found that consumption of forbs during the pre-laying
period may affect reproductive success by improving the
nutritional status of hens. Low renesting rates may also be
due to the breakup of leks by early summer (Eng 1963).
Hens that did not nest or were unsuccessful nesters
gathered in summer and fall areas. Thus, these areas are
not only important during the summer and fall months, but
are used by this segment of the population during the
spring months, as well.
Results of this study indicate that sage grouse hens
selectively choose habitat types for nesting. Although tests
could not be conducted to statistically determine which
habitat types were being selected or avoided, certain
habitat types seem to be important. The mountain big
sagebrush type contained 60% of all nests and 50% of the
successful nests. This habitat type is prevalent on the
study area. However, half is in an early (8%) or mid-seral
(42%) stage (from Range Sites developed by SVIM and
SCS surveys, 1978 and 1979), which is not optimum for
nesting (Hall 1985). Also important is the mountain shrub
habitat, which contained 25% of the nests, though it made
up only 2% of the available habitat.
Within a plant community, grass height and shrub cover
were important determinants of nest success. Taller grass
was found at nest sites than at random sites and successful
nest sites had taller grass than unsuccessful sites. Medium
and tall shrubs were also recurrent components of success-
ful nest sites. These results are consistent with results from
previous studies, which noted the importance of medium
height sagebrush (Patterson 1952, Nelson 1955, Gill 1965,
Gray 1967, Klebenow 1969a, Wallestad and Pyrah 1974,
Peterson 1980, Schoenberg 1982, Crawford et al. 1992)
and a herbaceous understory (grasses and forbs) to nest
success (Gregg 1991, Crawford et al. 1992).
An important conclusion from these results is that habitat
structure is as important to nest success as plant composi-
tion. This conclusion was also made by Crawford et al.
(1992) who suggested that use of mixed sage communities
by nesting hens at Jackass Creek, Oregon was due to the
structurally diverse nature of this habitat type. They also
found that greater amounts of residual tall grass cover and
medium shrub cover at nest sites reduced the probability of
predation. Grazing by domestic livestock is one factor
associated with the amount of residual grass cover found at
a site (Crawford et al. 1992). Grazing that occurs just prior
to nesting (winter and early spring) has the most immedi-
ate effect on residual cover; adequate herbaceous cover
should be left for concealment of nests.
Distances from nest sites to the nearest lek were similar to
that found in other areas. Gill (1965), Wallestad and Pyrah
(1974) and Autenrieth (1976, unpubl. data) each found that
all nests were within 12.9 km of the nearest lek, as did we.
The similarity between our study and Autenrieth's (Idaho
Dept. of Fish and Game, 1976, unpubl. data) continues in
that both found 50% of nests to be within 8.0 km of a lek,
and 25% of nests to be within 3.2 km of the nearest lek.
This contradicts the findings of early researchers that most
nests occur within 3.2 km of the nearest lek. These early
assumptions were based on populations in areas where
grouse could find most of their requirements in a small
area. Other populations need to range farther to find
suitable nesting areas. This is seen on our study area at the
Millican lek, where good nesting habitat is not found
surrounding the lek. Most of the hens bred here nested
greater than 3.2 km (3.2 - 12.8 km) from the lek. It is
possible that hens nested closer to this lek in the past when
habitat conditions were more suitable. This is supported
by the fact that one hen did nest within 2 miles of the
Millican lek during the study period. It is possible that
part of the population that used to nest close to the lek has
been lost due to habitat alterations. Female sage grouse
show strong nest site fidelity (Gates 1983, Fischer et al.
1993). Thus, those birds that nested close to the lek would
return there, even if their success was low. Eventually, this
segment of the population would not replace itself and
would be lost.
Additional analysis of nest placement with respect to leks
is needed using leks where quality nesting habitat is found
close to the lek to allow for the comparison of the behavior
of these birds to those at Millican lek.
BIrGcd ReRIrn nF,
Most of the brood observations were found in the moun-
tain big sagebrush habitat type, which was also important
to nesting hens. This underscores the importance of this
23
habitat type, and the importance of preserving and improv-
ing it, as was discussed in the nesting discussion of this
section.
Broods in this study moved only short distances 3.2 km)
while they were monitored. This suggests that broods met
all of their requirements in a small area, suggesting that
these locations provide good brood rearing habitat. As
discussed in the life cycle section of this report, good
brood rearing habitat has open sites for feeding, with
adequate amounts of forbs and insects, and small areas of
dense sagebrush for roosting. Forbs were abundant at
brood sites in this study and included small-flowered blue-
eyed Mary, microsteris, Oregon sunshine, everlasting,
milk-vetch, buckwheat, desert parsley, lupine, monkey
flower, and phlox.
24
Section 4 - Summer Diet
Introduction
Studies throughout sage grouse range have documented
that sage grouse are solely dependent upon sagebrush from
October through April (Girard 1937, Rasmussen and
Griner 1938, Bean 1941, Patterson 1952, Leach and
Hensley 1954, Nelson 1955, Klebenow and Gray 1968,
Savage 1969, Martin 1970, Peterson 1970, Oakleaf 1971).
During the spring, the sage grouse diet shifts primarily to
forbs, which are very important to pre-laying hens and
broods. Sage grouse consume fewer forbs and more
shrubs as summer forbs begin to dry, but little is known
about the exact composition of the summer diet. Patterson
(1952) found summer diets to be 45% sagebrush by
volume, while Martin (1970) reported that sagebrush
comprised 34% of the summer diet of sage grouse in
Montana, with forbs constituting most of the remaining
66%. Patterson (1952) found that a few insects were
present in the crop throughout the warmer months (April
to October). In Oregon, Batterson and Morse (1948)
found that the summer diet of sage grouse consisted
mostly of alfalfa leaves, dandelion, clover, wild mustard
and insects. To help clarify summer food requirements for
sage grouse in this area, a summer diet study was initiated
on the Prineville District BLM study area.
Methods
~iL I
Adult sage grouse hens were collected from two habitat
types (a lakebed mountain big sagebrush/Idaho fescue
habitat type at Van Lake, and a drier mountain big sage-
brush/needlegrass habitat type with pumice soils in
Kotzman Basin) during mid-June, mid-July, mid-August,
and mid-September 1992. These habitat types were chosen
to compare diets in typical summer habitat, as represented
by the Van Lake site, with that of a less typical type, as
represented by the Kotzman Basin site. Kotzman Basin is
characterized by pumice soils and supports a large concen-
tration of birds. Five birds were collected at Van Lake and
3 at Kotzman Basin over the 4 months. Hens were col-
lected during the evening to ensure a full crop. Hens were
aged and weighed, and their crops were extracted. Plants
and insects eaten by the sage grouse were identified to
genus and species. Vegetation measurements were taken
at each collection site using the 78-m2 plot (Fig. 5), to
describe the foraging area and identify available plants.
Crops were frozen immediately to preserve contents and
were transferred to Oregon State University (OSU) for
chemical nutrient analysis. Key foods eaten by female
sage grouse, for which samples equalling 0.75 grams in
dry weight could be obtained, were analyzed for levels of
crude protein using the Kjeldahl procedure.
25
Fig. 10. Sage grouse crop contents, 1992, Prineville District, BLM.
Results
The crop composition of all 8 hens was nearly 100% plant
material. Ants were occasionally found in crops, but made
up less than 1% of the contents of any crop. Plants most
abundant in crops were mountain big sagebrush (leaves
and galls), green rabbitbrush, Oregon sunshine, mustard,
locoweed, phlox, western yarrow and paintbrush. Big
sagebrush and rabbitbrush made up 57% of the combined
crop contents of all 8 birds. No grasses were found in crops.
At Van Lake, 5 types of forbs were eaten, but they made
up only 13% of the crop contents of the 5 birds combined.
The remaining 87% was shrub. At Kotzman Basin, only 1
forb, Oregon Sunshine, was found in the crops, but this
forb made up 55% of the combined crop contents of the 3
birds (Fig. 10).
Rabbitbrush contained the highest amounts of crude
protein (21.9%) and calcium (1.5%) of any of the plants
found in crops. Sagebrush leaves and galls and Oregon
sunshine leaves all contained approximately 12.5% crude
protein.
Discussion
The feeding habits of the two groups of birds studied was
noticeably different, but it is unclear whether these
differences are due to selection or availability. In Kotzman
Basin, where Oregon Sunshine made up over half the diet,
no other commonly eaten forb was available in large
numbers. Oregon Sunshine (Family Compositae), never
described in sage grouse diets before, grows in the
moisture-retaining pumice soil that is characteristic of
Kotzman Basin. Sage grouse may be selecting for this
forb in Kotzman Basin, which could help explain the
congregation of birds there during the summer and fall.
Nutritionally, there does not appear to be much benefit
from choosing Oregon Sunshine over sagebrush, for both
have the same levels of crude protein (12.5%). However,
Oregon Sunshine may be more palatable or have a higher
moisture content than sagebrush, making it a more
attractive food. Additionally, there may be an unknown
nutritional value gained from consuming this forb.
Currently, little is known about the nutritional require-
ments of sage grouse, making it difficult to determine why
26
certain foods are eaten and whether these foods are
meetin, the nutritional needs of the sage grouse. It has
been shown that sage grouse selectively choose foods with
hig:1 nutrient content, especially high protein values.
Remington and Braun (1985) found that sage grouse fed
primarily on the subspecies of sagebrush containing the
most protein, fed at sites where the preferred subspecies of
sagebrush contained more protein, and fed on individual
plants within subspecies that had the highest protein levels.
Barnett and Crawford (1994) reported that pre-laying hens
selectively ate forbs over sagebrush. These forbs were
higher in crude protein and phosphorous than the sage-
brush and eating them improved the nutritional status of
the hens. Female ruffed grouse and ptarmigan that obtain
high nutrition diets in spring produce larger clutches and
larger, more viable chicks (Beckerton and Middleton 1982,
Hanssen et al. 1982). Diets with high protein content may
be important to the reproductive potential of female sage
grouse.
Due to the low number of birds used for the diet study,
these results are only preliminary and may not represent
the diet of all sage grouse in this area. Also, this study was
conducted in a low precipitation year. Diet samples should
also be collected in a wetter year to ensure an accurate
description of the sage grouse diet.
27
Section 5 - Water Developments
Introduction
t
.
.
V4)
i2
Artificial water developments have been suggested as a
method for enhancing sage grouse summer range
(Autenrieth 1981, Autenrieth et al. 1982) and ODFW has
suggested such a plan for Central Oregon. However, little
information exists about sage grouse use of free water.
The information that exists is contradictory, with some
researchers suggesting that sage grouse do not require free
water (Trueblood 1954, Nelson 1955), and others saying
they do require water during the dry summer and fall (June
1967). It is well documented that sage grouse move into
green meadows and lakebed habitats during late summer
and early fall, bringing them close to water holes
(Patterson 1952, Klebenow and Gray 1968, Klebenow
1969a, Savage 1969). Whether the water holes are used,
or are incidental to use of these areas for forbs, is not clear.
Even less information is available on sage grouse use of
artificial water developments than on their use of natural
water sources. In Southeast Oregon, Batterson and Morse
(1948) investigated the use of developed and undeveloped
water sources by sage grouse and learned that sage grouse
used undeveloped water sources 62.5% more than devel-
oped sources. A better understanding of sage grouse use
of water developments would help land managers deter-
mine the usefulness of proposed water developments.
Methods
f ~
~~t 4 wyy i
TS x t' ,q.Z~
r,
Sage grouse use of water developments was studied
between 1 August and 1 October 1991. Use of water
developments was assessed for both radio-marked and
unmarked sage grouse.
Water developments were located 2 weeks prior to
surveying. Four types of sources were identified: drink
pools, guzzlers, dugouts and troughs. Water developments
were selected for surveying based on accessibility to sage
grouse. To assess use by unmarked grouse, water develop-
ments were visited one hour before sunrise and monitored
until approximately one-half hour after sunrise. Observa-
tions were made from a vehicle with binoculars and a
spotting scope at a distance of 90 m. To assess use by
radio-marked sage grouse, marked hens were located with
radio telemetry equipment one hour before sunrise and
monitored until approximately one-half hour after sunrise.
The location of each bird was marked on a topographic
map and distance (km) to the nearest water source was
estimated.
In addition, habitat cover type was recorded at radio-
marked hen locations. The number of water sources
within each cover type was used to investigate the relation-
ship between habitat use and water source distribution
km2).
29
The mean distance of radio-marked hens to the nearest
water development was determined. For each radio-
marked hen location, a randomly selected point was
chosen and the distance was estimated to the nearest water
source. The mean distance to water of radio-marked hens
was compared to the mean distance to water from random
locations to determine if hens were concentrating near
water sources.
Results
Sage grouse (n=8 radio-marked birds, n=364 unmarked
birds) drank water from all types of water developments
studied. Troughs were used significantly less than drink
pools, guzzlers or dugouts (Chi-Square, P<0.01) (Table 5).
The mean distance to water of radio-marked sage grouse
(=1.1 km, n=28 locations) was significantly shorter than
for randomly chosen locations (=5.1 km, n=28 locations)
(Unpaired t-test, P<0.01).
The silver sagebrush cover type, which contained the
highest density of water sources per area (7.52/km2),
received no use by radio-marked birds, but did receive use
by unmarked birds (n=101). The cover types used by
radio-marked birds all had water source densities of
between 0.0 and 0.17 water sources/kmz.
Discussion
Free water is important to sage grouse on this study area
during the summer and fall months. In 1992, a dry year
(precipitation levels 25% below average, January-June),
sage grouse began using free water in early June, and by
late August were concentrated in areas near water sources.
Dugouts and wildlife guzzlers provided most of the free
water, but birds were using any available water source.
The lower use of troughs is probably due to their relative
inaccessibility. Troughs are more difficult for sage grouse
to use due to their height and so are generally avoided.
Troughs that are sunken may be easier for sage grouse to
use.
Sage grouse use of water developments will be influenced
by precipitation levels during the year studied. Birds will
be more likely to use water developments during dry years,
such as 1992, than during a year when precipitation is high
and natural water sources are more abundant. A longer
study than the one conducted here is necessary to account
for use differences between years with varying precipita-
tion levels.
The mean distance to water of radio-marked grouse was
significantly shorter than for randomly chosen locations,
suggesting that sage grouse were concentrating near water
sources. However, radio-marked birds did not use the
silver sagebrush habitat type at all, though this type had
the highest density of water sources. The small number of
observations made on radio-marked hens (n=8 birds, x=28
observations) and the small amount of silver sagebrush
may explain the lack of observations in this habitat type.
The high mobility and large home ranges of sage grouse
hens could further explain the scarcity of observations of
radio-marked females using free water. Another explana-
tion could be that females need less water than males.
Although all of the radio-marked birds were female, most
of the unmarked birds seen using water developments were
male. This physiological difference between males and
females, if it exists, would help to explain this discrepancy.
Table 5. Use of water developments by sage grouse during summer on the Deschutes Resource
Area, BLM, Deschutes and Crook counties, Oregon (August-September) 1991.
Water
Sources No. Visits Water
Birds/
Source type
(n=14) (n=38) Used #Birds
Observation
Drink Pool
3 17 6 142
23.7
Guzzler
5 13 4 122
30.7
Dugout
3 5 3 101
33.7
Trough
3 3 1 1
1.0
30
Section 6 - Winter Habitat
Introduction
Wintering areas are particularly important to sage grouse
because the birds are completely dependent on sagebrush
for food and cover during the winter (Patterson 1952, Call
and Maser 1986). Sage grouse seem to have specific
preferences for wintering areas. Studies have shown that
sage grouse prefer dense stands (>20% canopy cover) of
low sagebrush (avg. height 25 cm) (Eng and Schladweiler
1972) and that they prefer certain species of sagebrush
(Remington and Braun 1985, Welch et al. 1991). Also,
during winter, sage grouse may use less than 10% of the
sagebrush dominated lands in an area (Beck 1975).
Because of this, wintering areas are a major factor deter-
mining sage grouse distribution. Elimination of winter
range habitat would reduce sage grouse populations over
large areas (Eng and Schladweiler 1972). This portion of
the study was conducted to locate wintering areas and to
determine the habitat types and shrub densities being used
by wintering sage grouse.
Methods
Radio-tagged hens were monitored during the day (0900-
1500) two days per week during the winters (15 November
to 15 March) of 1991-92 and 1992-93 to determine winter
habitat use.
Measurements of canopy cover and shrub height were
taken from winter observation sites. At each flush site,
three 15-m transects were arranged in parallel at 10-m
intervals. The intercept distances of all species of shrubs
along each transect were recorded to determine canopy
coverage. Height of each shrub intercepted was measured
and classified as either low (0-40 cm), medium (40-80
cm), or tall (>80 cm). The three transects were then
averaged to determine the shrub canopy for the site. The
number of birds using each site was also recorded to
determine extent of use for a particular habitat type.
Habitat use by birds at night was noted by biologists who
were trapping grouse in the area, but habitat measurements
were not taken.
Results
During the winter of 1991-92, radio-tagged birds used 5
habitat types, with mountain big sagebrush and low sage
used most frequently. In 1992-93, only mountain big sage
and low sage types were used by radio-tagged birds, with
50 of 51 (98%) observations made in the mountain big
sagebrush habitat type (Table 6). During both winters,
birds used the higher canopy cover (2!:20%) areas on the
study area. However, they tended to use patches within
these areas that had less dense cover (12-16%) than the
surrounding area.
31
Table 6. Winter habitat use by sage grouse on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM, Deschutes and
Crook counties, Oregon 1991 to 1993.
YEAR 1 YEAR 2
HABITAT TYPE #OBSERV. COVER #BIRDS #OBSERV. COVER #BIRDS
Mountain Big Sagebrush
24
12%
196
50
13%
698
Low Sagebrush
20
15%
311
1
16%
15
Silver Sagebrush
4
17%
49
0
0
0
Grassland
2
4%
33
0
0
0
Bare ground/Rabbitbrush
2
1%
14
0
0
0
TOTAL
52
603
51
713
Discussion
Sage grouse distribution was more clumped during the
winter of 1992-93, which was a more severe winter than
1991-92. Snow was on the ground for 3-4 months during
the winter of 1992-93 and accumulated up to a depth of 1.2
m. Plants that would be used for food and cover were
under snow and therefore inaccessible to sage grouse.
This would explain the movement of sage grouse out of
low sage and into mountain big sagebrush habitat types,
where plants would still be accessible. Millican Valley
was especially important to sage grouse during the severe
winter. Millican Valley does not accumulate as much
snow as surrounding areas due to its lower elevation and
rain shadowing by Horse Ridge. Twice as much snow
accumulated in nearby Brothers (approx. 1.2 m) during the
winter of 1992-93 than in Millican Valley (40-55 cm).
Millican Valley was less crucial during 1991-92, when
birds could use low sage areas.
During this study, winter grazing occurred on some sage
grouse use areas. High intensity winter grazing can lead to
damage of sagebrush, especially in years of heavy snow
(Call 1974). If such use occurred on sage grouse winter
use areas, sage grouse may have difficulty in obtaining
sufficient forage (Call 1974). This would be especially
true in severe winters, when the areas available to sage
grouse are already limited. It is not known if winter
grazing had an affect on sage grouse during this study.
During both winters, birds used the higher canopy cover
(>20%) areas on the study area, but tended to use less
dense patches within these areas (12-16%). Past research
has indicated that wintering birds prefer stands with a
canopy cover of >20% (Eng and Schladweiler, 1972).
However, the 20% canopy cover reported by Eng and
Schladweiler (1972) was the average canopy cover used by
birds in that study. The range of canopy cover used was
6.4-53.9%. The shrub cover used by the birds in this study
fell well within this range. Although habitat measurements
were not taken at nighttime observation sites, the birds
appeared to be using the same areas at night that they used
during the day.
Sage grouse congregated in large groups during the winter.
This was especially true during the winter of 1992-93,
when the same number of observations yielded 110 more
birds than in 1991-92 (Table 6). However, it is unknown if
any birds were counted more than once.
32
Section 7 - Seasonal Use Areas/Movements
'J• , S, ,~~lyr ~
V. ,
~l 74
fall
Introduction/Methods
Much of this report has been spent describing habitat use
by sage grouse males, hens, and broods. As has been
mentioned previously, sage grouse use different habitats at
different times of the year. These seasonal use areas and
the corridors connecting them are important in the man-
agement of this population. For example, Beck (1975)
found that during winter, sage grouse may be restricted to
less than 10% of the sagebrush-dominated lands in a given
area. This makes maintenance of these areas essential if
the population is to be retained. In Montana, Peterson
(1970) found that a lek which had averaged 54 males for
13 years dropped to 3 males within 2 years following
spraying and since has been totally abandoned. To ensure
that important habitats are not lost, seasonal use areas must
be identified. Using radio telemetry data from this study,
important seasonal use areas have been mapped, along
with important and unusual movements. Seasonal use
areas were defined based on over 1000 radio locations.
Results
Several locations on the study area were important as
seasonal use areas for radio-marked and unmarked birds.
Seasonal use areas identified through radio-marked birds
are mapped in Fig. 11. One of the most important use
areas was Millican Valley. This area was important to
birds year round. As many as 59 males strutted on two
leks that were located here, and several hens nested within
12.8 km of these leks. After breeding, many Millican birds
left the area, moving to a variety of areas, such as West
Butte, Kotzman Basin, Pine Mountain, and Horse Ridge.
In the winter, birds from many areas moved into Millican
Valley. Dense areas of big sagebrush and lower snowfall
than surrounding areas make Millican Valley good winter
habitat. During the winter of 1992-93, Millican Valley
was especially important due to heavy snowfall in the
surrounding area. Snow cover forced birds out of low sage
areas into big sage areas where food was still accessible
above the snow. More than 100 birds wintered in Millican
Valley that year.
The Dry River was also important to sage grouse year-
round. Sage grouse are probably attracted to the area by
the low sage that runs the length of the drainage. Sage
grouse commonly use low sage areas for brood rearing and
prefer to eat low sage in the winter when it is available
above the snow (Hall 1985). Sage grouse in this area were
known to breed, nest, raise broods, and winter along the
Dry River. Seven of the 20 leks monitored in this study
were found along the Dry River; these leks supported
approximately 60-100 males per year. Several hens nested
near these leks. Radio-marked birds that wintered here
were often together with large groups of unmarked birds.
33
~
A
I
_
f~y
tff•',
GE
W_
rr
fi
tt
S
y
-
fr
W
S 4
~
r r
Elf
~
~
J
f
,
/
a
1
-
T
f-
J
t:
r
y1f
_
!l
A
L
j
I,
l
W
III 1
S
z
4i
p ~r
A
,V
T1-1 u
LL
r
Jil1~, t f, i
f~' ~ tL J iri ~ i I J
O 37 11 fjl t
F
Fig. 11. Sage Grouse Seasonal Use Areas, identified through radio marked bird locations, Prineville District, BLM,
1991 to 1993.
34
co
0
•
{tg
U
J
C4~ ~
co
0
w
m m
2
c°
i cCo
f0
2
7 f
1 c ' ' 'Pb f4unaO
F
i
QOaFr ~ rc1
n
:t
t'
O'
IPW
iU
o
~
~
Y
qtr ,
L
S' 00
U} p
:
I
l
~ I
I J{
F
c6
N
F
W
a~
Cc
r
N
rn
H
tE
tll
i
O
v
T
T.
J
ui
cm
3
v'
~ J
r ~
.
i a
;
.
1
L
to
~
U
L
U
N
ffi
Y
c
m
O
~
W
'
m
w
N
N
F-
ui
ff ~z
c6
U
cu
9
c
o
co
L
cc;
:3
7 0
1
M
C
>1
:3
0
Z
cu i
U-
Cl)
i
E C
E
a)
Cn cn
z
Fig. 12. Sage Grouse Movement Patterns, identified through radio marked bird locations, Prineville District, BLM,
1991 to 1993.
35
Van Lake was a significant summer and winter use area.
Twenty one radio-marked birds used Van Lake during the
study period. They were probably drawn to the area for its
sagebrush component and its high diversity of forbs.
Radio-marked birds began using Van Lake during late
May. As the summer progressed, more birds began to
gather here for brood rearing, with as many as 150 birds
present by August. Many birds came to Van Lake from
breeding areas along Dry River. During the fall, some of
the birds moved to other areas to winter, but 6 radio-
marked birds and about 50 unmarked birds remained
through the winter. By spring, all radio-marked birds had
moved to adjacent areas to breed and nest. No leks were
identified in the Van Lake area.
Another important area for sage grouse was Kotzman
Basin. Sage grouse came from many places, including
Millican Valley, to summer and winter in Kotzman Basin.
As many as 70 birds were seen in Kotzman Basin at one
time. Twelve radio-marked birds that had been tagged at
or near the Millican and Evans Well leks were later located
in Kotzman Basin. High forb concentrations and water
supplied by guzzlers may have attracted birds to this area.
No leks have been found in Kotzman Basin and most birds
move to other areas in early spring. Birds return to
Kotzman Basin in early summer.
Just west of Kotzman Basin is Pine Mountain, a well-used
sage grouse nesting area. Pine Mountain falls mostly
under U.S. Forest Service jurisdiction. There are open
sagebrush ridges that lead into coniferous forest at the top
of the mountain. Seven nests were established by radio-
marked hens on Pine Mountain during the study period.
Broods from 2 of these hens, and broods from unmarked
hens used Pine Mountain through late summer. Hens with
broods were seen foraging on the top of Pine Mountain
near a hang gliders' launch site, but only when hang
gliders were not present. Sage grouse use of Pine Moun-
tain lessened after late summer.
The area between Pine Ridge and Dickerson Well sup-
ported both summering and wintering sage grouse.
Anecdotal information suggests that this area has been
used as a summering and wintering ground since long
before this study began. Birds appear to move into this
area from elsewhere; there were many more birds here
during the summer and winter than could be accounted for
by the adjacent leks. Birds here use big sagebrush areas
exclusively. They feed on forbs, which stay green until
late summer because of the moisture-retaining pumice soil
in the area. Guzzlers and drink pools provide water in the
summer.
West Butte was used from March to November by several
radio-marked birds collared in Millican Valley and the
Moffitt area. There is one lek on West Butte which
supported from 2 to 18 males during the study period.
More than a dozen brood observations were made on the
butte, and 20-30 birds summered there each year. Most of
the bird observations were in big sage habitat near the top
of West Butte. Much of the rest of West Butte is juniper
forest and is not suitable sage grouse habitat. A few
observations were made in the burned areas on the top of
West Butte. No radio-marked birds were on West Butte
during the winter.
The Cook Well, Moffitt, and South Well areas were all
used by sage grouse. Use of Cook Well is notable because
birds travelled long distances to use the area. Several
radio-marked birds moved to Cook Well from Kotzman
Basin and the Dickerson Well area. The Moffitt area is
well used by breeding birds. Two leks in the area sup-
ported between 12 and 34 males during the study period.
Some late winter use also was recorded in this area. The
area west of South Well has a lek which supports approxi-
mately 17 males/year. About 20 birds use specific loca-
tions in this area during the summer.
Sites throughout the study area where juniper had been cut
were also valuable to sage grouse. Several birds were seen
using these areas throughout the study period.
As mentioned above, sage grouse moved between seasonal
use areas throughout the study area. Radio-marked birds
exhibited movement during all seasons, but most of the
movement occurred in early spring and late summer. It is
not feasible to report all movements made by radio-marked
sage grouse, but the most interesting movements are
shown in Fig. 12. All reported mileages are approximate.
The thick purple lines in Fig. 12 each represent movement
by three or more radio-marked hens. These group move-
ments originated at three locations. The first of these
locations is the Millican strutting grounds from which
birds dispersed in four directions. Most of these move"
ments were made during the strutting period when hens
left the lek to seek nesting areas. The two most common
movements were from Millican to Evans Well and from
Millican to Pine Mountain. As mentioned earlier, Pine
Mountain is an important nesting area (Fig. 11); 35% of
recorded nests in this study occurred here. Additional
movements from Millican include two birds that moved
from Millican to West Butte (9.6 km), one of them via
Rodman Rim (32 km), and one bird that moved to West
Butte, then to Ireland Flat, and finally to Moffitt (56 km)
(small purple lines - Fig. 12).
The second group movement was made by 13 radio-
marked hens that moved from Kotzman Basin to Evans
Well (14.4 km). Many hens congregated in the Kotzman
Basin during late summer and stayed there until late winter
or early spring. At this time, they began moving to Evans
Well. Many of these birds moved back and forth between
the Millican lek area and Evans Well.
36
The third group movement was made by 12 radio-marked
birds that moved from Van Lake to Todd Well (4.8 km).
Some of these birds then moved to the Merrill Road area
(8 km) before returning to Van Lake for the summer. This
movement pattern corresponded with low sagebrush
habitat and the old drainage portions of the Dry River.
Several lengthy movements took place on the study area
(Figure 12). One bird wintered in Millican Valley and then
moved to Ireland Flat in the spring, a 40-48 km movement
(Bird No. 1). A hen that was radio-marked at the Moffitt
lek moved to South Well, via Pine Ridge, by June 1 and
then on to Van Lake by mid-August, a movement of over
32 km (Bird No. 2). This hen never nested; instead, she
grouped with approximately 150 birds summering in the
Van Lake area. Many of these Van Lake birds were then
radio-marked. The timing of dispersement from Van Lake
varied from late fall to early spring. A juvenile male that
was radio-marked at Van Lake during September wintered
at Dickerson Well (32 km) and strutted the following
spring at Whiskey Spring (4.8 km) (Bird No. 3). Another
lengthy movement was made by a bird radio-marked at
Van Lake in the fall that wintered about 24 km away at the
GI Ranch, and then continued to the east an additional 11.2
km (Not shown).
The Kotzman Basin also was a summer concentration area
in which birds were radio-marked. Movement from this
area occurred from early fall until early spring. A hen that
was radio-marked here in the fall wintered along the Dry
River (16 km) and then moved to the Moffitt Lek during
the spring (9.6 km) (Not shown). Two other birds moved
to Cook Well in the Lakeview District (19.2 km) (Bird No.
4).
Several radio-marked hens made unusual movements.
Two hens radio-marked at Spencer Well in the spring
moved to distant leks to breed instead of going to the
nearby Millican and Evans Well Leks. One of them moved
to the Whiskey Springs lek and then returned to Spencer
Well to nest (48 km round trip) (Bird No. 5), while the
other bird moved to the West Butte lek (12.8 km) and then
nested on Pine Mountain (16 km) (Not shown). A hen
captured in Kotzman Basin during the fall moved to Cook
Well, and then to Pine Ridge and Moffitt, before returning
to Kotzman Basin. She then moved to Evans Well (41.6
km). This movement took approximately two months,
from November to January (Bird No. 6).
Discussion
It is important to emphasize that seasonal use areas other
than the ones shown here probably exist on the study area.
The use areas mapped in this report represent only those
locations that were located through radio-marked birds.
Unmarked birds were seen using additional areas, but
these areas are not mapped here. The mapped sites were
used by birds year after year during the study. Sage grouse
seem to be consistent in their selection of areas, making
these locations important for future management.
Some birds in this study moved considerable distances,
however, the population would not be considered migra-
tory. In truly migratory populations, most of the birds will
travel long distances, sometimes over 45 miles, between
seasonal use areas (Pyrah 1954, Connelly et al. 1988). No
marked birds in our population moved that far and most
birds moved substantially shorter distances than that.
However, significant movements were made by some birds
and a large land area was used by this population.
The use and movement patterns seen here indicate that
large areas of sagebrush habitat in its current condition are
important to sage grouse. In better habitat condition, birds
may not need to range as far to meet their requirements.
While the lek and seasonal use areas are important at
specific times of the year, the lands between these areas
are equally valuable as travel corridors and temporary use
areas. The idea that sage grouse need vast expanses of
suitable habitat annually is supported by the literature (Eng
and Schladweiler 1972, Berry and Eng 1985, Connelly et
al. 1988).
37
Section 8 - Management Recommendations
Management recommendations for BLM lands were
developed by an interdisciplinary team (range, recreation,
wildlife) from the results of this research, the results of
previous studies, and interdisciplinary team discussions.
Some management actions have already resulted from
these recommendations. The other recommendations
should be implemented using the appropriate decision-
making process. These recommendations can also be
useful to private landowners.
General Recommendations
1) Continue the sage grouse study, extending the
study area to the east to encompass more of the
High Desert area of the Prineville District.
Rationale: To properly manage sage grouse on the district,
population information and seasonal land uses need to
be known throughout sage grouse habitat on the
District. Therefore, lek monitoring and radio telem-
etry of grouse should continue on an expanded study
area. Due to time and budget constraints, seasonal use
areas would be identified, and reproductive success
would be monitored, but detailed habitat measure-
ments at bird locations would not be taken. Nest
predation would be also be monitored and used as an
indicator of habitat quality.
2) Establish and maintain communication with the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), Oregon
Department of Fish and Wildlife, local government
agencies, Division of State Lands, U.S. Forest
Service (USFS), Lakeview District BLM, and
private landowners. A Conservation Agreement
between BLM and USFWS should be developed to
ensure communication and consultation and to
document BLM's commitment to habitat manage-
ment for sage grouse.
Rationale: Communication with these parties will lead to
better management through cooperation and informa-
tion exchange. Communication is especially impor-
tant with the USFWS. The Western subspecies of
sage grouse is a candidate threatened or endangered
species, and the USFWS needs information on its
status that BLM can provide. The USFWS can
provide us with technical expertise and guidance in
the appropriate management of a sensitive species, to
help BLM meet its policy to not contribute to the need
to list any species. In addition, the BLM currently has
a Memorandum of Understanding (effective March
1994) with the USFWS, USFS, and other federal and
state agencies, which states that BLM districts will
develop Conservation Agreements for candidate
species under their jurisdiction.
3) Encourage the USFWS to review the data within
this report to clarify the status of sage grouse.
Rationale: The Western subspecies of sage grouse is a
candidate for threatened or endangered status. This
study has revealed low population numbers with a
continuing downward trend in this area. This informa-
tion will be important to the USFWS in its determina-
tion of whether a petition to list the sage grouse as a
threatened or endangered species is warranted.
39
4) Continue to determine the condition and trend of
habitat (i.e., grass height, shrub cover, species
composition) throughout the study area with
respect to the sage grouse life cycle.
Rationale: Habitat condition needs to be determined so
that land managers know which areas need to be
maintained or improved. This information can be
used to develop and prioritize land use strategies and
habitat management projects. Habitat condition can
be determined using existing SVIM data and on-site
evaluations.
5) Design projects and management practices to
benefit sage grouse through habitat improvement,
and work to reduce habitat fragmentation. Moni-
tor sage grouse responses to habitat improvement
projects and other uses of the land.
Rationale: The Brothers/Lapine Resource Management
Plan states that "management activities in the habitat
of listed or candidate threatened or endangered and
sensitive species will be designed specifically to
benefit those species through habitat improvement"
(Brothers/LaPine Resource Management Plan, Record
of Decision, 1989, p.121). Specific management
practices used to accomplish this will depend on the
location (terrain, habitat type, condition class, soil
type, site potential, species diversity, fire frequency)
and the desired outcome, and may include small
prescribed burns, spraying, seeding, brush beating,
prescribed grazing treatments, juniper cuts, or restrict-
ing the timing of land uses that conflict with sage
grouse management. Any such practice would be a
small-scale, site specific project developed specifi-
cally for sage grouse habitat improvements. Guide-
lines developed by past researchers (Autenrieth et al.
1982, Call and Maser 1985) for sage grouse habitat
management will be reviewed and combined with
information gained locally to develop specific project
plans. Due to present low population levels for sage
grouse, low reproductive rate and the sage grouse's
limited ability to adapt to habitat changes (i.e., habitat
loss, degradation and fragmentation), these habitat
improvement projects must be initiated immediately
or our ability to sustain the viability of this population
may be lost.
6) Develop grazing strategies for known seasonal use
areas to maintain sage grouse habitat.
Rationale: Grazing strategies that will maintain or improve
sage; grouse habitats need to be developed. Because
the amount and timing of grazing that can be autho-
rized will differ based on the area and habitat manage-
ment goals, these grazing strategies need to be
site-specific (i.e., maintain shrub cover on sage grouse
winter use areas).
7) Develop OHV management strategies for known
seasonal use areas to maintain sage grouse habitat.
Rationale: OHV strategies that will maintain or
improve sage grouse habitats need to be developed.
Because the amount of OHV use and time of year that
this activity can take place will differ based on the
area and habitat management goals, these OHV
strategies need to be site-specific.
8) Locate seasonal use areas on private land within
the District. Provide private landowners with
support and information about sage grouse habitat
management and explore the possibilities for
enhancing land use and practices on these areas
(i.e., cooperation with landowners, acquisition,
conservation easement, leasing, land trades).
Amend the Brothers/Lapine Resource Manage-
ment Plan with respect to land tenure status where
necessary to retain or acquire identified seasonal
use areas.
Rationale: Important seasonal use areas are found on both
public and private land parcels throughout the
District. While BLM can change many land uses on
public lands, changes on some private parcels may
also be necessary to change population trends.
Without a total landscape approach, some habitat loss
or fragmentation problems may not be solved-,Fish
and Wildlife 2000, BLM's national strategy for
managing fish and wildlife, makes habitat protection
through acquisition of crucial upland game bird
habitat a priority. Priority should be given to lands in
Kotzman Basin, Moffitt Ranch and Millican Valley,
and areas next to or including the Dry River Drainage.
For the reasons mentioned in Recommendation #5 of
this section, this recommendation should be initiated
immediately.
Section 1- Lek Counts and
Population Estimates
1) Continue lek monitoring and population estimation
on the study area. With ODFW and USFWS,
develop a management objective for bird numbers
on the study area to ensure that the population is
persistent.
Rationale: The present population of sage grouse is at risk
of extirpation from this area. It is possible that the
population is already so low that some genetic
diversity has been lost. Continued monitoring of sage
grouse populations is necessary for the proper
management of the species (Batterson and Morse
1948, Patterson 1952, Autenrieth et al. 1982). Inten-
sive lek monitoring and population estimation will
allow us to monitor how the population is faring, and
to assess how our management is affecting grouse
40
numbers. With the present population status, all
management activities must be evaluated to ensure
that land management practices benefit sage grouse
(Brothers/LaPine RMP, Record of Decision, p. 12 1).
2) Maintain or develop dense sagebrush adjacent to
leks, to provide loafing areas for the birds during
the breeding season. Specific management goals
should be developed using the available literature
to define the terms "dense" and "adjacent." Land
uses that remove or degrade sagebrush should be
prohibited adjacent to any lek. Sagebrush should
be removed in areas where dense vegetation is
present on leks.
Rationale: Sage grouse prefer leks with adjacent dense
sagebrush (Call and Maser 1985. Removal of this
dense sagebrush has been shown to sometimes cause
the abandonment of the lek. However, dense sage-
brush on leks can make predators hard to detect and
males hard to see.
3) Minimize livestock and human activity adjacent to
leks during the breeding season, and continue to
monitor these activities.
Rationale: Livestock and people were seen to disrupt
strutting sage grouse during this study. Thus, efforts
should be made to keep these uses to a minimum
around leks during the breeding season.
This can be accomplished in a variety of ways, such as
fencing off lek areas, restricting cattle during strutting
from pastures that contain leks, considering lek sites
when planning OHV routes, and restricting public
viewing of birds at leks.
Section 2 - Precipitation and
Lek Counts
1) Develop a precipitation model and use it to predict
sage grouse numbers in the future.
Rationale: Predictions of sage grouse numbers could be
used to direct land management. For instance, in
years when the population is predicted to be low, the
manager may choose to be more restrictive with
respect to conflicting land uses or harvest levels to
prevent further population declines. Such a model is
in development using the data collected from this
study.
Section 3 - Reproductive
Success and Nesting Habitat
1) Improve the quality of nesting habitat. This
includes managing for appropriate habitat types
and structural composition within nesting habitat,
especially with respect to grass height.
Rationale: Certain habitat types are frequently used by
nesting sage grouse and these habitat types should be
maintained and enhanced (see recommendation #2,
this section). Additionally, the structural components
of nesting habitat are important to nest success.
Managing for appropriate plant height and percent
cover of plants is vital to sustaining nesting success
levels. This includes managing factors that affect
grass height (grazing, fire), an important determinant
of nest success, to ensure that sufficient height is
maintained. It may also be necessary to change
management in response to drought conditions. In
this study, the average grass height at successful nests
was 28cm. Other studies have recommended leaving
grasses of 10 to 15 cm (Hall 1985) and greater than 18
cm (Crawford et al. 1992, J. Connelly, Idaho Fish and
Game, pers. comm., 1993). Emphasis on management
of residual grass cover is also essential.
2) Maintain and enhance the mountain shrub/
bitterbrush habitat type.
Rationale: This habitat was used frequently by nesting
sage grouse. However, its availability on the study
area is low. Mountain shrub/bitterbrush communities
are important because they are species rich, have high
forage production, and provide dense cover. For
potential methods to accomplish this recommendation,
see General Recommendation #5.
3) Determine if nesting hens in this area are
philopatric (return to nest in home area), and
identify traditional nesting areas.
Rationale: Sage grouse hens show fidelity to specific
nesting areas (Fischer et al. 1993) and this was
documented on our study area as well. Identifying
traditional nesting areas is necessary if these areas are
to be managed as suggested in recommendation #1 of
this section. As mentioned in Section Three of the
report, it is possible that nest site fidelity to areas that
no longer have good nesting habitat (such as the area
around Millican lek) is responsible for the loss of
certain segments of the population. If sage grouse
hens in this area prove to be philopatric, then identify-
ing these areas becomes even more important, because
use of traditional areas will continue for generations.
4) Manage mountain big sagebrush areas and low
sagebrush areas for increased forb production and
good brood habitat.
Rationale: This study identified the importance of the
mountain big sagebrush habitat type for brooding.
Forbs are important to broods, so known mountain big
sagebrush brooding areas should be managed for forb
production. Priority also should be given to potential
brooding areas next to known areas, and low sage
41
areas associated with the Dry River Drainage and
some playas, respectively. Managing potential areas
such as these for brood habitat will allow for popula-
tion expansion by providing new sites for birds to use.
Additional brood rearing locations should be identi-
fied to allow for proper management of these areas.
Section 4 - Summer Diet
1) Manage sage grouse habitats for increased forb
production, concentrating on those forbs identified
to be consumed by sage grouse during the pre.
laying, nesting and brood rearing periods. Atten-
tion should be given to Oregon Sunshine, a newly
determined and substantial component of the sage
grouse diet at some locations in the study area.
Rationale: Forbs are an important part of the diet of pre-
laying hens, hens with broods and chicks. The diet
study conducted here reinforced this point. Providing
more forbs may improve the condition of pre-laying
hens and broods, leading to higher reproductive and
survival rates.
Section 5 - Water Developments
1) Develop, maintain, or enhance quality habitat in
areas with naturally occurring water either
presently or historically.
Rationale: Sage grouse congregate at areas with water,
either presently or historically, such as drainages,
riparian areas, playas, and dugouts. Quality habitat
needs to be present so that these areas can continue to
support these birds. This could be accomplished
through water gap fencing around some dugouts and
playas.
2) Maintain existing water developments and con-
struct developments where free water is limited.
Improve the usefulness of water developments by
allowing troughs to overflow, and, where feasible,
by providing water (originating at wells) after
livestock have been removed.
Rationale: Water is important to sage grouse in the late
summer, fall and winter, and water developments are
heavily used during these times. Water developments
are useful in areas with no natural water or as a
temporary measure in areas where habitat around a
natural water source is being restored. Land manag-
ers should work cooperatively with private landown-
ers to provide water in these areas.
Section 6 - Winter Habitat
1) Maintain and improve identified wintering areas.
Sagebrush control projects should not be permitted
in these wintering areas, because sage grouse are
completely dependent on sagebrush for forage and
cover during the winter. Efforts should be made to
restore a healthy sagebrush community in areas
where it has already been depleted or degraded.
Rationale: Research has identified wintering areas as
crucial to sage grouse and a major factor determining
sage grouse distribution. Elimination of winter range
habitat can reduce sage grouse populations over large
areas (Eng and Schladweiler 1972). Good quality
wintering areas are necessary for the maintenance and
growth of this population. The Millican Valley,
Moffitt and Dry River wintering areas are all linked
with spring habitat, and can be identified as wintering-
nesting complexes. Sage grouse would be more
sensitive to the loss or degradation of these areas,
because both wintering and nesting areas would be
lost.
2) Identify additional wintering areas, both on public
and private land, within and adjacent to the study
area.
Rationale: Additional wintering areas need to be identi-
fied to ensure their proper management. Potential
wintering areas such as the Grassy Butte region,
which is in a late seral stage (1979 SVIM data), need
to be managed to maintain this seral stage.
Section 7 - Seasonal Use Areas
and Movements
1) Manage the study area as an ecosystem, not as a
collection of seasonal use areas.
Rationale: The extensive movements exhibited by birds in
this study show that large tracts of land are important
to sage grouse, and that the lands between identified
seasonal use areas are important as travel corridors
and temporary use areas. Managing the whole area
will ensure that the birds not only have quality
breeding, nesting, brood rearing/summering, and
winter habitat, but that they have quality habitat
between seasons as well.
2) Continue monitoring sage grouse movements and
identifying, describing and mapping seasonal use
areas.
Rationale: Monitoring sage grouse movements will help
locate previously unidentified seasonal use areas.
Also, it will allow us to compare changes in move-
ment patterns to use or avoidance of areas in which
particular land use practices are taking place or have
taken place in the past. This will assist us in deter-
mining whether a land management practice is
harmful or beneficial.
3) Use movement information to determine home
ranges for individuals within the population.
Rationale: Home range information on individuals will
help managers determine how large a block of land is
required by sage grouse populations, and therefore,
how much land needs to be managed for them.
42
Explanation of Statistics
Following is a brief explanation of some statistical
concepts used in this report.
When conducting research, we usually ask a question and
have two possible answers, or hypotheses. One hypothesis
is that the parameter we are studying has a specified value,
an expected result; this hypothesis is called the null
hypothesis. The other hypothesis is that the parameter
being studied has a value other than that given in the null
hypothesis; this hypothesis is called the alternative
hypotheses. We then use the data we have collected to
conduct statistical tests to either prove or disprove the null
hypothesis. When we do this, there is always the chance
that we will make the wrong decision, that we will reject
the null hypothesis even though it is really true. We would
like it if all our decisions were correct, but this is statisti-
cally impossible, because we will be basing our decision
on a sample of the information available (our data set), not
on all of the information available. To control the risk that
we will make the wrong decision, we assign an acceptable
probability (P-value) that it will happen. The probability
most often used is .05 (5%). This number is called our
level of significance. We use this level of significance to
determine the critical value for the statistical test we will
conduct. If the statistical test on our data gives us a value
greater than this critical value, we say the test was signifi-
cant, and we reject the null hypothesis.
Here is an example to help illustrate these concepts:
Suppose a math teacher who has been teaching for 10
years gives the same final exam every year. For the first
nine years, he taught the material one way and the average
score on the final exam was 87%. This year he used a new
teaching method and the average score was 93%. The
teacher wants to know if this year's average score is
significantly greater than the score from the past 9 years,
so he can decide if the new teaching method is better than
the old one. His null hypothesis is that 87% and 93% are
not statistically different (the two numbers are obviously
different, but they may not be statistically different). His
alternative hypothesis is that 87% and 93% are statistically
different. For his statistical test, the teacher sets the level
of significance at .05 (he accepts a 5% chance that he will
reject the null hypothesis and determine that 87% and 93%
are different, even if they are not), and finds his critical
value to be 1.86. When he conducts the statistical test on
his data (the test scores), he gets a value of 2.90. Since
this value is greater than the critical value of 1.86, he
determines that the test is significant and rejects the null
hypothesis. He decides that 87% and 93% are signifi-
cantly different.
43
Glossary
Active grazing preference - authorized number of AUMs
of livestock grazing on public lands attached to base
property owned or controlled by a permittee or lessee.
Allotment - An area of land where one or more livestock
operators graze their livestock. An allotment may consist
of one or several pastures.
AUM - Animal unit month: the amount of forage required
to sustain one cow with one calf, or their equivalent for
one month (800 pounds of forage).
Brood - A group of birds hatched at the same time.
Condition class - A term relating to present status of a unit
of range in terms of specific values or potentials. Specific
values or potentials must be stated.
Conservation agreement - A formal written document
agreed to by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
another agency to achieve the conservation of candidate
species through voluntary cooperation. It documents the
specific actions and responsibilities for which each party
agrees to be accountable.
Conservation easement - Rights to protect the environ-
mental qualities (i.e., wildlife values) of special areas, such
as important wildlife use areas, may be acquired through a
conservation easement.
Correlation - A relationship between two variables, such
that when the value of the first variable changes, there is a
change in the value of the second variable.
Cover type - The plant community present in an area.
Crop - A pouch in a bird's esophagus where food is
partially digested.
Crop year - The time period between October 1st of one
year and July 31st of the next year (i.e., October 1, 1994 -
July 31, 1995).
Crude protein - A measure of the amount of Nitrogen in a
plants tissues.
Deferred grazing - Provides total growing period rest for
each pasture every year.
Deferred rotation grazing - Provides total growing period
rest for each pasture on a regular basis.
Drink pools - Similar to a guzzler (see definition below),
except that the source of water is a pipeline.
Dugout - An area where soils have been dug out of the
bottom of a lakebed to reach the water table. Provides
water for livestock and wildlife.
Erosion - Detachment and movement of soil or rock
fragments by water, wind, ice, or gravity.
Extinction - No longer existing.
Extirpation - Extinction in a limited area; local extinction.
Foraging area - The area in which an animal looks for
food.
45
Forbs - Any non-grasslike herbaceous plant.
Free water - Water not gained from vegetation.
Genetic diversity - Diversity in an population's hereditary
material - allows the population to adapt more easily to
change.
Guzzler - A system of tanks and troughs set up to catch
and store rain water for wildlife use.
Habitat - The environment in which an animal lives.
Herbaceous - Non-woody plants.
Loam soils - Soils that are intermediate in texture and
properties between fine-textured and coarse-textured soils
Philopatric - Return to nest in home area.
Playa - A level area at the bottom of a desert basin that is
sometimes covered with water.
Predation - The killing of one animal by another for food.
Pumiceous ash - Very fine material formed from pumice
(a light, cavity-filled lava)
Radio telemetry - A method of tracking animals from a
distance by following radio signals being emitted from a
device (a transmitter) which has been attached to the
animal.
Residual grass cover - Cover provided by grass that
remains from the last growing season.
Rest rotation grazing - Provides total annual rest for each
pasture on regular basis.
SCS - Soil Conservation Service
Seral stage/condition - The stage in the development of a
plant community.
Short duration/high intensity grazing - Grazing is
allowed during any one 2-3 week period, except between
May 16 and June 30.
Silty loam soils - Soils that have the general properties of
loam soils, but contain a greater percentage of silt.
Site potential - The biotic community that would be
expected to become established at a particular site.
Species - A classification category made up of animals
able to interbreed.
Subspecies - A taxonomic classification category that
divides members of a species based on divergent external
characteristic, such as color, size, and plumage.
Succulent - Full of moisture.
SVIM - Soil and vegetation inventory method.
Telemetry - see Radio telemetry
Transmitter - A device used in radio telemetry systems to
send radio signals; attached to an animal to allow tracking
from a distance.
Topographic map - A map which shows the physical
features of a place or region.
Transect - A line that is set up along which data is
collected.
UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator: a system of
coordinates which specify particular points on a map.
Used similarly to the latitude/longitude system.
Water gap fencing - A method of fencing around a water
hole that allows access to the water at certain points.
Water year - The time period from October 1st of one
year through September 30th of the next year (i.e., October
1, 1994 - September 30, 1995).
46
Literature Cited
Allen, Barbara. 1987. Homesteading the High Desert.
University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. 183pp.
Amstrup, S. C. 1980. A radio-collar for game birds. J.
Wildl. Manage. 44:214-217.
Autenrieth, R. E. 1973. Sage grouse research in Idaho.
Proc. West. States Sage Grouse Workshop 8:51-52.
Autenrieth, R. E. 1981. Sage grouse management in
Idaho. Idaho Dept. Fish and Game Wildl. Bull. No. 9.
Boise, ID. 238pp.
Autenrieth, R. E., W. Molini, and C. Braun. 1982. Sage
grouse management practices. West. States Sage
Grouse Comm. Tech. Bull. No. 1. 42pp.
Barnett, Jenny K. and John A. Crawford. 1994. Pre-
laying nutrition of sage grouse hens in Oregon.
Journal of Range Management. In Press.
Batterson, W. M., and W. B. Morse. 1948. Oregon sage
grouse. Ore. Fauna Ser. 1, Oregon Game Comm.,
Portland. 29pp.
Bean, R. W. 1941. Life history studies of the sage grouse
(Centrocercus urophasianus) in Clark County, Idaho.
M.S. Thesis. Utah State College, Logan. 44pp.
Beck, T. D. I. 1975. Attributes of a wintering population of
sage grouse, North Park, Colorado. M.S. Thesis.
Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins. 49pp.
Beck, T. D. 1. and C. E. Braun. 1980. The strutting ground
count: variation, traditionalism, management needs.
Proc. West. Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies 60:558-
566.
Beckerton, P. R. and A. L. A. Middleton. 1982. Effects of
dietary protein levels on ruffed grouse reproduction.
Journal of Wildl. Manage. 46:569-579.
Bedell, T. E., L. E. Eddleman, T. Deboodt, and C. Jacks.
1993. Western Juniper - Its impact and management in
Oregon Rangelands. Oregon State University Exten-
sion Service. EC 1417.
Bergerud, A. T. 1970. Population dynamics of the willow
ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus alleni L. in Newfound-
land 1955 to 1965. Oikos 21:299-325.
Berry, John D. and R.L. Eng. 1985. Interseasonal
movements and fidelity to seasonal use areas by
female sage grouse. J. Wildl. Manage. 49(1):237-240.
Bibby, Colin J., Neil D. Burgess and David A. Hill. 1992.
Bird Census Techniques. Academic Press, Harcourt
Brace and Company, San Diego. 257pp.
Braun, C. E. 1991. Distribution and status of sage grouse
in Colorado. 17th Western sage and sharp-tailed
grouse workshop. 24-26 July 1991, Pocatello, Idaho.
Braun, C. E. 1992. Letter of 19 March. In: Drut, Martin S.
1994. Status of sage grouse with emphasis on popula-
tions in Oregon and Washington, Appendix B.
Audubon Society of Portland. 49pp.
Braun, C. E. 1994. Distribution and status of sage grouse
in Colorado. Rocky Mountain Wildlife Journal. In
Press.
Braun, C. E., T. Britt, and R.O. Wallestad. 1977. Guide-
lines for maintenance of sage grouse habitats. Wildl.
Soc. Bull. 5:99-106.
47
Braun, C. E., John W. Connelly, John A. Crawford, Gerald
D. Kobriger, Alan R. Sands. 1994. Sage grouse
biology/habitat (What do we need to know and why).
Sage grouse and Columbian Sharp-tailed grouse
workshop/Prairie chicken Technical Council. 25-28
July 1993, Fort Collins, CO. In Press.
Bregan, Phil F. 1964. East of the Cascades. Binfords and
Mort, Portland, OR. 304pp.
Bureau of Land Management. 1988. Status Report,
Fisheries and Wildlife Program.
Bureau of Land Management. 1989. Brothers/LaPine
Resource Management Plan, Record of Decision.
BLM-OR-ES-89-14-2410.
Bureau of Land Management. 1992. Fish and Wildlife
2000: Upland Game Bird Habitat Management. BLM-
ID-PT-92-007-4351.
Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Office. 1993.
Exploring Oregon's Past - A Teacher's Activity Guide
for Fourth through Seventh Grade.
Call, Mayo W. and Chris Maser. 1986. Wildlife habitats in
managed rangelands-The great basin of Southeastern
Oregon: Sage Grouse. General Technical Report
PNW-187.
Candfield, R. 1941. Application of the line interception
method in sampling of range vegetation. J. For.
39:386-394.
Connelly, John W. 1993. Renesting by sage grouse in
Southeastern Idaho. The Condor 95:1041-1043.
Connelly, John W., Howard W. Browers and Robert J.
Gates. 1988. Seasonal movements of sage grouse in
Southeastern Idaho. J. Wildl. Manage. 52(1):116-122.
Crawford, J. A. 1982a. History of sage grouse in Oregon.
Oregon Wildl. 1982(March):3-6.
Crawford, J. A. 1982b. Factors affecting sage grouse
harvest in Oregon. The Wildlife Society Bulletin Vol.
10 No. 4.
Crawford, J. A., and R. S. Lutz. 1985. Sage grouse
population trends in Oregon, 1941-1983. Murrelet
66:69-74.
Crawford, J. A., M. A. Gregg, M. S. Drut and A. K.
DeLong. 1992. Habitat use by sage grouse during the
breeding season in Oregon. Final Report to The
Bureau of Land Management, Oregon State Univer-
sity, Corvallis, OR. 83pp.
Crawford, John A. and Anita K. Delong. 1993. Habitat use
and reproductive success of female sage grouse in
relation to livestock grazing at Hart Mountain Ante-
lope Refuge, Oregon. Annual Report.
Daubenmire, R. F. 1959. A canopy-coverage method of
vegetation analysis. Northwest Sci. 33:224-227
Drut, M. S. 1994. Status of sage grouse with emphasis on
populations in Oregon and Washington. Audubon
Society of Portland. 43pp.
Drut, M. S., J. A. Crawford, and M. A. Gregg. 1994.
Brood habitat use by sage grouse in Oregon. Great
Basin Nat. In Press.
Dunn, P. and C. E. Braun. 1986. Summer habitat use by
adult female and juvenile sage grouse. J. Wildl.
Manage. 50(2): 228-235.
Edminster, R C. 1954. American Game Birds of Field and
Forest. Castle Books, New York, 490pp.
Emmons, S. R., and C. E. Braun. 1984. Lek attendance of
male sage grouse. J. Wildl. Manage. 48:1023-1028.
Eng, R. L. 1963. Observations on the breeding biology of
male sage grouse. J. Wildl. Manage. 27:841-846.
Eng, R. L. and P. Schladweiler. 1972. Sage grouse winter
movements and habitat use in central Montana. J.
Wildl. Manage. 36: 141-146.
Evans, Carol C. 1986. The relationship of cattle grazing
to sage grouse use of meadow habitat on the Sheldon
National Wildlife Refuge. Masters Thesis.
Fischer, Richard A., Anthony D. Apa, Wayne L. Wakkinen,
Kerry P. Reese, and John W. Connelly. 1993. Nesting-
area fidelity of sage grouse in Southeastern Idaho. The
Condor 95: 1038-1041.
Gates, R. J. 1983. Sage grouse, lagomorph and Pronghorn
use of a sagebrush grassland burn site on the Idaho
National Engineering Laboratory. M.S. Thesis,
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT.
Giesen, G. L., T. J. Schoenberg, and C. E. Braun. 1982.
Methods for trapping sage grouse in Colorado. Wildl.
Soc. Bull. 10:224-231.
Gill, R. B. 1965. Distribution and abundance of a
population of sage grouse in North Park, Colorado.
M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
187pp.
Girard, G. L. 1935. Life history, habits, and food of the
sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus. M.S. Thesis.
Univ. Wyoming, Laramie. 153pp.
Girard, G. L. 1937. Life history, habits, and food of the
sage grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus. Bonaparte.
Univ. Wyo. Publ. 3:1-56.
Gray, G. M. 1967. An ecological study of sage grouse
broods with reference to nesting, movements, food
habits, and sagebrush strip spraying in the Medicine
Lodge drainage, Clark County, Idaho. M.S. Thesis.
Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. 200pp.
Gregg, Michael A. 1991. Use and selection of nesting
habitat by sage grouse in Oregon. M.S. Thesis,
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
Gregg, M. A., J. A. Crawford, M. S. Drut, and A. K.
DeLong. 1994. Vegetative Cover and Predation of
Sage Grouse Nests in Oregon. J. Wildl. Manage.
58(1):162-166.
Gullion, G. W. 1970. Factors influencing ruffed grouse
populations. Trans. North Am. Wildl. Nat. Resources
Conf. 35:93-105.
Hall, F. 1985. Wildlife habitats in managed rangelands-
The Great Basin of southeast Oregon: Management
practices and options. General Technical Report PNW-
189.
48
Hanssen, I., J. Ness and J.B. Steen. 1982. Parental
nutrition and chick production in captive willow
ptarmigan (Lagopus 1. lagopus). Acta. Vet. Scand.
23:528-538.
Higby, L. W. 1969. A summary of the Longs Creek
sagebrush control project. Pro. Biennial Western
States Sage Grouse Workshop 6:164-168.
Jenni, D. A., and J. E. Hartzler. 1978. Attendance at a
sage grouse lek; implications for spring censuses. J.
Wildl. Manage. 42:46-52.
June, J. W. 1963. Western states sage grouse 1963
workshop. Western states grouse committee, 1962-
1963. June 18, 19, and 20, 1963, Lima, MT. Wyom.
Game and Fish Dept. 69pp.
June, J. W. 1967. Guzzlers-man-made water holes for
wildlife. Wyo. Wildl. 31(7):30-35.
Klebenow, D. A. 1969a. Sage grouse nesting and brood
habitat in Idaho. J. Wildl. Manage. 33:28-31
Klebenow, D. A. 1969b. Sage grouse versus sagebrush
control in Idaho. J. Range Manage. 23:396-400.
Klebenow, D. A. 1982. Livestock grazing interactions
with sage grouse. In: J.M. Peek and RD. Dalke (eds.).
Proc. Wildl. Livestock Relationships Symposium,
Univ. Idaho, For., Wildl., and Range Exp. Stn.,
Moscow. p.113-123.
Klebenow, D. A., and G. M. Gray. 1968. Food habits of
juvenile sage grouse. J. Range Manage. 21(2):80-83.
Lack, D. 1954. The natural regulation of animal numbers
London, Oxford University Press.
Leach, H. R., and A. L. Hensley. 1954. The sage grouse
in California with special reference to food habits.
Calif. Fish and Game 40:385-394.
Martin, N. S. 1970. Sagebrush control related to habitat
and sage grouse occurrence. J. Wildl. Manage.
34:313-320.
Nelson, O. C. 1955. A field study of the sage grouse in
southeastern Oregon with special reference to repro-
duction and survival. M.S. thesis. Oreg. State Coll.,
Corvallis. 113p.
Oakleaf, R. J. 1971. Relationship of sage grouse to
upland meadows in Nevada. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of
Nevada, Reno. 73pp.
Patterson, R. L. 1952. The sage grouse in Wyoming.
Sage Books, Denver. 341pp.
Peterson, B. E. 1980. Breeding and nesting ecology of
female sage grouse in North Park, Colorado. M.S.
Thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 86pp.
Peterson, J. G. 1970. The food habitats and summer
distribution of juvenile sage grouse in central Mon-
tana. J. Wildl. Manage. 34:147-155.
Pyrah, D. B. 1954. A preliminary study toward sage
grouse management in Clark and Fremont counties
based on seasonal movements. M.S. Thesis, Univer-
sity of Idaho, Moscow, ID. 90pp.
Rasmussen, D. I., and L. A. Griner. 1938. Life history
and management studies of the sage grouse in Utah,
with special reference to nesting and feeding habits.
Trans. N. Am. Wild]. Conf. 3:852-864.
Remington, T. E. and C. E. Braun. 1985. Sage grouse
food selection in winter, North Park, CO. J. of Wildl.
Manage. 49(4):1055-1061.
Rich, T. 1985. Sage grouse population fluctuations:
Evidence for a 10-year cycle. BLM Technical Bulletin
85-1. Boise, Idaho.
Rogers, G. E. 1964. Sage grouse investigations in
Colorado. Colorado Game, Fish and Parks Dept.,
Tech. Publ. No. 16 132pp.
Savage, D. E. 1969. Relation of sage grouse to upland
meadows in Nevada. Nev. Fish and Game Comm. Job
Completion Rep. Project W-39-R-9, Job 12 Reno.
Schoenberg, T. J. 1982. Sage grouse movements and
habitat selection in North Park, Colorado. M.S.
Thesis, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 86pp.
Trueblood, R. W. 1954. The effect of grass reseeding in
sagebrush lands on sage grouse populations. M.S.
thesis. Utah State Univ., Logan. 77pp.
Wallestad, R. O. 1971. Summer movements and habitat
use by sage grouse broods in central Montana. J.
Wildl. Manage. 35:129-136.
Wallestad, R. O. 1975a. Life history and habitat require-
ments of sage grouse in central Montana. Mont. Dept.
Fish and Game, Helena. 65pp.
Wallestad, R. O. 1975b. Male sage grouse responses to
sagebrush treatment. J. Wildl. Manage. 39:482-484.
Wallestad, R. O., and D. B. Pyrah. 1974. Movement and
nesting of sage grouse hens in central Montana. J.
Wildl. Manage. 38:630-633.
Wallestad, R. and Philip Schladweiler. 1974. Breeding
season movements and habitat selection of male sage
grouse. J. of Wildl. Manage. 38(4):634-637.
Watson, A. and R. Moss. 1979. Population cycles in the
Tetraonidae. Grn. Fenn. 56:87-109.
Welch, Bruce L., Fred J. Wagstaff, and Jay A. Roberson.
1991. Preference of wintering sage grouse for big
sagebrush. J. of Range Manage. 44(5):462-465.
Willis, Mitchell J., George P. Keister Jr., David A. Immel,
David M. Jones, Russ M. Powell and Ken R. Durbin.
1993. Sage Grouse in Oregon. Oregon Department of
Fish and Wildlife Research Report No. 18. Portland,
OR. 70pp.
49
Appendix 1
Statistical Methods and Data for Section 1
Lek Counts and Population Estimate
Sage Grouse Trend
Between 14 and 20 leks were monitored from 1988-1993. During this time, males per lek declined from 14.4 in 1988 to 9.3
in 1993. Although this intuitively seemed to be a significant decline, lack of a complete data set prevented use of proper
statistical analysis for trend of males per lek. Incomplete data refers to leks not yet discovered and therefore not sampled,
and some known leks did not meet the three count criteria needed to equal the data samples. Therefore, only 14 leks were
used to determine the trend in sage grouse numbers (Table IA).
Statistical Analysis
A regression analysis was used to determine the trend in the number of males per lek from 1989 to 1993. Data from each
lek was tested to see if the slope of the line was different from zero. All 14 leks were determined to have slopes (positive or
negative) different from zero. In addition, data from each lek had a common slope with independent intercepts. Therefore,
the regression analysis encompassed all data from all 14 leks from 1989 to 1993 (A Complete Data Set).
From this analysis it was determined that the trend in males per lek from 1989 to 1993, for the 14 leks, was a significant
decline (Regression Analysis P=0.0001) This was a 42% decline over a five year period.
Table 1A. The highest count of males on 14 leks surveyed, on the Deschutes Resource Area, BLM,
Deschutes and Crook counties, Oregon, 1989 to 1993.
LEK
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1. MILLICAN
39
27
25
26
24
2. EVANS WELL
15
9
5
6
6
3. MOFFIT RANCH
26
16
16
17
12
4. THE GAP
4
2
4
4
3
5. DICKERSON WELL
1
0
0
0
0
6. WHISKEY SPRINGS
18
11
7
16
14
7. SPICER FLAT
25
24
14
12
10
8. LITTLE MUD LAKE
7
11
4
5
1
9. SQUAW LAKE
7
15
14
12
10
10. THE ROCK
18
30
27
22
28
11. AUDUBON
12
15
10
7
5
12. GOVERNMENT WELL
1
7
2
0
0
13. DRY RIVER
5
4
0
0
0
14. CIRCLE F
27
28
28
16
8
TOTAL
205
199
156
146
120
MALES/LEK
14.6
14.2
11.4
10.4
8.6
51
Appendix 2
Historical Lek Count Data
Number of Males Counted
Year Lek Total Avg.*
Moffitt
Audubon
Rock
Dickerson Well
1950
53
NA
NA
71
124
62
1951
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1952
45
43
36
28
152
38
1953
51
34
44
50
179
45
1954
76
46
72
54
248
62
1955
68
45
61
51
225
56
1956
49
33
50
43
175
44
1957
10
12
35
20
77
19
1958
26
10
51
31
118
30
1959
22
28
65
27
142
36
1960
40
15
37
28
120
30
1961
30
19
38
NA
87
29
1962
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1963
46
13
10
15
84
21
1964
61
57
17
22
157
39
1965
81
46
57
15
199
50
1966
78
36
74
32
220
55
1967
58
30
50
21
159
40
1968
33
21
42
24
120
30
1969
38
12
48
07
105
26
1970
21
09
36
03
69
17
1971
11
06
32
00
49
12
1972
12
09
26
00
47
11
1973
03
12
35
00
50
13
1974
06
13
14
00
33
08
1975
14
04
14
00
32
08
1976
17
14
09
00
40
10
1977
28
28
04
00
60
15
1978
14
25
17
00
56
14
1979
48
21
17
07
93
23
1980
43
28
17
00
88
22
1981
32
35
12
21
100
25
1982
21
15
00
03
39
10
1983
16
12
00
03
31
08
1984
20
12
00
00
32
08
1985
10
07
NA
NA
17
09
1986
19
08
NA
NA
27
14
1987
29
10
NA
NA
39
20
1988
34
24
33
04
95
24
1989
26
11
18
01
56
14
1990
16
09
30
00
55
13
1991
12
10
27
00
49
12
1992
17
07
22
00
46
12
1993
12
05
28
00
45
11
NA - count not available
* rounded to nearest whole number
53
Appendix 3
Statistical Methods and Raw Data for Section 3
Nesting Habitat and Reproductive Success
Habitat Use versus Availability
Proportions of cover types used for nesting were compared with availability of cover types. Due to low frequency occur-
rences in some of the contingency table cells, a log-likelihood ratio test was used instead of a Chi-Square analysis. Results
were considered significant at the P=0.05 level.
Vegetative Characteristics at Nest Sites
Habitat components measured at nest sites were analyzed with the SAS/STAT program (1990). Comparisons were made
between nest center, nest area, nest plot, and random plots. Also, comparisons were made between successful and unsuc-
cessful nest. A test for normality showed that a number of the variables were not normally distributed, therefore all com-
parisons were analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis chi-square approximation test. Using the Kruskal-Wallis
test increases the likelihood of committing a Type I error, but this was deemed acceptable due to the non-normality of the
data.
Raw Data
Table 3A. Habitat characteristics at nest centers, nest areas, nest plots and random plots on the
Prineville District, BLM, Deschutes and Crook counties, Oregon, 1991-93.
Nest Center
Nest Area
Nest Plot
Random Plot
(n = 20)
(n = 20)
(n = 20)
(n = 40)
Characteristic T SE
T SE
T SE
T SE
Grass height (cm)
22
3,
-
-
-
-
16
la
Grass cover
15
2
17
2
17
2
13
1
Forb cover
5
2
4
1
4
1
5
1
Shrub cover
44
2an
16
la
22
1e
16
1bc
Short, < 40 cm
12
2
9
1
9
1
7
<1
Medium, 40-80 cm
30
31n
6
1a
11
1
8
1b
Tall, > 80 cm
2
1
1
<1
1
<1
1
<1
a A,c Means followed by the same letter within a row are significantly different (P < 0.05).
All other comparisons were made and were not found to be significant.
55
Appendix 4
Measurement Conversion Chart
Metric Unit English Unit
Kilometer (1000 meters) 0.625 miles
Meter (100 centimeters) 3.3 feet
Centimeter
Hectare
0.4 inches
2.5 acres
57
M
C
J Q y
a a o>~
N W R C7
Q,~ C
Jdf cZ
V w J
¢_4c °a
N~
aa°
m
m
O E-
z
Ul
W
~
CD
V
I
W
ZQOn
U)w
p
o P
WZI- ~rn
,
w ~
ow
=Q V" C
F-~ CCs o,
Zw
Q=)
Zww
OZ -O ,O
a
~a
c7o
CO
HJ WLU
Z
•
acr
Up
w
pU
cr
LL J~
~
WO m
LL
w
< CC
~OC
C r C
>
~Q
~
O
~O
Z
Qm CC
Z
a
IL
0.0
Wm
a