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2017-85-Resolution No. 2017-006 Recorded 2/23/2017REVIEWED LEGAL COUNSEL DESCHUTES COUNTY OFFICIAL RECORDS 2017.85 NANCY BLANKENSHIP, COUNTY CLERK Ird I Y COMMISSIONERS' JOURNAL 02/23/2017 02:29:57 PM 1111[11 111111 111 uii For Recording Stamp Only BEFORE THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF DESCHUTES COUNTY, OREGON A Resolution Updating the Deschutes County Noxious Weed List. * RESOLUTION NO. 2017-006 * WHEREAS, pursuant to Deschutes County Code ("DCC") 8.35.030, the Board of County Commissioners is authorized to declare certain weeds noxious for the purposes of DCC Chapter 8.35 and ORS 569.350 to 569.495; and WHEREAS, the Deschutes County Noxious Weed Advisory Board recommended that the County's Noxious Weed List be updated with additional noxious weeds; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF DESCHUTES COUNTY, OREGON, as follows: Section 1. The Deschutes County Weed List shall be updated as provided in Exhibit A, attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein. Section 2. This resolution shall take effect upon its adoption. Dated thisa2 day of r yr , 2017 ecording Secretary Page 1 of 1 RESOLUTION NO. 2017-006 BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS TAMMY BANEY, C AIR ANIONY DEBONE, V CHAIR PHILIP G NDERSON, COMMISSIONER DESCHUTES COUNTY NOXIOUS WEED LIST Deschutes County Noxious Weed Policy and Classification Svstem "Noxious Weed" means any weed designated by the Deschutes County Board of County Commissioners ("Board") that is injurious to public health, agriculture, recreation, wildlife, or any public or private property; any weed that impacts and displaces desirable vegetation, such as Threatened and Endangered plant species, wildlife habitat, and livestock. It is acknowledged that certain noxious weeds have become so thoroughly established and are spreading so rapidly on private, state, county, and federally owned lands that they may have been declared by Oregon Revised Statue 569.350 to be a menace to public welfare. Steps leading to eradication where possible, and intensive control are necessary. It is further recognized that the responsibility for such eradication and intensive control rests not only on the private landowner and operator, but also the county, state and federal government. Noxious Weed Control Rating System Noxious Weeds, for the purpose of this system, shall be designated "A", "B" or "C" 1. An "A" designated weed is the highest priority noxious weed designated by the Board. The Weed Control District will comply with a state wide management plan and/or implement a county wide plan for intensive control and monitoring. An "A" rated weed may also be a weed of known economic or ecological importance which occurs in small enough infestations to make eradication or containment possible; or one that is not known to occur here, but its presence in neighboring counties make future occurrence here seem imminent. Action: Infestations are subject to intensive eradication, containment or control when and where found. 2. A "B" designated weed is a weed that has the potential to cause economic or ecological harm to agriculture, recreation, wildlife and transportation systems. Distribution is limited in the County, region or State. Intensive control to limit or eliminate reproduction and spread will occur at the County level as resources and situations allow. Action: Intensive containment, control and monitoring by the landowner is required. 3. A "C" designated weed is a weed that has the potential to cause economic or ecological harm to agriculture, recreation, wildlife and transportation systems. Distribution is widespread in the County, region or State, therefore eradication is unlikely and treatment is a lower priority. Action: Control and monitoring by the landowner is recommended. This list is available on the web at www.deschutes.org/weeds or by contacting the Deschutes County at 541-322-7117. Page 1 of 3 — EXHIBIT A TO RESOLUTION NO. 2017-006 "A" Rated Noxious Weeds: Common Name African Rue Buffalobur + Common Houndstongue Dyer's Woad ** Eurasian Milfoil + False Brome Giant Cane (Giant Reed) Hoary Alyssum + Hydrilla Leafy Spurge + Meadow Knapweed Mediterranean Sage + Medusahead Rye + Musk Thistle ** Orange Hawkweed + Perennial Pepperweed + Purple Loosestrife + Rush Skeletonweed Russian Knapweed + Saltcedar Tamarix + Scotch Thistle + Squarrose Knapweed Sulfur Cinquefoil Tansy Ragwort + Ventenata + Water Primrose Whitetop; Hoary Cress + Wild Carrot + Yellow Floating Heart + Yellow Starthistle ** Common Name Scientific Name Peganum harmala Solanum rostratum Cynoglossum officinale Isatis tinctoria Myriophyllum spicatum Brachypodium sylvaticum Arundo donax Berteroa incana Hydrilla verticillata Euphorbia esula Centaurea nigrescens Salvia aethiopis Taeniatherum caput -medusae Carduus nutans Hieracium aurantiacum Lepidium latifolium Lythrum salicaria Chondrilla juncea Acroptilon repens Tamarix ramosissima Onopordum acanthium Centaurea virgata Potentilla recta Senecio jacobaea Ventenata dubia Ludwigia ssp. Lepidium draba Daucus carota Nymphoides spp. Centaurea solstitialis "B" Rated Noxious Weeds: Canada Thistle + Dalmation Toadflax + Diffuse Knapweed + Kochia + Myrtle Spurge + Poison Hemlock + Puncturevine + Scientific Name Cirsium arvense Linaria dalmatica Centaurea diffusa Kochia scoparia Euphorbia myrsinites Conium maculatum Tribulus terrestris Page 2 of 3 — EXHIBIT A TO RESOLUTION NO. 2017-006 Common Name Ribbon Grass + Russian Thistle + Scotch Broom Spotted Knapweed + Yellow Toadflax + Yellowflag Iris + Common Name Scientific Name Phalaris arundinacea var. picta Salsola spp. Cytisus scoparius Centaurea stoebe Linaria vulgaris Iris pseudacorus "C" Rated Noxious Weeds: Bull Thistle + Bur Buttercup + Cheat Grass (Downy Brome) + Common Mullein + Dodder + Field Bindweed + Filaree Redstem + Horseweed + Oxeye Daisy + Poverty Sumpweed + Quackgrass + Reed Canary Grass + South American Waterweed + Spiny Cocklebur + St Johnswort + Sweet Clover(s) -Only on Right of Ways + Western Water -Hemlock / + + Currently in the County **All known populations have been treated / Natives but Poisonous to Animals or Humans Scientific Name Cirsium vulgare Ranunculus testiculatus Bromus tectorum Verbascum thapsus Cuscuta spp. Convolvulus arvensis Erodium cicutarium Conyza canadensis Leucanthemum vulgare Iva axillaries Agropyron repens Phalaris arundinacea Elodea densa Xanthium spinosum Hypericum perforatum Melilotus officinalis Cicuta douglasii Page 3 of 3 — EXHIBIT A TO RESOLUTION NO. 2017-006 Deschutes County Board of Commissioners 1300 NW WaII St, Bend, OR 97703 (541) 388-6570 — Fax (541) 385-3202 — https://www.deschutes.org/ AGENDA REQUEST & STAFF REPORT For Board of Commissioners Business Meeting of February 22, 2017 DATE: February 1, 2017 FROM: Ed Keith, Natural Resources - Forestry, 541-322-7117 TITLE OF AGENDA ITEM: Consideration of Board Signature of Resolution 2017-006, Updating the Deschutes County Noxious Weed List PUBLIC HEARING ON THIS DATE?: No CONTRACTOR: Contractor/Supplier/Consultant Name: N/A AGREEMENT TIMEFRAME: Starting Date: N/A Ending Date: N/A INSURANCE: Insurance Certificate Required: No Insurance Review Required by Risk Management: No BACKGROUND AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Resolution 2017-006 updates the Deschutes County Noxious Weed List (Exhibit A). The Deschutes County Noxious Weed Advisory Board periodically reviews the Noxious Weed List and recommends changes to the Board of County Commissioners. This list was most recently updated with resolution 2015-032. FISCAL IMPLICATIONS: None ATTENDANCE: Ed Keith, County Forester; Spring Olson, Noxious Weed Advisory Board Chair RECOMMENDATION & ACTION REQUESTED: Move approval of Resolution number 2017-006. i 4 Weed Advisory Board February 1, 2017 61150 SE 27th Street • Bend, Oregon 97702 541-322-7117 • Fax 541-388-2719 To: Deschutes County Board of Commissioners From: Spring Alaska Olson, Chair, Deschutes County Noxious Weed Advisory Board Re: 2017 Noxious Weed List update The Deschutes County Noxious Weed Advisory Board is submitting the revised 2017 Noxious Weed List for your approval. The Deschutes County Noxious Weed Advisory Board recommends that one noxious weed, oxeye daisy, be added to the list and designated a "C" weed. This plant is invasive and is a threat to pastures, forests and meadows. More information on oxeye daisy from the Pacific Northwest Extension Service is attached. In addition, meadow knapweed and medusahead rye have been corrected to reflect a change in the taxonomic names of these two species. Resolution No. 2017-006 adopts the revised Deschutes County Noxious Weed list. 0 xeye daisy is a showy perennial herb in the Asteraceae family that was introduced from Europe, most likely as a medicinal herb to treat asthma, whooping cough, and other coughs. Some people enjoy the young leaves in salads. Oxeye daisy is still sold as an herb and as an orna- mental by itself and in mixes. Other common names include white daisy, marguerite, field daisy, aspen daisy, poor -land flower, and moon -penny. Oxeye daisy occurs in 17 Idaho counties, 20 Oregon counties, and 40 Washington counties. It is a noxious weed in Washington, and several Idaho counties have added oxeye daisy to their county noxious weed lists. It is illegal to sell oxeye daisy seeds or plants where it is designated as noxious. A related species, Shasta daisy (Chrysanthemum maximum), looks very similar and is a better choice for beau- tifying the landscape. Oxeye daisy prefers upland meadows and pastures but can be found in landscapes, along roadways, and in fields, range- lands, and waste areas. Once established, it competes Author—Steven Hines, 'Timothy S. Prather, and Sandra Robins PNW 579 Oxeye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. Synonym = Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Oxeye daisy flower head. Oxeye daisy rosette. Mature oxeye daisy plant. Oxeye daisy looks similar to the Shasta daisy (Chrysanthemum maximum). A Pacific Northwest Extension Publication University of Idaho • Oregon State University • Washington State University against grasses, reducing forage production. It also exposes soil in the fall making the infested area vulnerable to erosion and other aggressive weeds. Management practices dis- cussed in this bulletin focus on pasture, rangeland, and road- side infestations. Identification Oxeye daisy is an herbaceous perennial with rhizomes and adventitious roots. Plants grow 1 to 3 feet in height. Stems and leaves are smooth to sparsely hairy. Basal leaves are spatula -shaped to round and occur on long stalks that are 2 to 5 inches long. The leaf margins are toothed to more or less pinnately lobed. Leaves progressively decrease in size upward on the stem. The upper leaves clasp the stem in an alternate arrangement. The upper leaves are narrowly oblong with toothed to shallow- ly lobed margins. Flower heads are usually soli- tary and grow at the ends of the branches. Flowers are showy and daisy -like, with 20 to 30 white ray flowers and numer- ous yellow disk flowers. Flower heads average 1 to 2.2 inches in diameter. The petals are slightly notched at the tip, and the floral bracts are green with dark brown margins. The fruit is a round achene, brown to black in color, 1/16 of an inch long, with 8 to 10 ridges down the sides and no pappus. One flower head can contain up to 200 seeds. Biology and Ecology Oxeye daisy plants flower June through August. A healthy plant may produce up to 26,000 seeds. The seeds generally ger- minate in the fall in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon but may germinate throughout the growing season. Dryer fall con- ditions will delay germination until spring, but the seed does not have a dormancy period. Oxeye daisy seeds maintain via- bility, and in one study 82 per- cent of the seed germinated after 6 years and 1 percent ger- minated after 39 years. Oxeye daisy spreads mainly by seeds, but it also spreads effectively by the rhizomes. Oxeye daisy competes aggressively, especially under continuous grazing pressure. High seed production allows oxeye daisy to quickly take over a pasture or meadow, especially if management allows exposure of bare soil, which is where seeds are more likely to germi- nate. Cattle preferably graze other plants when kept in a pas- ture at low stocking rates, reducing plant competition with oxeye daisy and allowing it to get an even better hold in the pasture. Ungrazed meadows are susceptible to invasion because the branched rhizomes and strong adventitious roots allow the plant to fully utilize any open space. Management Mechanical control Mowing should be timed to the onset of flowering. Plants 2 may flower more than once, and subsequent mowings also should be timed to the onset of flowering. Hand weeding of small populations can be effec- tive, especially in moist soil where more of the root system can be removed by digging. Repeated hand weeding likely will be required because roots remaining may sprout, forming new plants, and seedlings will continue to emerge because the seeds remain viable for many years. Grazing Horses, sheep, and goats readily consume oxeye daisy, but cattle usually avoid it. Effective grazing programs should include short -duration, high-intensity grazing with cat- tle prior to flower production followed, if possible, by grazing with goats or sheep to consume remaining oxeye daisy plants. Grazing will suppress estab- lished populations; however, seeds and rhizomes will replace any oxeye daisy vegetation removed by animals. Oxeye daisy may alter the taste of milk from dairy cows that have con- sumed it. Competitive plants Perennial bromes, both native and introduced, are com- petitive with oxeye daisy as are timothy, orchardgrass, tall fes- cue, and most native and intro- duced wheatgrasses. Stimulating grass competition with fertilizer has been shown to increase forage production by 500 percent and hinder oxeye daisy growth. Pastures and meadows with established infestations of oxeye daisy are often nitrogen deficient. In pas- ture settings, fertilization according to a soil test may be required after control of oxeye daisy to improve growth of grasses and increase their com- petitive ability. Fertilization tim- ing can be either (1) late spring after a spring herbicide applica- tion or (2) early fall to mid - spring after herbicide applica- tion during the previous spring or summer. Control with herbicides Several broadleaf herbicides registered for use in pasture are effective against oxeye daisy beginning when leaves are visi- ble in the spring until flowering. Weedy hawkweeds are associat- ed with oxeye daisy, often growing within the same fields, and herbicides mimicking natu- ral plant hormones effective on hawkweeds are also effective on oxeye daisy. Adjuvants should be used according to the specific herbicide label; there are no special adjuvant require- ments for oxeye daisy. Herbicides that disrupt plant enzyme production that are effective on members of the aster family are also effective on oxeye daisy. Herbicide rec- ommendations change, often yearly, so please use the guide- lines for herbicide use found in the annually revised Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook available in print or online at http://agippc.orst.edu/pnw/weeds. Biological control No biological control agents have been introduced for oxeye daisy control. The Authors—Steven Hines, Extension Educator in Lincoln County, University of Idaho Extension; Timothy S. Prather, Extension Weed Specialist, University of Idaho Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, Moscow; and Sandra Robins, Lambert Erickson Weed Diagnostic Laboratory Taxonomist, University of Idaho Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, Moscow. 3 Summary Oxeye daisy is well estab- lished in the Pacific Northwest. Forage production can be reduced by oxeye daisy compe- tition. Goats and sheep readily eat oxeye daisy, but cattle require high-intensity, short - duration grazing to set back oxeye daisy. Oxeye daisy is sus- ceptible to many herbicides used for pasture and rangeland weed control. Maintaining com- petitive forages will deter expansion of oxeye daisy popu- lations. Management will require long-term diligence since seed longevity is longer than 6 years. Oxeye daisy infests open meadows and pastures. Pacific Northwest extension publications are produced cooperatively by the three Pacific Northwest land-grant universities: Washington State University, Oregon State University, and the University of Idaho. Sirnilar crops, climate, and topography create a natural geographic unit that crosses state lines. Since 1949, the PNW program has published more than 550 titles, preventing duplication of effort, broadening the availabili- ty of faculty specialists, and substantially reducing costs for the participating states. Published and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by University of Idaho Extension, the Oregon State University Extension Service, Washington State University Extension, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. 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