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Table of Figures Page iii
Figures
Chapter 3: Project Area Description
Figure 3-1. Study area ..............................................................................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3-2. Groundwater table based on 1994 synoptic water level measurements..................................................................3-5
Figure 3-3. General soil associations in the La Pine sub-basin.................................................................................................3-6
Chapter 4: Field Test Program Description
Figure 4-1. Example QAPP......................................................................................................................................................4-6
Figure 4-2. Chloride sample filtering equipment......................................................................................................................4-9
Figure 4-3. RX-30 System-R pipe vs. chamber BOD-5 data..................................................................................................4-11
Figure 4-4. RX-30 System-H2 pipe vs. chamber BOD-5 data................................................................................................4-12
Figure 4-5. RX-30 System-M pipe vs. chamber BOD-5 data.................................................................................................4-12
Figure 4-6. NITREX System-F pipe vs. chamber BOD-5 data...............................................................................................4-13
Figure 4-7. NITREX System-S pipe vs. chamber BOD-5 data...............................................................................................4-13
Figure 4-8. FAST System-P pipe vs. chamber BOD-5 data. ..................................................................................................4-14
Figure 4-9. RX-30 System-R pipe vs. chamber TSS data.......................................................................................................4-14
Figure 4-10. RX-30 System-H2 pipe vs. chamber TSS data.....................................................................................................4-14
Figure 4-11. RX-30 System-M pipe vs. chamber TSS data......................................................................................................4-15
Figure 4-12. NITREX System-F pipe vs. chamber TSS data. ..................................................................................................4-13
Figure 4-13. NITREX System-S pipe vs. chamber TSS data. ..................................................................................................4-13
Figure 4-14. FAST System-P pipe vs. chamber TSS data........................................................................................................4-14
Figure 4-15. RX-30 System-R pipe vs. chamber Total Nitrogen data......................................................................................4-18
Figure 4-16. RX-30 System-H2 pipe vs. chamber Total Nitrogen data....................................................................................4-18
Figure 4-17. RX-30 System-M pipe vs. chamber Total Nitrogen data. ....................................................................................4-19
Figure 4-18. NITREX System-F pipe vs. chamber Total Nitrogen data...................................................................................4-19
Figure 4-19. NITREX System-S pipe vs. chamber Total Nitrogen data...................................................................................4-20
Figure 4-20. FAST System-P pipe vs. chamber Total Nitrogen data........................................................................................4-20
Chapter 5: Control Systems: Septic tank and sand filter performance
Figure 5-1. Wastewater treatment process in conventional onsite systems...............................................................................5-1
Figure 5-2 System-B bottomless sand filter nitrogen species over time................................................................................5-11
Figure 5-3. System-B bottomless sand filter BOD-5 & TSS over time..................................................................................5-11
Figure 5-4. System-A bottomless sand filter nitrogen species over time................................................................................5-12
Figure 5-5. System-H3 bottomless sand filter nitrogen species over time..............................................................................5-12
Chapter 6: Innovative Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems
Figure 6-1. Wastewater treatment process in nitrogen-reducing systems using (1) the septic tank as an oxygen-poor, carbon-
rich environment or (2) a separate process tank with an oxygen-poor, carbon-enriched environment..................................6-2
Figure 6-2 Rank, by Total Nitrogen, of all systems in the La Pine Project..............................................................................6-4
La Pine National Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Demonstration Project
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Figure 6-3. Rank of all systems by Total Nitrogen, including TKN and Nitrate-Nitrite...........................................................6-4
Figure 6-4. Rank, by BOD-5, of all the systems in the La Pine Project....................................................................................6-5
Figure 6-5. Rank, by Total Suspended Solids, of the systems in the La Pine Project...............................................................6-5
Figure 6-6. Systems ranked by median fecal coliform reduction..............................................................................................6-6
Figure 6-7. Systems ranked by median E. coli reduction..........................................................................................................6-6
Figure 6-8. AdvanTex™ AX-20 filter media. ..........................................................................................................................6-7
Figure 6-9. Schematic of AdvanTex™ AX-20 system in Mode 3............................................................................................6-7
Figure 6-10. System-I AX-20 (Mode 3) effluent over time........................................................................................................6-8
Figure 6-11. System-T AX-20 (Mode 3) effluent over time.......................................................................................................6-9
Figure 6-12. System-M AX-20 (Mode 3) effluent over time......................................................................................................6-9
Figure 6-13. RX-30 textile filter...............................................................................................................................................6-11
Figure 6-14. RX-30 system schematic......................................................................................................................................6-11
Figure 6-15. System-H2 RX-30 effluent over time...................................................................................................................6-12
Figure 6-16. System-M RX-30 effluent over time....................................................................................................................6-13
Figure 6-17. System-R RX-30 effluent over time.....................................................................................................................6-13
Figure 6-18. Amphidrome system............................................................................................................................................6-15
Figure 6-19. Amphidrome schematic. ......................................................................................................................................6-16
Figure 6-20. System-AD Amphidrome effluent over time. ......................................................................................................6-16
Figure 6-21. System-AG Amphidrome effluent over time. ......................................................................................................6-17
Figure 6-22. System-P Amphidrome effluent over time...........................................................................................................6-17
Figure 6-23. Biokreisel system.................................................................................................................................................6-19
Figure 6-24. Biokreisel schematic............................................................................................................................................6-19
Figure 6-25. System-M Biokreisel effluent over time. .............................................................................................................6-20
Figure 6-26. System-G Biokreisel effluent over time...............................................................................................................6-20
Figure 6-27. System-H Biokreisel effluent over time...............................................................................................................6-21
Figure 6-28. Dyno2 vertical flow wetland................................................................................................................................6-23
Figure 6-29. Dyno2 schematic..................................................................................................................................................6-23
Figure 6-30. System-C Dyno2 effluent nitrogen species over time..........................................................................................6-25
Figure 6-31. System-C Dyno2 effluent BOD-5/TSS over time................................................................................................6-25
Figure 6-32. System-E Dyno2 effluent over time.....................................................................................................................6-26
Figure 6-33. System-N Dyno2 effluent over time. ...................................................................................................................6-26
Figure 6-34. MicroSepTec EnviroServer..................................................................................................................................6-28
Figure 6-35. EnviroServer schematic. ......................................................................................................................................6-30
Figure 6-36. System-H EnviroServer effluent quality over time..............................................................................................6-30
Figure 6-37. System-M EnviroServer effluent quality over time..............................................................................................6-31
Figure 6-38. Bio-Microbics, Inc. FAST® system.....................................................................................................................6-32
Figure 6-39. FAST® system schematic....................................................................................................................................6-33
Figure 6-40. System-R FAST effluent over time......................................................................................................................6-35
Figure 6-41. System-J FAST effluent over time.......................................................................................................................6-35
Figure 6-42. System-P FAST effluent over time......................................................................................................................6-36
La Pine National Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Demonstration Project
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Figure 6-43. IDEA system process schematic..........................................................................................................................6-37
Figure 6-44. TSS samples from the IDEA system....................................................................................................................6-37
Figure 6-45. System-H IDEA effluent nitrogen species over time...........................................................................................6-39
Figure 6-46. System-H IDEA effluent over time......................................................................................................................6-39
Figure 6-47. System-L IDEA effluent over time......................................................................................................................6-40
Figure 6-48. System-Y IDEA effluent over time......................................................................................................................6-40
Figure 6-49. Innovative trench design A schematic..................................................................................................................6-42
Figure 6-50. System-B innovative trench design A (anoxic trench effluent)............................................................................6-43
Figure 6-51. System-K innovative trench design A (anoxic trench effluent)............................................................................6-43
Figure 6-52. System-P innovative trench design A (anoxic trench effluent)............................................................................6-44
Figure 6-53. System-B innovative trench design A (wood tube trench effluent)......................................................................6-44
Figure 6-54. System-K innovative trench design A (wood tube trench effluent)......................................................................6-45
Figure 6-55. System-P innovative trench design A (wood tube trench effluent)......................................................................6-45
Figure 6-56. System-B standard (control) trench effluent. .......................................................................................................6-46
Figure 6-57. System-K standard (control) trench effluent........................................................................................................6-46
Figure 6-58. System-P standard (control) trench effluent.........................................................................................................6-47
Figure 6-59. Example of dissolved oxygen in wood tube trench effluent.................................................................................6-47
Figure 6-60. Innovative trench design B schematic..................................................................................................................6-52
Figure 6-61. System-J innovative trench design B effluent......................................................................................................6-52
Figure 6-62. System-M innovative trench design B effluent....................................................................................................6-53
Figure 6-63. System-P innovative trench design B effluent. ....................................................................................................6-53
Figure 6-64. Nayadic unit cross-section. ..................................................................................................................................6-55
Figure 6-65. Nayadic system schematic. ..................................................................................................................................6-56
Figure 6-66. System-B Nayadic effluent over time..................................................................................................................6-56
Figure 6-67. System-D Nayadic effluent over time..................................................................................................................6-57
Figure 6-68. System-M Nayadic effluent over time. ................................................................................................................6-57
Figure 6-69. NiteLess system schematic...................................................................................................................................6-59
Figure 6-70. System-T NiteLess effluent over time..................................................................................................................6-60
Figure 6-71. System-P NiteLess effluent nitrogen species over time. ......................................................................................6-61
Figure 6-72. System-L NiteLess effluent nitrogen species over time.......................................................................................6-61
Figure 6-73. System-P NiteLess effluent BOD-5/TSS over time.............................................................................................6-62
Figure 6-74. System-L NiteLess effluent BOD-5/TSS over time.............................................................................................6-62
Figure 6-75. NITREX filter during installation. .......................................................................................................................6-64
Figure 6-76. NITREX system schematic..................................................................................................................................6-65
Figure 6-77. System-S NITREX effluent nitrogen species over time.......................................................................................6-65
Figure 6-78. System-F NITREX effluent nitrogen species over time.......................................................................................6-66
Figure 6-79. System-S NITREX effluent BOD-5 and TSS performance over time. ................................................................6-66
Figure 6-80. System-F NITREX effluent BOD-5/TSS over time.............................................................................................6-67
Figure 6-81. System-S lined sand filter effluent over time.......................................................................................................6-67
Figure 6-82. Puraflo module.....................................................................................................................................................6-69
La Pine National Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Demonstration Project
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Figure 6-83. Puraflo system schematic.....................................................................................................................................6-70
Figure 6-84. System-F Puraflo effluent over time....................................................................................................................6-70
Figure 6-85. System-M Puraflo effluent over time...................................................................................................................6-71
Figure 6-86. System-S Puraflo effluent over time....................................................................................................................6-71
Chapter 7: Development of the Management Program Recommendation
Figure 7-1. Existing permit process flow chart.........................................................................................................................7-4
Figure 7-2. The primary players in the maintenance program recommendation.......................................................................7-6
Figure 7-3. Recommended maintenance program produced by the O&MAC..........................................................................7-7
Chapter 8: Groundwater Quality and the Three-dimensional Groundwater and Nutrient Fate and Transport
Model
Figure 8-1. Background groundwater quality...........................................................................................................................8-3
Figure 8-2. TN and chloride concentrations over time in Well 2054........................................................................................8-4
Figure 8-3. Spatial changes in DO concentrations on a site......................................................................................................8-6
Figure 8-4. La Pine area nitrate data from real estate transactions, 1989-2003. .....................................................................8-11
Appendix A: Forms and Other Supporting Documents for Field Test Program Implementation
Figure A-1. Field test program application form......................................................................................................................A-2
Figure A-2. Property owner informational meeting agenda. ....................................................................................................A-4
Figure A-3. Innovative system field test request for proposals.................................................................................................A-6
Figure A-4. Wastewater sampling procedures..........................................................................................................................A-8
Figure A-5. Groundwater sampling procedures........................................................................................................................A-9
Figure A-6. Sampling follow-up activities. ............................................................................................................................A-11