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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.1 INTRODUCTION
Background
People move to rural communities in Deschutes County for many different reasons, but the
high quality of life was mentioned repeatedly in community meetings. Residents noted that rural
living provides peace and quiet, room to breathe and a connection with the land, the natural
world and a caring community. Retaining what people love about rural living while allowing
growth can be challenging. This chapter looks at the functional and quality of life aspects of
rural living and complements Chapter 2, Resource Management that discusses resource lands.
This chapter is divided into eight sections. Seven Statewide Planning Goals apply to this chapter,
along with associated Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs) that provide more specific guidance
on implementing the Goals. The first four sections are Rural Development, Rural Housing,
Rural Economy and Natural Hazards.
State regulations for housing can be found in Statewide Planning Goal 10, Housing and OAR
660-008. Economic growth is considered in Statewide Goal 9, Economy of the State and OAR
660-009. Both Goal 10 and Goal 9 are intended to apply primarily inside Urban Growth
Boundaries. Statewide Goal 2, Land Use and Goal 14, Urbanization, and OARs 660-004 and
660-014 address specific aspects of urban development on rural lands. Statewide Goal 7, Areas
Subject to Natural Disasters and Hazards provides guidance on how to effectively protect
development from natural hazards.
The next two sections are Public Facilities and Services and Transportation. These areas are
addressed in Statewide Goal 11, Public Facilities and Services and Statewide Goal 12,
Transportation and associated OAR 660-011 and 660-012. The next two sections of this
chapter are Rural Recreation and Destination Resorts. Statewide Planning Goal 8, Recreational
Needs and Oregon Revised Statue 197.435-467 regulate these chapters. The final section
discusses plans or policies to address site specific rural development issues.
Purpose
The purpose of the Rural Growth Management chapter is to coordinate with other chapters of
this Plan to maintain the quality of life enjoyed by rural residents. This chapter is organized as
follows:
Rural Development (Section 3.2)
Rural Housing (Section 3.3)
Rural Economy (Section 3.4)
Natural Hazards (Section 3.5)
Public Facilities and Services (Section 3.6)
Transportation System Plan (Section 3.7)
Rural Recreation (Section 3.8)
Destination Resorts (Section 3.9)
Area specific Plans and Policies (Section 3.10)
Section 3.1 Section 3.1 Section 3.1 Section 3.1 IntrodIntrod IntrodIntroductionuction uctionuction
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Background
Oregon’s land use system primarily directs growth into urban growth boundaries, to preserve
rural lands for farming and forestry. Recent growth in the unincorporated areas of the County
consists predominantly of residential development on lots existing prior to the adoption in the
1970s of the statewide planning program and Deschutes County’s Comprehensive Plan. New
commercial, industrial or residential uses on rural lands are regulated by Statewide Planning
Goals for farms, forests, urbanization and public facilities. State law restricts most rural
commercial and industrial uses, so no significant growth in those areas is anticipated.
Yet many people choose to live in rural areas. To understand demand, in 1979 the County
noted that there were over 17,000 platted, but undeveloped lots and concluded that there was
ample room for growth. In 2004 the County adopted Deschutes County Coordinated
Population Forecast 2000-2025 (see Section 4.2). As part of the population forecast, the
County used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze the potential for new
development based on existing and potential dwellings. That analysis showed the County could
serve anticipated rural population with existing lots. However, it was noted that the number of
growth-dependent variables over potential new development made the analysis inexact.
Growth Potential
As of 2010, the strong population growth of the last decade in Deschutes County was thought
to have leveled off due to the economic recession. Besides flatter growth patterns, changes to
State regulations opened up additional opportunities for new rural development. The following
list identifies general categories for creating new residential lots, all of which are subject to
specific State regulations.
New lots can be created in destination resorts
Some farm lands can be subdivided to permit one or two ‘non-farm’ parcels
New lots can be created based on the property rights legislation known as Measure 37
and Measure 49
New lots can be created through the addition of sewer systems
New lots can be created in Unincorporated Communities (see Chapter 4)
2009 legislation permits a new analysis of agricultural designated lands
Existing large forest or rural residential lots can be subdivided
Exceptions can be granted from the Statewide Planning Goals
Some farm lands with poor soils that are adjacent to rural residential uses can be rezoned
as rural residential
Some farm lands with poor soils can be rezoned into a new agricultural category with a
smaller acreage requirement
It is difficult to estimate how many additional lots could be created through these categories.
Most of these possibilities are extremely site-specific requiring an analysis of each property. In
community meetings for the 2008-2011 Plan update, the primary concerns raised over new
growth were the impacts of destination resorts and non-farm dwellings.
Section 3.2 Rural DevelopmentSection 3.2 Rural DevelopmentSection 3.2 Rural DevelopmentSection 3.2 Rural Development
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.2 RURAL DEVELOPMENT
The wildcard in rural housing development is destination resorts (see Section 3.9). These
developments are permitted on rural lands without taking a goal exception and are intended to
attract tourists. State Statute on resorts allows them to have two houses for every overnight
lodging unit, so the potential exists to add a considerable amount of new housing to rural
Deschutes County. The challenge is that it is hard to analyze impacts from resort housing
because it is not clear whether the housing is being used for full-time residences or second
homes. Additionally, some of the second homes may become full-time residences when
property owners retire.
Non-farm refers to allowing one or two new parcels of up to five acres to split off of farm
parcels as long as the remaining farm parcel retains the required acreage. This provides
flexibility by allowing the creation of new rural housing while retaining the basic agricultural
character of the area.
Property rights Measure 37 could potentially have added a sizeable number of new lots, but as
modified by Measure 49 the number is down considerably and at this point nearly impossible to
track.
Increased growth potential could follow the addition of sewer systems in south Deschutes
County or in existing unincorporated communities, which could lead to smaller lot sizes. New
lots can also be created in Unincorporated Communities, but only Tumalo and Terrebonne
have the potential to add a substantial number of new lots. However, residents in those
communities have expressed an interest in keeping their rural character (see Sections 4.5 and
4.6).
Another opportunity for rural growth is found in Section 2.2 of this Plan, within a policy to
initiate a study evaluating existing agricultural lands to determine which lands are unsuitable for
farming and could be available for residential development.
Other potential categories for new residential lots are not anticipated to add substantial new
development.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.3 RURAL HOUSING
Background
Housing is a basic need that provides not just shelter, but connection to a wider community. A
variety of housing types and price points ensures options for people at different life stages and
needs. Oregon’s statewide planning program directs cities to retain an adequate amount of land
to accommodate residential growth. Generally counties are directed to protect farms, forests
and other rural resources like wildlife while limiting new rural development. This section of the
Plan looks specifically at housing on existing and potential new parcels and how the County can
support a diverse and affordable housing supply.
Housing inside urban growth boundaries is addressed in Statewide Planning Goal 10, Housing
and OAR 660-008. Statewide Goal 2, Land Use and Goal 14, Urbanization both have sections
that address rural housing, supplemented by OAR 660-004 and 660-014. These rules refine
how new rural residential lots can be created. The Deschutes County housing policies provide
the framework for residential development. These policies assure that services, such as water,
sewage disposal and access, are adequate for residential development. The policies further
delineate the role of the County in facilitating the availability of an affordable and quality housing
stock within both urban and rural communities.
Rural Residential Exception Areas
In Deschutes County most rural lands are designated for farms, forests or other resources and
protected as described in the Resource Management chapter of this Plan. The majority of the
land not recognized as resource lands or Unincorporated Community is designated Rural
Residential Exception Area. The County had to follow a process under Statewide Goal 2 to
explain why these lands did not warrant farm or forest zoning. The major determinant was that
many of these lands were platted for residential use before Statewide Planning was adopted.
In 1979 the County assessed that there were over 17,000 undeveloped Rural Residential
Exception Area parcels, enough to meet anticipated demand for new rural housing. As of 2010
any new Rural Residential Exception Areas need to be justified through taking exceptions to
farm, forest, public facilities and services and urbanization regulations, and follow guidelines set
out in the OAR.
Rural Residential Exception Areas 2009
Source: County GIS data
71,000 acres of Rural Residential Exception Area (including right-of-way)
64,000 acres of Rural Residential Exception Area (excluding right-of-way)
24,750 Rural Residential Exception Area lots
18,100 Rural Residential Exception Area lots that are developed
Future of Rural Housing in Deschutes County
In looking rural housing growth, it is important to find the balance between protecting rural
values and protecting property rights. In community meetings some people expressed concern
over the level of new development that has been allowed while others highlighted the
Section 3.3 Rural HousingSection 3.3 Rural HousingSection 3.3 Rural HousingSection 3.3 Rural Housing
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.3 RURAL HOUSING
restrictions on their property that do not permit it. Too much development can lead to the
destruction of the qualities that bring people to Deschutes County, while too many restrictions
keep out people who would choose a rural lifestyle.
Housing Legality, Public Health and Safety
One issue meriting attention is the need to be sure housing is legally developed. A house built
without proper land use permits may not meet required setbacks or other regulations, causing
legal disputes between neighbors. A house built without proper building permits could be
constructed shoddily, causing safety issues. Land use and building permit requirements
therefore are intended to safeguard the rights of property owners and neighbors.
Historically, there have been problems in the County with substandard housing. Over the years
substandard housing has become less of an issue. However, there are still areas where
development has occurred without land use or building permits, leading to numerous code
complaints. An area of south County, known as Section 36, has been identified as one place that
the County could work closely with local residents to address health and safety issues.
Another health and safety issue that came up in public meetings is the need to regulate large
animals on residential lots. The idea is to control odors and flies that can accumulate and
impact neighbors. Research on how large animals are regulated in other counties would provide
some direction on this issue.
Housing Diversity
A challenge for the County given rural housing restrictions is how to support a diversity of
housing to meet the needs of the community, while retaining the rural character important to
residents. Deschutes County requires a 10 acre minimum lot size for new rural residential lots
in order to protect the rural quality of life and its resources. Yet, the 10 acre minimum raises
the cost of rural housing and may limit the rural lifestyle to households at the upper end of the
income spectrum. Additionally much of the new rural housing being built is located in high-end
destination resorts. This slant towards high priced rural housing is mitigated somewhat by the
thousands of small lots that were platted before land use laws were enacted. These smaller lots
provide an opportunity for less expensive housing.
One way the County can address the need for housing options is to promote the idea of
housing alternatives such as co-housing or accessory dwelling units. Currently these alternatives
are not permitted by State regulations that protect rural lands. Co-housing involves creating a
community through clustered housing. Accessory dwelling units, sometimes known as granny
flats, are small units accessory to the main housing. Regulated correctly, housing alternatives
could provide flexibility in rural housing. The first step in permitting housing variety is to initiate
a discussion with the State on how and where these types of housing would be appropriate.
Another way to support a diversity of housing is to work closely with agencies and jurisdictions
that promote it. The public corporation responsible for promoting affordable housing initiatives
in Deschutes, Jefferson and Crook Counties is the Central Oregon Regional Housing Authority,
also known as Housing Works. Organized under the Oregon Housing Authority Law (ORS
456), this agency provides affordable housing services to low income households. They also
engage in public/private partnerships to provide and manage affordable housing. Cities are also
involved in providing a diversity of housing. Promoting a variety of housing choices and mix of
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.3 RURAL HOUSING
price points can be achieved through cooperating with Housing Works and local cities, the
donation of County property, or other means.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.3 RURAL HOUSING
Section 3.3 Rural Housing PoliciesSection 3.3 Rural Housing PoliciesSection 3.3 Rural Housing PoliciesSection 3.3 Rural Housing Policies
Goals and Policies
Goal 1 Maintain the rural character and safety of housing in unincorporated
Deschutes County.
Policy 3.3.1 The minimum parcel size for new rural residential parcels shall be 10 acres.
Policy 3.3.2 Incorporate annual farm and forest housing reports into a wider system for
tracking the cumulative impacts of rural housing development.
Policy 3.3.3 Address housing health and safety issues raised by the public, such as:
a. The number of large animals that should be permitted on rural residential
parcels; or
b. The properties south of La Pine, in Township 22S, Range 10E, Section 36,
many of which are not in compliance with planning and building codes.
Policy 3.3.4 Encourage new subdivisions to incorporate alternative development patterns,
such as cluster development, that mitigate community and environmental
impacts.
Policy 3.3.5 Maintain the rural character of the County while ensuring a diversity of housing
opportunities, including initiating discussions to amend State Statute and/or
Oregon Administrative Rules to permit accessory dwelling units in Exclusive
Farm Use, Forest and Rural Residential zones.
Goal 2 Support agencies and non-profits that provide affordable housing.
Policy 3.3.6 Support Central Oregon Regional Housing Authority and other stakeholders to
meet the housing needs of all Deschutes County residents.
a. Assist as needed in coordinating and implementing housing assistance
programs.
b. Support efforts to provide affordable and workforce housing in urban growth
boundaries and unincorporated communities.
Policy 3.3.7 Utilize block grants and other funding to assist in providing and maintaining low
and moderate income housing.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.4 RURAL ECONOMY
Background
Economic development is critically important to maintaining quality of life. When the Statewide
Planning system was initiated, farming and forestry were strongly protected because they were
the State’s primary economic drivers. Statewide Planning Goal 9, Economic Development and
Oregon Administrative Rule (OAR) 660-009 apply to areas inside urban growth boundaries and
are intended to ensure an adequate land supply for business and employment growth. The Rule
defines the preparation of Economic Opportunity Analyses (EOA) to identify and promote a
diverse economy.
Rural Economy 2008-2009
Source: Economic Development for Central Oregon website
The top three economic sectors in 2009 were: retail trade, leisure and hospitality,
educational and health services
Median income for a family of four in 2008 was $63,500
A 2009 list of top private employers shows Sunriver at #3 and Eagle Crest at # 12 and
Black Butte Ranch at #15
2009 unemployment ranged from approximately 13%-16% - up from 5.3% in 2000
Source: Fishing, Hunting, Wildlife Viewing and Shellfishing in Oregon, 2008, May 2009, Prepared for
the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife by Dean Runyan Associates
A total of $78 million was spent in Deschutes County in 2008 on fishing, hunting and
wildlife viewing
Source: Oregon State University Extension Oregon Agricultural Information Network, Deschutes County
Agricultural Commodity Sales for 2008 and 2009
Over $26 million in crop and livestock sales in 2008 (revised estimate)
Over $19 million in crop and livestock sales in 2009 (preliminary estimate)
Source: County GIS
There are 5 developed Rural Commercial lots
There are 4 developed Rural Industrial lots
Economic Trends
Deschutes County’s economy was initially built around farming and logging. As those sectors
declined, recreation and tourism increased as people were drawn to the beauty and
opportunities to recreate on public lands. The high quality of life became a draw for employers
and employees alike. Until recently, the building sector boomed as new housing was built to
meet both increased housing demand and the real estate speculation that followed. Housing
prices rose so high that workforce housing became a limiting factor in economic growth. The
period of strong growth ended with the national recession that began in late 2007, leading to
falling housing prices and rising unemployment.
Section 3.4 Rural EconomySection 3.4 Rural EconomySection 3.4 Rural EconomySection 3.4 Rural Economy
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.4 RURAL ECONOMY
A partner for the County in promoting a healthy economy is Economic Development for
Central Oregon (EDCO). This private non-profit organization is dedicated to diversifying the
tri-county regional economy by attracting new investment and jobs. This organization also
tracks the local economy. As noted above, statewide land use goals and rules direct growth
primarily in urban areas. Still, there are economic opportunities that can be supported by the
County.
Farming and forestry and related businesses
Economic opportunities in these sectors are discussed in the Agriculture and Forest
sections of this Plan.
Recreation and tourism
These sectors include revenue from hunting, fishing and wildlife viewing that are discussed
in the Wildlife section of this Plan. Also included here are Mt Bachelor ski resort and
other area resorts. This sector is anticipated to continue growing.
Unincorporated Communities
New commercial and industrial uses are permitted in unincorporated communities. These
uses are limited in size. See Chapter 4 for more information.
Home-based businesses
Although not a major economic player, for many rural residents the opportunity to run a
small business out of their home provides extra income. Home businesses are regulated
tightly on agricultural land by the state, and by the county through the home occupation
code.
Green Employment
New initiatives for green energy take advantage of the local abundance of resources. See
the Energy section of this Plan.
Bend Airport
The Bend Airport is owned and managed by the City of Bend as a municipal airport with
supporting aviation associated businesses. Aviation industries are also a major focus of
EDCO. As of 2010 the City of Bend and Deschutes County are working to create a new
master plan for the area that will promote future aviation related business while
protecting the nearby rural residences from aviation-related impacts.
Coordination
The County can support and coordinate with agencies, organizations and juridictions in
promoting economic development such as coordinating on the Regional Economic
Opportunity Analysis for Un-Met Large-Lot Industrial Sites due to be completed in 2011.
The County can support farming as a contributor of the economy by promoting a diverse,
sustainable, revenue-generating agricultural sector, including emerging agricultural
conditions and markets.
Environment
Deschutes County’s quality of life is increasingly recognized as an important factor in
economic development and can be viewed as a strategic resource to be managed for its
long-term contributions as a tourist destination, to employee retention, and locational
decisions for industrial recruitment.
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Rural Commercial and Rural Industrial
In Deschutes County there are a handful of properties zoned Rural Commercial and Rural
Industrial. These designations recognize uses that predated State land use laws. New
commercial or industrial sites are controlled by State regulation and additional development is
anticipated to be minimal and only for specific sites, such as around the Bend Airport.
Rural Commercial
The Rural Commercial plan designation applies to specific exception areas located outside
unincorporated communities and urban growth boundaries. The rural commercial uses and
services in these areas are limited in size and scope to those that are less intensive than uses
allowed in Unincorporated Communities. The uses and densities are limited by the zoning,
thereby maintaining rural integrity.
The Rural Commercial designation applies to the following acknowledged exception areas:
• Deschutes Junction
• Deschutes River Woods Store
• Pine Forest
• Rosland
• Spring River
As a part of State required Periodic Review, a Rural Commercial designation was applied to
Deschutes Junction, Deschutes River Woods Store and Spring River. These areas had
previously been designated Rural Service Centers, but a new Unincorporated Communities
Rule (OAR 660-022) defined “rural service centers” in such a way that these areas no longer
matched the criteria.
The Rural Commercial plan designation and zoning brings each of these three areas into
compliance with state rules by adopting zoning to ensure that they remain rural and that the
uses allowed are less intensive than those allowed in unincorporated communities as defined in
OAR 660-022.
The County recently applied a new Rural Commercial plan designation to Rosland (2002) and
Pine Forest (2007) commercial centers which historically were committed to commercial uses
prior to the adoption of zoning regulations.
Rural Commercial Designated Areas
The Deschutes Junction Rural Commercial boundary includes 1.77 acres, bounded by Tumalo
Road on the South, Highway 97 on the East, with the remainder surrounded by Agricultural
(EFU) and Rural Residential (MUA-10) lands.
The Deschutes River Woods Store Rural Commercial boundary includes 4.99 acres bounded
by Baker Road on the North, Highway 97 on the East, railroad tracks and Cheyenne Road on
the West and Morningstar Christian School on the South. The surrounding land is zoned Rural
Residential (RR-10). The Deschutes River Woods residential subdivision is adjacent to this
property.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.4 RURAL ECONOMY
The Pine Forest Rural Commercial boundary includes approximately 2.0 acres bounded by Pine
Forest Drive and Burgess Road. The remainder is surrounded by exceptions land zoned RR-10.
The Rosland Rural Commercial boundary includes approximately 4.5 acres near the
intersection of Burgess and River Pine Roads. The remainder is surrounded by exceptions land
zoned RR-10.
The Spring River Rural Commercial boundary includes 9.16 acres bounded by Spring River
Road on the North, Lunar Drive on the East and additional commercial and residential uses on
the South and West. The surrounding land is zoned Rural Residential (RR-10).
Rural Industrial
The Rural Industrial plan designation applies to specific exception areas located outside
unincorporated communities and urban growth boundaries. The Rural Industrial plan
designation and zoning brings these areas into compliance with state rules by adopting zoning
to ensure that they remain rural and that the uses allowed are less intensive than those allowed
in unincorporated communities as defined in OAR 660-022.
The Rural Industrial designation applies to the following acknowledged exception areas.
Redmond Military
Deschutes Junction
Bend Auto Recyclers
Wickiup Junction
Rural Industrial Designated Areas
The Redmond Military site consists of tax lot 1513000000116 and is 35.42 acres, bounded by
the Redmond Urban Growth Boundary to the west and agricultural lands (EFU) surrounding
the remainder of the property.
The Deschutes Junction site consists of the following tax lots: 161226C000107 (9.05 acres),
16126C000106 (4.33 acres), 161226C000102 (1.41 acres), 161226C000114 (2.50 acres),
portions 161226C000300 (12.9 acres). 161226C000301 (8.93 acres), 161226A000203 (1.5
acres) and those portions of 161226A000111 located west of the Burlington Northern-Santa Fe
railroad tracks (16.45 acres). Generally, the Deschutes Junction site is bordered on the west by
Highway 97, on the east by the Burlington Northern Railroad, on the north by Nichols Market
Road (except for a portion of 1612226A000111), and on the south by EFU-zoned property
owned by the City of Bend.
Bend Auto Recyclers consists of tax lot 1712030000111 and is 13.41 acres, bounded by
Highway 97 to the west, and Rural Residential (MUA-10) lands to east, north and south.
Wickiup Junction consists of tax lot 2110360000104 and is 12.67 acres, bounded by Rosland
Road on the southwest with forest lands surrounding the remainder of the property.
Future of Deschutes County Economy
A key to economic growth in Deschutes County is to recognize and protect the natural
resources that contribute to the quality of life that draws both employers and employees as
well as tourists to the area. A 2010 report on Deschutes County’s economy by Headwaters
Economics and Economic Development for Central Oregon outlined a number of
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.4 RURAL ECONOMY
recommendations to increase economic diversity and resiliency. Areas where the County can
consider focusing its attention are: promoting housing diversity, local amenities, better
transportation access and higher education. According to the report, public incentives are also
helpful.
Given the State emphasis on economic development inside cities, the County’s primary role is
to cooperate with them and EDCO. Coordinating with cities, agencies and organizations that
are actively promoting economic development can be an effective use of resources. As an
example of local partnering, in 2010 the County initiated a Regional Economic Opportunity
Analysis to identify the need for large-lot industrial sites.
From a rural perspective, working with the agriculture and forest sectors to encourage new
uses as discussed in those sections of this Plan is another option. Others are supporting
sustainable recreation, tourism and commercial alternative energy projects. Finally, home based
businesses that minimize impacts on rural neighbors can also be encouraged.
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Section 3.4 Rural Economy PoliciesSection 3.4 Rural Economy PoliciesSection 3.4 Rural Economy PoliciesSection 3.4 Rural Economy Policies
Goal and Policies
Goal 1 Maintain a stable and sustainable rural economy, compatible with
rural lifestyles and a healthy environment.
Policy 3.4.1 Promote rural economic initiatives, including home-based businesses, that
maintain the integrity of the rural character and natural environment.
a. Review land use regulations to identify legal and appropriate rural economic
development opportunities.
Policy 3.4.2 Work with stakeholders to promote new recreational and tourist initiatives that
maintain the integrity of the natural environment.
Policy 3.4.3 Support a regional approach to economic development in concert with
Economic Development for Central Oregon or similar organizations.
Policy 3.4.4 Support regional educational facilities and workforce training programs.
Policy 3.4.5 Support renewable energy generation as an important economic development
initiative.
Policy 3.4.6 Support and participate in master planning for airports in Deschutes County.
Policy 3.4.7 Within the parameters of State land use regulations, permit limited local-serving
commercial uses in higher-density rural communities.
Lands Designated and Zoned Rural Commercial
Policy 3.4.8 Update the policies for lands designated Rural Commercial as needed.
Policy 3.4.9 Rural Commercial designated lands located outside of urban growth boundaries
shall allow uses less intense than those allowed in unincorporated communities
as defined by Oregon Administrative Rule 660-22 or its successor.
Policy 3.4.10 Rural Commercial zoning shall be applied to Deschutes Junction, Deschutes
River Woods Store, Pine Forest, Rosland and Spring River.
Policy 3.4.11 In Spring River there shall be a Limited Use Combining Zone.
Policy 3.4.12 County Comprehensive Plan policies and land use regulations shall ensure that
new uses authorized on Rural Commercial designated lands do not adversely
affect agricultural and forest uses in the surrounding areas.
Policy 3.4.13 Zoning in the area shall ensure that the uses allowed are rural as required by
Goal 14, Urbanization, and less intensive than those allowed for unincorporated
communities as defined in OAR 660-22. New commercial uses shall be limited to
those that are intended to serve the surrounding rural area or the travel needs
of people passing through the area.
Policy 3.4.14 New commercial uses shall be limited in size to 2,500 square feet or if for an
agricultural or forest-related use, 3,500 square feet.
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Policy 3.4.15 A lawful use existing on or before November 5, 2002 that is not otherwise
allowed in a Rural Commercial zone, may continue to exist subject to the
county’s nonconforming use regulations.
Policy 3.4.16 An existing lawful use may expand up to 25 percent of the total floor area
existing on November 5, 2002.
Policy 3.4.17 The Rural Commercial zoning regulations shall allow a mixed use of residential
or rural commercial uses.
Policy 3.4.18 Residential and commercial uses shall be served by DEQ approved on-site
sewage disposal systems.
Policy 3.4.19 Residential and commercial uses shall be served by on-site wells or public water
systems.
Policy 3.4.20 Community sewer systems, motels, hotels and industrial uses shall not be
allowed.
Policy 3.4.21 Recreational vehicle or trailer parks and other uses catering to travelers shall be
permitted.
Lands Designated and Zoned Rural Industrial
Policy 3.4.22 Update the policies for lands designated Rural Industrial as needed.
Policy 3.4.23 To assure that urban uses are not permitted on rural industrial lands, land use
regulations in the Rural Industrial zones shall ensure that the uses allowed are
less intensive than those allowed for unincorporated communities in OAR 660-
22 or any successor.
Policy 3.4.24 Limited Use Combining zones shall be applied to the Redmond Military (Tax lot
1513000000116), Deschutes Junction (Tax lot 161226C000301, Tax lot
161226C000300, Tax lot 161226C000111 and Tax lot 161226A000203) and
Wickiup Junction (Tax lot 2110360000104) to ensure permitted uses are
compatible with surrounding farm and forest lands.
Policy 3.4.25 To ensure that the uses in Rural Industrial zone on tax lot 16-12-26C-301, as
described in Exhibit “C” and depicted on Exhibit “D” attached to Ordinance
2009-007 and incorporated by reference herein, are limited in nature and scope,
the Rural Industrial zoning on that site shall be subject to a Limited Use
Combining Zone which will limit the uses to storage, crushing, processing, sale
and distribution of minerals.
Policy 3.4.26 To ensure that the uses in the Rural Industrial Zone on Tax Lot 300 on
Assessor’s Map 16-12-26C-300 and Tax Lot 203 on Assessor’s Map 16-12-26A-
300 and portions of Tax Lot 111 on Assessor’s Map 16-12-26C-111 as described
in Exhibit ‘D’ and depicted in Exhibit ‘E’ attached to Ordinance 2010-030 and
incorporated by reference herein, are limited in nature and scope, the Rural
Industrial zoning on the subject parcel shall be subject to a Limited Use
Combining Zone, which will limit the uses to storage, crushing, processing, sale
and distribution of minerals, subject to conditional use and site plan approval.
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16 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.4 RURAL ECONOMY
Policy 3.4.27 Land use regulations shall ensure that new uses authorized within the Rural
Industrial sites do not adversely affect agricultural and forest uses in the
surrounding area.
Policy 3.4.28 New industrial uses shall be limited in size to a maximum floor area of 7,500
square feet per use within a building, except for the primary processing of raw
materials produced in rural areas, for which there is no floor area per use
limitation.
Policy 3.4.29 A lawfully established use that existed on or before February 2, 2003 not
otherwise allowed in a Rural Industrial zone may continue to exist subject to the
county’s non-conforming use regulations.
Policy 3.4.30 A lawfully established use that existed on or before February 2, 2003 may be
expanded to occupy a maximum of 10,000 square feet of floor area or an
additional 25 percent of the floor area currently occupied by the existing use,
whichever is greater.
Policy 3.4.31 Residential and industrial uses shall be served by DEQ approved on-site sewage
disposal systems.
Policy 3.4.32 Residential and industrial uses shall be served by on-site wells or public water
systems.
Policy 3.4.33 Community sewer systems shall not be allowed in Rural Industrial zones.
Policy 3.4.34 A 2009 exception (Ordinance 2009-007) included an irrevocably committed
exception to Goal 3 and a reasons exception to Goal 14 to allow rural industrial
use with a Limited Use Combining Zone for storage, crushing, processing, sale
and distribution of minerals.
Policy 3.4.35 A 2010 exception (Ordinance 2010-030) took a reasons exception to Goal 14
with a Limited Use Combing Zone for storage, crushing, processing, sale and
distribution of minerals.
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DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011 17
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
Background
The need to address natural hazards has been elevated due to the population growth in the
region. The majority of Deschutes County lies within a large basin. While this location makes
the county less vulnerable to certain natural disasters such as landslides and windstorms, it does
not protect the area from wildland fires, severe winter storms and the low probability of
earthquakes and volcano eruption. Recently, Deschutes County has experienced a high number
of wildland fires. These fires have impacted environmental health and economic well-being as
well as the safety of people and structures.
Natural hazards are addressed in Statewide Planning Goal 7, Areas Subject to Natural Hazards.
Goal 7 lists potential natural hazards, such as wildfire or floods, and directs communities to
enact comprehensive plan policies and implementing regulations to reduce the risk to people
and property. Local governments are directed to respond to new information provided by
federal or state agencies in cooperation with other local governments and in a defined
timeframe.
Informed by an understanding of natural hazards, Deschutes County can reduce the risks to
property, environmental quality, and human safety by planning for land use patterns and site-
specific development. The policies in this section of the Plan provide the framework for
evaluating land use actions for their exposure to potential harm from natural hazards. The
policies guide the identification of areas subject to natural hazards, regulation and protection of
citizens, property and the environment. The protection methods prescribed by these policies
include prevention and preparedness, land use regulation, use of natural systems to mitigate
hazards, public education, and collaboration with other organizations.
Deschutes County Hazard Mitigation Plans
The County maintains plans for natural hazards. In 2004 the County created a Forestry
Specialist position to coordinate forest issues, including addressing fire prevention. The 2006
Deschutes County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan was written collaboratively and adopted by
the Deschutes Board of County Commissioners as the official assessment of potential natural
hazards. It was the first pre-disaster plan, approved by the Federal Emergency Management
Agency in Oregon.
Both the 2006 Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan and its update in 2010 were prepared in close
collaboration with partners such as the U.S. Forest Service, Oregon Department of Forestry,
local fire districts and municipalities. As Table 3.4.1 indicates, wildfire and severe winter storms
are the natural hazards most likely to occur in Deschutes County. Each identified natural hazard
is discussed below.
Section 3.5 Natural HazardsSection 3.5 Natural HazardsSection 3.5 Natural HazardsSection 3.5 Natural Hazards
Page 121 of 238 - Exhibit B to Ordinance 2011-003
18 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
TTaabbllee 33..55..11 -- NNaattuurraall HHaazzaarrdd IIddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn ffoorr DDeesscchhuutteess CCoouunnttyy
Hazard Probability of Occurrence Vulnerability Assessment Priority
Wildland Fire High High 1
Severe Winter
Storms
Moderate High 2
Flooding Moderate Moderate 3
Volcanic
Eruption
Low Low 4
Earthquake Low Low 4
Source: 2010 Deschutes County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan
Wildfire
Wildland fire is historically a natural and necessary component of forest ecosystems. About 100
years ago these fires were halted to promote livestock grazing, logging and other activities.
Forests and other wildlands are now significantly altered due to fire prevention and suppression
efforts, resulting in overgrown forests with closed canopies and decaying fuels that burn more
intensely than in the past.
In addition, the recent increase in population has led to increased development in the Wildland
Urban Interface (WUI), the area where residential and commercial development is intermixed
with forested lands. The demand for housing has pushed areas of high density residential
development further into sites traditionally covered by wildland vegetation. Between fire
controls and population growth, Deschutes County experienced a significant number of large,
fast-moving destructive wildland-urban interface wildfires in the last quarter century.
Current land managers are working to restore the open ponderosa pine habitat and its
resiliency to fire. Thinning stands to reduce the overall density makes it possible to reintroduce
low-severity prescribed fire. These controlled surface fires open the forest floor and recycle
nutrients, renewing the native diversity of grasses, shrubs and wildflowers. Additionally, a
network of federal, state and local efforts are being directed to preventing wildfires.
Deschutes County Fire Hazard Zones
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
Federal Healthy Forests Restoration Act
The Healthy Forests Restoration Act directs federal agencies to collaborate with communities
in developing a Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP), which includes the identification
and prioritization of areas needing hazardous fuels treatment. It further provides authorities to
expedite the National Environmental Policy Act process for fuels reduction projects on federal
lands. The act also requires that 50% of funding allocated to fuels projects be used in the
Wildland Urban Interface. For the first time communities have the opportunity to direct where
federal agencies place their fuels reduction efforts. With a CWPP in place, community groups
can apply for grants to treat hazardous fuels and address special concerns to reduce the risk of
catastrophic loss as a result of wildland fire.
The Healthy Forests Restoration Act requires that the applicable local government, fire
departments and state entities responsible for forest management agree to the Community
Wildfire Protection Plans. These Plans outline the priorities, strategies and actions for fuels
reduction treatments in a specific planning area. Additionally, CWPPs also address special areas
of concern and make recommendations for reducing structural vulnerability and creating
defensible spaces in sub-regions within the planning area. They are intended to be a living
vehicle for fuels reduction, education, and other projects to decrease overall risks of loss from
wildland fire. As of 2010 there are seven adopted CWPPs that cover all the land in Deschutes
County.
Deschutes County Community Wildfire Protection Plans
Greater Bend
Greater La Pine
Greater Redmond
Greater Sisters
Sunriver
Upper Deschutes River Coalition
Walker Range
Oregon Forestland-Urban Interface Fire Protection Act
The Oregon Forestland-Urban Interface Fire Protection Act, often referred to as Senate Bill
360, enlists the aid of property owners toward turning fire-vulnerable urban and suburban
properties into less-volatile zones where firefighters may more safely and effectively defend
homes from wildfires. Basically, the law requires property owners in identified forestland-urban
interface areas to reduce excess vegetation which may fuel a fire, around structures and along
driveways. In some cases, it is also necessary to create fuel breaks along property lines and
roadsides.
Forestland-urban interface areas are identified in each county by a classification committee. A
committee is composed of five members -- three appointed by the county, one by the state fire
marshal and one by the state forester. The process of identifying forestland-urban interface
areas is described in Oregon Administrative Rules 629-044-1005 through 629-044-0145 and
includes:
Lands within the county and also inside an Oregon Department of Forestry protection
district.
Lands that meet the state’s definition of “forestland.”
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20 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
Lands that meet the definition of “suburban” or “urban”; in some cases, “rural” lands may
be included within a forestland-urban interface area for the purpose of maintaining
meaningful, contiguous boundaries.
Lots that are developed, that are 10 acres in size or smaller, and which are grouped with
other lots with similar characteristics in a minimum density of four structures per 40
acres.
Once forestland-urban interface areas are identified, a committee applies fire-risk classifications.
The classifications range from “low” to “extreme," and are used by a property owner to
determine the size of a fuel break that needs to be established around a structure. Oregon
Department of Forestry supplies information about the acts’ fuel-reduction standards and mails
each property owner a certification card, which may be signed and returned to that agency
after the fuel-reduction standards have been met.
Deschutes County is one of two counties in Oregon that has fully implemented the Act. Senate
Bill 360 requirements have been applied county-wide. Residents can maintain their defensible
space through incentive programs such as the spring and fall Fire Free Clean Up days. Local fire
departments and the Fire Prevention Co-op provide education. Monitoring is conducted by
visits to the area and ongoing educational campaigns for homeowners.
Firewise Communities
The national Firewise Communities program is a multi-agency effort designed to involve
homeowners, community leaders, planners, developers, and others in the effort to protect
people, property, and natural resources from the risk of wildland fire - before a fire starts. The
Firewise Communities approach emphasizes community responsibility for planning in the design
of a safe community as well as effective emergency response, and individual responsibility for
safer home construction and design, landscaping, and maintenance. The Central Oregon
District has eight Firewise Communities USA neighborhoods nationally recognized in the state
of Oregon: Fall River in 2004, Caldera Springs and Wildriver in 2007, Cascade Meadows, Aspen
Lakes, Awbrey Glen and River Meadow in 2009 and Crosswater in 2010. Working closely with
communities is key in achieving defensible space.
Project Wildfire
Project Wildfire is the result of a Deschutes County collaborative effort to create long-term
wildfire mitigation strategies and provide for a disaster-resistant community. Created through
Deschutes County Code 8.24.010 and governed by a Steering Committee appointed by the
Board of County Commissioners, Project Wildfire coordinates and implements strategies to
mitigate the effects of losses due to natural disasters. This group reaches out to the community
with FireFree, a fire education program. They also facilitate Community Wildfire Protection
Plans. Finally Project Wildfire coordinates the implementation of fuel reduction programs and
renewable uses for the materials that are removed.
Project Wildfire Duties
To reduce potential loss of life and property through natural and human disasters by
enhancing public awareness, expanding community partnerships and prioritizing potential
hazard mitigation projects, using stakeholder and citizen input.
Advise the Board of County Commissioners, Project Wildfire staff and the Deschutes
County Office of Emergency Management and other agencies and programs on adoption
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
and implementation of wildfire mitigation and other natural hazard projects, including but
not limited to Hazard Mitigation programs approved by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency.
Project Wildfire Advisory Responsibilities
To make suggestions to stakeholders concerning disaster response plans, needed changes
in state or local laws and provide assistance to implement such suggestions.
To make recommendations on disaster planning as appropriate or as requested by the
Board of County Commissioners or other stakeholders.
Partnerships
Project Wildfire builds partnerships, sharing resources and eliminating redundancies that allow
the community to succeed where other solo organizations or individuals cannot.
TTaabbllee 33..55..22 -- PPrroojjeecctt WWiillddffiirree PPaarrttnneerr OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonnss
Deschutes County Oregon Office of State Fire Marshal
Deschutes County Rural Fire Protection
District No. 2
Deschutes National Forest - USFS Redmond
Fire and Rescue
Oregon Department of Forestry Jefferson County Fire District
Bureau of Land Management La Pine Rural Fire Protection District
Central Oregon Fire Prevention Cooperative Sunriver Fire Department
Keep Oregon Green Sisters-Camp Sherman Fire District
Bend Chamber of Commerce Southeast Bend Neighborhood Association
Bend Radio Group Deschutes River Woods HOA
Combined Communications Awbrey Butte Neighborhood Association
Horizon Broadcasting City of Bend Fire Department
Every Idea Ponderosa Pines HOA
Redmond Chamber of Commerce Sunriver
Awbrey Glen HOA Tillicum Village HOA
Woodside Ranch HOA
2005-2010 Accomplishments
Project Wildfire has had many accomplishments, such as those listed below.
Successfully competed for approximately $8.3 million from a variety of grant funds
Successfully treated over 2,000 acres of private and county owned lands utilizing National
Fire Plan Fuels Treatment grants
Treated 63,805 acres of private lands for wildland fuels treatment
Implemented a Low Income Fuels Treatment Assistance program
Collected 238,562 cubic yards of FireFree woody debris
Developed a partnership with a biomass company (T2) to grind woody debris from
FireFree defensible space efforts and the fuels treatment contracts that the county
administers, to produce clean electricity
Conducted outreach and education seminars
As liaison with federal and state partners, treated an average of 18,000 acres annually of
within the WUI as identified by the CWPPs
In partnership with Oregon Department of Forestry implemented the Oregon Forestland-
Urban Interface Fire Protection Act of 1997
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
Upper Deschutes Basin Fire Learning Network
The Nature Conservancy, U.S. Forest Service, and the Department of Interior, together with
state and local agencies, businesses, landowners, scientists, community groups and
conversationalists, created a national Fire Learning Network to catalyze fuel reduction and
restoration projects across the county. The Upper Deschutes Watershed, containing 2-million
acres is one of the project sites in the first phase of this national network. The Upper
Deschutes Fire Learning Network is developing new vegetation maps, forest condition maps
and action maps prioritizing treatable areas.
The Upper Deschutes Fire Learning Network is developing a common vision for the landscape
utilizing the best available science and incorporating values through collaborative partnerships.
The team will also integrate community planning efforts like Community Wildfire Protection
Plans with agency and government efforts to generate a vision for future land management. The
landscape’s products are timed to complement Deschutes National Forest restoration strategy
plans.
Winter Storms
Severe winter storms are the second priority in the Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan because of
the risk to life and property by creating conditions that disrupt essential regional systems such
as public utilities, telecommunications, and transportation routes. Severe winter storms can
produce rain, freezing rain, ice, snow, cold temperatures, and wind. Severe winter storms
involving heavy snow fall and cold temperatures occur more often than incidences of rain,
freezing rain and ice storms. Increased population, including new residents less familiar with
cold, snowy winters make Deschutes County more vulnerable to severe winter storms.
A severe winter storm is generally a prolonged event involving snow and cold temperatures.
The characteristics of severe winter storms are determined by the amount and extent of snow,
air temperature, and event duration. Severe storms have various impacts in different parts of
the county. There may be a 20 degree temperature difference from Terrebonne in the north
part of the county and La Pine in the south. The recurrence interval for severe winter storms
throughout Oregon is about every 13 years, however, there can be many localized storms
between these periods according to the Oregon Natural Hazard Assessment Plan.
Flooding
The third priority natural disaster is flooding. Generally, river flooding along the Deschutes River
has not historically been a serious problem in Deschutes County. This is due to the porous
nature of the geology, irrigation diversion canals and reservoir retention. Studies completed by
the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers have resulted in designating a 100 year flood plain for the Little
Deschutes River and Whychus Creek. Regular flooding events have occurred near the
headwaters of Tumalo Creek and in the Tumalo community. Along Whychus Creek, the city of
Sisters frequently experiences flooding, with the most significant event occurring in 1964.
A second area of concern focuses on the potential of flooding related to the failure of glacial
moraine dams that impound high-altitude lakes around the three Sisters and Broken Top. Much
of the Deschutes River Canyon is cut in basaltic lava flows, ash flows, or sedimentary rocks of
the Deschutes formation. These rock types are generally stable, but in many places the canyon
walls are steep to vertical. Mountain streams that begin in glacial lakes behind dams of ice or
moraines can occasionally be emptied rapidly and result in flash floods with accompanying mud
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
flows. In the event of volcanic, earthquake or a large avalanche of rock or ice into the lakes,
these dams could release floods of water and debris whose major impact would be restricted
to the hazard zone but which could inundate areas adjacent to streams.
Carver Lake, which lies in the headwaters of the South Fork of Whychus Creek, and the lake
on the east side of Broken Top that drains to Sparks Lake by way of Crater Creek and Soda
Creek, are judged the most likely lakes to generate future floods or debris flows large enough
to affect areas beyond the proximal hazard zone. Others of less hazard include several small
lakes in the headwaters of Whychus Creek and the basin below Collier Glacier at the head of
White Branch.
A third potential exists for sheet flooding occurring on frozen or impervious ground. These
events are rare and generally found in localized areas and may occur during winter months and
after significant rain. Flash flooding may occur in areas of moderate to steep slopes with sparse
vegetation. With the occurrences of thunderstorms, these areas become susceptible to flooding
and subsequent soil erosion. This situation would be typified by the eastern part of Deschutes
County and areas without permanent streams.
U.S. Geological Survey scientists and U.S. Corp of Engineer studies indicate the county is at a
low level of risk for catastrophic flooding. Studies of Carver Lake estimate the probability of a
lake flash flood to be approximately 1-5% annually. Potentially, the Little Deschutes and
Whychus Creek are most vulnerable, however greater risks are related to future volcanic
eruptions which U.S. Geological Survey scientists place at a low level of risk.
Volcanic Eruption and Earthquakes
Volcanic eruption and earthquakes are tied for fourth priority. The complex geology of
Deschutes County, with geologically recent eruptions, increases the potential for these types of
natural disasters.
Volcanic Eruptions
Two long-lived volcanic centers, Three Sisters to the west and Newberry Volcano to the south,
and many tens of smaller volcanoes have hosted numerous eruptions in geologically recent
times that range widely in size and character. Some covered sizable, currently developed areas
with lava flows or swiftly moving flows of searing ash and pumice. Others only managed to
produce small volumes of ash that blew downwind and were barely detectable in the geologic
record, or they produced lava flows in areas now protected as wilderness.
Large snow-covered volcanoes of the Three Sisters volcanic center dominate Central Oregon’s
landscape between Santiam Pass in the north and Willamette Pass in the south. Rapidly
developing areas in Deschutes County occupy the eastern border of the region. No eruptions
have occurred in Deschutes County during the past 1,000 years, however the millennium
before experienced numerous eruptions, including several at South Sister, many eruptions in
the McKenzie Pass and Belknap Crater areas, and one eruption at Newberry Volcano.
Two types of volcanoes exist in the Three Sisters region and each pose distinct hazards to
people and property. South Sister, Middle Sister, and Broken Top are major composite
volcanoes clustered near the center of the region and have erupted repeatedly over tens of
thousands of years. These volcanoes may erupt explosively in the future. In contrast, mafic
volcanoes, which range from small cinder cones to large shield volcanoes like North Sister and
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
Belknap Crater, are typically short-lived (weeks to centuries) and erupt less explosively than do
composite volcanoes. Hazardous events include eruption triggered events such as fallout of
volcanic ash or lava flows as well as non-eruption events such as landslides from the steep
flanks of large volcanoes or floods.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes are possible from four sources, though expert opinions vary regarding the degree
of susceptibility from each. The four sources are:
the off-shore Cascadia Fault Zone,
deep intraplate events within the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate,
shallow crustal events within the North American Plate, and
earthquakes associated with renewed volcanic activity.
All have some tie to the subducting (diving) of the dense, oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate under the
lighter, continental North American Plate.
Volcanic earthquakes are commonly smaller than about magnitude 2.5, roughly the threshold
for shaking felt by observers close to the event. Swarms of small earthquakes may persist for
weeks to months before eruptions, but little or no damage would occur to buildings in
surrounding communities. Some volcanic related swarms may include earthquakes as large as
about magnitude 5. For the communities of Bend, La Pine, and Sunriver, shallow earthquakes in
the magnitude 4-5 range that are located beneath Newberry volcano would cause walls to
rattle or windows and dishes to vibrate.
Tectonic earthquakes occur periodically in south-central and southeast Oregon, and they are
capable of exceeding the magnitude of volcanic earthquakes. Newberry Volcano lies in an area
whose land forms result from earthquake activity. Tectonic earthquakes as large as magnitude 7
may strike areas south and east of Newberry. Statistically speaking, Central Oregon residents
are far more likely to feel earthquake shaking than to witness an eruption in the area.
The Cascadia Subduction Zone located off the Oregon Coast generates an earthquake on
average every 500-600 years. However, as with any natural processes the average time
between events can be misleading. Some of the earthquakes may have been 150 years apart
while some closer to 1,000 years apart. Establishing a probability for crustal earthquakes is
difficult given the small number of historic events in the region.
The Deschutes County Sheriffs Office Emergency Services has been working closely with the
Red Cross on earthquake preparedness in the event of a major quake on the Cascadia
Subduction Zone. The focus is less on local earthquake damage, which is anticipated to be
minimal, than on secondary impacts. An earthquake could damage the roads that are needed to
supply Central Oregon and as the roads re-open could lead to an influx of refugees from west
of the Cascade Mountains. Planning ahead allows the County to manage these impacts.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.5 NATURAL HAZARDS
Section 3.5 Natural Hazards PoliciesSection 3.5 Natural Hazards PoliciesSection 3.5 Natural Hazards PoliciesSection 3.5 Natural Hazards Policies
Goal and Policies
Goal 1 Protect people, property, infrastructure, the economy and the
environment from natural hazards.
Policy 3.5.1 Adopt by reference the most recent Deschutes County Natural Hazards
Mitigation Plan into this Plan.
a. Review and evaluate this Section of the Comprehensive Plan every five years.
b. Adopt by reference Community Wildfire Protection Plans and revisions into
this Plan.
Policy 3.5.2 Cooperate and coordinate with stakeholders to:
a. Analyze and address natural hazards;
b. Raise public awareness of natural hazards;
c. Support research or studies on natural hazard issues and solutions.
Policy 3.5.3 Coordinate with emergency service providers when new development is
proposed.
Policy 3.5.4 Provide incentives and if needed regulations, to manage development in areas
prone to natural hazards.
Policy 3.5.5 Development should be designed to minimize alteration of the natural land form
in areas subject to slope instability, drainage issues or erosion.
Policy 3.5.6 Critical facilities (schools, churches, hospitals and other facilities as defined by
the Federal Emergency Management Agency) should be located outside high risk
natural hazard areas, where possible.
Policy 3.5.7 Address wildfire danger particularly in the wildland urban interface.
a. Survey and map wildfire hazard at risk areas using the Wildfire Hazard
Identification and Mitigation System.
b. Survey and map all areas not protected by structural fire protection agencies.
Policy 3.5.8 Support forest management practices that reduce severe wildfire hazard areas,
as identified by the Wildfire Hazard Identification and Mitigation System, to a low
or moderate rating, particularly in areas with development.
Policy 3.5.9 Support local fire protection districts and departments in providing and
improving fire protection services.
Policy 3.5.10 Regulate development in designated floodplains identified on the Deschutes
County Zoning Map based on Federal Emergency Management Act regulations.
a. Participate in and implement the Community Rating System as part of the
National Flood Insurance Program.
b. Cooperate with other stakeholders to identify alternatives for acquiring
and/or relocating existing structures prone to flooding.
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26 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
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Policy 3.5.11 Review and revise County Code as needed to:
a. Ensure that land use activities do not aggravate, accelerate or increase the
level of risk from natural hazards.
b. Address wildfire concerns to and from development, through consideration
of site location, building construction and design, landscaping, defensible
space, fuel management, access and water availability.
c. Require development proposals to include an impact evaluation that reviews
the ability of the affected fire agency to maintain an appropriate level of
service to existing development and the proposed development.
d. Minimize erosion from development and ensure disturbed or exposed areas
are promptly restored to a stable, natural and/or vegetated condition using
natural materials or native plants.
e. Ensure drainage from development or alterations to historic drainage patterns
do not increase erosion on-site or on adjacent properties.
f. Make the Floodplain Zone a combining zone and explore ways to minimize
and mitigate floodplain impacts.
g. Require new subdivisions and destination resorts to achieve FireWise
Standards from the beginning of the projects and maintain those standards in
perpetuity.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Background
Public facilities and services provide the basic infrastructure for urban and rural development.
These systems include water and sewer systems, police and fire protection, health and social
services, schools, and libraries. Transportation is also a public facility and is addressed
separately (see Section 3.7).
Most people have an expectation that the public facilities and services that support our lives,
from law enforcement to electricity, will be available. Generally, the provision of facilities and
services is more efficient and cost-effective in compact urban areas than in scattered rural
development. In some areas of the County, particularly east County, available services are
limited due to the large properties and distance from urban centers. Many of the people who
choose to reside there consider the limited availability of services and facilities as an acceptable
trade off for the ranching lifestyle.
Statewide Planning Goal 11, Public Facilities and Services and the associated Oregon
Administrative Rule 660-011 specify that facilities and services should be appropriate for, but
limited to, the needs and requirements of rural areas to be served. Public facility plans are not
required for rural areas as they are for urban development (except for certain Unincorporated
Communities). In fact, Goal 11 and the associated rule define limits to the provision of sewers
and water systems in rural areas, in order to limit rural growth.
There are several important issues relating to the provision of public facilities and services.
Meeting the needs of county residents while supporting the protection of resource lands
Maintaining health, safety, and security throughout the county
Cooperating and collaborating among the various providers of public services
Although counties must ensure public facilities and services are planned for, the facilities and
services need not be provided by county government. The discussion below highlights who
provides the services listed and how the County can manage development impacts on existing
facilities and services.
County Facilities and Services
Law Enforcement: The Deschutes County Sheriff’s Office is a full service organization providing
patrol, traffic team, criminal investigations, corrections, civil and search and rescue. Special
operations include a Marine Patrol, K-9 units, and Forest Patrol. The Sheriff is an elected public
official who serves a four year term. A 2006 vote created two taxing districts to permanently
fund Sheriff Office operations.
Solid Waste Disposal: The County manages Knott Landing landfill and four transfer stations,
Negus, Northwest, Alfalfa and Southwest. Knott Landing landfill receives the transfer and
recycling waste from the four transfer stations (see Section 2.9 for recycling). Knott Landfill is
anticipated to last until 2029 at which time it is planned to be reclaimed as park land. A
replacement site will be identified approximately 10 years prior to the proposed closure date.
Section 3.6 Public Facilities and ServicesSection 3.6 Public Facilities and ServicesSection 3.6 Public Facilities and ServicesSection 3.6 Public Facilities and Services
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28 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
As of 2010 an issue that has been discussed is creating a landfill overlay zone to prevent
conflicts between landfills and homeowners.
County Health Department: The County health department promotes and protects the health of
the community through collaboration, education, prevention and the delivery of compassionate
care through a variety of supportive programs.
Government Administration Buildings: The County provides government functions pertaining to
the County Recorder and Licensing, Assessor and Finance departments.
Fairgrounds: The County maintains the County Fairgrounds and Expo Center. With panoramic
views of the snow-capped Cascade range, the Deschutes County Fair and Expo Center is
situated on the outskirts of Redmond just off of Hwy 97 and adjacent to the Redmond
Municipal Airport. Due to its central location, the fairgrounds also serves as an emergency
center. The fairgrounds hosts the annual County Fair and numerous other events throughout
the year.
Other Agency Facilities and Services
Where other agencies provide facilities and services, the County role is to coordinate with
these agencies and work cooperatively on projects and proposals that benefit County residents.
Where there are gaps in the coverage for specific areas, the County can work with providers
to fill them. For example, there are gaps in coverage by fire districts that leave some areas
unprotected.
Central Oregon Intergovernmental Council: COIC began serving the residents and communities of
Central Oregon in 1972 as a Council of Governments organized under ORS 190 by Crook,
Deschutes and Jefferson Counties and Bend, Culver, Madras, Metolius, Prineville, Redmond and
Sisters. COIC provides a wide variety of educational and economic development services such
as workforce training, alternative high school education, business loans and public
transportation. COIC continues to evolve to meet the needs of Central Oregon.
COIC is governed by a 15-member board made up of elected officials who are appointed by
each of the member governments as well as appointed representatives of key economic sectors
– business and industry, tourism and recreation, agribusiness and agriculture, timber and wood
products, and the unemployed/underemployed. The respective county court or commission
makes each appointment.
School Districts: There are three school districts in Deschutes County: Bend-La Pine (SD 1),
Redmond (SD 2J) and Sisters (SD 6). Additionally, since the school in Brothers closed for lack
of students, some residents in the eastern parts of the County attend schools in Crook County
School District (SD 15). East County residents have expressed interest in additional, but
limited, rural development, to facilitate the reopening of Brothers School. The High Desert
Education Service District (ESD) partners with the districts to provide support services such as
special education, school improvement, administrative and legal services.
Fire Districts: The following fire districts support rural residents: Bend Fire Department, Black
Butte Ranch Rural Fire Protection District, Cloverdale Rural Fire Protection District, Crooked
River Ranch Rural Fire Protection District, Deschutes County Rural Fire Protection District #1
and #2, La Pine Rural Fire Protection District, Sisters-Camp Sherman Rural Fire Protection
District, and Sunriver Service District. Public lands are protected by federal agencies. There are
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
some areas in Deschutes County not covered by a fire district. (See Section 3.5 for more on
fire protection.)
Irrigation Districts: Irrigation districts in Oregon are organized as Special Districts under ORS
Chapter 545. They are thus public corporations under Oregon Law, with prescribed rules for
purpose, boards, elections, staffing, charges, etc. The districts are created for the purpose of
delivering water to their patrons. As such they are effectively non-profit water user
associations. In addition to irrigation uses, these districts also supply a number of other uses,
including municipal, industrial, and pond maintenance, warranting coordination with
municipalities.
Libraries: Deschutes Public Library has branches in Bend, Redmond, Sisters, La Pine and
Sunriver. They also operate a bookmobile program that focuses on children and parenting
books and a program for supplying books to homebound residents.
Higher Education: Located in Bend, Central Oregon Community College and the Oregon State
University Cascade Campus provide secondary educational opportunities. As of 2010 there is
considerable discussion about the need for a full four-year university.
Deschutes County Extension and 4-H Service District: In Oregon, 4-H is part of the Oregon State
University Extension Service. It is a youth education program with membership available to all
Oregon youth in grades 4-12. The 4-H Program in Deschutes County involves approximately
300 volunteer leaders working with about 1,200 youth. Additionally, the Oregon State
University Extension Service reaches over 400 youth through non-traditional programs on a
continuing basis.
Soil and Water Conservation District: Soil and Water Conservation Districts are uniquely
authorized by the State of Oregon to provide for the conservation of its soil and water
resources. Working in cooperation with stakeholders, the districts address issues such as
control and prevention of soil erosion, conservation and development of water resources,
water quality and preserving wildlife. The Deschutes Soil and Water Conservation District is a
legally defined subdivision of the state government, but, like all soil and conservation districts,
functions as a local unity led by a locally elected board of directors who serve without pay.
Mixed Public and Private Facilities and Services
Water Districts: Water districts include both publically-owned and privately-owned Public Water
Systems. Public Water Systems are defined as those that have more than three connections,
supply water at least 60 days/year and are used by at least 10 persons/day. All water systems
are regulated under the federal 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act and 1981Oregon Drinking
Water Quality Act. Public Water Systems serving over 3,300 people are overseen by the
Oregon Department of Human Services Drinking Water Program. The County acts as a
contractor for the Department of Human Services to monitor approximately 180 Public Water
Systems. Some privately owned systems are, for various reasons, regulated by the Public Utility
Commission, which sets rates and rules for public utilities.
Privately Owned Facilities and Services
Utilities: Electricity is provided by Pacific Power around Bend and Redmond. Central Electric
Cooperative and Midstate Electric provide service in the rest of the County.
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30 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Phone service is provided by Qwest and numerous cell phone providers. Cable is provided by
Bend Cable and satellite providers. Internet is provided by variety of servers.
Hospitals: Cascade Healthcare Community manages two hospitals: St. Charles Bend and St.
Charles Redmond. Additionally there are numerous health providers and clinics.
Sewer Districts: Creating or expanding existing sewer systems outside an urban growth boundary
or unincorporated community is governed by Statewide Goal 11 and OAR 660-011-0060. In
order to protect rural areas from urban-style development, the rules regulate where and when
rural sewers are appropriate. Some sewer districts, such as Oregon Water Wonderland Unit 2,
have used the Statewide Goal 2 exception process to create or expand a sewer system.
Vector Control District: Four Rivers Vector Control District was formed in 1985 to combat
seasonal infestations of mosquitoes. Using environmentally sensitive chemicals, the District
fights approximately 22 different species of mosquitoes. The district is located between
Sunriver and La Pine. They are the only district in Deschutes County that does aerial mosquito
spraying.
Individual Facilities and Services
Private wells: Most rural properties are served by private wells that are approved and managed
by the Oregon Water Resources Department. The County currently does not track the
number of wells. 2009 legislation requires new well diggers to provide a map of the well
location and pay $300 that will be used for monitoring groundwater. Wells existing as of the
date of the legislation are not required to comply.
Individual septic systems: Most rural properties are served by septic systems that are approved by
the County Environmental Health Division.
Coordination on Facility and Service Planning
The County role in planning for facilities and services involves coordination, to assure that as
new growth is approved, facilities and services are available. Some specific areas for
coordination are listed below.
Schools: ORS 195.110 requires large school districts, cities, and counties to plan for the future
and coordinate with one another to assist school districts with obtaining land. Districts are
generally required to prepare a 10-year capital improvement plan for sites and facilities. Cities
and counties are generally required to help the districts protect or obtain sites and through
land use policies and development codes. In specific circumstances, cities and counties may
deny applications for residential development if adequate school capacity is not available. The
law includes mandates for each entity and delineates responsibilities.
Other Jurisdictions: There are instances where other jurisdictions facilities are located in
unincorporated lands. For example, the City of Bend wastewater treatment plant and Airport
are sited on lands regulated by the County. Close coordination with cities goes a long way in
ensuring adequate operation and maintenance for those facilities.
Service Districts: Close coordination with service providers will assure that as new development
is approved adequate facilities and services are available.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Facility Issues 2010
As of 2010 there is controversy over the siting of power facilities and cell towers. These
facilities generally provide community-wide benefits with area-specific visual impacts. A review
of County Code and how other jurisdictions regulate these uses can identify potential siting and
design standards that can be adopted to minimize impacts.
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32 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Section 3.6 Public Facilities and Services Section 3.6 Public Facilities and Services Section 3.6 Public Facilities and Services Section 3.6 Public Facilities and Services
PoliciesPolicies PoliciesPolicies
Goal and Policies
Goal 1 Support the orderly, efficient and cost-effective siting of rural public
facilities and services.
Policy 3.6.1 Encourage the formation of special service districts to serve rural needs rather
than have the County serve those needs.
Policy 3.6.2 Encourage early planning and acquisition of sites needed for public facilities, such
as roads, water and wastewater facilities.
Policy 3.6.3 Support community health clinics.
Policy 3.6.4 Where possible, maintain County offices in locations convenient to all areas of
the county.
Policy 3.6.5 Support the County Fairgrounds as a community gathering place, event facility
and home to the annual County Fair.
Policy 3.6.6 Maintain the County Fairgrounds as an emergency readiness location.
Policy 3.6.7 Before disposing of County-owned property review whether the land is
appropriate for needed public projects such as schools, health clinics, fire
stations or senior centers.
Policy 3.6.8 Coordinate with rural service districts and providers to ensure new
development is reviewed with consideration of service districts and providers
needs and capabilities.
Policy 3.6.9 New development shall address impacts on existing facilities and plans through
the land use entitlement process.
Policy 3.6.10 Support education districts, library districts and recreation districts in meeting
community needs, such as meeting spaces.
Policy 3.6.11 Where possible, locate utility lines and facilities on or adjacent to existing public
or private right-of-ways and to avoid dividing farm or forest lands.
Policy 3.6.12 Review public facilities and services to minimize impacts of the facilities on the
larger community.
a. Review and revise as needed County Code to require screening of public
facilities including power generating facilities and sewage treatment plants, and
to address impacts from cell towers.
Policy 3.6.13 Support the creation of a landfill overlay zone.
Policy 3.6.14 Guide the location and design of rural development so as to minimize the public
costs of facilities and services.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.7 TRANSPORTATION
The Transportation System Plan is being adopted as a separate project and will be incorporated
here when adopted.
Section 3.7 TransportationSection 3.7 TransportationSection 3.7 TransportationSection 3.7 Transportation
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34 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
Background
Recreation is an important quality of life issue for Deschutes County and recreational tourism is
an important part of the economy (see Section 3.4). Both residents and visitors are drawn by
the extensive public lands, seasonal climate and wide variety of activities and settings.
Recreation opportunities include places set aside for specific activities such as campgrounds or
sports fields as well as passive spaces such as natural areas. The primary focus of recreation in
rural Deschutes County is outdoor recreation.
Outdoor activities promote healthy communities by encouraging people to enjoy an active
lifestyle and by providing opportunities to reconnect with the natural world. The Central
Oregon Visitor Association, a regional voice for the tourist industry, reported in their 2008
Annual Report that 2.5. million visitors came to Central Oregon in 2006, approximately 60% of
whom were here for destination resort vacation travel. That report showed that in 2007 travel
impacts for Deschutes County totaled over $470 million and supported over 5,400 jobs.
The Oregon Parks and Recreation Department is the agency responsible for overall
coordination on park planning. That agency regularly produces a Statewide Comprehensive
Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) which helps in planning and ranking recreation needs.
Statewide Planning Goal 8, Recreation and Oregon Administrative Rule (OAR) 660-034 address
recreation, but do not require local governments to provide park and recreation services. The
County does not have a parks department. Instead it coordinates with the federal and state
agencies, local park districts and private entities that provide park and recreational
opportunities. Coordination assures that resources are used efficiently and duplication is
avoided.
Federal Recreation
Recreation Opportunities on Federal Lands
The federal government, primarily the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management,
govern over 76% of the lands in the Deschutes County. Those lands are managed for a mix of
uses, including recreation. They provide opportunities for a wide variety of outdoor activities
such as hiking, hunting, off-road vehicle riding, rock climbing, kayaking or skiing.
Deschutes National Forest - Sustainable Recreation
The Deschutes National Forest is developing a strategy for sustainable recreation. A national
team has been working on this concept and has drafted a framework. Recreational lands
provide an opportunity to improve health through physical activity, contribute to local
economies, provide needed environmental services such as clean water and preserve important
national treasures.
At the same time, there are unprecedented challenges to providing quality recreation including
deteriorating recreation facilities, degraded natural areas, growth in demand for recreational
spaces and facilities and inadequate funding.
Section 3.8 Rural RecreationSection 3.8 Rural RecreationSection 3.8 Rural RecreationSection 3.8 Rural Recreation
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
By focusing on the three spheres that frame sustainability - environmental, social and economic,
and investing in a community’s ability to lead, a recreation program for the Deschutes National
Forest has the potential to greatly contribute to the agency’s mission.
The majority of the National Forest lands are available for outdoor recreation including the
defined areas listed below.
Winter Recreation Areas – such as Crescent Lake Area, McKenzie Pass Area or Three
Creek Lake Area
Resorts with Special Use Permits from the Deschutes National Forest such as Cultus Lake
Resort, Elk Lake Resort or Paulina Lake Resort
Three Sisters Wilderness Area
Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
The Upper Deschutes Resource Management Plan was completed by the Bureau of Land
Management in 2005. The Plan directs management of approximately 400,000 acres of land in
Central Oregon. It describes the overall vision and goals for the planning area and includes
area-specific plans and objectives.
The majority of the Bureau of Land Management lands are available for outdoor recreation
including the defined areas listed below.
Recreation Areas – such as Cline Buttes Recreation Area, La Pine Recreation Area or
Millican Valley OHV Area
Oregon Badlands Wilderness Area
Other Federal Recreation Sites
The Newberry National Volcanic Monument Comprehensive Management Plan covers the
Newberry National Volcanic and Newberry Crater National Monuments. The
Upper Deschutes Wild and Scenic River and State Scenic Waterway Comprehensive
Management Plan governs the federal and state wild and scenic rivers (Upper Deschutes River,
Upper Whychus Creek).
State Recreation
Oregon Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP)
The SCORP, prepared by the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department (ORPD) was most
recently competed and accepted by the National Park Service in 2008. The plan constitutes
Oregon’s five-year plan for outdoor recreation (2008-2012). It also provides guidance for the
Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), a federal program that provides grants to state
and local governments for land acquisition for outdoor recreation, and other ORPD grant
programs. In most years, all states receive LWCF grant funds based on a national formula,
with state population being the most influential factor. To qualify for stateside LWCF funding,
each state must prepare a SCORP every five years. The primary purpose of the SCORP is to
provide recommendations to the Oregon State Park System operations, administration,
planning, development, and recreation programs. It also provides guidance for other OPRD-
administered grant programs including the Local Grant, County Opportunity Grant,
Recreational Trails and All-Terrain Vehicle Programs.
Oregon’s Scenic Waterways Act declares recreation, fish, and wildlife as the highest and best
water uses in scenic waterways (ORS 390. 835 (1)). The Scenic Waterways Act and case law
govern protection of these areas.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
State Parks
Cline Falls State Scenic Viewpoint
La Pine State Park
Pilot Butte State Scenic Viewpoint
Smith Rock State Park (Internationally acclaimed rock climbing site)
Tumalo State Park
Oregon Scenic Waterways
Upper Deschutes River
Middle Deschutes River
Oregon Scenic Byways
Cascade Lakes Scenic Byway
McKenzie Pass – Santiam Pass Scenic Byway
Local Recreation
There are four local park and recreation special service districts established in Deschutes
County. Each is governed by an elected five member Board of Directors. Together they
provide a variety of parks and recreational programs for their respective communities.
Bend Park and Recreation District
Bend Park and Recreation District maintains and operates more than 2,000 acres of developed
and undeveloped parkland, that includes 74 parks and open spaces and 56 miles of trails. Over
770 recreation programs are offered and a number of special community events are held. In
2006, Bend Park and Recreation District received the National Gold Medal Award for
excellence in Park and Recreation management. This award is given to the best park and
recreation agency in the nation for its population category.
La Pine Park and Recreation District
The La Pine Park and Recreation District was established in 1990 and covers 85 square miles in
south Deschutes County, including the City of La Pine. The first Board of Directors was elected
at the time of formation, but a tax rate was not established or approved by voters until May,
2009. Before the tax was approved the district was managed by committed volunteers. The first
director was hired in January, 2010 allowing the district to build a solid foundation for future
growth.
Redmond Area Park and Recreation District
Redmond Area Park and Recreation District was established in 1975. The district's facilities
include the Cascade Swim Center (CSC) and CSC Park, the RAPRD Activity Center, the High
Desert Sports Complex, Borden Beck Park, and undeveloped parks at Majestic Ridge in
Redmond and outside the city limits at Tetherow Crossing. The district sponsors a wide variety
of recreation programs.
Sisters Park and Recreation District
The Sisters Park & Recreation District was established in 1998 under the name of an earlier
non-profit called Sisters Organization of Activities and Recreation (SOAR). The district serves
Sisters and the outlying areas of about 14,000 residents. In 2009 the name of the organization
was changed from SOAR to Sisters Park & Recreation District.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
County Parks
The only public parks the County maintains are a section of the County Fairgrounds and the
Worrell Wayside in downtown Bend. However, although there is no County parks department,
there are County-owned properties which are designated as park lands. Starting in 1994 the
County began to designate certain sensitive properties along rivers, creeks or streams or with
wildlife, wetlands or other values, as park lands. The intent was not to develop these lands for
park use but rather to preserve lands with valuable resources. The park designation means that
the lands would be retained in public ownership unless there was a public hearing and the
Board of County Commissioners determined that selling was in the best interest of the public.
ORS 275.330 governs the disposal of these lands, stating that if they are sold the proceeds must
be dedicated to park or recreation purposes. As of 2009, there were approximately 70
properties designated as park lands. These lands were designated to protect resources such as
water, wildlife or rivers (see Section 1.3).
Private Recreation
Private recreational sites are generally open to the public for a fee. They include destination
resorts (see Section 3.9) and resort communities (see Section 4.7). Additionally there are 23
golf courses within an hour of Bend/Sunriver including award-winning layouts designed by Jack
Nicklaus, Tom Fazio, David McLay Kidd, Peter Jacobsen and Tom Doak.
A different type of recreation is provided by the High Desert Museum. The nationally acclaimed
High Desert Museum is dedicated to broadening the understanding of the High Desert's
wildlife, culture, art and natural resources. In doing so, it strives to promote thoughtful decision
making to sustain the region's natural and cultural heritage.
Notable Local Sites and Activities
The following are just a sample of the sites and activities available in Deschutes County.
Mt. Bachelor
Mt. Bachelor Ski Resort with a summit of over 9,000 feet, has over 3,700 acres of varied terrain
for skiers, snowboarders and Nordic skiers. Mt. Bachelor also offers restaurants, ski shops and
numerous activities, from snowshoeing in the winter to hiking in the summer.
Phil’s Trailhead System (Central Oregon Trail Alliance)
The Deschutes National Forest and Bureau of Land Management – Prineville District are
recognized for having some of the best mountain biking in the nation. The Central Oregon Trail
Alliance, in partnership with those agencies and other land managers build and maintain trails
throughout Central Oregon. Central Oregon is a year-round destination for professional and
amateur mountain bikers.
Cascade Cycling Classic
The Cascade Cycling Classic is the longest consecutively run elite stage race in the country and
has attracted most of North America's top cyclists and teams over the years. The quality of the
race courses, the beauty of Central Oregon and the fun atmosphere of the race has made it a
perennial favorite and has the competitors returning year after year.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
Fly Fishing
The Upper Deschutes River offers fly fishing opportunities for Brook, Brown and Rainbow
trout. The Upper Deschutes River has easy access either by foot, boat or SUV. Fall River, a
spring fed high mountain stream 25 miles southwest of Bend is a fly fishing only river in an
attractive setting.
Off Highway Vehicles
The Deschutes National Forest and Bureau of Land Management offer numerous challenging off
road vehicle trials.
Pole Peddle Paddle
The annual Pole, Pedal, Paddle event draws approximately 2,800 participants competing as
teams, tandems and individuals in a race that includes both alpine and Nordic skiing, cycling,
running, paddling and sprinting from Mt. Bachelor Ski Resort to Bend’s Les Schwab
Amphitheater.
Deschutes River Paddle Trail
The Deschutes Paddle Trail, sponsored by the Bend Paddle Trail Alliance includes the navigable
sections of the Deschutes River and the Little Deschutes River in Deschutes County, along with
nine of the largest Cascade lakes in the County.
Although the Deschutes Paddle Trail has sections that everyone can safely enjoy, the levels of
difficulty include everything from placid easy sections (Class I) to very difficult (and dangerous)
sections (Class V) that are for experts only.
Recreational Trends
As of 2009 there were two groups working on separate aspects of recreation planning.
Ad Hoc Committee on Recreational Assets: This committee was created in 2007 to promote
economic development, local quality of life and health and wellness. County Commissioner
Tammy Baney was co-chair of this committee. The committee identified and prioritized specific
improvement projects that will enhance the County’s recreational assets based on the following
principles:
Restore healthy forests in the area bounded by the Deschutes River, Elk Lake and Skyline
Forest
Promote accessible, dispersed recreation to diverse activities and skill sets;
Promote connectivity between towns
Leverage project investment with user group contributions
Coordinate with the Trust for Public Lands
Deschutes County Greenprint: The non-profit Trust for Public Lands led a collaborative County-
wide effort in 2007-2010 to identify lands with important natural resource, open space or
recreational value. They also provided strategies for obtaining the funding needed to purchase
and manage the lands recommended for preservation. Deschutes County was a partner in this
effort (see Section 1.3).
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
Future Opportunities
With federal and state agencies as well as four local park and recreation districts, it is important
to work cooperatively to assure wise use of scarce resources. The results of the Recreation
Assets Committee and the Trust for Public lands will be useful in providing guidance on priority
recreational projects and lands. One potential area for cooperation that came out of the public
outreach for this Plan was working with federal and state agencies to ensure safe and
convenient access to rivers and streams.
Trails are an element of park and recreation planning where the County has the potential for
active involvement. Many of the initiatives identified by the Committee on Recreational Assets
are related to trails. There are numerous trails throughout the County and region that have
been created and are maintained by various agencies and organizations. The goal is to tie these
trails together to make movement between areas possible. Besides connecting trails, there also
needs to be work done to minimize the conflicts between hikers, equestrians and bicyclists.
Each of these groups has different needs from a trail system.
Recreation planning always needs to address the concern that growth will lead to overuse and
degradation of the assets that attract user groups. The demand for recreation can lead to
crowds at wilderness areas, trails and mountain lakes, impacting the experience. Working
cooperatively with all stakeholders will assure that recreation planning minimizes these
potential conflicts and maximizes the available recreational opportunities.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.8 RURAL RECREATION
Section 3.8 Rural Recreation PoliciesSection 3.8 Rural Recreation PoliciesSection 3.8 Rural Recreation PoliciesSection 3.8 Rural Recreation Policies
Goal and Policies
Goal 1 Promote a variety of passive and active park and recreation
opportunities through a regional system that includes federal and
state parks and local park districts.
Policy 3.8.1 Cooperate with public agencies and local park districts to provide park and
recreation lands, facilities and opportunities.
a. The Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan and State Park
Master Plans shall serve as a basis for coordination on County-wide park and
recreation issues.
b. Support exceptions to Statewide Planning Goals for urban fringe areas owned
or acquired and operated by park and recreation districts.
Policy 3.8.2 Work cooperatively with public agencies to promote standards for consolidation
of public land access and to ensure recreational entry to those lands, especially
along rivers and streams.
Policy 3.8.3 Encourage coordination between the U.S. Forest Service, the Bureau of Land
Management and off-road vehicle organizations to regulate use of motorized
vehicles, including motorbikes, ATVs and snowmobiles in order to minimize
environmental degradation, agricultural fragmentation and user conflicts on
private property.
Policy 3.8.4 Participate in federal recreation planning on federal lands and state park planning
on State lands.
Policy 3.8.5 Support accessible park and recreation opportunities in compliance with the
Americans with Disabilities Act.
Policy 3.8.6 Support efforts to coordinate recreation planning between park and recreation
districts, school districts, irrigation districts and cities.
Policy 3.8.7 Work with Unincorporated Communities that express an interest in parks, open
spaces and community centers.
Policy 3.8.8 Coordinate trail design and funding with transportation system plans and support
efforts to provide and manage rural trail segments and bicycle routes.
Policy 3.8.9 Support the Committee on Recreational Assets in identifying priority
recreational projects, including incorporating as appropriate, elements of the
Committee on Recreational Assets into this Plan.
Policy 3.8.10 Update County Code as needed to define rural recreational uses such as private
parks.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.9 DESTINATION RESORTS
Note – the existing destination resort comprehensive plan section is being retained.
Section 3.9 Destination ResortsSection 3.9 Destination ResortsSection 3.9 Destination ResortsSection 3.9 Destination Resorts
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT SECTION 3.10 AREA SPECIFIC POLICIES
Background
There are rural areas around the County experiencing specific challenges that could benefit
from a more detailed review. Using public outreach and in-depth analysis, the County can
respond to the unique values and issues in defined areas. This can be done through community
plans or simply adding specific policies.
Three areas have been identified as of 2010 for area specific plans or policies; South County,
Deschutes Junction and the Oregon Military site. Other areas where community plans or
policies might be initiated are Deschutes River Woods and east County. Deschutes County is
committed to cooperating with residents on creating specific community plans or policies as
requested and as resources permit.
South Deschutes County
South Deschutes County residents have expressed interest in a community plan. The 1979
Comprehensive Plan contained a section on La Pine, which was an Urban Unincorporated
Community. That section has been removed because La Pine incorporated in 2006. The
County remains interested in working with residents on South County issues.
South County is also addressed in the Regional Problem Solving for south County section of
this Plan. In 1998 an extensive public process led to the adoption of this section. It was created
following State regulations for regional coordination. Over 20 agencies/organizations were
involved and the process resulted in memorandums of understanding with 15 of those
agencies/organizations. The primary issue addressed through this process was groundwater
quality, although wildfire, wildlife, transportation and other issues were discussed. Some of the
policies adopted were intended to use market forces to guide rural development into La Pine
neighborhoods through a transfer of development rights program.
Follow-up actions introduced to protect groundwater were controversial in the south County
community. An attempt to require specialized nitrogen-reducing septic systems was defeated in
2009 through a ballot initiative. During the Plan update process, requests were made to
remove the Regional Problem Solving section from this Plan, claiming it was inaccurate and
outdated. Other residents recommended waiting until local groundwater issues are dealt with
at the State level before initiating a community planning process.
The regional problem solving section has been retained for the following reasons:
An extensive public and agency process was used to write this section
The section was created through a State-defined process and acknowledged as in
compliance with State land use regulations
The section is broader than just septic systems that have generated the most controversy
A new review of south County has not yet been initiated
That said, there is general consensus that there needs to be a new effort to engage the south
County community and create an updated community plan for the area to replace this section.
Section 3.10 Area Specific Plans and Policies Section 3.10 Area Specific Plans and Policies Section 3.10 Area Specific Plans and Policies Section 3.10 Area Specific Plans and Policies
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As of 2010 the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is leading an effort to find
solutions for the groundwater quality issues and the County is committed to actively
cooperating in that effort.
Regional Problem Solving for south Deschutes County
In the 1960s and early 1970s, before statewide planning occurred in Oregon, over 15,000 lots
were created in subdivisions platted south of Sunriver. Most of these parcels are less than two
acres in size and use on-site septic systems to dispose of sewage. Many of them are located in
areas where development is now restricted, such as floodplains, wetlands and areas with a high
groundwater table where septic approval is unlikely. Since 1989, Deschutes County has been
the fastest growing county in the state on a percentage basis. The rural character, attractive
location on or near the Deschutes and Little
Deschutes Rivers, and relatively inexpensive land
prices in South Deschutes County have led to a
burgeoning population. The current estimated
population of up to 16,000 residents (over 10,000
permanent) would make this area the second largest
city in Oregon east of the Cascades were it
incorporated, exceeded only by the city of Bend.
Impacts to groundwater, the source of drinking
water in this area, air quality, wetlands and mule deer
migration and the risks to human life and property
from wildfires have increased significantly over time.
In 1996, Deschutes County and the Department of
Land Conservation and Development recognized that
significant consequences could occur from the
pattern of development and began a collaborative
project known as Regional Problem Solving Project
for South Deschutes County. The Regional Problem
Solving (RPS) project area encompasses
approximately 42 square miles between Sunriver to the north and La Pine to the south, and
includes thousands of small-subdivided lots, and some larger parcels, throughout southern
Deschutes County.
The RPS project area is a landscape with a geologic history that produced sediments of volcanic
origin that were deposited in a basin over past eons. These conditions are the result of lava
flows from the west (Cascades) and east (Newberry) that periodically dammed and shifted the
course of the Deschutes River, creating the La Pine Basin, where the deposition of sediments
has occurred, sometimes burying older forests. Volcanic eruptions such as the one at Mt.
Mazama (Crater Lake) approximately 6,800 years ago have contributed significantly to the
volume of sediment deposited in the basin. The Mt. Mazama eruption is the source of volcanic
material that has formed the predominant soil in the area.
At an elevation of 4200 feet, the climate in the region is one of cool nighttime temperatures
with a short frost-free summer that averages less than 100 days annually and a winter period of
five or six months where snow can reside on the ground at any time. The rivers receive
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significant input from cool spring fed waters. The groundwater is mostly derived from
snowmelt in the high Cascades to the west, and is also relatively cool.
The development of thousands of small lots in the RPS project area is therefore superimposed
upon highly permeable, rapidly draining soils and a high groundwater table with relatively cold-
water temperatures. The overwhelming majority of the lots are served by on-site sewage
disposal systems (septic systems), including standard drain fields, cap and fill systems, and more
recently sand-filter systems. Nitrates, a by-product of septic systems and an indicator of human
pathogens, are poorly retained in the fast draining soils and do not easily break down due to
the cool groundwater temperature. As a result, loading of nitrates occurs in the shallow
groundwater aquifer that underlies this region. The presence of a high level of nitrates is of
great concern because this same aquifer is the source of drinking water for the residents in the
area.
A recent US Geological Survey study of groundwater in Central Oregon concludes that
groundwater in the area is connected to nearby surface waters, including the Deschutes and
Little Deschutes Rivers. Through the sampling of numerous wells in the RPS project area the
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) is predicting that nitrate in the
groundwater will approach unsafe levels, principally as a result of the cumulative effect of
sewage disposal with on-site septic systems, in the near future. Levels of nitrate are elevated in
several localized areas within the RPS project area. However the majority of wells show very
low nitrate levels at this time and surface water contamination has not been documented.
Due to the existing pattern and density of development DEQ is predicting that nitrate levels
will continue to increase over time, even if measures were taken now to alter the development
pattern in the RPS project area. If measures are delayed much longer, the consequences could
become more serious, possibly resulting in unsafe levels of nitrates in groundwater and drinking
water. More definitive information is expected to be available in the next few years, regarding
the timing of nitrate movement in groundwater and the overall impact of nitrate from septic
systems to groundwater and possible surface water pollution. The DEQ and Deschutes County
will complete additional groundwater investigations and testing of innovative sewage treatment
and disposal systems to reduce the impact on groundwater from nitrogen in household sewage,
with grants from the US Environmental Protection Agency. The results from these studies will
not be known for several years. Studying different approaches to on-site sewage treatment and
disposal may lead to affordable technological advances that can be applied to new and possibly
existing systems. In the meantime, the region will continue to grow and nitrate loading from
on-site systems will continue to increase.
Some measures may need to be implemented in the future to address groundwater pollution
and other impacts that could result from the development of the thousands of small size
subdivided lots in South Deschutes County. The creation of a new neighborhood between La
Pine and Wickiup Junction as an alternative to building fewer houses on the remaining vacant
small lots appears to hold much promise. A market-driven transferable development credits
program could assist in the redirection of growth from the existing subdivisions into this new
neighborhood.
A development standard or sewage disposal rule that requires an effective lot area of 1.5 acres
for new dwellings served by an on-site septic system may need to be considered. The acreage
requirement would need to be based on the long-term balance between nitrate loading from
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septic systems and dilution from precipitation that infiltrates the land. An effective lot area
should include contiguous or non-contiguous vacant land within a specified distance from the
proposed building site.
For these reasons, Deschutes County has determined that it is appropriate to adopt
comprehensive plan goals and policies to recognize the importance in protecting groundwater
and other resources and the need to continue to work on the RPS project for South
Deschutes County.
Nitrates - Health and groundwater impacts; septic system impacts and studies
High levels of nitrates in drinking water are a cause of methemoglobinemia (blue baby
syndrome) in infants and have been linked to cancer and weakening of immune system in the
elderly. Recent epidemiologic studies indicate that chronic long-term exposure to low levels
(2.5 mg/L) of nitrates can increase the risks for certain types of cancers. Nitrate levels are often
used as an indicator for the transmission capabilities of other pathogenic agents. Surface waters
are very sensitive to eutrophication by the addition of nutrients; nitrate is an indicator of
nutrient loading.
A natural background level of nitrates would be less than 1 mg/L. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has set the safe water drinking standard (Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL)
for nitrate at 10 mg/L. The DEQ is required to declare a region a Groundwater Management
Area if nitrate concentration reaches 7 mg/L. This would require a plan to protect and restore
groundwater quality. Deschutes County Planning and Environmental Health are only slightly
ahead by starting and developing their plans proactively.
On-site septic systems are the only significant source of nitrates in the La Pine sub-basin. The
La Pine sub-basin has many conditions that allow for little denitrification of wastewater to
occur: rapidly draining soil, shallow, well oxygenated groundwater, very short growing season,
cold temperature, not much hydraulic gradient. Most of the development has taken place in the
very bottom of the sub-basin over shallow groundwater and on small lots served by wells from
an unconfined aquifer.
In 1980-81 contamination of the aquifer from septic systems had already occurred in the La
Pine core area. (La Pine Aquifer Management Plan, Century West, 1982). A community sewer
system was required to remedy the situation. A 1995 well monitoring study by DEQ showed
that after 11 years of sewer, the nitrate levels in the La Pine core area had receded but were
still at “unsafe levels.” This is an indication that the recovery time for the aquifer is lengthy.
The 1995 monitoring study also revealed the existence of five areas in the RPS project area,
not including the core area of La Pine, where nitrate levels are greater than usual background
levels. Nitrate levels are as high as 4.8 to 5.9 mg/L in three of these areas and as high as 3 mg/L
in the other two.
The 1995 monitoring study was part of a modeling effort by the DEQ to estimate the impact of
septic systems on the groundwater. The initial results of the model indicate that at existing
(1994) development the aquifer would reach nitrate levels of 7 mg/l by 2005. Since the
collection of samples in 1994 there are approximately 700 additional residences in the RPS
project area using on-site septic systems. The model is limited because it is two-dimensional
and does not account for flow in or out of its boundaries.
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A grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency will allow significant work to begin in
1999 to help with a solution to the problem of high nitrate levels. The primary purpose of the
grant is to study new technologies in on-site septic systems. Part of the grant will be used to
continue increasing the groundwater monitoring network and complete additional analysis of
nitrate movement in the groundwater using a three dimensional model.
The innovative septic system program was started in 1998 through the RPS project and DEQ
grant funding and is expected to increase significantly with the new federal grant. The purpose
is to try new technologies that appear to be capable of reducing nitrate levels. Besides nitrate
reduction there are many other aspects of new technology that need to be examined before
widespread applications for the general public can occur.
Over the past five years the USGS has developed a groundwater flow model of the entire
Upper Deschutes Basin. The model will be used as the basis for an analysis of the impacts of
nitrates from on-site systems to help answer the following three questions:
Where should additional monitoring wells be set up for continuous monitoring of nitrate
plumes from residential development?
What density does development need to be set at to minimize impact on groundwater
quality?
What variations of impact due to location are there in the La Pine sub-basin?
The DEQ rules require a minimum of an acre for standard system and a half-acre for pressure
or sand filters in rapidly draining soils. This is a statewide rule and the authors were probably
looking at rainfall amount from a typical Willamette Valley year to provide dilution. Mixing
wastewater from a typical single-family residence with the recharge provided by yearly
precipitation in Southern Deschutes County, it requires 2.5 acres for a standard system and 1.5
acres for a sand filter to maintain a recharge concentration at or below 7 mg/l. This estimate is
on the conservative side because it does not account for inflow, outflow, or upflow from other
areas.
Areas such as Fall River Estates, Wild River and Ponderosa Pines do not require as much
acreage to achieve an adequate amount of mixing and dilution of nitrates because they are
located in areas of higher precipitation at the western edge of the aquifer. Also, the aquifer
gradient is steeper resulting in more dilution due to higher groundwater flow rates. La Pine and
portions of Oregon Water Wonderland and Stage Stop Meadows subdivisions served by sewer
systems are also not contributing to the overall nitrate-loading problem in the region.
Legislation
In October 1998, Congress passed legislation to assist Deschutes County in purchasing a 540-
acre tract of land from the Bureau of Land Management. This tract is located between La Pine
and Wickiup Junction, west of Highway 97 and east of Huntington Road. A sewer line between
the communities of La Pine and Wickiup Junction runs through the property. This property is
intended to be the site of a new neighborhood that will be serviced by sewer and water
systems, and paved roads. Residential use will predominate, although community needs such as
a senior center, library, assisted living facility and limited neighborhood commercial uses may be
developed. A design process known as a “charrette” occurred in November 1998. This design
workshop occurred over a three-day period with the participation of over 80 people from the
community.
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The initial design encompasses a neighborhood primarily residential in character with sewer,
water and a road network of paved streets and access roads without curbs. A setback of 300
feet from Highway 97 has been incorporated into the eastern boundary of the design. A senior
center and assisted living facilities are included in the southern part of the property adjacent to
the community of La Pine. This preliminary design will be evaluated to determine lot sizes and
density, development costs, phasing of development and the ability to use transferable
development credits as a tool for the overall development of the new neighborhood.
Transferable Development Credits
A TDC (Transferable Development Credit) Program has been developed to redirect some of
the future development of residential dwellings from lots served by on-site sewage disposal
(septic) systems to the residentially zoned districts in the Neighborhood Planning Area in the
La Pine UUC that will be connected to water and sewer systems. A TDC is a severable interest
in real property that represents the right to construct a single-family dwelling and an on-site
sewage disposal system. The TDC program code has been adopted in compliance with the
provisions of ORS 94.531.
The essential elements of the TDC program are to be codified in DCC Title 11, County
Owned Land and Property, of the County Code. The TDC program is intended to redirect
some of the future residential growth from existing subdivisions in South Deschutes County,
also identified as the “sending area” where TDC's are allocated to eligible lots, into the
Neighborhood Planning Area, also referred to as the “receiving area” where TDC's are
required to be redeemed based on a net developable acreage formula. If successful the TDC
program will reduce the overall impact from development in flood plains, wetlands, deer
migration corridors and areas susceptible to groundwater pollution from nitrates. It will also
help to maintain open space and preserve the rural character of the area by reducing the
overall density of development that would otherwise exist in the future if a dwelling were built
on every legal lot.
In the sending area the TDC program will operate in a voluntary,
market-driven manner. Those property owners who choose to sell their
TDC's will retain ownership of the underlying land on which certain
uses, such as camping, wood cutting, vegetation management,
agricultural use and construction of a small storage structure will be
allowed. A Conservation Easement will be placed on the property that
will prohibit the construction of a single-family dwelling and on-site
sewage disposal system on the property. Property owners who sell their
TDC's and enter into a Conservation Easement restricting future uses
on their property may elect to sell the deed for the underlying property
to a willing buyer.
Public Participation
The RPS project has involved all aspects of the community, including property owners, interest
groups, public agencies and government at the local, state and federal levels. Over 20
stakeholder meetings and 5 public forums were held. Eight newsletters and other mailings have
been sent out to an extensive mailing list of property owners and other interested individuals,
community organizations and local governments. The local press has covered this topic with a
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number of articles and news reports on several occasions. According to written surveys the
top three priorities for the residents of South Deschutes County are: 1) to retain open space
to maintain the rural character of the area; 2) to not allow septic systems in areas of high
groundwater; and, 3) to allow for experimentation with alternative methods of sewage disposal.
Among the least favored options was extending sewer throughout the region due to the high
cost associated with this expansion. However, several small sewer systems exist in the region
and people commented and testified at public meetings and hearings that the option of using
sewer systems to dispose of sewage should continue to be explored.
To ensure that public involvement was as great as possible regarding proposed amendments in
1998 to the comprehensive plan and zoning ordinance, an additional newsletter was mailed that
contained a notice of public hearings before the Deschutes County Planning Commission and
the Board of County Commissioners. The newsletter also described various aspects of the RPS
program, characterized design elements of the new neighborhood as a result of the design
charette and encouraged people to attend a community workshop held in early December to
learn more about the amendments. This newsletter was mailed to over 5,000 property owners,
including the owners of all lots in the RPS project area which are zoned RR-10 and less than 2
acres in size, and the stakeholders, interest groups, agencies, etc., who had previously
participated or expressed an interest in the RPS project. More detailed information about the
RPS project including information on nitrates, experimental on-site technology, alternative
solutions, transferable development credits and a bibliography of the studies and other sources
of information used to analyze the region’s problems and to formulate solutions was made
available at the hearings.
LCDC Acknowledgement
In September 2000 the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission (LCDC)
conducted a hearing and approved the County’s request to expand the La Pine UUC to include
the area formerly recognized as the Wickiup Junction Rural Service Center and the New
Neighborhood area. The Neighborhood area includes a tract of land the County purchased
from the Bureau of Land Management and a privately owned parcel. LCDC also approved the
County’s comprehensive plan designation and rezoning of the area added to the La Pine UUC
from resource lands zoned exclusive farm use to various planning districts that allow for the
creation of a residential subdivision served by municipal water and sewer systems and paved
roads.
Other Area Specific Policies
Oregon Military Site
The Oregon Military Department has real property interests in lands outside Redmond that is
used for military training. Concerns were raised by that department that the noise of their
operations could disturb neighboring properties and the use of the land could be questioned.
Developing an overlay zone that requires the military be notified of new development and new
development be notified of the military’s right to continue operations, would protect the
interests of both parties.
Deschutes Junction
A community plan was initiated for the Deschutes Junction area, which includes lands
designated Rural Industrial and Rural Commercial. There has been some discussion about
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whether this area should have been designated as a Rural Service Center during the
unincorporated community evaluations.
As of 2010 policies for Deschutes Junction are being processed in a separate but concurrent
legislative process and will be incorporated into this Plan when adopted.
Crooked River Ranch
Crooked River Ranch, a rural subdivision located between the Deschutes and Crooked Rivers,
straddles Deschutes and Jefferson counties. It has the largest homeowner association in Oregon
and contains approximately 4,000 people. Access to this development occurs in Deschutes
County, underscoring the importance of coordinating regularly with its residents and Jefferson
County to assure safe, convenient travel routes.
S. Deschutes/N. Klamath Groundwater Protection Project
The Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), the US Geological Survey and
Deschutes County have determined that the safety of the groundwater in southern Deschutes
and northern Klamath counties is threatened by nitrate contamination from traditional onsite
septic wastewater treatment systems. The groundwater aquifer provides the drinking water
source for most residents in this area. As of 2010, the DEQ and a steering committee of local
area residents are now working with the community to find the best way to protect the
groundwater.
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Section 3.10 Area Specific Policies Section 3.10 Area Specific Policies Section 3.10 Area Specific Policies Section 3.10 Area Specific Policies
Goals and Policies
Goal 1 Create area specific land use policies and/or regulations when
requested by a community and only after an extensive public process.
Policy 3.10.1 Maintain a list of communities interested in area specific policies and as
resources permit, initiate public processes to address local issues.
South Deschutes County
Policy 3.10.2 Develop a south county community plan and adopt it as a subsection of this Plan.
Policy 3.10.3 Support the leadership of the Department of Environmental Quality in working
with the community to address groundwater protection issues.
Policy 3.10.4 To the maximum extent allowed by law, reinvest net proceeds from the
development or sale of County-owned real property in the La Pine
Neighborhood Planning Area, now in the City of La Pine, into future
improvements such as roads, parks, open space development and maintenance,
public buildings and on-site and off-site water and wastewater facility
improvements or expansion, in the City of La Pine or Regional Problem Solving
study area.
Regional Problem Solving
Goal 2 Preserve water and air quality, reduce wildfire hazards and protect
wildlife habitat.
Goal 3 Ensure that domestic water derived from groundwater meets safe
drinking water standards.
Goal 4 Develop an equitable, market-driven system, that reduces the
potential development of existing lots in floodplains, wetlands, mule
deer migration corridors and areas susceptible to groundwater
pollution.
Goal 5 Create a new neighborhood, primarily residential in character,
between La Pine and Wickiup Junction, that provides services
efficiently, sustains economic development and reduces adverse
impacts to groundwater quality in South Deschutes County.
Goal 6 Explore innovative sewage treatment and disposal methods.
Policy 3.10.5 The County shall continue to work with landowners, citizens, community
organizations and governmental agencies at the local, state and federal level to:
a. Continue collaborative work on the Regional Problem Solving project.
b. Develop, review and implement land use policies and development standards
that will ensure that agreed-upon solutions from the Regional Problem Solving
project are enacted to the maximum extent possible.
c. Acquire land from the Bureau of Land Management between La Pine and
Wickiup Junction, west of Highway 97, to develop as a new neighborhood.
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d. Conduct feasibility studies regarding development of a new neighborhood.
Such studies may include, but are not limited to: a master design plan,
development costs and funding options, water and sewer system feasibility,
traffic impacts, and zoning codes and governance issues.
e. Install and monitor innovative on-site sewage treatment and disposal (septic)
systems on privately owned parcels in the Regional Problem Solving project
area as part of the La Pine National Decentralized Wastewater Treatment
Demonstration Project funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.
f. Work cooperatively with the U.S. Geological Survey and Oregon Water
Resources Department during well water sampling and analysis to advance
three-dimensional groundwater and nutrient fate and transport modeling in
the south Deschutes County area.
Policy 3.10.6 The County shall implement and monitor in accordance with DCC 23.44.030(D),
a Transferable Development Credit program as a means to redirect potential
growth away from residential lots in subdivisions throughout the region into the
La Pine Neighborhood Planning Area. The County shall establish a Transfer of
Development Credit Review Committee to assist in analyzing and
recommending any changes deemed appropriate to the Transfer of Development
Credit program.
Policy 3.10.7 The County shall continue to evaluate means to reduce nitrate loading from on-
site sewage disposal systems by exploring innovative on-site sewage treatment
and disposal technology, retrofitting of existing substandard or inappropriately
located disposal systems, expansion of sewer systems, development of standards
such as an effective lot area or variable lot area requirements, or other measures
that will accomplish the goals.
Policy 3.10.8 New residential subdivisions and partitions in the La Pine Urban Unincorporated
Community shall be connected to a community water system and either the La
Pine Special Sewer District sewage treatment system or a community waste
water treatment facility that meets Oregon Department of Environmental
Quality standards.
Oregon Military Site
Policy 3.10.9 Support an overlay zone for property owned and/or utilized by the Oregon
Military Department to protect the military site and neighboring properties from
noise and land use conflicts.
Regional Coordination
Policy 3.10.10 Coordinate with Jefferson County and Crooked River Ranch residents as
needed.
Deschutes Junction
These policies are going though a separate process and will be incorporated when adopted.
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52 DESCHUTES COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – 2011
CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT REFERENCES
Chapter 3 Primary References Chapter 3 Primary References Chapter 3 Primary References Chapter 3 Primary References
References1
1. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 7: Areas Subject to
Natural Disasters and Hazards. Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals and Guidelines.
2. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 8: Recreation
Needs. Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals and Guidelines.
3. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 9: Economic
Development. Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals and Guidelines.
4. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 10: Housing.
Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals and Guidelines.
5. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 11: Public Facilities
and Services. Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals and Guidelines.
6. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 12: Transportation.
Oregon’s Statewide Planning Goals and Guidelines.
7. Central Oregon Regional Housing Authority (Housing Works) website at
http://www.oregonhousingworks.org
8. Economic Development for Central Oregon website at
http://www.edcoinfo.com
9. Improving Deschutes County’s Competitiveness: Business Location and Retention
Factors. A report by Headwaters Economics in partnership with Economic
Development for Central Oregon. July 2010.
10. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Natural Hazards
Program. 2003
11. Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Planning for Natural
Hazards: Oregon Technical Resource Guide. 2002
12. 2006 Deschutes County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan
13. 2010 Deschutes County Natural Hazards Mitigation Plan
14. Deschutes County Community Wildfire Protection Plans
15. Upper Deschutes Fire Learning Network. Upper Deschutes Basin website at
http://www.tncfire.org
16. D.R. Sherrod, L.G. Mastin, W.E Scott, S.P. Schilling. Volcano Hazards at Newberry
Volcano, Oregon. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-513
17. W.E. Scott, R.M. Iverson, S.P. Schilling, B.J. Fisher. Volcano Hazards in the Three Sisters
Region, Oregon. UlSl Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-437
1 The references listed are provided for the convenience of the public and are not legally adopted into this Plan.
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CHAPTER 3 RURAL GROWTH MANAGEMENT REFERENCES
18. Oregon Revised Statute 197.435-197.467 Siting of Destination Resorts2
19. Oregon Administrative Rules Chapter 660 particularly:
a. 660-008 Interpretation of Goal 10 Housing
b. 660-009 Economic Development
c. 660-011 Public Facilities
d. 660-012 Transportation
2 The references listed are provided for the convenience of the public and are not legally adopted into this Plan.
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